Securitatea Energetică a Republicii Moldova: Alternative Viabile

8/3/2019 Securitatea Energetic a Republicii Moldova: Alternative Viabile

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[DKTPN]A]DA

DEDPOD]NK

A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA

Zhcn}nknZt nd


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3/58

;[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

Ne{}n}t}tc zde}pt Md|yhc}apd n Nenna}nyd [hknacd &NMN[. Ynn}hptc

Zhcn}nkn Zt ndEp% ;# 0::>

[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK

A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA ;0Iav< &;?;"00. 0= 4? 1=www%ynn}hptc%hpo

Hpnkd t}ncn|apd a tehp dv}pa{d hpn hznenn acd at}hptctn akd{}tn [}tmnt }pd`tnd { khene hpdidpne ca {dpna md Zhcn}nkn Zt`cnkd n NMN[ Ynn}hptc%

MD[KPNDPDA KNZ A KABDPDN EANHEACD A KPNN

@ac}ao# Acdvaempt

[dktpn}a}da dedpod}nk a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya< ac}dpea}nyd yna`ncd ( Acvaempt @ac}ao# Mhpnea @ac"}ao7 Ne{}% zde}pt Md|yhc}apd n Nenna}nyd [hknacd &NMN[. Ynn}hptc% " Kf% < NMN[ Ynn}hptc# 0::>&]nzhop% Pdd}enkhy Z% N.% " 46 z% " &Zhcn}nkn Zt`cnkd 7 Ep ;.%@n`cnhop%< z% =6"41 &4= }n}%. n e eh}dcd md {t`{hc% " 4: dv%N[@E >?6">>?4"=::?";"0%

90:%>1&=?6.@ 0=


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4[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

MD[ZpD AT]HpN

Kaz% N Dyhctna zhcn}nknn dedpod}nkd a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1:1%1 Iak}hptc pt{d{k e zhcn}nka dedpod}nk a PB%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1:

1%1%1 Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya n oa|tc ea}tpac pt{d{k %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1:1%1%0 Dedpond dcdk}pnk nbzhp}a} mne Pt{na %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 191%1%; [dktpn}a}da dedpod}nk a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1>

1%0 Zhcn}nka dedpod}nk a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya e pazhp} kt aeoalabde}dcd dtphzded %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 001%0%1 Nbzak}tc n ayae}aldcd zap}nknzpnn Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya ca ]pa}a}tc Khbten}nn Dedpod}nkdzde}pt {dk}hptc dedpod}nk %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 001%0%0 Aeacn|a emdzcnenpnn aeoalabde}dchp Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya e kheihpbn}a}d kt Zcaetc md Ak"nted Tenteda Dtphzdae Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya zd mnbde{nteda dedpod}nk %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 04

Kaz% NN Ac}dpea}nyd md pd{tp{d dedpod}nkd zde}pt Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ;10% 1 Ac}dpea}nyd oa|tctn pt{d{k %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%;1

0%1%1 Aeacn|a zh{n`ncn}nchp n ayae}aldchp zap}nknzpnn Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya ca zphndk}tc zaehkknmde}ac Ea"`tkkh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%;1

0%1%0 Zh{n`ncn}ncd n ayae}aldcd khca`hppnn mnpdk}d a Bhcmhydn kt {}a}dcd mne A{na Kde}pac %%%%%%%%;;0% 0 Dedpond pdodedpa`nc &ac}dpea}nyd id|a`ncd oa|tctn# {kfnb`apda zphmt{dchp mne khtc dedpod}nk. %%%%%%%%%%%%%;9

0%0%1 Aeacn|a dyhctndn t}ncn|pnn ac}hp pd{tp{d dedpod}nkd mdk} oa|tc ea}tpac e Bhcmhya %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%;9

0%0%0 Dedpond a}hbnk< zap}nknzapda PB ca khe{}ptkna KED Kdpeayhm%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%;90%0%; Zh}denactc dedpod}nk dhcnae ac Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%;60%0%= Zh}denactc dedpod}nk {hcap ac Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=:0%0%4 Zh}denactc n kncd md t}ncn|apd a dedpondn `nhba{dn e Bhcmhya %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=1

Khekct|nn%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% =;

Pdkhbaempn%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% =4

Pdidpned `n`cnhopainkd %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% =6

Aedvd%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 40


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6 [DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

NE]pHMTkDpD

Pabtpa md à| a dkhehbndn bhcmhyd"ed}n h pdzpd|ne} {dk}hptc dedpod}nk# md kapd {te}

mdzdemde}d e bapd b{tp kdcdcac}d {dobde}d

acd dkhehbndn eanheacd% Dyhctnncd mne dkhehbna

bhemnac# kpn| ineaeknap ochàc# nbza{tc dedp"

od}nk e kapd {"at aica} pncd mdzdemde}d md oa|tc

pt{d{k# nap Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya innem khbzcd}a"

bde}d mdzdemde} md nbzhp}tc pt{d{k ca akd{} ka"

zn}hc# nbzte md|yhc}apda md bdkaen{bd n zpofnn{}pa}donkd e a iakd ia mdzdemdedn pnn ia md

pd{tp{dcd dedpod}nkd%

Aktb# kem {n}tana e khbzcdvtc dedp"

od}nk at}hf}he khe}net a in }de{nhea} mne kat|a

dinkndedn dedpod}nkd pdmt{d &d{}d md 0#9 hpn ban

lha{ mdk} e Tenteda Dtphzdae.1# mne kat|a

cnz{dn }h}acd md pd{tp{d dedpod}nkd zpnbapd at}hf"

}hed n nbzhp}tctn chp e yhctb md 1::$# mnekat|a enydctctn ban btc} mdk} pdmt{ md t}ncn|apd

a {tp{dchp md dedpond pdodedpa`nc# a t|tpnn ayae"

{a}d a dkfnzabde}dchp dedpod}nkd d}k%# d{}d edkd{ap

ka ehta khemtkdpd { mdbhe{}pd|d kazakn}n md

otydpeapd zpaoba}nkd e kdda kd zpnyd}d {dktpn"

}a}da dedpod}nk n { }pdak mnekhch md {dbepn

md {}pa}donn n mdkcapann% Akd{} {}tmnt {d ampd{da"

| emdh{d`n ne{}n}tnnchp {}a}tctn pd{zhe{a`ncd md

od{}nheapda {dobde}tctn dedpod}nk at}hf}he# zpd"

ktb n kdchp ne}dpd{an md }dba}nka a`hpma}%

[}tmntc md ia n zphzted { dctknmd|d

{n}tana ak}tac a nemt{}pndn dedpod}nkd at}hf}h"

ed oa|tc ea}tpac n dcdk}phdedpona zpne zpn{ba

aeoalabde}dchp a{tba}d md at}hpn}n n a aknt"

enchp khekpd}d md }pae{ztedpd a akqtn{"tctndedp"

od}nk e kheihpbn}a}d kt zpdydmdpncd ]pa}a}tctn

Khbten}nn Dedpod}nkd% Md a{dbdeda# {}tmntc

1 Yacdpnt Kaedp# [dk}hptc dedpod}nk ac Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya#A%%B% " ep% 1&10.# id`ptapnd 0::>

aeacn|da| opamtc md a{notpapd a {dktpn}nn dedp"

od}nkd a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya# nekct{ny zpne aeacn|a

zh{n`ncn}nn t}ncn|pnn tehp {hctnn md ac}dpea}ny

md pd{tp{d dedpod}nkd acd pnn# zpne neyd{}noapda

zh{n`ncn}nchp n ayae}aldchp mnydp{ninkpnn knchp md

nbzhp} a pd{tp{dchp dedpod}nkd n nbzcnkapda e a"

caea md khe{tb a dedpondn pdodedpa`ncd% Mnekhch

md akda{}a# {}tmntc zpd|ne} caktedcd mdzn{}a}d e

kdda kd zpnyd}d zhcn}nka dedpod}nk a Pdzt`cnknnBhcmhya &etbp cnbn}a} md {tp{d md nbzhp} "

khb`t{}n`nctc# dedpona dcdk}pnk n oa|dcd ea}tpacd

{te} e khe}netapd nbzhp}a}d mne Idmdpana Pt{#

khca`hpapda kt te {neotp dvzhp}a}hp d}k%.%

[}tmntc d{}d e{hn} md te {d} md khekct"

|nn n pdkhbaempn# kapd mdeh} k b`te}npda

{n}tandn ak}tacd d{}d zh{n`nc zpne khe}netapda pd"

ihpbdn dkhehbnkd e khbzcdvtc dedpod}nk# e}pnpdan dv}nemdpda cdo}tpnchp kt znddcd dedpod}nkd mne dv"

}dpnhp% Ban btc} ka a}}# kdcd mht kazn}hcd {kh} e

dynmde iaz}tc k zhcn}nka dedpod}nk a pnn eha{"

}pd a ih{} n pbed a in neictdea}# e bapd zap"

}d# md iak}hptc zhcn}nk n et apd ca à| zpneknznncd

dkhehbndn md zna# e {zdknac< mdbhehzhcn|apda#

md{kde}pacn|apda n khektpdea cn`dp% [dktpn}a}da

dedpod}nk d{}d a{notpa} {t` ehpbdcd akkdz}a}d

zd zcae ne}dpeanheac# Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya zca"

{emt"{d e ipte}da pnchp kt kda ban bapd zhe"

mdpd a kfdc}tndcnchp zde}pt pd{tp{dcd dedpod}nkd

khe{tba}d%


9/58

>[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

bD]HMHcHoND

Kdpkd}apda zhcn}nknn dedpod}nkd ak}tacd acdPdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya# zpdktb n nmde}ninkapda ac}dp"

ea}nydchp md pd{tp{d dedpod}nkd zde}pt apa eha{"

}p# a edkd{n}a} t}ncn|apda tetn ne{}ptbde}ap yapna}

md neyd{}noand# zde}pt a zt}da hidpn h nbaoned

khbzcd} n h`ndk}ny a pd{zdk}nytctn zphkd{% Na}

md kd# e akda{} ctkpapd# ab ekdpka} { t}ncn|b

a}} bd}hmd kae}n}a}nyd# k} n kacn}a}nyd0% Mne}pd

bd}hmdcd md kdpkd}apd ihch{n}d# yhb dynmdena%

Kapd d{}d dyhctna tc}dpnhap a

neipa{}ptk}tpnn dedpod}nkd mne Bhcmhya8

e kdda kd zpnyd}d neipa{}ptk}tpa dedpod}nk

mne Bhcmhya e zdpnhama nbdmna} tpb}hapd# amn"

k e}pd aenn 1>>0 1>>4# Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya

ayda e zphzpnd}a}da {a e}pdotc za}pnbhent md}pae{zhp}apd n mn{}pn`tnpd a oa|tctn% e akdcan

}nbz# mtz kheicnk}tc }pae{en{}pdae# kem Kfn"

netc zndpmd khe}phctc a{tzpa }dpn}hpntctn mne

{}eoa En{}ptctn# h zap}d mne akd{} za}pnbhent

d{}d khe}phca} ambnen{}pa}ny md k}pd at}hpn}ncd

{dzapa}n{}d# mdhapdkd chkacn|apda ehmtctn md khb"

zpd{nted a oa|hmtk}dchp baon{}pacd A]N# MGPN

n PN {d aic e hpatc ]npa{zhc1:

%ekdzem kt aetc 1>>4# nap ban zpdkn{ e zd"

pnhama 1>>4 1>>6# hma} kt kpdapda e}pdzpne"

mdpnn bnv}d bhcmh"pt{d# a {hknd}nn zd aknten md

}nz ekfn{ Oa|{ea`}pae|n}# e kapd 4:$ zct{ h

aknted zpnyncdona} &kt mpdz} md yh}. h mdneda

[%A%P% Oa|zphb# }h} {n{}dbtc md oa|hmtk}d

baon{}pacd mdyned zap}d a kazn}actctn {}a}t}ap ac

akd{}dna# amnk a Oa|zphbtctn &Idmdpana Pt{.%

e akdcan }nbz# Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya z{}pda| e

zphzpnd}a}da {a pddata chkac md mn{}pn`tnd a oa"

|tctn k}pd khe{tba}hpnn bhcmhyden%

e khe}dv}# bdenheb k Oa|{ea`}pae|n}

d{}d kdma} Oa|zphbtctn e `a|a Akhpmtctn mne

0: {dz}db`pnd 1>>=# 4:$ zct{ h aknted innem

kdma}d mne kat|a ma}hpnnchp P% Bhcmhya ia md

bhehzhcn{}tc pt{d{k zde}pt cnyppncd md oa| ea"

}tpac mne akda zdpnham &e `a|a tehp kacktcd n6 Aedva 1> Nmdb1: Nmdb


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1;[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

neyd{}noann didk}ta}d md dvzdpn nemdzdemden# {d

mdbhe{}pda| k e aetc 1>>= {"a dvaodpa} ap}n"

inknac ma}hpna }h}ac a PB ia md bhehzhcn{}tc

pt{d{k kt zd{}d 14: bncnhaed T[M.11% ]pd`tnd {

{t`cnendb iaz}tc k akda{} kdmapd e zphzhpnd

md 4:$ a zphzpnd}nn a{tzpa oa|hmtk}dchp ba"on{}pacd e bnencd tetn {neotp zphzpnd}ap n ban

kt {dab a bhehzhcn{}tctn kapd mdned khe}phctc

a{tzpa oa|tctn }pd`tnd zpnyn} mne zdp{zdk}nya k

akda{}a pdmtkda zpak}nk ca |dph hpnkd zh{n`ncn}a}d

tc}dpnhap md edohkndpd kt Oa|zphbtc a}} kt zpn"

ynpd ca zpdtc oa|tctn# k} n kt zpnynpd ca zpdtc

zde}pt }pae|n}apda oa|tctn%

ekdzem kt 1>>6 n ze e zpd|de}# e `a|aFh}ppnn Zapcabde}tctn Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya Ep%

1449 kt zpnynpd ca pdhpoaen|apda n zpnya}n|apda

khbzcdvtctn md oa|d mne Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya mne

:0%:=%1>>610 n Fh}ppnn Otydpetctn Pdzt`cnknn

Bhcmhya Ep%1:96 kt zpnynpd ca kpdapda e khb"

zcdvtc md oa|d ac Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya a tedn {h"

knd}n zd aknten bhcmh"pt{d mne 01%1:%1>>61;#

}ha} neipa{}ptk}tpa md }pae{zhp}apd n mn{}pn`tnda oa|tctn mdyned zap}d mne kazn}actc {}a}t}ap ac

e}pdzpnemdpnn bhcmh"pt{d Bhcmhyaoa|# e kapd

4:$ zct{ h aknted zpnyncdona} h mdned akdcan

khekdpe pt{ [%A%P% Oa|zphb &ka n e ka|tc Oa"

|{ea`}pae|n}.% Amnk# khe{}a}b k e aetc 1>>6

{"a zphkdma} ca idc ka n e aetc 1>>=# kdmemt"{d

h zap}d mne za}pnbhentc {n{}dbtctn md azphyn|n"

heapd n mn{}pn`tnd a oa|tctn zde}pt a bnkhpa

ma}hpna Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya zde}pt oa|tc khe{t"

ba}# kapd {d knipa ca akda zdpnham ca zd{}d 4::

bncnhaed T[M%

Zpne iaz}tc k Oa|zphb mdned 4:$'1 mne

akntencd Bhcmhyaoa| &at}hpn}ncd mne pdonteda

11 ]tmhp hn}t# [dpont Oan`t# Khpnea Oan`t# Zphopabtc eanheac mdoa|nkapd< pdacn}n# edkd{n}n n zdp{zdk}nyd# NMN[ Ynn}hptc# 0::?10 Fh}ppda Zapcabde}tctn Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya Ep% 1449 kt zpnynpdca pdhpoaen|apda n zpnya}n|apda khbzcdvtctn md oa|d mne Pdzt`cnkaBhcmhya &Ap}%1#0#;. mne :0%:=%1>>6# zt`cnka} ca :0%:=%1>>6 e

Bhen}hptc Hknac Ep% :06%1; Fh}ppda Otydpetctn Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya Ep%1:96 kt zpnynpd cakpdapda e khbzcdvtc md oa|d ac Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya a tedn {hknd}nzd aknten bhcmh"pt{d &ztek} 0#9#>. mne 01%1:%1>>6# zt`cnka} ca10%11%1>>6 e Bhen}hptc Hknac Ep% 1::%

}pae{en{}pdae at zpnbn} zd{}d 1=$# Bhcmhya

pbeem kt knpka ;4$ mne aknten.# khe{}a}b

k {"at e{}pnea} zphzpnd}ncd {}a}tctn eh{}pt e

iayhapda ac}tn {}a}# n aetbd Idmdpana Pt{% e

zct{# {d khe{}a} k akda{} e{}pneapd {"a ikt}

zpne}p"h d{}nbapd zpdcnbneap n azphvnba}ny aza}pnbhentctn Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya# ip a {d didk"

}ta ypdh dyactapd pdac# mdhapdkd cnz{d{k ak}dcd md

d{}nbapd a `tetpnchp ba}dpnacd acd {hknd}nchp zd

aknten }dpn}hpnacd1=%

Aknheapnn Kh}dcd md zphzpnd}a}d

ca khe{}n}tnpda Oa"

|{ea`}pae|n}

e 1>>4

Kh}dcd md zphzpnd"

}a}d ca khe{}n}tnpda

[%A%Bhcmhyaoa|

e 1>>6

Oa|zphb 4:$ 4:#:0$

Bhcmhya &Bhcmhya"

}pae{oa|.

;>$ ;9#49$

]pae{en{}pna &]npa{zhc"

}pae{oa|.

11$ 1;#=;$

Kd aydb e zpd|de}8

e `a|a Khe}pak}tctn md khe{}n}tnpd a [%A%

Oa|{ea`}pae|n} n ban azhn [%A Bhcmhyaoa|

" e ipte}d kt Oa|zphbtc " khe{}a}b k akd{}da

n"at a{tba} h`cnoana md a zap}nknza kt neyd{}n"

nn edkd{apd e ydmdpda md|yhc}pnn oa|hmtk}dchp

}pae|n}apd n md mn{}pn`tnpd a oa|dchp ea}tpacd zd

}dpn}hpntc Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya% Mne zka}d# khe"

{}a}b k ze e zpd|de}# [%A%P Oa|zphb#

ambnen{}pa}hptc [%A% Bhcmhyaoa|# et a zap}n"

knza} kt neyd{}nnn {t` enknh ihpb zh{n`nc &mhap{}neodpda tedn ma}hpnn# n akdda tbica}# e yachapd

md 40 bncnhaed T[M.# map kapd dvzcha}da| te

za}pnbhent md zd{}d 04 md hpn ban bapd% Amnk#

zphzpnd}a}da pabtpnn md oa|d# d{}nba} ca zd{}d te

1= e Fh}ppda Otydpetctn Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya Ep%1:96# mne01%1:%1>>6 kt zpnynpd ca kpdapda e khbzcdvtc md oa|d ac Pdzt`cnknnBhcmhya a tedn {hknd}n zd aknten bhcmh"pt{d {d bdenheda| caztek}tc ;< Mdzap}abde}tc zpnya}n|pnn n ambnen{}ppnn zphzpnd}nnmd {}a} zd ceo Bnen{}dptc Dkhehbndn n Pdihpbdchp ya didk"

}ta e aetc 1>>> pddyactapda `tetpnchp khbzcdvtctn md oa|d acPdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya zpne ne}dpbdmntc tedn hpoaen|ann ne}dpeanheacdmd atmn}# kheihpb tedn bd}hmnkn pdknzphk akkdz}a} e dyde}tacn}a}dapdk}nkpnn tc}dpnhapd a kazn}actctn {hknac# a kh}dn zpn acd ctn# zpdktbn a ma}hpnnchp ca zca}a khe{tbtctn md oa|d ea}tpacd%


14/58

1= [DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

bncnapm md T[M &kka% 1#1 bncnapmd T[M kh{}tc

pdac ac [%A% Bhcmhyaoa| n kka% ;:: bncnhaed

T[M " pddcdchp khe{}ptn}d md zhztcand n mne

ihemtpncd `tod}apd.14# d{}d mnpnla} md ambnen{}pa"

na [%A%P% Oa|zphb mne Idmdpana Pt{# zpne

ne}dpbdmntc [%A%Bhcmhyaoa|# e kapd Oa|"zphb a neyd{}n} mhap 40 bncnhaed T[M%

@a kfnap# khe}pap zpdydmdpnchp khe}pak}tctn md

khe{}n}tnpd a [%A%Bhcmhyaoa|# Otydpetc PB acd{

md zhzhp# nbzted kd}denn bhcmhyden { zap}nknzd

ineaeknap ca zphopabtc md md|yhc}apd a pddcdchp md

oa|ninkapd &`dedinknaptc zpneknzac ac kptna d{}d md

iaz} [%A% Bhcmhyaoa|.# zpne akda{}a {t{neem in"

eaeknap md|yhc}apda kazn}actctn [%A%P% Oa|zphbzd e}pdo }dpn}hpntc Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya &zd{}d 0#;

bncnapmd BMC {te} `aenn zhztcandn n zd{}d 1#0

bncnapmd BMC {te} mne ihemtpn `tod}apd.19% A{}"

idc# khe{}a}b h mn{kpnbneapd a kd}daetctn ia

md neyd{}n}hptc {}pne Oa|zphb1?%

e odedpac# ekdzem kt aetc 0::1 Oa|zphbtc

a ayt} zap}d md h a{n{}de capo mne zap}da at}h"

pn}nchp bhcmhyded}n# kapd at zdpbn{ zpnya}n|pnba{nyd e {n{}dbtc md oa|d mne P% Bhcmhya>= n 1>>6# n aetbd kheydp}npda

ma}hpnnchp e akntencd [%A Bhcmhyaoa|% Amnk#

te {t`ndk} ac mn{ktnnchp e}pd PB n Pt{na ap zt"}da in bhmacn}a}da md pdhpoaen|apd a Bhcmhyaoa|

&Oa|zphb ne{n{} h`nedpda tedn kh}d md ?4$ mne

kazn}actc Bhcmhyaoa|. {at(n zpnya}n|apda KD]"

chp &hinknacnn md ca Oa|zphb md btc}d hpn at ba"

enid{}a} ne}dpd{ zde}pt a neyd{}n e kdcd ; KD]"tpn

bhcmhyded}n.0;% ek mne 0::9# kem a n|`tken}

zpnbtc kheicnk} bhcmh"pt{ zpnynem zpdtc oa|t"

ctn# hinknacn an Oa|zphb at kheinpba} ne}dpd{tckhekdpetctn pt{d{k zde}pt zpdctapda a ek 04$

mne akntencd [%A Bhcmhyaoa|% e akda zdpn"

ham# Bh{khya a balhpa} }apnitc ca oa|d zde}pt

balhpn}a}da {}a}dchp dv"{hynd}nkd% Zpneknzacdcd pn

yn|a}d at ih{} Tkpanea# Odhpona n Bhcmhya# pn

kapd {"at pdhpnde}a} zhcn}nk k}pd Hkknmde}% Khe"

{dpyapda zpdtctn md =9#96 T[M zde}pt bna md

bd}pn kt` zde}pt @dcapt{# khemt{ md AcdvaempCtga{degh# chnac Gpdbcnetctn# ka n abeapda

azcnkpnn ehtctn }apni ca oa| md 11: T[M zde}pt

Apbdena# acna}tc {}pa}donk ac Bh{khydn e Katka|#

n bdenedpda zpdtctn md 49 T[M ze ca 1 azpn"

cnd# a zdpbn{ h`{dpya}hpnchp { ne}dpzpd}d|d kpd}d"

pda zpdtctn ca oa|d mpdz} h }de}a}ny md a zdmdz{n

cnmdpnn md ca Kfnnet# Gndy# ]`ncn{n zde}pt k {d

emdzp}da| md Bh{khya%

Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya# ikem kdmpn {zdk}akt"

cha{d Idmdpandn Pt{d# e zpd|de} mdned zpofnn

cnbn}a}d e }nbztc edohkndpnchp zpnynem zpdtc ca

oa|tc nbzhp}a} md Oa|zphb% Ca bhbde}tc md

ia# ambnen{}pana md ca Kfnnet zc}d}d tetc

mne kdcd ban bapn zpdtpn mne {zantc K[N% A{}idc#

h`{dpyb k Gpdbcnetc ihch{d}d ae}altc zpdt"

ctn zde}pt tedcd mnynmdemd zhcn}nkd# dkhehbnkd n

{}pa}donkd e |he%0; Oa|zphb ypda kdcd }pdn KD]"tpn# Zhp}ac dkhehbnk Dkhehbnka#f}}z


16/58


Dedpond dcdk}pnk1%1%0nbzhp}a} mne Pt{na

Mne eht# dedpond dcdk}pnk mne Pt{na

e zpd|de}# Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya d{}d e{}apd {"n akhzdpd khe{tbtc md dedpond dcdk}pn"

k mne {tp{d zphzpnn mhap e yhctb md 04";: $#

pd{}tc innem a{notpa} mne nbzhp} &Bhcmhya a ih{}

kdc ban bapd khe{tba}hp md dedpond dcdk}pnka

mne Tkpanea# cnyppncd md dedpond dcdk}pnk khe{}n"

}tnem 0 bcpm ?06 bce g_(hp.% e zcae ne}dpe#

{n{}dbtc dedpod}nk ac pnn &md zd bactc mpdz} ac

En{}ptctn. mn{zted mhap md kde}pacd panheacd n ne"mt{}pnacd &ia`pnkncd md |afp.# kt kazakn}a}da }h}ac

md ==;#4 B_# nekct{ny h kde}pac fnmphdcdk}pnk

19 B_# kde}pacd dcdk}pnkd kt }dpbhinkapd ;;:

B_# kde}pacd dcdk}pnkd acd ia`pnknchp md |afp

>?#4 B_% [apknea bavnbac dcdk}pnk zd ap

khe{}n}tnd azphvnba}ny 1::: B_0=%

e kdda kd zpnyd}d }apnitc md nbzhp} ac dedpondn

dcdk}pnkd# akd{}a khe{}n}tna ca inedcd ctenn ban a

aetctn }pdkt} :#:== T[M zde}pt te g_f &kt

1:$ ban btc}.% ]apnitc a ih{} {}a`ncn} ca Gndy

zpne}p"te akhpm zpnynem cnyppncd md dedpond dcdk"

}pnk mne Tkpanea e Bhcmhya# kapd zh}pnyn} Bn"

en{}ptctn Dkhehbndn n Khbdptctn# Nohp Mhmhe#

ap in kdc ban iayhpa`nc zde}pt Pdzt`cnka Bhcmh"

ya# mdhapdkd# e zpd|de}# zpdtpncd aeoph md dedp"

ond dcdk}pnk zd znaa tkpanedae khe{}n}tnd zd{}d

0= Achktnteda mctn Ycamnbnp AE]H[NN# bnen{}ptc nemt{}pndn n ne"ipa{}ptk}tpnn mne Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya ca Kheidpnea dedpod}nk a pnchppnydpaed Bpnn Edopd# Md|yhc}apda {dk}hptctn dedpod}nk n pdacn|apdazphndk}dchp neyd{}nnheacd e neipa{}ptk}tpa dedpod}nk a Pdzt`cnknnBhcmhya# :=%:=%0::9

:#:90 T[M zde}pt te g_f# nap zpdtpncd ca kapd

d{}d dvzhp}a} dedpona tkpanedae e Teoapna#

[chyakna n Phbena mdzd{k :#:? T[M zde}pt

te g_f04% ]h}hma}# n e}pdzpnemdpda bhcmhyd"

eda{k Dedpohkhb {t{neda k {hctna h`net}

e kamptc edohkndpnchp kt zap}da tkpanedae d{}dkda ban ayae}alha{ zde}pt P% Bhcmhya n kapd

zdpbn}d ne}dopac md a a{notpa khe{tba}hpnn pnn

kt dedpond dcdk}pnk ca kdc ban iayhpa`nc zpd dvn{"

}de} ca akdc bhbde} zd znaa pdonheac md dedpond

dcdk}pnk% e akd{} idc# dkhehbnncd khe{tba}hpnchp

bhcmhyden {d knipda| ca 4 bce T[M# ctem e

khe{nmdpand k zpdtc e pdonted khe{}n}tnd knpka

:#:?= T[M(g_f &kt :#:0 T[M ban btc} mdk}kdc cnypa} k}pd Bhcmhya. n kapd apd h }demne

zdpbaede} md kpd}dpd09%

Md eh}a} iaz}tc k Bhcmhya a nbzhp}a}

mne aetc 0::0 n ze e yapa aetctn 0::9 dedpond

dcdk}pnk mne Idmdpana Pt{# e `a|a tetn akhpm

}pnca}dpac bhcmh"pt{h"tkpanedae0?% Kheihpb mh"

ktbde}tctn# Bhcmhya zpnbda dedpond dcdk}pnk e

kae}n}n doacd md ca Tkpanea n Idmdpana Pt{% e

ctea ntend 0::9 cnyppncd pt{d}n at ih{} {}hza}d zd

bh}ny k zap}da tkpanedae a balhpa} }apnitc md

}pae{zhp} n }pae|n} ac dedpondn% e khe{dkne# zpdtc

akd{}dna kpd}da {dbeninka}ny n et ban dpa kheydea"

04 Bhcmhya nbzhp} dedpond dcdk}pnk mne Tkpanea zpne mhn ne}dpbd"mnapn# f}}z


17/58

1?[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

`nc Bhcmhydn% A{}idc# mne yapa aetctn 0::9# Tkpanea

a bhehzhcn|a} cnyppncd md dedpond dcdk}pnk e Bhc"

mhya%

Pdyenem ca pdcana Bhcmhya"Pt{na e mh"

bdentc md khca`hpapd zpnynem dedpona dcdk}pnk#

bdenheb k ca 0"; ntcnd 0::6 Nohp Mhmhe a ayt}e}pdydmdpn kt ambnen{}pana e}pdzpnemdpnchp Oa|"

zphb n Ne}dp PAH DD[ ca Bh{khya06% Zh}pnyn}

tetn khbtenka} md zpd{ ac Bnen{}dptctn Dkhehbndn

n Khbdptctn# e kamptc e}pdydmdpnn kt ambnen{}pa"

na e}pdzpnemdpnn Ne}dp PAH DD[ a ih{} dvabnea}

zh{n`ncn}a}da cnyppnn dedpondn dcdk}pnkd e Pdzt`cnka

Bhcmhya md ca Kde}paca dcdk}pnk md ca Ktkntpoae

&KDP[ Bhcmhydeda{k.0>

# kapd a ih{} zpnya}n|a} eaetc 0::4 e bhm ncdoac md Ne}dp PAH DD[# ip

bkap h khhpmheapd kt at}hpn}ncd md ca Kfnnet%

Kapd {te} ayae}aldcd Kde}pacdn

md ca Ktkntpoae8

e mdkdb`pnd 0::4# zt`cnkana Bhcmhya

Eha{}p ap}a k mnpdk}hptc odedpac ac K]D Bhcmh"yded}n &Ktkntpoaen.# [dpofdn [{khy# mdkcapa k kde"

}paca a ih{} ktbzpa} md PAH DD[ Ph{{nn aetbd

mne khe{nmdpde}tc pdyn}acn|pnn dvzhp}tctn md dedpond

dcdk}pnk e Phbena n pncd ackaenkd;:% Pdbapkb

iaz}tc k mne kdcd 10 `chktpn dedpod}nkd acd akd{}dn

kde}pacd iteknhea etban tet# nap dvzhp}tc md dedp"

ond dcdk}pnk ap zdpbn}d pdztedpda e iteknted a 9

`chktpn% Kdc ztne aa {"a mdkcapa} ca akdc bhbde}%

]h}hma}# {"a mn{kt}a} zh{n`ncn}a}da dv}nemdpnn dvzhp"

}tpnchp md dedpond dcdk}pnk e Phbena# kapd zpd"

{tzted }pdkdpda ca pdonbtc md ae}de% Akd{} pdonb

zpd{tzted k# md dvdbzct# 0"; ne{}acann md odedpapd

acd Kde}pacdn md ca Ktkntpoae { ctkpd|d e akdcan

pdonb kt {n{}dbtc dedpod}nk ac Phbendn n kt kdc ac

06 Md kd at bnen} Opdknaen n Mhmhe8 &NN.# Kde}ptc md Neyd{}noannLtpeacn{}nkd# f}}z0> Kfnnetc ya khe}neta edohkndpncd kt Oa|zphb"tc e a mhta

ltb}a}d a ctenn ntcnd# Bnen{}dptctn Dkhehbndn n Khbdptctn ac PB#f}}z


18/58


}pdzpnemdpnn% Mdhkabma}# zpdtc kdpt} md Kde}paca

md ca Ktkntpoae mdzd}d 9 kden [TA(g_f# ia

md zpdtc md 4#1"4#= kden [TA(g_f zc}n} zde}pt

dedpona dcdk}pnk mne Tkpanea;4% Md ca 1 naetapnd

0::># KDP[ Bhcmhydeda{k mne pdonteda }pae{en{"

}pdae cnypda| dedpond dcdk}pnk khe{tba}hpnchp mneBhcmhya md zd bactc mpdz} a En{}ptctn e yhctb md

04: bnc% g_f zd cte;9%

Md bdenhea} d{}d iaz}tc k hzdpa}hptc ea"

nheac ca nbzhp}tc n dvzhp}tc md dedpond dcdk}pnk

mne Bhcmhya# Dedpohkhb# a ayt} zphztedpda mne

zap}da e}pdzpnemdpnn tkpaneded# Tgpne}dpdedpoh# md

a ktbzpa ktpde} dcdk}pnk ca te zpd md 4#0 kden

[TA(g_f# kt azphazd 1:$ ban bnk mdk} kdc hid"pn} md Kde}paca dcdk}pnk md ca Ktkntpoae% Kt }ha}d

akd{}da# et {"a akkdz}a} hidp}a md ca Gndy# mne bh}nyd

ek edkte{hkt}d% H dvzcnkand a pdit|tctn ap zt}da

in k hzdpa}hptc pt{ Ne}dp PAH DD[# zphzpnd}aptc

Kde}pacdn md ca Ktkntpoae# ap in zphbn{ te zpd ban

`te ca dedpona dcdk}pnk mtz ineacn|apda kpn|dn oa|d"

chp;?%

Kt kdp}n}tmned# e{# zpdtc ca dedpona cnypa"} md ca Ktkntpoae d{}d azphazd md mht hpn ban bnk

mdk} kdc ac kde}pacdchp }dpbhdcdk}pnkd mne Bhcmhya#

kapd# md iaz}# {d ma}hpda| tetn zpd ban bnk md zd{"

}d mht hpn zc}n} zde}pt oa|tc cnypa} md Oa|zphb%

Dedpond dcdk}pnk cnypa} md ca Kde}paca md ca Ktkntpoae1

4#4 kden [TA(g_f &azphvnba}ny 9: àen(g_f.Dedpond dcdk}pnk zphmt{ md Kde}pacdcd Dcdk}pnkd kt

]dpbhikapd0

KD] 1 1;6#;6 àen(g_f

KD] 0 1:=#06 àen(g_f

KD] Ehpm 1:9#49 àen(g_f

Bdmna }h}ac 1:>#00 aen(g_f

Dedpond dcdk}pnk cnypa} md pddcdcd md mn{}pn`tnd &PDM.;

PDM Ehpm 10: àen(g_f

PDM Ehpm Yd{} 10: àen(g_f

PDM Tenhe Ideh{a 11: àen(g_f

;4 Ycam Ipte|# Ne}dp PAH DD[ n dv}nemd zpd|dea e Phbenazpne ne}dpbdmntc Bhcmhydn# Baoa|ne dkhehbnk Dkhehbn{}# f}}z6;(

;9 Tkpanea a zphzt{ Bhcmhydn dedpond ban ndi}nea mdka} kde}paca mdca Ktkntpoae# Dtphza%bm# f}}z# kapd d{}d n zpddmne}dcd Khe{ncntctn

md ambnen{}papd% Md a{dbdeda# c pdo{nb n zd

bnen{}ptc Dedpod}nknn ac Idmdpandn Pt{d# [dpofdn

ba}gh# e khe{ncntc Ne}dp PAH DD[# kt kapd ca

Bne{g a mnachoa} bnen{}ptc amltek} ac Dkhehbndn

n Khbdptctn ]tmhp Khzakn%

Khe}phctc zdp{heac ac ctn [dkne a{tzpa

Ne}dp PAH DD[ mdbhe{}pda| iaz}tc k akda{}

khbzaend et pdzpd|ne} mhap te {nbzct t{ned{{#

kn e zpnbtc pem te ne{}ptbde} md dv}nemdpd a

neictdedn pt{d}n% D{}d h khe}netapd a dvzae{nt"

enn oa|ndpd# map e}p"h ihpb ban ca}de}% Hp# mak

md Oa|zphb {d }db mdla# md Ne}dp PAH DD[ ek;6 Nmdb;> Mbn}pn Bdmydmdy d{}d te eht ap ac Pt{ndn# f}}z


19/58

1>[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

et# {t{ned ditc aodendn Da{} Dtphzdae Oa{

Aeac~{n{# Bnfanc Ghpkdbgne=:%

[dktpn}a}da dedpod}nk a1%1%;Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya

Khbzcdvtc dedpod}nk d{}d h pabtp md `a|

a dkhehbndn eanheacd n emdzcned}d te phc nb"

zhp}ae} e nbzcdbde}apda kt {tkkd{ a zphopabdchp

md md|yhc}apd a dkhehbndn eanheacd# zpdktb n e

bdenedpda {}a`ncn}nn {hknacd% [}pa}dona dedpod}nk

a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya {d pdidp ca h`ndk}nydcd# b"

{tpncd n ak}nyn}ncd hpnde}a}d {zpd a}neodpda tetn

khbzcdv dedpod}nk ban dinknde}# khbzd}n}ny n {n"

otp# kapd { a{notpd# }h}hma}# {dktpn}a}da dedpod}n"

k a pnn# bhmdpen|apda neipa{}ptk}tpnn dedpod}nkd

dvn{}de}d# b`te}npda dinkndedn dedpod}nkd# t}n"

cn|apda {tp{dchp pdodedpa`ncd md dedpond=1%

e aetc 1>>? a ih{} amhz}a} [}pa}dona dedp"

od}nk a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya ze e aetc 0::4#

kapd a ih{} echktn} kt tea eht e aetc 0::: #

yaca`nc ze e 0:1:% Ca 01 atot{} 0::? aydbmdla [}pa}dond dedpod}nk a PB ze e aetc 0:0:%

Ikem h aeacn| a zpdkdmde}dchp mht {}pa}donn#

md{khzdpnb k zpak}nk enkntetc mne h`ndk}nydcd

zphzt{d e akd{}da et a ih{} pdacn|a}# innem ztp n

{nbzct abea}d%

Mdkn# h`{dpyb k e tc}nbn mhn{zpd|dkd aen#

at ih{} amhz}a}d }pdn [}pa}donn dedpod}nkd acd Pdzt"

`cnknn Bhcmhya# e{# pd|tc}a}dcd at ih{} ban btc}mdk} mdzchpa`ncd# e khemnnncd e kapd zpnbdcd

mht {}pa}donn et at ayt} akhzdpnpd ineaeknap% e

kda mda }pdna {d bdenheda| k te iak}hp d{denac

zde}pt nbzcdbde}apda zpd|de}dn [}pa}donn c khe"

{}n}tnd khbzhede}a ineaeknap# amnk edkd{n}ncd

md neyd{}nnn kazn}acd# kapd at ih{} d{}nba}d ca 0";

bcpm% dtph {at k}d knpka 14:"00: bnc% dtph zd

=: Yhb ktbzpa dedpond dcdk}pnk md ca ptn# Ne}dpcnk# 0>%1:%0::6#f}}z(dkh"yhb"ktbzapa"dedpond"dcdk"}pnka"md"ca"pt{fn"9>0=%f}bc=1 [dktpn}a}da dedpod}nk a PB ze e 0:0:# Bhen}hptc Hknac Ep%1=1"1=4 &;:06";:;0. mne ? {dz}db`pnd 0::?%

ae% D{}d kcap k ip achkapda tehp ihemtpn dv}dp"

ed# pdacn|apda [}pa}dondn Dedpod}nkd ze e aetc

0:0: d{}d {hp}n} ddktctn%

[}pa}donncd md {dktpn}a}d dedpod}nk a PB#

edpdacn|a}d n abea}d

Kheihpb ma}dchp hidpn}d md Bnen{}dptc Dkh"

ehbndn n Khbdptctn# e zpnbtc ae md nbzcd"

bde}apd a [}pa}dondn Dedpod}nkd a Bhcmhydn at

ih{} pdacn|a}d zphndk}d md md|yhc}apd a pddcdchp

ne}dped md }pae{zhp}apd a dedpondn dcdk}pnkd n md

khe{hcnmapd a pddcdchp md ne}dpkhedvnted kt "

pncd ydkned e yachapd md knpka 1#6 bnc% Dtph=0

#mne}pd kapd h zap}d zphyne mne}p"te kpdmn} achka}

md @aeka Bhemnac zde}pt pdacn|apda Zphndk}tctn

Dedpod}nk NN% Kt }ha}d akd{}da# {tba pd{zdk}ny

pdzpd|ne} mhap 0#6$ mne {tba edkd{ap zde}pt

a in achka} aetac e akd{} {khz &zd khbzhede}a

dedpod}nk# `tod}tc edkd{ap d{}d md kka 6:: bnc%

dtph.%

Zh}denacnn neyd{}n}hpn zpnynem nbzcdbde}apda[}pa}dondn PB ze e 0:0: ap zt}da in< Khbn{na

Dtphzdae# @aeka Bhemnac# @aeka Dtphzdae

zde}pt Pdkhe{}ptknd n Md|yhc}apd# @aeka Dtph"

zdae zde}pt Neyd{}nnn n Aodena Dcydnae zde"

}pt Khhzdpapd Ne}dpeanheac# kapd# md ac}idc# n"at

aetea} mn{zhen`ncn}a}da md a ineaea zphndk}d md

neipa{}ptk}tp zpnhpn}apd e dedpod}nka P% Bhcmh"

ya &pdtenteda md ca Kfnnet mne 0="04 {dz}db"

`pnd 0::?.=;% Ca bhbde}tc md ia# e khe}dv}tc

kpn|dn ineaeknapd och`acd# ya in dv}pdb md mninknc md

a}pa{ neyd{}nnn e {dk}hptc dedpod}nk%

Aeacn|em mhap ca zpnba ydmdpd pd|tc}a}dcd

[}pa}donnchp dedpod}nkd zpdkdmde}d# h`{dpyb k

akd{}d et at ih{} pdacn|a}d% Akd{} iaz} a ih{} pdkt"

eh{kt} n md mhbetc Ycamnbnp Ae}h{nn# bnen{}ptc

=0 Iacnbde}tc [}pa}dondn Dedpod}nkd# Itemana zde}pt zphbhyapda

pdihpbdchp e mhbdentc lt{}nndn# {dktpn}nn n azppnn &ZPN[A.# f}}z


20/58

0: [DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

nemt{}pndn n neipa{}ptk}tpnn mne Pdzt`cnka Bhc"

mhya# e achktnteda {a ca Kheidpnea dedpod}nk

a pnchp pnydpaed Bpnn Edopd mne = azpncnd 0::9?$% e khe}dv}# bdenh"

eb k [}pa}dona dedpod}nk ze e 0::4 zpdyd"

mda h balhpapd a zphmtkndn ne}dped md dedpond

zpne pda`ncn}apda }dfenk a KD]"1 mne Kfnnet#

KD] Ehpm mne @cn# dv}nemdpda KD]"0 mne Kfn"net n bhmdpen|apda Kde}pacdn }dpbhdcdk}pnkd md

ca Ktkntpoaen# a{}idc ek} { a{notpd zd{}d 6:$

mne khe{tbtc ne}dpe%

Akdcdan h`ndk}nyd cd pdo{nb n e [}pa}dona

dedpod}nk ze e 0:1:# amnk balhpapda yhct"

btctn md zphmtkdpd a dedpondn dcdk}pnkd ca kde}pa"

cdcd at}hf}hed ze ca akhzdpnpda a ?: $ mne ed"

kd{n}ncd pnn% A{}idc# ze ca inedcd aetctn 0:1:#d{}d zcaeninka} n dv}nemdpda kazakn}nn {tbapd md

odedpapd a {n{}dbtctn dcdk}phdedpod}nk &mne zap}da

mpdaz} a En{}ptctn. ze ca 14:: B_==%

Dvak} akdcan h`ndk}ny c aydb mdla e [}pa"

}dona ze e aetc 0:0:# amnk dv}nemdpda kaza"

kn}nn {tbapd md odedpapd a {n{}dbtctn dcdk}phd"

edpod}nk &mne zap}da mpdaz} a En{}ptctn. ze ca

14:: B_% Mtz ktb {d bdenheda| e }dv}tc

[}pa}dondn ze e 0:0:# zt}dpda ne{}aca} zd ba"

ctc mpdz} ac En{}ptctn d{}d e zpd|de} md knpka ;4:

B_ &md ca KD]"1# KD]"0# KD]"Ehpm n# e}p"h

aetbn} b{tp# KFD Kh{}d}n.# kdda kd d{}d# e

bhm dynmde}# kt btc} ban ztne mdk} zt}dpda

md ypi=4% Mdkn# md{zpnemdb k h`ndk}nytc zphzt{== Achktnteda mctn Ycamnbnp AE]H[NN# bnen{}ptc nemt{}pndn n ne"ipa{}ptk}tpnn mne Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya ca Kheidpnea dedpod}nk a pnchppnydpaed Bpnn Edopd# Md|yhc}apda {dk}hptctn dedpod}nk n pdacn|apdazphndk}dchp neyd{}nnheacd e neipa{}ptk}tpa dedpod}nk a Pdzt`cnknn

Bhcmhya# :=%:=%0::9=4 Fh}ppd md Otydpetc Ep% >46 mne 01 atot{} 0::? zpnynem [}pa"}dona dedpod}nk a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya ze e aetc 0:0:# Ap}% =%1%0 A {d ydmda Kazn}hctc 0%;% Pdihpba n md|yhc}apda {hknac"dkhehbn"k mne Zcaetc md Aknten TD"Bhcmhya# zao% 11?: Cdod zpnynem ambnen{}papda n mdd}a}n|apda zphzpnd}nn zt`cnkd%

Zpne}pd akntencd khe{dkyde}d mne zap}da

at}hpn}nchp# {d etbp dca`hpapda zpnbdn ydp"

{nten a zphndk}tctn Cdonn kt zpnynpd ca dinkndea

dedpod}nk# kapd yned { echktna{k Cdoda zpnynem

?6 Khbn{na Eanheac zde}pt Ne}dopapd Dtphzdae a ih{} kpda} zpneMdkpd}tc Zpddmne}dctn Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya# Y% Yhphpene e a% 0::6&Bhen}hptc Hknac ep%>1(;=4 mne 0;%:4%0::6.% Khbn{na apd phctcmd a a{notpa khhpmheapda pdacn|pnn aeoalabde}dchp kapd mdpny mne

mhktbde}dcd n edcdodpncd bhcmh"khbten}apd &md}acnn zh} akkd{a}dzd f}}z Pazhp} a{tzpa nbzcdbde}pnn Zcaetctn md Aknten PB"TD 0::6www%ne}dopapd%ohy%bm(cd(Pazhp}Xa{tzpaXnbzcdbde}apnnXZcaet"ctnXmdXAk}ntenXTDX"XPBX0::6%zmi

khe{dpyapda dedpondn6:% Yapnae}a eht khened h

{dpnd md dvnoded kapd yhp {de{n`ncn|a at}hpn}ncd

ambnen{}pandn zt`cnkd chkacd# aodenn dkhehbnkn

n zdp{haedcd in|nkd% e ydmdpda a{notppnn khb"

za}n`ncn}nn {acd kt cdon{cana TD mne mhbdent#

zphndk}tc dca`hpa} a ih{} }pae{bn{ {zpd khe{tc}a"pd dvzdpnchp dtphzden% Amhz}apda zphndk}tctn md

cdod d{}d zpdkhen|a} zde}pt {dbd{}ptc N ac aetctn

0::>61%

[tzcnbde}ap# zde}pt kpdapda tedn ne{}n}t"

nn {}a}acd kt a}pn`tnn e mhbdentc dinkndedn dedp"

od}nk n {tp{dchp pdodedpa`ncd md dedpond# a ih{} dca"

`hpa} zphndk}tc Pdotcabde}tctn Aodendn zde}pt

Dinkndea Dedpod}nk &ADD.# kapd ya in einnea}#zh}pnyn} zpdydmdpnchp ap}%0> mne Cdoda dedpondn pd"

odedpa`ncd60# zpne pdhpoaen|apda Aodendn Eanh"

eacd zde}pt Khe{dpyapda Dedpondn%

]h}hma}# e {khztc zphbhypnn zphndk"

}dchp neyd{}nnheacd zde}pt dinknde dedpod}nk n

{tp{d pdodedpa`ncd# ka ne{}ptbde} nbzhp}ae} md

ineaeapd a akd{}hp zphndk}d# zd zapktp{tc }pnbd{"

}ptctn NN ac aetctn 0::> d{}d zcaeninka} kpdapdaIhemtctn md dinknde dedpod}nk% Kheihpb Pa"

zhp}tctn bdenhea} ae}dpnhp# bhmninkpn md{}nea}d

b`te}npnn {}aemapmdchp dyactpnn nbzak}tctn

a{tzpa bdmntctn yhp in ne}phmt{d zpne ehtc zph"

ndk} md cdod zpnynem zph}dkna bdmntctn# kapd ya

ekampa n kdpnedcd TD e akd{} mhbdent &Mnpdk"

}nya TD 0::1(=0(KD# 64(;;?(KDD n 0::1(=0(

KD n 64(;;?(KDD.%

e ydmdpda ne}doppnn kt znaa dedpod}nk

pdonheac mne kamptc Khbten}nn Dedpod}nkd#

hzdpa}hptc {n{}dbtctn md }pae{zhp} ac dedpondn

dcdk}pnkd Bhcmdcdk}pnka khe}net mdbdp{tpncd md

amdpapd ca Tenteda zde}pt Khhpmheapda ]pae{"

zhp}tctn Dedpondn Dcdk}pnkd &TK]D.# e ydmd"

pda }pdkdpnn {n{}dbtctn dcdk}phdedpod}nk ac pnn ca6: Cdoda Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya zpnynem khe{dpyapda dedpondn Ep%11;9"VNY mne 1;%:?%0::: &Bhen}hptc Hknac ac P%Bhcmhya ep%14?"14> mne

01%10%0:::.61 Kheihpb Pazhp}tctn a{tzpa nbzcdbde}pnn Zcaetctn md AkntenPB"TD 0::660 Cdoda dedpondn pdodedpa`ncd Ep% 19: mne 10%:?%0::?# zt`cnka} eBhen}hptc Hknac Ep% 10?"1;: ap} Ep< 44: ca 1?%:6%0::?


29/58

0>[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

{}aemapmdcd md iteknheapd {nekphen|a}d kt |hea

TK]D% Ka tpbapd a edohkndpnchp ztp}a}d kt pd"

zpd|de}aenn ]DPEA &hzdpa}hptc md {n{}db mne

N}acna. n ]pae{dcdk}pnka &hzdpa}hptc md {n{}db mne

Phbena.# {"a mdkn{ khe{}ptkna cnendn CDA =::

gY @cn [tkdaya# zpne kpdapda tetn khe{hp"nt# e kapd ya in nekct{ n %[% Bhcmdcdk}pnka%

e zdpnhama md pdidpne at ekdzt} ctkppncd md

khe{}ptknd a CDA 11: gY Icknt &Phbena.

Oh}d}n &Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya.# tpbem ka akd{}da

{ ind ineacn|a}d e aetc 0:1:% Ineaeapda cnendn

{d didk}tda| mne khe}tc pd{tp{dchp ineaeknapd acd

%[% Bhcmdcdk}pnka6;%

Aetc }pdkt} Otydpetc a azph`a} zphndk"}tc ehnn cdon kt zpnynpd ca dedpona dcdk}pnk6=% Cd"

oda ne}phmtkd ehn pdocdbde}pn acd znddn# md{}n"

ea}d {zhpnpnn khbzd}nndn zpne zpn{ba zpak}nknchp

kheod{}nhea}d# {zhpnpnn khbdptctn }pae{iphe}acndp

md dedpond dcdk}pnk n a{notppnn akkd{tctn ca znaa

dedpondn dcdk}pnkd% ]pd`tnd { bdenheb k ap"

bhen|apda cdon{candn kapd pdocdbdae}da| {dk}h"

ptc dcdk}phdedpod}nk kt zpneknznncd {n{}dbtctn mdmpdz} ac TD iakd zap}d mne}p"te zphkd{ ban dv}ne{

md apbhen|apd a cdon{candn eanheacd kt akqtn{"

tckhbten}ap# cae{a} ca enydctc Zapcabde}tctn n

Otydpetctn e kamptc nbzcdbde}pnn aeoala"

bde}dchp Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya a zphbn{ntenchp

a{tba}d ca {dbeapda Zcaetctn md Aknten TD "

Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya%

]h}tn# et zt}db }pdkd kt ydmdpda ka te

{d} md aeoalabde}d eda{tba}d ek# md dvdbzct

e kdda kd zpnyd}d b`te}npda }pae{zapdedn#

{notpaedn n {dktpn}nn pddcdn md }pae|n} a oa|d"

chp ea}tpacd% Ztek}dcd md pdkdznheapd"cnypapd a

oa|dchp zde}pt P% Bhcmhya at pba{ ca enydctc

kdchp mne zdpnhama {hynd}nk n {d aic zd }dpn}h"

pntc Tkpanedn% [A Bhcmhya"Oa|# md iaz}# et

apd akkd{ ca akd{}d khe}hapd# ma}dcd md{zpd cnypapda

6; A {d ydmda Pazhp} a{tzpa nbzcdbde}pnn Zcaetctn md AkntenPB"TD 0::6 www%ne}dopapd%ohy%bm(cd(Pazhp}Xa{tzpaXnbzcdbde"}apnnXZcaetctnXmdXAk}ntenXTDX"XPBX0::6%zmi6= Zphndk} md cdod kt zpnynpd ca dedpona dcdk}pnk< www%zapcabde}%bm(mhwecham(mpai}{(de(01%0::>%mhk

oa|dchp innem }pae{bn{d md pdzpd|de}ann Eai}a"

oa|"Tkpanea zpne }dcdihe {at zh}a dcdk}phenk%

Zh}pnyn} ban btc}hp dvzdpn# ma}dcd itpen|a}d {te}

azphvnba}nyd# kfnap emhndcenkd# map {te} akkdz"

}a}d md khemtkdpda [A Bhcmhya"Oa|% e 0:::#

Bnen{}dptc Dkhehbndn n Pdihpbdchp a zpd|de}a}Otydpetctn te zphopab md azphyn|nheapd kt oa|d

a pdzt`cnknn n md khe}hpn|apd a baon{}pacdchp md

mn{}pn`tnpd64# pdkteh{kem k cnz{a tetn bdka"

en{b `ned alt{}a} md azphyn|nheapd# dynmde n

akfn}apd a zcnchp zde}pt khe{tbtc md oa|d ea"

}tpacd a kpda} khemnnn iayhpa`ncd zde}pt a`t|tpn

n mdcaznmpn md zphzhpnn# iaz} kd a zpdltmnkna}

dehpb a}} `tod}tc {}a}tctn# k} n khe{tba}hpnn%Otydpetc a azph`a} zphopabtc# {}a`ncnem ka# e

pdonb md tpode# }ha}d oa|hmtk}dcd baon{}pacd#

ca ne}papda chp zd }dpn}hpntc pdzt`cnknn# { ind mh}a}d

kt khe}hapd# ka { {d }nd kt kdp}n}tmned kd kae}n"

}a}d md khb`t{}n`nc khe{tb pdonteda mne zap}da

mpdaz} n k} kda mne zap}da {}eo a En{}ptctn%

Mdn at }pdkt} azphazd 1: aen md a}tekn# khe}ha"

pdcd aa n et at ih{} ne{}aca}d% Ban btc} ka a}}#kheihpb Pazhp}tctn Bnen{}dptctn Aiakdpnchp Dv"

}dped n Ne}doppnn Dtphzded zde}pt aetc 0::?69

ca kazn}hctc 0%96?# et {te} {zdkninka}d edkd{n}n

{tzcnbde}apd md khe}hpn|apd# ma} innem iaz}tc k

md`n}dcd md oa|d kapd }paydp{da| }dpn}hpntc Pdzt"

`cnknn Bhcmhya {te} cta}d ca dynmde ca {}ana md

b{tpapd ]hkt|"}dpn}hpntc PB# Acdvddyka n Hp"

chyka Tkpanea &e zpd|dea pdzpd|de}ae}tctn [A

Bhcmhyaoa|.%

Pddata dvn{}de} md oa|hmtk}d baon{}pa"

cd et a{notp e{ h {dktpn}a}d dedpod}nk a Pdzt"

`cnknn Bhcmhya% Nmde}ninkapda n ekdzt}tc nbzcd"

bde}pnn hzntenchp md pdihpbapd zde}pt pddata

md oa|d ea}tpacd &}pae|n}. pbed te {t`ndk}

64 ]tmhp Nakdekh# Khpedcna Kh|heak# Ya{ncd [p`t# Bhcmhyayemt} zd `tkdcd Khekdpetctn pt{ Oa|zphb &NN.# neyd{}noandltpeacn{}nk# f}}z


30/58

;: [DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

{de{n`nc< itpen|apda md oa|d zpne oa|hmtk}tc ba"

on{}pac Hmd{a"]npa{zhc"Kfnnet d{}d nbzh{n`nc#

e}ptk} }pdkd zpne pdonteda {dzapa}n{} ]pae{en{"

}pna# khemtk}a P`ena"Kfnnet }pdkd zpne |hed

kt pn{k bapd md actedkpn md }dpde# kdda kd zted

e zdpnkhc cnyppncd7 zh{n`ncn}a}da khe{}ptnpnn oa|h"mtk}tctn baon{}pac Mphkfna"Teofden"Nan d{}d e

zphkd{ md dvabneapd% Mtz zpdpda ltpeacn}nchp

md neyd{}noand# pdacn|apda akd{}hp zphndk}d a ih{} n

d{}d }dponydp{a}# a}} mne kat|a cnz{dn bnlchakdchp

ineaeknapd# k} n mne edmhpnea Oa|zphb"tctn

md a zap}nknza ca khe{}ptkna chp% Md dvdbzct#

khe{}ptnpda oa|hmtk}tctn baon{}pac Mphkfna"Te"

ofden"Nan tpba { ind pdacn|a} ek e aenn 0::;"0::= md k}pd Bhcmhyaoa|%

Md a{dbdeda# bd}hma {dcdk}a} zde}pt

{hctnheapda pd{}aedchp ca zcn e {dk}hptc {dk"

}hptctn dcdk}phdedpod}nk# }dpbnk n md oa|d ea}t"

pacd et a ih{} tea {}pa}donk n }hkban zh}pnyn}%

Ca inedcd aetctn 0::6# Zapcabde}tc Pdzt`cnknn

Bhcmhya a yh}a} pd{}ptk}tpapda n aetcapda ma}h"

pnnchp tehp e}pdzpnemdpn mne {dk}hptc dedpod}nkia md Bnen{}dptc Ineaedchp# Bhcmhya"Oa| n

Bhcm}pae{dcdk}ph% At}hpnn nenna}nydn ma}d at {zd"

ktca} kt iaz}tc k amhz}apda akd{}dna d{}d hzhp"

}te zde}pt a dv}nemd kazakn}ncd md odedpapd a

dedpondn dcdk}pnkd n bhmdpen|apda t}ncaltctn dvn{"

}de}% Zh}pnyn} at}hpnchp Dtphbhen}hp ep% 1; mne

a% 0::6# d{}d opdt md kpd|t} k a{dbdeda ihpbd

md {tzhp} zh} { an` kapdya didk}d dkhehbnkd

zh|n}nyd# et b`te}d}d e bhm itemabde}ac

kcnba}tc neyd{}nnheac# e {kfnb` {t`bneda| mn{"

knzcnea in{kac66%

Te kazn}hc nbzhp}ae} kapd kdpd a}dena

at}hpn}nchp d{}d iaz}tc k et a ih{} zh{n`nc#

zdp }h}ac# pdacn|apda tetn Zcae md Aknten pdacn{}

zde}pt {zhpnpda dinkndedn dedpod}nkd# ne}de{nink"

pnn t}ncn|pnn pd{tp{dchp pdodedpa`ncd md dedpond n

66 Nbzcdbde}apda pdihpbdchp nenna}d kheihpb Zcaetctn md AkntenTD"PB% Dyactapda zphopd{tctn e zdpnhama hk}hb`pnd"mdkdb`pnd0::6 (Dtphbhen}hp ep% = &1;.# dmnna a NNN"a# f}}z%

ZATDB a dvznpa} mdla# map zpdydmdpncd

akd{}tn mhktbde} pbe a in nb`hcmtc zpneknzac

zde}pt zphkd{tc md alt{}apd a {dk}hptctn dedpod}nkca dvnodedcd dtphzded% Akd{} zphkd{ md alt{}apd

d{}d zpdy|t} n md [}pa}dona Dedpod}nk>: a Pd"

zt`cnknn Bhcmhya ze e aetc 0:0:# akkde}dcd

nbzhp}ae}d innem zt{d zd apbhen|apda cdon{candn#

mnydp{ninkapda {tp{dchp md azphyn|nheapd kt dedpond

n ne}dpkhedk}apda kt pddcd dedpod}nkd acd pnchp

dtphzded% Mdn Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya a pdtn} { {d

azphznd md Tenteda Dtphzdae e tpba nbzcd"bde}pnn ZATDB# e kdda kd zpnyd}d tedcd a{"

zdk}d# mtz zpdpda eha{}p# }nbz md ; aen# kca{a

zhcn}nk et a mdbhe{}pa} khe{dkyde e akntencd

{acd% D{}d edkd{ap ka zpdydmdpncd ZATDB# emdh"

{d`n zd mnbde{nteda dkhehbnk &dedpod}nk.# {

ind nbzcdbde}a} et mhap zd fp}nd# map n zpak}nk%

Aamap# zphopd{tc bhmdpa} pdacn|a} md Pdzt`cnka

Bhcmhya e {dk}hapdcd"kfdnd ed a}denheda| kd }nbztc ka at}hpn}ncd { mdzda{k kamptc md"

kcapannchp kh}nmnded zph"dtphzded n { kheinpbd

k e P% Bhcmhya dvn{} h yhne zhcn}nk pdac md

ne}dopapd n h kazakn}a}d ambnen{}pa}ny md khhp"

mheapd zd zcae ne}dpe a akntenchp hpnde}a}d {zpd

nbzcdbde}apda {}aemapmdchp dtphzded%

6> Akd{} a{zdk} a ih{} dynmdena} n e [}tmntc Zcaetc md AkntenTenteda Dtphzdae Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya ka dvabde md kazakn}a}dzde}pt Otydpe< {kpddeneo"tc nbzcdbde}pnn zpnn dkhehbnkd# Kfnn"et 0::6# f}}z: [}pa}dona Dedpod}nk a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya d{}d te mhktbde}e kapd {d aeacn|da| {n}tana e khbzcdvtc dedpod}nk n {d zphzte{hctnn zde}pt a{notpapda kt dedpond e ehncd khemnnn md md|yhc}apd apdzt`cnknn ka {}a} nemdzdemde}# kt hpnde}apd {zpd amdpapda ca TentedaDtphzdae n khhzdpapd kt {}a}dcd K[N n pncd }dpd%


31/58

;1[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

0% 1 Ac}dpea}nyd oa|tctn pt{d{k

0%1% 1 Aeacn|a zh{n`ncn}nchpn ayae}aldchp zap}nknzpnnPdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya cazphndk}tc zaehkknmde}acEa`tkkh

Kd d{}d Ea`tkkh8

Ea`tkkh d{}d te zphndk} dtphzdae# kapd#

{nbzcn{} yhp`nem# zpd{tzted kpdapda tetn oa|hmtk}

kapd ya zhpen md ca Bapda Ka{znk n ya hkhcn Idmd"

pana Pt{ &a {d ydmda }pa{dtc oa|hmtk}tctn Ea`tk"

kh e inotpa 1.% Tenteda Dtphzdae# map n e}pdao

Dtphz {te} mdzdemde}d md Idmdpana Pt{ e kdda

kd zpnyd}d a{notpapda kt oa|d ea}tpacd% Mdzdemde"

a md nbzhp}tc md dedpond d{}d tea mne zpneknzacdcd

zph`cdbd acd Tentenn Dtphzded% Hinknacnn TD {te}

eopnlhpan md kpd}dpda mdzdemdedn dedpod}nkd &zd"

}phc n oa|d ea}tpacd.# kapd a|n akhzdp azphvnba}ny

;:$ md nbzhp} md dedpond mne Pt{na n akd{} zph"

kde} zha}d kpd}d zd }dpbde bdmnt# alteoem# mtz

tedcd d{}nbpn# ca enydctc md ?:$%

Inotpa 1< ]pa{dtc oa|hmtk}tctn Ea`tkkh>1

>1 Ea`tkkh Oa{ Znzdcned Zphldk}% f}}z0 Oa|hmtk}tc ya }pdkd zpne ]tpkna# Phbena#% @tcoapna# Teoapnan At{}pna# md temd {d yhp zt}da ne}dpkhedk}a n ac}d pn mne DtphzaKde}pac n md Yd{}>; Zh}pnyn} {n}d"tc hknac ac oa|hmtk}tctn Ea`tkkh< f}}z


32/58

;0 [DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

md }pae{zhp}apd n dn yhp in akdn kapd yhp mdknmd md

temd aetbd ya zphyden oa|tc%

e iteknd md {n}tand# oa|dcd ea}tpacd yhp

zphyden mne Npae# Npag# A|dp`anlae n Ga|agf{}ae%

Khbzaenncd ne}dpd{a}d md khe{}ptnpda oa|hmtk}t"

ctn {te} @h}a{ &]tpkna.# P_D &Odpbaena.# HBY&At{}pna.# BHC &Teoapna.# @tcoapoa| &@tcoapna.

n ]pae{oa| &Phbena.% Zde}pt akd{} zphndk}# khe"

}pn`tna Phbendn {}a`ncn} nennac dpa md azphvn"

ba}ny 64: bncnhaed md dtph>=# zc}n`ncn e za}pt

aen%

Ayae}aldcd amdppnn ca Ea`tkkh%

Aeacn|a zh{n`ncn}nchp md amdpapd%

Ayae}altc zpneknzac kapd d{}d bdenhea}

n e [}pa}dona dedpod}nk a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya

ze e aetc 0:0: yn|da| te h`ndk}ny {}pa}donk e

khe{hcnmapda {}pa}dondn dedpod}nkd mnydp{ninkapda

ac}dpea}nydchp md azphyn|nheapd kt oa|d# nekct{ny

mne A{na Bnlchknd n Hpnde}tc Azphzna}%

Zpdktb ab bdenhea} n e kazn}hctc Nac akd{}tn {}tmnt# pddata dvn{}de} md oa|hmtk"

}d baon{}pacd et a{notp {dktpn}a}da dedpod}nk a

Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya% e aetc 1>>0>4# Kfnnetc#

zd {daba kptna pdyned zd{}d 4:$ mne khe{tbtc

md oa|d ea}tpacd mne Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya &bactc

mpdz} ac En{}ptctn.# {"a zhbden} ip oa|d mtz kd

at}hpn}ncd {dkd{nhen{}d md ca ]npa{zhc at `chka}

cnyppncd ekfn|em ph`ned}tc 09A n {t{zdemem

itpen|apda md oa|d zpne oa|hmtk}tc baon{}pac Hmd"

{a"]npa{zhc"Kfnnet% Mpdz} tpbapd# oa|hmtk}tc

khe{}ptn} ca inedcd aenchp 9:# e zpd|de} et ban

zha}d in ihch{n} ca kazakn}a}d bavnb% e id`pta"

pnd 0::4# mtz h zat| md 1; aen# {"a ekdpka}

pdctapda itpen|pnn md oa|d zpne akda{} khemtk}#

map# mtz 6 hpd md iteknheapd# ambnen{}pana md

ca ]npa{zhc a nbzt{ ekfnmdpda ph`ned}tctn>9%

>= Ea`tkkh &oa|hmtk}.< f}}z?# kt

cteonbda md >4 gb# kapd# zd ceo iaz}tc k ya

zdpbn}d pdacn|apda oa|ninkpnn a |dkn md chkacn}n#

ap tpba { zdpbn} balhpapda kt 0"; bcpm bd}pn

kt` a yhctbdchp aetacd md oa|d dvzhp}a}d zpne

}dpn}hpntc P% Bhcmhya {zpd Phbena%

Zde}pt mnydp{ninkapda a{notppnn kt pd{tp{ddedpod}nkd n pdmtkdpda mdzdemdedn md Pt{na# at

ih{} {}tmna}d zh{n`ncn}n md akfn|nnheapd a oa|dchp

mne A{na Kde}pac# Hpnde}tc Azphzna}# Aipnka md

Ehpm# Dtphza md Ehpm% Mtz zpdpda aeacn{}tctn

Nhe Zpdaka# pd|tc}a}dcd akd{}hp {}tmnn et at ih{}

ma}d zt`cnkn}nn# map {d zapd k et at ih{} khe"

yneo}hapd>6%

H zh{n`ncn}a}d md a dyn}a mdzdemdea md

Idmdpana Pt{ e kdda kd zpnyd}d oa|tc# zde}pt

Bhcmhya# ap in zpne h`nedpda akkd{tctn ca oa|tc

mne A{na Kde}pac% Ca te bhbde} ma}# akda{}a {d

ikda zh{n`nc zpne zap}nknzapda ca zphndk}tc Ea"

`tkkh# e}ptk} {d ydfnktca zh{n`ncn}a}da }pdkdpnn

khemtk}dn zpne Mh`phoda &Phbena.# kdda kd i"

kda zh{n`nc n khedk}apda P% Bhcmhya% ]h}tn# e

Phbena# oa|hmtk}tc ya }pdkd zpne |hea md Yd{}

>? Oa|hmtk}tc baon{}pac ]hkt|"Kneapn"Bdpden a ih{} eacn|a}#f}}z6 Nhe Zpdaka Bhcmhya pbed mdhkabma} ip ac}dpea}nyd ea{notpapda kt oa|d# f}}z


33/58

;;[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

n [tm"Yd{}# ca h mdzp}apd md kka% ?:: gb md fh"

}apdcd P% Bhcmhya n# mpdz} tpbapd# ae{dcd h`n"

edpnn ac}dpea}nydn ca oa|tc pt{d{k {te} bnenbd% Kt

}ha}d akd{}da# at}hpn}ncd bhcmhyded at mdkcapa}

zde}pt zpd{ md{zpd iaz}tc k Pdzt`cnka Bhcmh"

ya {d eydkneda| kt Phbena# kdda kd zdpbn}d {{zdpd ka ya in nekct{ e ehtc zphndk}# nap Kfnnet

{zdp ca {zpnlnetc @tktpd}ntctn e akda{} zph`cd"

b>>%

[hctna ap in md|yhc}apda ne}dpkhedvnten"

chp e}pd {n{}dbdcd md khemtk}d acd pnchp# map#

e ka|tc Phbendn a}apd ne}dpkhedvnten cnz{d{k%

e{# e kd b{tp apd P% Bhcmhya pd{tp{d ineae"

knapd zde}pt akhzdpnpda akd{}tn }nz md kfdc}tndcn8Hp# ban pde}a`nc ap in amdpapda ca zphndk}tc _fn}d

[}pdab# kapd d{}d te zphndk} kd zpd{tzted khe"

{}ptnpda tedn khemtk}d kapd ap tpba {a ind h pabn"

inkand a khemtk}dn @agt"]`ncn{n"Dp|tptb n kapd

ap zt}da }pae{zhp}a oa| a|dp zpne Odhpona k}pd

Phbena# Tkpanea n ac}d pn acd Dtphzdn Kde"

}pacd1::% Te apotbde} e iayhapda akd{}tna ap in

n dvn{}dea ne}dpkhedvntenchp e}pd {n{}dbdcd mdkhemtk}d acd P% Bhcmhya kt Tkpanea%

Md eh}a} k zphndk}tc _fn}d [}pdab a

ih{} zpd|de}a} Khbn{ndn Dtphzded md zpdbndptc

tkpanedae Ntcna ]nbhdegh# e naetapnd 0::6% Ca

bnlchktc ctenn bap}nd# e kamptc tedn kheidpned

ne}dpeanheacd md ca ]`ncn{n# pdzpd|de}aenn Odhp"

ondn# Tkpanedn n Khbn{ndn Dtphzded at alte{ ca

h edcdodpd zpnynem }pa{dtc oa|hmtk}tctn# {tp{dcd

md a{notpapd kt khb`t{}n`nc acd akd{}tna n ineae"

apda khe{}ptkndn% A{}idc# }pa{dtc khemtk}dn kt h

cteonbd md 1::: gb n te kh{} md bnenbtb 0

bcpm% T[M &kheihpb ac}hp d{}nbpn ban btc} md

= bcpm% T[M.# ap tpba { ekdaz e zhp}tc odhp"

onae Zh}n n { mtk ze e zdene{tca Kpnbdda# md

temd {d ya iakd khedvnted ca pddcdcd md khemtk}d

>> Pdzt cnka Bhcmhya ypda nekctmdpda Phbendn ne zphndk}tc Ea`tkkh# f}}z zpnynem nenndpda

edohkndpnchp a{tzpa zphndk}tctn Akhpmtctn e}pd

Otydpetc Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya n Otydpetc Pd"

zt`cnknn Ga|af{}ae zpnynem khca`hpapda e mhbd"

enncd dedpod}nk n oa|h"zd}phcndp1:0 n Fh}ppda

1:1 N`nmdb1:0 FH]PPDEp% 100; zde}pt nenndpda edohkndpnchp a{tzpa zph"ndk}tctn Akhpmtctn e}pd Otydpetc Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya n Otydpetc

Pdzt`cnknn Ga|af{}ae zpnynem khca`hpapda e mhbdenncd dedpod}nk#zd}phcndp n md oa|d# mne :1%10%0:::# Zt`cnka} < :?%10%0::: e Bhen"}hptc Hknac Ep% 140FH]PPD Ep% 1;1> md{zpd nenndpda edohkndpnchp a{tzpa zph"ndk}tctn Akhpmtctn e}pd Otydpetc Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya n Otydpetc


34/58

;= [DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

md Otydpe E%100 zde}pt nenndpda edohkndpnchp

a{tzpa zphndk}tctn Akhpmtctn ne}dpotydpeabde"

}ac zpnynem khca`hpapda e mhbdentc dedpod}nk n

oa|h"zd}phcndp 1:;% Mdkn# md{zpnemdb k at}hpn}"

nchp md ca Kfnnet baenid{} ne}dpd{zpnynem kh"

ca`hpapda e mhbdentc dedpod}nk n oa|h"zd}phcndpkt {}a}dcd mne A{na kde}pac%

Oa| mne Ga|af{}ae

e kdda kd zpnyd}d oa|tc ea}tpac mne Ga"

|af{}ae# {"a d{}nba} k zpdtc {t mne akda{} ap

d{}d azphvnba}ny md 0 hpn ban bnk mdk} kdc zph"

ktpa} md ca Oa|zphb &ca 16: T[M(1::: b%k cafh}aptc kt Pt{na.# map }h} kt zpdctkpapd# }pae{zhp}

n a{notpapd akd{} zpd d{}d kt ;:";4$ ban ndi}ne

&01:"014 T[M(1::: b%k%. mdk} kdc akfn}a} Pt"

{ndn% e zpd|de}# PB ktbzp oa|d ea}tpacd md ca

[%A%P% Oa|zphb kt zpdtc md azphvnba}ny ;19"

;1? T[M(1::: b%k1:=% Ak}tacbde}d dvn{} hidp"

}d md zphktpapd a oa|dchp ea}tpacd mne Ga|af{}ae

ca zpdtpn ban lha{d# e{ et dvn{} zh{n`ncn}a}da}pae|n}pnn akd{}tna zd }dpn}hpnncd Pt{ndn n Tkpan"

edn% Kheihpb mdkcapandn zpnb"ynkdzpdbndptctn#

Bnen{}ptc Dkhehbndn n Khbdptctn# Nohp Mh"

mhe# mne 4 ntend 0::6 e zcdetc Zapcabde}tctn#

Otydpetc ne}denheda| { mn{kt}d akd{} {t`ndk}

kt pdzpd|de}aenn Pt{ndn n Tkpanedn n ya mdzted

}ha}d dihp}tpncd zde}pt h`nedpda zh{n`ncn}nn nb"

zhp}tctn md oa|d mne Ga|af{}ae# }pae|n}em Pt{na

n Tkpanea 1:4%

Pdzt`cnknn Ga|af{}ae zpnynem khca`hpapda e mhbdenncd dedpod}nk noa|h"zd}phcndp# mne :9%11%0::;# Zt`cnka}< 1=%11%0::; e Bhen}hptcHknac Ep% 009# ap}% Ep < 1;9>1:; FH]PPD Ep% 100 zde}pt nenndpda edohkndpnchp a{tzpazphndk}tctn Akhpmtctn ne}dpotydpeabde}ac zpnynem khca`hpapda emhbdentc dedpod}nk n oa|h"zd}phcndp# mne :?%:0%0::4# Zt`cnka}< 11%:0%0::4 e Bhen}hptc Hknac Ep% :0=# ap}% Ep< 1?:1:= Oa|dcd pt{d}n yhp alteod e Bhcmhya {zpd mnbnedaa |ncdn md01 naetapnd# Zhcn}ng# f}}z.


35/58

;4[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

e kd bhm# e{# ap zt}da in nbzhp}a}

oa|tc mne ]tpgbden{}ae8

[n}tana zpnynem nbzhp}tc md oa|d ea}t"

pacd mne ]tpgbden{}ae n T|`dgn{}ae d{}d zpak}nk

{nbncap kt akda mne Ga|af{}ae% e 0::9# bn"en{}ptc nemt{}pndn n neipa{}ptk}tpnn ac Pdzt`cnknn

Bhcmhya# Ycamnbnp Ae}h{nn# a mdkcapa} k {d mtk

edohkndpn n kt {}a}dcd kde}pac a{na}nkd zpnynem kh"

ca`hpapda dedpod}nk% ]h}hma}# bdenheb k

]tpgbden{}aetc n"a aetea} mn{zhen`ncn}a}da md

a cnypa oa|d ea}tpacd PB# etban k pbed ed"

pd|hcya} zph`cdba }pae|n}tctn zd }dpn}hpntc Id"

mdpandn Pt{d1:>

% e khe}dv}# }h} Ycamnbnp Ae}h{nna mdkcapa} k dvn{} h edcdodpd e K[N ka }ha}d

pncd { an` akkd{ ca akda{} khemtk} md }pae|n}

mne Idmdpana Pt{11:%

e akddan hpmned md nmdn# pdbapkb iaz"

}tc k e ehndb`pnd 0::?# e kamptc e}pdydmdpnn

zpdbndptctn Bhcmhydn Ya{ncd ]apcdy kt zpddmne"

}dcd ]tpgbdendn Otpàeotc @dpmbtfabdmhy#

md{itpa} ca Afaàm# e kamptc [tbbn}"tctndinchp md otydped mne K[N# {"a mn{kt}a} pdacn|apda

tehp zphndk}d khbted pdknzphk ayae}alha{d e mh"

bdentc dedpod}nknn# e {zdknac zphktpapda oa|dchp

ea}tpacd mne ]tpgbden{}ae# zpdktb n nekctmdpda

pnn eha{}pd e ehn pddcd baon{}pacd }pae{dtpha{n"

a}nkd md }pae{zhp}111%

Zph`cdba }pae|n}tctn md oa| ea}tpac

zd }dpn}hpntc Pt{ndn

e mhbdentc dedpod}nk# Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya d{}d

zap}d ca ban btc}d akhpmtpn {dbea}d kt {}a}dcd

K[N% Akd{}da e{ at ayt} zde}pt Pdzt`cnka Bhc"

1:> ]tpgbden{}ae n{ pdam~ }h edoh}na}d }fd ea}tpac oa{ {tzzc~ ihpBhcmhya# Neihbapgd}# :;%:1%0::9# f}}z>(11: Bhcmhya edohkna| kt Oa|zphb kt zpnynpd ca zpdtc oa|d"

chp# @@K# :=%:1%0::9# f}}z(

mhya# map n zde}pt ac}d {}a}d K[N# ban btc} h

nbzhp}ae mdkcapa}ny% Akhpmtc zpnynem zhcn}nka

khbte e mhbdentc }pae|n}tctn oa|tctn ea}tpac

mne ; ehndb`pnd 1>>4 &{dbea} md A|dpànmlae#

Apbdena# @dcapt{# Odhpona# Ga|af{}ae# Bhcmhya#

]amlngn{}ae# ]tpgbden{}ae# Tkpanea n Pt{na.110zpdym zphbhyapda tedn zhcn}nkn khhpmhea}d e

mhbdentc oa|dchp ea}tpacd# nekct{ny {d bdenh"

eda| k ca à|a ctn {}at zpneknznncd n ehpbdcd

]pa}a}tctn Kap}dn Dedpod}nkd mne 1? mdkdb`pnd

1>>=# zd kapd Idmdpana Pt{ pdit| n e zpd|de}

{"c pa}ninkd% Bh}nytc neyhka} d{}d k dc ap mtkd ca

cd|apda ne}dpd{dchp Pt{ndn n acd Oa|zphb# aetbd

ca khbzap}nbde}tc }pae|n} md oa|d# kdda kd apdcdo}tp mnpdk} kt iaz}tc k Oa|zphbtc mdned

khe}phctc mnpdk} {at nemnpdk} ac balhpn}nn pddcd"

chp md }pae{zhp} md oa|d mne [n`dpna n A{na Kde"

}pac e Dtphza%

Bdenheb iaz}tc k Akhpmtc zpdydmd ka

{}a}dcd {dbea}apd { a{notp }pae|n}tc cn`dp a pd"

{tp{dchp md oa| ea}tpac zpne oa|hmtk}dcd eanhea"

cd% ]h}hma}# oa|tc }pae|n}a} et zha}d in ihch{n}e ne}dpd{d zphzpnn n {}a}dcd zap}nknzae}d ca akd{}

Akhpm n nat aeoalabde}tc md a zpdyden n dvkct"

md mdkhedk}apda md ca {tp{a md oa|d a ac}hp {}a}d

bdb`pd n md a cd|a ne}dpd{dcd zphmtk}hpnchp md

oa|d ea}tpacd n md }pae|n} acd {}a}dchp bdb`pd%

Zap}nknzaenn ca Akhpm# md a{dbdeda# {d aeoalda|

{ et e}pdptz n { et pdmtk azphyn|nheapda kt

oa|d md }pae|n} e ka|tc tetn cn}nont e}pd zpn11;%

Mne dvzdpnde# h`{dpyb k Pt{na a {a`h}a}

akd{} Akhpm# kdda kd amtkd zpdltmnknn kdchpcac}d

{}a}d K[N# nekct{ny Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya%

110 # % ; 1>>4 # Aedva 011; Aedva 0


36/58

;9 [DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

0% 0 Dedpond pdodedpa`nc &ac}dpea"}nyd id|a`ncd oa|tctn# {kfnb`apdazphmt{dchp mne khtc dedpod}nk.

0%0%1 Aeacn|a dyhctndn t}ncn|pnnac}hp pd{tp{d dedpod}nkd mdk}oa|tc ea}tpac e Bhcmhya

e zhinma dihp}tpnchp mdzt{d# zpdktb

bdenheda| }dv}tc [}pa}dondn dedpod}nkd# {n}tana

e khbzcdvtc dedpod}nk khe}net a in }de{nhea}%

e zdpnhama aenchp 0:::"0::4# nbzhp}tc aetac

md dedpond dcdk}pnk {"a {}a`ncn} ca 0#= 0#9 bcpm%

g_f# pd{tp{dcd md oa|d ea}tpacd md{khzdpn}d e

azphzndpda {a}dchp \aoapaekda"Be|d}n"Teofden

md Lh{ {te} dztn|a}d# nap edkd{aptc md zphmt{d md

oa|d {d akhzdp mne nbzhp}% Zd }dpn}hpntc Pdzt`cn"

knn Bhcmhya {te} mn{zhen`ncd {tp{dcd md dedpond

pdodedpa`nc zpdktb< dedpona {hcap# dhcnae# fn"

mpatcnk# `nhba{a d}k% Zh}denactc akd{}hp pd{tp"

{d {d dyactda| ca =#:" }%k%k% n t}ncn|apda

akd{}tn zh}denac zha}d khe}pn`tn ca bnkhpapda

nbzhp}tctn md pd{tp{d dedpod}nkd%

Kapak}dpn{}nk zde}pt dedpod}nka Pdzt`cnknn

Bhcmhya d{}d cnz{a pd{tp{dchp dedpod}nkd zphzpnn#

kt dvkdzna tehp pd{tp{d bhmd{}d md `nhba{ n

fnmphdedpod}nkd yachpninka}d ca fnmphkde}pacdcd md

ca Mt`{apn n Kh{}d}n% e kdda kd zpnyd}d pd{tp"

{dcd dhcnded# kheihpb {}tmntctn md id|a`ncn}a}d11=

pdacn|a} md kdpkd}}hpn at}hf}hen# zd }dpn}hpntc pd"

zt`cnknn dvn{} md{}tcd |hed kt ye}tpn iayhpa`ncd

zde}pt iteknheapda dinknde} a ne{}acannchp dhcn"

ded% Kheihpb akdctnan {}tmnt# Pdzt`cnka Bhc"

mhya d{}d ca ekdzt} md kacd e kdda kd zpnyd}d

t}ncn|apda dedpondn {hcapd &e Bhcmhya {te} kka%

1=: md ne{}acann kt h {tzpaia }h}ac md 06:

.%

e kdda kd zpnyd}d kamptc cdon{ca}ny e

11= Z% ]hmh{# N% [h`hp# M% Teotpdaet# A% Kfnkntk# B% Zcdka Dedp"ond pdodedpa`nc% [}tmnt md id|a`ncn}a}d# Kfnnet Pdkcaba 0::0

mhbdentc pd{tp{dchp pdodedpa`ncd# e 0::? a ih{}

azph`a} Cdoda kt zpnynpd ca dedpona pdodedpa`n"

c114# h`ndk}tc kpdna c khe{}n}tnd kamptc ltpnmnk

md iteknheapd a {dk}hptctn dedpondn pdodedpa`ncd#

pazhp}tpncd {hknacd n dkhehbnkd kapd {d khe{}n}tnd

e zphkd{tc yachpninkpnn {tp{dchp pdodedpa`ncd mddedpond# bhmacn}ncd md hpoaen|apd a zphmtkd"

pnn n khbdpknacn|pnn dedpondn n khb`t{}n`nctctn

pdodedpa`ncd% Kheihpb {}pa}donnchp bdenhea}d

ae}dpnhp# ze e a% 0:0: {d mhpd}d balhpapda

kh}dn {tp{dchp pdodedpa`ncd md dedpond e `ncaetc

dedpod}nk ze ca 14"0:$% Zphyhkapda balhp e

akd{} mhbdent pbed a in yachpninkapda {tp{dchp

md dedpond# kapd {d aic ca d}aza md mdbapapd%

0%0%0 Dedpond a}hbnk Kapd {te} zpneknzacdcd ayae}ald acd dedpondn etkcdapd8# f}}z naetapnd 0::?< 44#9$ @dcona# ==#1 $ @tc"

oapna# ;?#0$ Teoapna# ;0#>$ Inecaema# ;1#1$

Odpbaena# =>$ Tkpanea# 14#6$ Pt{na# 49$

[chyakna# =0$ [chydena# 16$ Phbena &19$ mne

dcdk}pnkn}a}da bhemnac d{}d zphmt{ md kde}pacdcd

etkcdaph"dcdk}pnkd.101% p%

0%0% ; Zh}denactc dedpod}nkdhcnae ac Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya

H {tp{ nedztn|a`nc md dedpond d{}d kda

a ye}tctn &dhcnae.# kapd zha}d in ihch{n} a}} ca

10: Dedpona etkcdap e Phbena# NBB Phbena# f}}z


39/58

;>[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

zphmtkdpda dedpondn dcdk}pnkd# k} n ca bhppn}%

e 1>:1 e @a{apa`na dvn{}at 90:6100% bhpn md

ye}# kapd at ih{} mn{}pt{d mtz kdc md"ac mhncda

p|`hn bhemnac% e aenn 4: an {dkhctctn }pdkt}# e

Bhcmhya iteknheat kka% ;4: ne{}acann dcdk}pnkd

dhcnded kt yn}d| pdmt{ }nz Phbaen# kapd atiteknhea} md{}tc md dinknde} ze e aenn 9:# in"

nem {t`{}n}tn}d zpne zhbzd dcdk}pnkd10;% ]h}tn# e

zpd|de}# dedpona dhcnae et d{}d yachpninka}%

[d khe{nmdp pde}a`nc yachpninkapda dedp"

ondn dhcnded e ka|tc e kapd yn}d|a bdmnd a ye"

}tctn d{}d md ="4 b({dk# nap e Bhcmhya akda{}

yn}d| d{}d md ;"4 b({dk% Mne akd{} khe{nmdpde}#

zt}db {zted k P% Bhcmhya apd te zh}denac mddedpond dhcnae pdca}ny bapd% Md a{dbdeda# mne

{}tmntc md id|a`ncn}a}d zpnynem nbzcdbde}apda e

P% Bhcmhya a dedpondn dhcnded10=# {d apa} k zd

zapktp{tc aenchp 1>>:"1>>> yn}d|a zpdzhemdpde}

a ye}tctn a ih{} ktzpne{ e}pd ;"? b({dk# yn}d|

ca kapd balhpn}a}da adphodedpa}hapdchp bhmdped

zh} iteknhea%

e kamptc ca`hpa}hptctn md [tp{d Pdoded"pa`ncd md Dedpond a Kde}ptctn Tenydp{n}ap DEDP"

OND zct{ a Tenydp{n}nn ]dfenkd a Bhcmhydn# {d

didk}tda| mnydp{d {}tmnn kapd hidp aeacn|a zh}de"

nactctn {tp{dchp md dedpond pdodedpa`nc mne P%

Bhcmhya n bd}hmdcd md yachpninka}d acd akd{}hpa%

e akd{} {de{# a ih{} dca`hpa} fap}a zh}denactctn

dedpod}nk dhcnae ac P% Bhcmhya104 kapd zha}d {dpyn

mpdz} pdzdp zde}pt dynmdendpda n azpdkndpda ynn"

}hapdchp abzca{abde}d a adphodedpa}hapdchp%

Kheihpb akdctnan {}tmnt# e P% Bhcmh"

ya {te} khemnnn iayhpa`ncd md }pae{zhp} n akkd{

ip bapn kfdc}tndcn ca pddata dcdk}pnk zt`cnk#

kdda kd zdpbn}d mnbnetapda ca kpdapda kde}pacd"

chp dhcnded% Kheihpb fpnn mn{zhen`ncd e akd{}

{}tmnt# {te} dynmdena}d tpb}hapdcd }dpn}hpnn md

100 B# B}kt# Y% [hkfnpk# Odhopaa tbae a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmh"

ya% Baetac zde}pt kca{a a NV"a# Kfnnet 0::;10; Y% Dpbtpa}{kfn # Dkhehbna# dedpod}nka# khe{dpyapda dedpondn#Kfnnet 0::410= Z% ]hmh{# N% [h`hp# M% Teotpdaet# A% Kfnkntk# B% Zcdka# hz% kn}104 N`nmdb# z%;9

zdp{zdk}ny zde}pt abzca{apda adphodedpa}hapd"

chp< ecnbncd ]nofdkntctn# ecnbncd En{}pded#

khcnedcd Kntctktctn# ecnbncd zhmntctn kde}pac

ac Bhcmhydn zpdktb n h te zap}d mne }dpn}hpntc

mdctph{ mne ltmddcd Kaftc n ]apakcna%

Ihch{npda ne{}acannchp dhcnded zde}pt zph"mtkdpda dedpondn dcdk}pnkd d{}d kda ban didk}ny

bhmacn}a}d md t}ncn|apd a dedpondn ye}tctn% Ac}d

{}tmnn109 e mhbdent apa} k mn{}pn`tna aetac

a pamnandn {hcapd n yn}d|dn ye}tctn zd }dpn}hpntc

P% Bhcmhya d{}d iayhpa`nc t}ncn|pnn ne{}acannchp

fn`pnmd fdcnhdhcnded e kacn}a}d md {tp{d at}heh"

bd md dedpond dcdk}pnk% Dvzdpnn e mhbdent md

a{dbdeda at pdacn|a} n aeacn|a kh{}"`dedinknt ekdda kd zpnyd}d t}ncn|apda dedpondn dhcnded% Zh}pn"

yn} kacktcdchp md zpdid|a`ncn}a}d10? a tedn dyde}ta"

cd kde}pacd dhcnded# {d mdbhe{}pda| k ca }apnidcd

ak}tacd zde}pt dedpona dcdk}pnk# zphmtkdpda dedp"

ondn dcdk}pnkd dhcnded et d{}d pde}a`nc% Map #mak

nekctmdb e }apnitc md cnypapd n kh{}tc {t`yde"

nnchp# a}tekn dedpona dhcnae khektpda| kt kda

ih{nc% H dyde}tac kde}pac dhcnae kt zt}dpdane{}aca} md 0 B_ ya zphmtkd aetac knpka 4#14

bce% g_f dedpond dcdk}pnk% Ca te }apni {}a`ncn}

md cnypapd a dedpond dcdk}pnkd k}pd pddcdcd md mn{"

}pn`tnd md :#:44 (g_ &:#64 BMC.# }dpbdetc

md pdktzdpapd a neyd{}nnnchp {d d{}nbda| ca ?#=

aen# nap pde}a`ncn}a}da zphmtkdpnn dedpond dcdk}pnk

dhcnded ya in md 10 $%

Yachpninkapda dedpondn dhcnded e P% Bhc"

mhya ya hidpn khe{tba}hpnchp md dedpond dhcnae

h bnk nemdzdemde ia md nbzhp}tc md dedpond

dcdk}pnk n aodenn dedpod}nkn% Te ac} didk} {hknac

ap in kdc md {de{n`ncn|apd a hznendn zt`cnkd kt zpn"

ynpd ca hkph}npd a bdmntctn ab`nae} n({at md a

khe{tba panheac pd{tp{dcd dedpod}nkd%

Md a{dbdeda# dedpod}nka dhcnae ya kpda

n chktpn md btek% Zh}pnyn} d{}nbpnchp A{hknandn

109 K% Ott# A% Ott# B% Kfnhp{ak# [n{}dbdcd dcdk}phodedpa}hapdfn`pnmd fdcnh"dhcnded e khemnnncd Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya# pdidpa}10? N% [h`hp# D{}d dedpona pdodedpa`nc ban {ktbz8 KheidpneaNe}dpeanheac md dedpond mne Bhcmhya# Kfnnet 0::4


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=: [DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

Dtphzded md Dedpond Dhcnae# md pdotc# h kaza"

kn}a}d md dedpond dhcnae md 1B_ kpdda| chktpn

md btek zde}pt 14"1> zdp{haed106% Zd ceo

akda{}a# echktnem h zap}d mne dedpona dcdk}pnk

zphmt{ ca kde}pacdcd }dpbhdcdk}pnkd kt dedpond

zphmt{ md ye}# {d ya pdmtkd nbzhp}tc aetac mdkhb`t{}n`ncn ih{ncn kt 060 bnn }hed md khb`t{}n"

`nc ih{nc kheydenheac# kdda kd {d ya neictdea md h

baendp zh|n}ny opamtc md {dktpn}a}d dedpod}nk a

{}a}tctn# mtz zpdpda at}hpnchp {}tmntctn Dedp"

ond pdodedpa`nc% [}tmnt md id|a`ncn}a}d%

0%0%= Zh}denactc dedpod}nk

{hcap ac Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya

Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya d{}d {n}ta} e}p"h

|he kt ictv bhmdpa} md dedpond {hcap# e kapd

etbptc aetac md hpd kt {hapd d{}d md azphvnba"

}ny 00:: hpd% e Bhcmhya dvn{} khemnnn dv}pdb

md iayhpa`ncd zde}pt ihch{npda dedpondn {hcapd< ict"

vtc bdmnt aetac md dedpond {hcap zd 1 zd

{tzpaiaa hpn|he}ac khe{}n}tnd kka =94:BL {at

106: g_f &1#1 Okac.7 e ka|tc t}ncn|pnn mdzcn"

ed a pamnandn {hcapd md zd 1 n {t`{}n}t"

nem khb`t{}n`nctc hpoaenk# zt}db dkhehbn{n kdc

ztne :#14 }hed md khb`t{}n`nc kheydenheac zd

ae10>%

[n{}dbdcd md ekc|npd {hcap zh} mdyden

pdacn}a}d mak yhp in kpda}d khcdk}hapd ndi}ned n din"

knde}d md dedpond {hcap n aktbtca}hapd {d|hend"

pd md kcmtp# kd ap zdpbn}d aktbtcapda dedpondn

{hcapd e zdpnhama kacm n cnypapda dn e zdpnhama

pdkd% e Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya {n{}dbdcd kt aktbt"

ca}hapd {d|hendpd md kcmtp ap zt}da in azcnka}d e

à|a à|nedchp ea}tpacd md az kt n|hcapd }dpbnk

yapna`nc n kbz md khemtk}hapd# kapd ap }pae{"

ihpba dedpona {hcap e kcmtp%

]h}tn# kda ban bapd p{zemnpd h at ne"106 Z% ]hmh{# N% [h`hp# M% Teotpdaet# A% Kfnkntk# B% Zcdka# hz% kn}10> Y% Dpbtpa}{kfn hz% kn}

{}acanncd fdcnh}dpbnkd% e Bhcmhya# zd zapktp{tc

tedn |ncd e{hpn}d h a{}idc md ne{}acand a{notp e"

kc|npda a 4:"1:: cn}pn md az ca }dbzdpa}tpa 14"

0:K ze ca =4"1::K% Akd{} }nz md ne{}acann

pbed a in te }pae{ihpba}hp zpdmhbneae} md

dedpond {hcap e Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya% Mtpa}a mddvzcha}apd dinknde} a ne{}acannchp md ekc|npd a

azdn khe{}n}tnd knpka ? cten< e zdpnhama 14 bap"

}nd"14 hk}hb`pnd# a{}idc {d zha}d iakd zh{n`nc a{n"

otpapda bnenbtctn edkd{ap md az kacm e akd{}d

cten%

Nbzcdbde}apda e Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya

a ne{}acannchp md t{kapd a iptk}dchp# cdotbdchp n

zcae}dchp bdmnkneacd ap zdpbn}d et mhap dkheh"bn{npda {tp{dchp ih{ncd md dedpond# map n dyn}apda

zndpmdpnchp md iptk}d n cdotbd ma}hpn} khe{dpy"

pnn paznmd ca chktc md zphmtkdpd% Kt k} d{}d ban

bapd mtpa}a md dvzcha}apd a ne{}acandn md ekc|n"

pd a azdn zd zapktp{tc tetn ae# kt a}} ban bapd

ya in pde}a`ncn}a}da% H ac} zpak}nk d{}d t}ncn|a"

pda dedpondn {hcapd zde}pt ekc|npda ekzdpnchp#

{dpdchp# t{k}hpnnchp% [dpdcd {hcapd kt ne{}acann mdaktbtcapd a kcmtpnn zh} iteknhea e khemnnncd

Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya aetc bzpdltp# a{}idc a{not"

pem h dkhehbn{npd md 9:$ md khb`t{}n`nc1;:%

Kdcd ban md|yhc}a}d }dfehchonn md khe"

ydp{nd a dedpondn {hcapd n ban zd capo ihch{n}d {te}% Te

ac} mhktbde} kd {d pdidp ca {tp{d pdodedpa`ncd# e

{zdknac ca `nhba{# d{}d [}pa}dona dedpod}nk a PBze e aetc 0:0:%

Neyd{}nnncd kazn}acd e zphndk}apda n khe"

{}ptkna ne{}acannchp md `nhoa| {te} md{}tc md bapn#

kka :#91 1#=6 T[M(b;1=:% Dynmde} k akd{} zpd

d{}d md{}tc md kh{}n{n}hp a}} zde}pt idpbndpn# k} n

zde}pt {dk}hptc khbteac% e akd{} ka|# zap}nknza"

pda {}a}tctn {at a}paodpda tehp neyd{}nnn {}pned e

akd{} mhbdent ap in hzhp}te# kdda kd ap mtkd camnbnetapda zpdtctn pdac ac dedpondn% e pd|tba}#

zphin}a`ncn}a}da zphkd{dchp md }pa}apd a pd|nmttpnchp

d{}d mdinen} e doac b{tp md k}pd mdkn|nncd zh"

cn}nkd n {hctnncd neonedpd}n%

Dvn{}a hzhp}ten}n md a {zhpn d{denac t}n"

cn|apda `nhba{dn# e{ ip h ineaeapd {tzcnbde"

}ap et d{}d zh{n`nc { {d epdon{}pd|d zphopd{d e

mnpdkna zphmtkdpnn `nhoa|tctn mne mddtpn% Hpnkd{zpnlne ineaeknap zde}pt ne{}acanncd md zphmtkdpd a

`nhdedpondn ap }pd`tn { {d akhpmd# neemt"{d khe}

md dinkndea akd{}hpa# md yachapda amtoa} zde}pt

khbten}ncd ptpacd n kdcdcac}d ayae}ald dkhehbnkd

n dkhchonkd hidpn}d md ne{}acanncd e kat|% A{}idc#

Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya }pd`tnd { zphin}d mne zcne md

zap}dedpna}tc kt @aeka Bhemnac n Ihemtc Dkh"

chonk Ochàc e kamptc tetn zphndk}"znch}# kapd ap

zphbhya ihch{npda dedpondn pdehya`ncd mne mddtpn

aopnkhcd% Akd{}a d{}d te zpnb za{ ca azcnkapda a{}idc

md }dfehchonn# edt}pd ca dbn{nncd oa|dchp kt didk}

md {dp n }h}acbde}d eht zde}pt Pdzt`cnka Bhc"

mhya# kapd ap zt}da in nbzcdbde}a} kt {tkkd{ n zd

ynn}hp%1;> CDOD Ep% 19: mne 10%:?%0::? kt zpnynpd ca dedpond pdodedpa"`nc# zt`cnka} e Bhen}hptc Hknac Ep% 10?"1;: mne ?%:6%0::?# ap}Ep < 44:Ap}% 9 `. a{notpapda# ze e aetc 0:1:# a zphmtkdpnn tetn ktae}tb md9$ md dedpond mne {tp{d pdodedpa`ncd mne yhctbtc dedpondn zphyden}dmne {tp{d }pamnnheacd n a tetn ktae}tb md 0:$ " ze e aetc 0:0:1=: Zd}pt ]hmh{# [tp{d pdodedpa`ncd md dedpond e Pdzt`cnka Bhc"mhya< pdacn}n n zdp{zdk}nyd# Tenydp{n}a}da ]dfenk mne Bhcmhya%


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=;[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

e à|a {}tmntctn didk}ta}# ab mdmt{ k ne"

mt{}pna oa|tctn# innem h pabtpa {}pa}donk a

dkhehbndn eanheacd# md enydctc md|yhc}pnn

kpdna mdznemd {}a`ncn}a}da bakphdkhehbnk

n {dktpn}a}da dedpod}nk a pnn# d{}d e bnencd

bhehzhcn{}tctn pt{d{k [%A%P% Oa|zphb# P%

Bhcmhya zndp|em khe}phctc akd{}dn pabtpn% e

kdcd mne tpb# edkd{aptc md zphmt{d dedpod}nkd

d{}d akhzdpn} mne nbzhp}# zpneknzactc n tenktcitpen|hp md oa|d ea}tpacd innem zpdzhemdpde}

Idmdpana Pt{% ]h}hma}# Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya#

ikem kdmpn {zdk}aktcha{d Idmdpandn Pt{d# e

zpd|de} mdned zpofnn cnbn}a}d e }nbztc ed"

ohkndpnchp zpnynem zpdtc ca oa|tc nbzhp}a} md

[%A%P% Oa|zphb%

e kdda kd zpnyd}d nbzhp}tc md dedpond dcdk"

}pnk# khe{}a}b k mdkn|na md a nbzhp}a dedp"

ond dcdk}pnk md ca Kde}paca md ca Ktkntpoae

&Ne}dp PAH DD[ Ph{nn. apd ca à| khe{nmd"

pde}d zhcn}nkd n et dkhehbnkd {at ineaeknapd#

mdhapdkd PB a ayt} zphztedpda mne zap}da

Tkpanedn { ktbzdpd ktpde} dcdk}pnk ca te zpd

kt azphazd 1:$ ban bnk mdk} kdc hidpn} mdKde}paca dcdk}pnk md ca Ktkntpoae% Kt }ha}d

akd{}da# et {"a akkdz}a} hidp}a md ca Gndy# mne

bh}nyd mdhkabma} edkteh{kt}d%

e à|a aeacn|dn [}pa}donnchp dedpod}nkd acd

Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya &mne 1>>?# 0::: n

0::?.# alteodb ca khekct|na k at}hpn}ncd

bhcmhyded}n et mn{zte a|n md h yn|nted {}pa"

}donk kcap a{tzpa a{notppnn {dktpn}nn dedp"

od}nkd a pnn zd }dpbde cteo% A{}idc# aydb{n}tana kem {}pa}donncd dedpod}nkd acd PB et

{te} pdacn|a}d khbzcd}# map {te} abea}d%

e kdda kd zpnyd}d nbzak}tc amdppnn

Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya ca ]pa}a}tc Khbten}nn

Dedpod}nkd &]KD.# khe{}a}b k akda{}a zpd"

{tzted e bhm dynmde} `dedinknn# n aetbd"4:(414 mne

;1%:?%1>>?%

Fh}ppda Otydpetctn Pdzt`cnknn Bhc"4%

mhya Ep%;9: mne 11%:=%0::: kt zpn"

ynpd ca azphàpda [}pa}dondn dedpod}nkd a

Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya ze e aetc 0:1:#

Bhen}hptc Hinknac ac P%Bhcmhya ep%=0"

==(==; mne 0:%:=%0:::%

Fh}ppda Khe{ncntctn md Ambnen{}pand9%

ac AEPD zpnynem }apnidcd ca dedpond dcdk"

}pnk# ep%;:: mne ;:%:?%0::6# Bhen}hptcHinknac ep%1=:"1=0(=:0 mne :1%:6%0::6

Fh}ppd Ep% 100; zde}pt nenndpda ed"?%ohkndpnchp a{tzpa zphndk}tctn Akhpmtctn

e}pd Otydpetc Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya n

Otydpetc Pdzt`cnknn Ga|af{}ae zpnynem

khca`hpapda e mhbdenncd dedpod}nk#

zd}phcndp n md oa|d# mne :1%10%0:::#

Zt`cnka} < :?%10%0::: e Bhen}hptc

Hinknac Ep% 140%

Fh}ppd Ep% 1;1> md{zpd nenndpda ed"6%ohkndpnchp a{tzpa zphndk}tctn Akhpmtctn

e}pd Otydpetc Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya n

Otydpetc Pdzt`cnknn Ga|af{}ae zpn"

ynem khca`hpapda e mhbdenncd dedpod}nk

n oa|h"zd}phcndp# mne :9%11%0::;#

Zt`cnka}< 1=%11%0::; e Bhen}hptc

Hinknac Ep% 009# ap}% Ep< 1;9>%

Fh}ppd Ep% 100 zde}pt nenndpda ed">% ohkndpnchp a{tzpa zphndk}tctn Akhpmtctn

ne}dpotydpeabde}ac zpnynem khca`hpapda

e mhbdentc dedpod}nk n oa|h"zd}phcndp#

mne :?%:0%0::4# Zt`cnka} < 11%:0%0::4

e Bhen}hptc Hinknac Ep% :0=# ap}% Ep[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

dcdk}pnk azphà} md Otydpe n zpd|de}a}

Zapcabde}tctn &f}}z%mhk.7

Cdod kt zpnynpd ca dedpona dcdk}pnk Ep%1;%

1;?"VNY mne 1?%:>%>6 zt`cnka} e Bh"

en}hptc hinknac ac P% Bhcmhya ep% 111"11;(961 mne 1?%10%1>>67

]pa}a}tctn md khe{}n}tnpd a Khbten}nn1=%

Dedpondn# 0::4 &f}}z%

}tc Zhcn}nknn Dtphzded md Ydkne}a}d%

Pdacn|apda Zcaetctn md Aknten TD

Bhcmhya &id`ptapnd 0::4 naetapnd

0::6.# A{hknana zde}pt Mdbhkpand

Zap}nknza}nyAMDZ]# DVZDP]"OPTZ#

Kfnnet 0::6%

Pazhp} a{tzpa nbzcdbde}pnn Zcaetctn1:%

md Aknten PB"TD 0::6# Kfnnet

0::>%

Pazhp} ac Bnen{}dptctn Aiakdpnchp11%

Dv}dped n Ne}doppnn Dtphzded kt zpnynpd

ca nbzcdbde}apda ZATDB zd {dobde}tc

0%9 ]pae{zhp}# dedpond# }dcdkhbtenkann#

bdmnt# n kdpkd}pn# md|yhc}apd n nehya"nn# Kfnnet 0::?%


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4: [DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

Pazhp} kt zpnynpd ca ak}nyn}a}da Aodendn10%

Eanheacd zde}pt Zph}dkna Khektpdedn

e 0::?"0::6# Kfnnet 0::6

]% Nakdekh# K% Kh|heak# Y% [p`t#1;%

Bhcmhya yemt} zd `tkdcd

Khekdpetctn pt{ Oa|zphb &NN# NNN. #neyd{}noand ltpeacn{}nk# Kfnnet 0::?"

0::6

Y% Zphfenkfn# A% Hzptedekh# A% Zhza#1=%

H% Ctzae# A% Oabaelnn# A% Ctzthp#

Zcaetc md Aknten Tenteda Dtphzdae

Pdzt`cnka Bhcmhya ka dvabde md

kazakn}a}d zde}pt Otydpe< {kpddeneo"

tc nbzcdbde}pnn zpnn dkhehbnkd#Kfnnet 0::6

Z% ]hmh{# N% [h`hp# M% Teotpdaet# A%14%

Kfnkntk# B% Zcdka Dedpond pdodedpa"

`nc% [}tmnt md id|a`ncn}a}d# Kfnnet

0::0%

B# B}kt# Y% [hkfnpk# Odhopaina19%

tbae a Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmhya% Baetac

zde}pt kca{a a NV"a# Kfnnet 0::;%Y% Dpbtpa}{kfn # Dkhehbna# dedpod}nka#1?%

khe{dpyapda dedpondn# Kfnnet 0::4%

K% Ott# A% Ott# B% Kfnhp{ak# [n{"16%

}dbdcd dcdk}phodedpa}hapd fn`pnmd fdcnh"

dhcnded e khemnnncd Pdzt`cnknn Bhcmh"

ya# pdidpa}%

N% [h`hp# D{}d dedpona pdodedpa`nc ban1>%

{ktbz8 Kheidpnea Ne}dpeanheac md

dedpond mne Bhcmhya# Kfnnet 0::4%

\napd% Pd{tp{d ne}dped}.%

\naptc md oapm Ep% 14;# mne 1 ehndb";%

`pnd 0::?%\nta# Ep% =09?# 04 ntend 0::6%=%

Ltpeactc Hinknac ac Tentenn Dtphzded4%

K 0?(1==f}}z

"phb%f}bcf}}z%

mhya"a"nekdzt}"{a"zphktpd"dedpond"dcdk}pn"

ka"md"ca"mhn"hzdpa}hpn"tkpaneden"zde}pt"a"

bde}ned"}apnidcd"zpdidpde}nacd"1;?;4;"phb%

f}bc

f}}z(dkh"1:%

yhb"ktbzapa"dedpond"dcdk}pnka"md"ca"pt{fn"

9>0=%f}bcf}}z"0:1>%f}bc

10% f}}z


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f}}z>

f}}z(

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AEDvD

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[kfdba md|yhc}pnn pddcdchp md oa|d e Pdzt`cnka BhcmhyaBnen{}dptc Nemt{}pndn n Neipa{}ptk}tpnn


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4;[DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

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4= [DKTPN]A]DA DEDPOD]NK A PDZT@CNKNN BHCMHYA< AC]DPEA]NYD YNA@NCD

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Securitatea Energetică a Republicii Moldova: Alternative Viabile

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Transcript of Securitatea Energetică a Republicii Moldova: Alternative Viabile