8/11/2019 Alex _ Traducere Engleza

1/2

For tefan- Alexandru

Anul I, Farmacie, Grupa VI

Translation exercise 4 / page 266

The immune system consists of lymphoid organs ( thymus , spleen , tonsil , lymph

nodes cervical , lymphoid agglomeration of the small intestine , bone marrow , etc.),

cells ( granulocytes, monocytes , macrophages , lymphocytes , etc . ) , and moleculeswith specific functions defined with the help of which may provide immunological

surveillance of the human body .

Granulocytes ( eosinophils , basophils , neutrophils ) are the "first line of

defense " of the body against bacteria, viruses , fungi and parasites ;

Mononuclear phagocytes ( monocytes and macrophages) , spread throughout

the body , discovered by Metchnioff ( !# ) and called macrophages (due to thespeed with which foreign particles can phagocyte ) have crucial functions for

defending the body against a large number of offenders ;

$ymphocytes of several types % & lymphocytes , T lymphocytes and '

lymphocytes % natural iller, etc. % are defined in the modern conception , as central

elements of the immune system because the immune response specifically recognies

antigen preparation .

& lymphocytes cells (about *#%*+ of the total number of lymphocytes) play a

role in the secretion of immunoglobulin ( antibody ) and in storing characteristics of

the aggressors in order to recognie the repeated invasion of the body case . This

recognition leads to a faster response of defense , unless the substance invading wouldfirst come in contact with the body . The antibodies attach to aggressor cells or to

to-ins ,bloc their activity , so that phagocytes could destroy them easier and more

efficient.

T lymphocytes secrete cytoines ( lymphoines , interferons, interleuins ,

etc. . ) , substances that help communication and cooperation among immune system

cells . $ymphocytes ' % natural iller another class of lymphocytes (about of the

total number of lymphocytes ) act fast through the secretion of cytoines and proteins

forming the " pore " and destroy foreign substances , infected cells or cancerous cells

of the body ./ach cell has an important role 0 some recognie and identify the assailant , others

neutralie the harmful action with specialied chemicals , others are those who ill the

aggressor and the other cleanses the body after the abuser has been destroyed.

&ody1s immune response to various pathogens can influence the health and thus the

2uality of life of each person.

3mong the many environmental factors that affect the immune system , stress and

deficiency of certain phytonutrients are essential in the daily diet and can lead to

disturbances in optimal operation .

8/11/2019 Alex _ Traducere Engleza

2/2

Translation exercise 2 / page 265

Te modern food sic!ens us "

3nalying the profound transformations that occurred in the lives of people in the last

century , scientists have proposed a number of theories that try to e-plain the alarmingproliferation in obesity , diabetes , cardiovascular disease and cancer. 'utritional

transition theory e-plains the increasing number of diseases by ma4or changes in

human nutrition .

3nimal foods gained more weight , eating fruits and vegetables declined and were

replaced with whole grain refined derivatives . 5rimary food , of agricultural origin,

were replaced with tae%outs or ready%to%consume food . 3bove all, overlapped

decreased physical effort of people , both in everyday life and at their 4ob.

6rbaniation, industrialiation of food production and food trade globaliation havemade that diets consisting of foods prepared in households, or from local farming , to

be replaced with diets consisting of processed foods , highly refined, coming from

e-tremely varied and faraway geographic areas.