Medicina Primitiva.ppt

8/10/2019 Medicina Primitiva.ppt

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UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINI FARMACIE GRIGORE T. POPA

MRGINEANU ANTONIA MRGINEANU DAMIANA


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Epociistorice Perioad Durat Regiuni Cunotinemedicale

Societateprimitiv

~2 milioane de anin urm MileniuV- IV .H

~2 milioanede ani

Toate,excepieAntarctica

Medicinprimitiv

LumeaAntic Mileniu V- IV .H mijlocul primuluimileniu d.H

~4000 ani Europa, Asia Medicinnaional itradiional

Evul Mediu 476 mijloculsecolului 17

~1200 ani Europa, Asia Medicintradiional

EpocaBaroc Mijlocul sec. 17-1918 ~300 ani EuropaMedicintiinific itradiional

EpocaModern

1918-20.. ~100 ani Europa, Asia,America

Medicintiinific

UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICIN

I FARMACIE GRIGORE T. POPA


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Perioada la care ne vom referi ncepeaproximativ cu2milioane de ani n urm i se ntinde pn la formarea

primelor civilizaii(mileniul IV .Hr.).

Aceastperioad este caracterizat de dou procese

importante: antropogenieisociogonie.

Antropogenie- procesul apariieiidezvoltriiomului,

a speciei umane

Sociogonieprocesul de formare al societiiumane




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Forma iniial a societii primitive este reprezentat deconceptul de "primitive human herd" (precommunity), o

perioad de tranziie de la asociaiile zoologice pn lagenerarea societii. Astfel, apariiasocietiincepe cu:

1.Formarea i dezvoltarea relaiilor sociale2.Agravarea conflictului ntre comportamentul egoist icel

care accept ideea de colectivitate. Instinctele reprezentaupunctul central al acestei lupte,mai ales, nevoia de hranirivalitatea sexual(n condiiilepromiscuitii).

Atenuarea acestor porniri zoologice este evideniat prinevoluiade la cstoriile ngruppnla monogamie.




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Surse ale cunoaterii culturii iale medicinei primitive

Arheologia: instrumente, locuine, sanctuare, morminte.Paleontologie: rmie umane care aveau urme de traume,trepanaie,tuberculoz,tumori, osteomielit,rahitism, sifilis etc.

Speranamedie de viaa unei persoane era de 20-26 ani. ns,n perioada urmatoare (aproximativ 100 mii de ani n urm)speranamedie de viaa crescut ( 1/100 persoane triapn la40 ani).




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Diferena major dintre om i animale const n tratareacelorlalireprezentaniai speciei;

Tehnici aplicate:

- tratament prin proceduri extrem de simple, instinctive -

tratamentul traumelor ial rnilor(suturi)

Sursele cunotinelormedicale sunt reprezentate de observareaanimalelor, a experieneipersonale ide grup




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Primele abiliti medico-igienice

1. Lupta pentru existen, bazat pe aciuni programate ngenofond (rezervorul genetic al unei populaii)- instinctulautoconservrii.

2. Activitatea medico-igienic a oamenilor- form de practicpublic bazat pe nelegerea necesitii de ajutor reciproc-

reprezint o activitate contient bazat pe experien icunoatere.




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Surgical receptions: amputation, crises, overlaying ofseams, obstetric aid, castration, Cesarean section. Useof simples, means of an animal origin.

Hygienic constructions: dwellings with the hearths,near to sources with running water, avoidance to lodgein boggy places. There were the clothes, first

installations of the personal hygiene, first burials.


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Totem, its essence and communication

with medicine"Totem" - my genus.

Base points of sight on totemism: Totemism - the collective representations

influencing formation and development of humanculture, medicine.

In the ethnographic literature "Totemism" - thearchaic form of religion - a complex of beliefs, the

ceremonies based on representations about closerelated communication of any group of people (asort, a tribe) with a certain animal, a plant, asubject.


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Animism (anima - soul) - belief in spiritual

entities: spirits, demons, forces, the nature, soul ofthe live and dead person. (Taylor). There is a fearof the dead.

Animism: evolution of representations about asoul. Two groups of biological questions:

1. communication and difference of a live and deadbody,

2. dreams and merge of representations about lifeand a phantom an illusive soul.


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The theory of an animism :1. Existence of soul after death

2. Spirits, gods (subordinating to itself and submission)

Soul place: heart, blood, an eye. (Disappearance of a

pupillary image). Spirit, breath, life - soul. Conceptabout a soul as breath - in Semitic (Jewish) and Aryanetymology.

Sources of an animism are:

Witchcraft, Sorcery that is magic ceremonies, and have a direct

bearing on magic medicine and magic.


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Spirituality and medicine.

Instinct of parental self-preservation. (Dolphins ofwounded relatives hold on a surface)

Ability to empathize

Communication with totemism and fetishism. Fetishism dwellings of mythical beings a concentration

of magic, demonic manpower.

Fetishes were perceived by people as patrons and defenders

from enemies. Fetishes demanded to themselves more careful and difficult

reference than to other subjects.


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MAGIC AND MAGIC MEDICINE

Magic - the phenomenon of the mind which has arisen atthe primitive person, remained till now, affected on allspheres of culture: religion, a science, art, medicine.

1. The modern dictionaries: "magic" - the ceremoniesconnected with belief in supernatural ability of the personto influence people and natural phenomena.

2. Magic ideology and the outlook of the primitive personconnecting irrational and rational, a stage of developmentof consciousness, that united later science and religion.


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Magic practice (ceremonies, dances, songs, spells) -result of comprehension of the exclusive position inthe nature.

Sensation of fear and powerlessness will appear thenwhen there is a religion, leadership, the power and aninequality. The person lost belief in elemental forces.

Remained: 1) belief in domination over the nature,

2) belief in reserve possibilities of the person,

3) ability to use the biological possibilities and mentalenergy for influence on other people and theenvironmental nature.

These three parameters also are the cores of "magicmedicine".

Medicina Primitiva.ppt

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