5 alimente eseniale pentru sntatea brbailor

5 alimente eseniale pentru sntatea brbailor

Deadevarul.ro|adevarul.ro20 de ore n urm E-mail Imprimare Vizualizare foto5 alimente eseniale pentru sntatea brbailor

Multe dintre alimentele care se numr printre preferatele brbailor nu sunt cele mai bune alegeri pentru starea lor de sntate (de exemplu, friptura cu cartofi prjii, berea). Specialitii susin c acetia ar trebui s se orienteze ctre o diet bogat n substane nutritive care i protejeaz de bolile cardiovasculare i de cancer, prima i a doua cauz de deces la brbaii de peste 35 de ani. De asemenea, unele alimente pot spori performana brbailor att n sala de sport, ct i n dormitor.

1. BananeleSurse rapide de energie, bananele sunt eficiente n echilibrarea sistemului nervos, n reglarea ritmului cardiac i a tensiunii arteriale. Toate acestea datorit coninutului n potasiu, o substan recomandat de cardiologi pentru sntatea inimii.

Studiile arat c o diet bogat n potasiu i magneziu, un alt element ntlnit n banane, reduce considerabil riscul unui atac vascular cerebral. De asemenea, bananele sunt indicate pentru brbaii care consum multe proteine, deoarece vitamina B6 din compoziia acestora ajut la metabolizarea proteinelor.

2. Petele grasDin dieta niciunui brbat nu ar trebui s lipseasc acizii grai eseniali omega 3 care se gsesc din plin n petele gras (somon, sardine, ton, hering, scrumbie). Pentru c aceste grsimi polinesaturate sunt benefice att pentru meninerea sntii inimii, ct i pentru a reduce riscul instalrii cancerului de prostat.

De asemenea, acizii grai Omega 3 au importante proprieti antiinflamatoare i, de aceea, reduc durerile musculare i articulare cauzate de efort i, n plus, alung durerile reumatismale. Iar pentru asigurarea unei bune funcionri a circulaiei sanguine, petele gras reduce nivelul trigliceridelor (grsimile din snge).

3. BroccoliUn studiu recent realizat la Universitatea Harvard din SUA a scos la iveal c broccoli reduce riscul dezvoltrii tumorilor canceroase la nivelul vezicii urinare, o form de cancer care afecteaz de dou-trei ori mai mul brbai dect femei.

De asemenea, broccoli previne instalarea cancerului de prostat i de colon, datorit unei substane fitochimice pe care o conine din belug, numit sulforafan.

4. RoiileLicopenul din roii, substana care le d culoarea, este benefic pentru sistemul cardiovascular, dar i pentru sporirea fertilitii masculine. Rezultatele unor studii recente arat c obinuina de a mnca zilnic o salat de roii le asigur brbailor sntatea prostatei, ceea ce crete ansele acestora de a avea copii.

5. MorcoviiAcetia conin betacaroten, un puternic antioxidant care protejeaz mintea brbailor, arat un studiu realizat de cercettorii de la Spitalul Brigham din SUA. Dup ce au consumat zilnic morcovi timp de 18 ani, brbaii participani la studiu au fost supui unor teste cognitive i de memorie. n acelai timp, la testele respective au participat i brbai care au mncat morcovi doar timp de un an i unii care nu au consumat deloc aceast rdcinoas.

La final, specialitii au observat c indivizii care au mncat morcovi mult timp au avut rezultate mai bune la test dect ceilali.

Secretul pastrat de chinezi de sute de ani: planta care trateaza cancerul in 40 de zile

14531 vizualizari|Miercuri, 29 Mai 2013

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Lei gong tengeste o planta folosita inmedicina chinezeascadesute de anipentru tratarea artritei reumatoide.

Cunoscuta sub numele popular de tunetul din vita de vie al lui Dumnezeu sau lei teng gong, planta este originara dinChinasi pe langa multe alteafectiunipoate savindeceorice tip decancerin doar 40 de zile.

Specialistii Centrului de Cancer din cadrul Universitatii Minnesota au testat compusii plantei pe diferite tumori canceroase. Spre uimirea tuturor, dupa 40 de zile orice urma a cancerului disparuse. Studiul a fost publicat in Science Translational Medicine si i-a uimit pe toti oamenii de stiinta pentru proprietatile curative de care da dovada lei teng gong. Principala substanta care combate celulele canceroase este triptolide, despre care se stia ca poate sa vindece cancerul.

Aceasta planta este un miracol si daca cercetarile vor continua in acest sens, peste cativa ani, lupta pe care o duce medicina cu cancerul va lua sfarsit. Nu trebuie sa uitam ca in trecut au mai fost descoperite si alte plante care pot vindeca cancerul , precum ghimbirul sau tumernicul, dar companiile farmaceutice au respins cu desavarsire aceste realitati. Cu siguranta ca le afecteaza profitul o astfel de descoperire, cauza pentru care nu se arata disponibile pentru a investi in asemenea medicamente, scriu cei de la efemeride.ro.

Lei Gong Teng (Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii): A Blessing or a Time Bomb?

By John Chen, PhD, PharmD, OMD, LAc

Pinyin name:Lei Gong TengLiteral name:"thunder vine"Original source:Zhong Guo Yao Ci Dian(Journal of Chinese Medicinal Plants)English name:tripterygium, common broad lily rootBotanical name:Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F.

Pharmaceutical name:Radix Tripterygii WilfordiiProperties:bitter, acrid, coolChannels entered:LiverSafety index:toxicBackground

From left: The Chinese characters, dried herb and fresh plant oflei gong teng.Lei gong teng(radix tripterygii wilfordii) is a native plant that grows in many parts of China and Burma. It is a deciduous climbing vine that grows up to 12 meters in length. The twigs are brown, angular and downy. The leaves are light green, smooth on top, and pale gray with light hairs underneath. The flowers are hermaphroditic, and usually bloom in September. The fruits are three-winged and brownish red, about 1.5 centimeters long. The root is the medicinal part of the plant, and is generally collected in autumn.

Traditional Chinese MedicineTraditionally,lei gong tengdispels wind and dampness, and is usually used to treatbi zheng(painful obstruction syndrome).Lei gong tengrelieves pain and reduces swelling in patients who have swollen joints and difficulty moving. It can be used alone or with other antirheumatic herbs.

This herb is also known asqi bu si, literally, "seven steps to death," implying that it is extremely toxic. Because of its toxicity, the daily dose should be kept between five and 12 grams, with a maximum of 15 grams. Classic texts specifically instructed users to peel and discard the root bark of this herb before decocting. In addition,lei gong tengshould be cooked for at least 60 minutes before the addition of other herbs, then cooked for another 15 minutes. Prolonged decoction (between one and two hours) is recommended to decrease its toxicity. Side-effects are minimal when this herb is prescribed following the proper dosage and preparation.

Lei gong tengis contraindicated in pregnancy. It should be used with caution in geriatric and pediatric patients. It should also be used with caution for patients with heart, stomach and spleen disorders. Finally,lei gong tengis toxic, and should not be used by patients who have compromised hepatic functions.1Clinical Studies and ResearchThere have been many studies published on the potential use of this herb for treatment of arthritis. Thesein vitroandin vivostudies confirm the therapeutic benefits of this Chinese herb.

According toin vitrostudies, administration of an extract oflei gong tengonce daily for 14 days exhibited a marked effect to suppress the development of arthritis, antibody production and delayed-type hypersensitivity to type II collagen. On the other hand, therapeutic administration of the herbal extract did not affect the clinical course of the disease.2In research from the University of Texas and the National Institute of Health, it was reported that the use of alei gong tengpreparation showed that the herb has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect comparable to prednisone.3According to one randomized, double-blind trial involving 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the study reported approximately 90 percent of the patients treated experienced significant improvement.4According to another study, the combination oflei gong tengandfen fang ji(radix stephaniae tetandrae) was found to have a powerful suppressive effect on human immune responses for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanisms of action included inhibition of prostaglandin E2 secretion from monocytes, and inhibited IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.5According to a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, use of alei gong tengextract for 20 weeks showed therapeutic benefit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to standard Western drug treatment. Efficacy was defined as 20 percent improvement in disease activity according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria.6OverdosageThe entire tripterygium plant is toxic. The toxicity of the root and bark is greater than that of other parts of the plant. The fresh form is more toxic than the dried form which has been stored for at least a year. Toxic signs include local irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, damage to the central nervous system, internal bleeding and necrosis of the organs. In severe cases, gross overdose oflei gong tengmay cause bleeding in the stomach, intestines, liver and lungs. Other symptoms include dizziness, dry mouth, palpitations, necrosis of mucous membranes and irregular menstruation.

Any adverse reactions generally occur within two to three hours after ingestion of the herb. Early reaction is characterized by headache, dizziness, palpitation, fatigue, severe vomiting (sometimes with blood), chills, fever (up to 40 C), continuous abdominal pain, diarrhea (with dark watery stools), generalized aches and pain, tachycardia and irregular heart rhythms. In some cases, patients may present with frequent urination with urgency, and feelings of stabbing pain during urination. Other patients may exhibit delayed symptoms after two to three days, such as low back pain, hair loss, facial edema, decreased or increased urinary output, and in severe cases, low blood pressure, low body temperature, altered consciousness, convulsions, difficult respiration and purple lips. Hematological disorders have also been noted following chronic use of the herb, with decreased white blood cell and platelet counts due to bone marrow suppression.7Treatment of OverdosageEarly-stage overdose (within four hours of ingestion) should be treated with emetic methods or gastric lavage to eliminate the offending agent from the body. Successful cases of detoxification have been reported using gastric lavage, even with gross overdose.8Systemic reaction to the herb is generally treated withfeng wei cao(herba pteris) orsan qi(radix notoginseng) given as decoction (Hu Nan Yi Yao Za Zhi[Hunan Journal of Medicine and Herbology] 1977;5:3). While this herb is toxic to humans, it has no toxicity for goats and rabbits. It was found that goats or rabbits that consumelei gong tengregularly have developed resistance and antibodies to the toxicity of the herb. The consumption of fresh blood (200 to 300 ml) from goats and rabbits has been used successfully to treat overdose of the herb, using the rationale that the blood of these two animals contains substances that act as an antidote to the herb.9Chemical CompositionAlkaloids (wilfordine, wilforine, wilforidine, wilforgine, wilfortrine, wilforzine, wilformine, wilfornine, euonine, celacinnine, celafurine, celabenzine, neowilforine, regilidine), terpenoids (triptolide T13, tripdiolide, tripterolide, triptonide, triptolidenol T9, hypolide, triptonoterpenol, triptophenolide methylether, neotriptophenolide, isotriptophenolide, isoneotriptophenolide, triptonoterpene, triptonoterpene methylether, tripdioltonide, tripdiolide T8, triptriolide T11, triptolide T10, wilforlide AT1, triptotriterpenoidal lactone A, wilforlide B, triptotriterpenic acid AT3, triptotriterpenic acid BT2, triptoterpenic acid CT28, selaspermic acid, wilfornide, triptofordin A,B,C-1,C-2, D).10ToxicologyWhile the side-effects oflei gong tengare related mostly to gastrointestinal upset, infertility and suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, one fatality has been reported. After ingesting the herb, the patient developed hypovolemic shock and cardiac damage, and died three days later. There was no information available on the prior physical condition of the deceased, nor what dosage of the herb was consumed.11Author's CommentLei gong tengis not used often in traditional Chinese medicine. However, with publications from numerous journals, the use of this herb is certainly on the rise. A quick search on the Internet or at the herb stores will yield several sources that sell this product. Despite the increased evidence that this herb treats arthritis effectively, it must be prescribed and monitored carefully. Careless and indiscriminate use will only result in potential side-effects and toxic reactions.

References1. Int J Cardiol1995 April;49(2):173-7.

2. Immunopharmacology1998 May; 39(2):117-26.

3. Tao, Xuelian, et al. A phase I study of ethyl acetate extract of the Chinese antirheumatic herb tripterygium wilfordii hook F in rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of Rheumatology2001 October; vol. 28: pp. 2160-67.

4. Tao, Xuelian and Lipsky, Peter E. The Chinese anti-immunosuppressive herbal remedy tripterygium wilfordii hook F.Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Rheumatic Diseases II, Vol. 26, No. 1, February 2000, pp. 29-50.

5. Chang W-Y, et al. The effects of traditional antirheumatic herbal medicines on immune response cells.The Journal of Rheumatology1997;24:3.

6. Tao X, Younger J, Fan FZ, Wang B, Lipsky PE. Benefit of an extract of tripterygium wilfordii hook F in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Arthritis Rheum2002 Jul;46(7):1735-43.

7. Zhong Yao Du Li Xue(Toxicology of Chinese Herbs) 1989;154-155.

8. Wu Han Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao(Journal of Wuhan University School of Medicine) 1981;4-67.

9. Zhong Yao Du Li Xue(Toxicology of Chinese Herbs) 1989;156-157.

10. Xian Dai Zhong Yao Yao Li Xue(Contemporary Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs) 1997;413.

11. Int J Cardiol1995 April;49(2):173-7.

Calligraphy of Chinese character:courtesy of Dr. Chen

Photograph of plant:www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/systax/dendrologie/Triptwilffw.htm Photograph of dried herb:John K Chen and Tina T Chen,Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology, Art of Medicine Press, City of Industry, CA 91715-0878

Teng lei Gong ( Radix Tripterygii wilfordii ) : o binecuvntare sau o bomb cu ceas ?

De John Chen , dr. , PharmD , OMD , lac

Pinyin nume : Lei Gong Teng

Numele literal : " de vi de vie Thunder "

Sursa original : Zhong Guo Yao Ci Dian ( Jurnalul de plante medicinale din China )

Numele limba englez : Tripterygium , rdcin comun crin larg

Denumirea stiintifica : Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.

Numele farmaceutic : Radix Tripterygii wilfordii

Proprieti : amar , acru , rece

Canale intrat : ficat

Index de siguran : toxic

fundal

Caracterele chinezeti , din plante uscate i plante proaspete de lei Gong Teng .

De la stnga : Caracterele chinezeti , din plante uscate i plante proaspete de lei Gong Teng . Lei Gong Teng ( radix tripterygii wilfordii ) este o planta originara care crete n multe pri din China i Burma . Este o vi de vie alpinism foioase care creste pana la 12 de metri n lungime . Ramuri sunt maro , unghiulare i pufos . Frunzele sunt de culoare verde deschis , netede pe partea de sus , i gri palid, cu prul lumina dedesubt . Florile sunt hermafrodite , i floare, de obicei n luna septembrie . Fructele sunt cu trei aripi i rou maroniu , de aproximativ 1,5 centimetri lungime . Rdcina este parte medicinale din plante , i este, n general colectate n toamna anului .

Medicina tradiional chinez

n mod tradiional , lei gong teng mprtie vntul i umiditatea , i este utilizat de obicei pentru a trata bi Zheng ( sindrom de obstrucie dureros ) . Lei Gong Teng amelioreaza durerea si reduce umflarea la pacientii care au articulaii tumefiate i dificultate la micare . Acesta poate fi utilizat singur sau cu alte plante medicinale antireumatice .

Aceasta planta este , de asemenea, cunoscut sub numele de Qi bu si , literal, " apte pai spre moarte , " ceea ce nseamn c este extrem de toxic . Datorit toxicitii sale ,doza zilnic trebuie meninut ntre cinci i 12 de grame , cu un maximum de 15 grame . Texte clasice instruit n mod special utilizatorilor de coaja si se arunca coaja radacina acestei plante nainte de decocting . n plus , lei Gong Teng trebuie fierte timp de cel puin 60 minute nainte de adugarea altor ierburi , apoi fierte timp de alte 15 minute. Decoct prelungit ( ntre una i dou ore), este recomandat s se reduc toxicitatea sa . Efectele secundare sunt minime cnd aceast plant este prescris dupdozare i pregtirea adecvate .

Lei Gong Teng este contraindicat n timpul sarcinii . Ar trebui s fie utilizat cu precauie la pacienii vrstnici i copii . Ar trebui s fie , de asemenea, utilizat cu precauie la pacienii cu tulburri cardiace , de stomac i splina . n cele din urm , lei Gong Teng este toxic , i nu ar trebui s fie utilizat de catre pacientii care au compromis hepatice functions.1

Studii clinice si de cercetare

Au fost multe studii publicate cu privire la utilizarea potenial a acestei plante pentru tratamentul artritei . Aceste rezultate in vitro i in vivo au confirmat beneficiile terapeutice ale acestei plante chinez .

Conform studiilor in vitro , administrarea unui extras de gong lei teng dat pe zi, timp de 14 zile au prezentat un efect marcat pentru a suprima dezvoltarea de artrita , producia de anticorpi i de hipersensibilitate de tip ntrziat pentru colagenul de tip II . Pe de alt parte , administrarea terapeutic de extract de plante nu a afectat evoluia clinic adisease.2

n cercetare de la Universitatea din Texas si Institutul National de Sanatate , sa raportat c utilizarea unei lei gong preparat teng au artat c planta are un efect anti - inflamator i imunosupresor comparabile cu prednisone.3

n conformitate cu un studiu randomizat , dublu - orb, care implica 70 de pacienti cu artrita reumatoida, studiul a raportat aproximativ 90 la suta dintre pacientii tratati cu experienta semnificativa improvement.4

Potrivit unui alt studiu , combinaia de lei Gong Teng i Fen Fang Ji ( radix stephaniae tetandrae ) a fost gasit pentru a avea un efect de supresie puternic pe raspunsurile imunitar uman pentru tratamentul poliartritei reumatoide . Mecanismele de aciune inclus inhibarea secreiei de prostaglandine E2 din monocite , i a inhibat IL - 1 , IL - 6 , IL - 8 , iar factorul de necroz tumoral - alpha.5

Potrivit unui studiu dublu - orb , controlat cu placebo , utilizarea unui gong lei teng extras timp de 20 de sptmni, au artat beneficii terapeutice la pacientii cu artrita reumatoida refractar la tratamentul standard de droguri de Vest . Eficacitate a fost definit ca 20 la suta in imbunatatirea activitatii bolii in functie de Colegiul American de Reumatologie criteria.6

supradozajul

ntreaga plant Tripterygium este toxic . Toxicitatea ardcinii i coaja este mai mare dect cea a altor pri aleplantei . Form proaspt este mai toxic dect sub form uscat , care a fost depozitat timp de cel puin un an . Semne toxice includ iritaie local atractului gastro-intestinal , leziuni ale sistemului nervos central , hemoragie intern i necroz a organelor . n cazurile severe , supradozaj brut de lei Gong Teng poate provoca sngerri n stomac , intestine , ficat i plmni . Alte simptome includ ameteala , uscaciunea gurii , palpitaii , necroza a membranelor mucoase i menstruaie neregulat .

Orice reacii adverse apar n general n dou-trei ore dup ingestia de plante medicinale . Reacie precoce este caracterizata prin dureri de cap , ameeli , palpitaii , oboseal , vrsturi severe ( uneori cu snge ) , frisoane , febr ( pn la 40 C ) , dureri abdominale continuu , diaree ( cu scaune apoase ntunecate ) , dureri generalizate i durere , tahicardie i ritm cardiac neregulat . In unele cazuri , pacientii se pot prezenta cu urinari frecvente de urgen , i sentimente de dureri de junghi in timpul urinarii . Alti pacienti pot prezenta simptome ntrziate dup dou -trei zile , cum ar fi dureri de spate , pierderea parului , edem facial , diurez sczut sau a crescut , i, n cazuri severe , scderea tensiunii arteriale , scderea temperaturii corpului , alterarea strii de contien , convulsii , respiraie dificil i buzele violet . Tulburari hematologice au fost, de asemenea observat n urma utilizrii cronice a planta , cu scderea celulelor albe din snge i trombocitelor din cauza maduva osoasa suppression.7

Tratamentul supradozajului

Supradozaj stadiu incipient ( n termen de patru ore de la ingerare ) ar trebui s fie tratai cu metode emetice sau lavajul gastric pentru a elimina agentul ofensatoare din organism . Au fost raportate cazuri de succes de detoxifiere prin lavaj gastric , chiar i cu brut overdose.8

Reactie sistemica la planta este, n general tratate cu Feng Wei Cao ( herba Pteris ) sau San Qi ( radix Notoginseng ), avnd n vedere ca decoct ( Hu Nan Yi Yao Za Zhi [ Hunan Journal of Medicine i Fitoterapie ] 1977 ; 05:03 ) . n timp ce aceast plant este toxic pentru oameni , acesta nu are nici o toxicitate pentru capre i iepuri . Sa constatat c capre sau iepuri care consum lei Gong Teng mod regulat au dezvoltat rezisten i anticorpi la toxicitatea de plante medicinale . Consumul de snge proaspt ( 200-300 ml ) de la capre i iepuri a fost utilizat cu succes n tratamentul supradozajului de plante medicinale , folosind motivul c sngele acestor dou animale conine substane care acioneaz ca un antidot la herb.9

Compoziia chimic

Alcaloizi ( wilfordine , wilforine , wilforidine , wilforgine , wilfortrine , wilforzine , wilformine , wilfornine , euonine , celacinnine , celafurine , celabenzine , neowilforine , regilidine ) , terpenoide ( triptolide T13 , tripdiolide , tripterolide , triptonide , triptolidenol T9 , hypolide , triptonoterpenol , triptophenolide metileterului , neotriptophenolide , isotriptophenolide , isoneotriptophenolide , triptonoterpene , triptonoterpene metileter , tripdioltonide , tripdiolide T8 , triptriolide T11 , T10 triptolide , wilforlide AT1 , triptotriterpenoidal lacton A , wilforlide B , acid triptotriterpenic AT3 , acidul triptotriterpenic BT2 , acidul triptoterpenic CT28 , acidul selaspermic , wilfornide , triptofordin A , B , C - 1 , C - 2 , D ) .10

toxicologie

n timp ce efectele secundare de lei Gong Teng sunt legate n mare parte de tulburrile gastro-intestinale , infertilitate i supresia proliferrii limfocitelor , o victim a fost raportat . Dup ingerarea de plante medicinale , pacientul a dezvoltat oc hipovolemic si probleme cardiace , i a murit trei zile mai trziu . Nu a fost nici informaii disponibile cu privire la starea fizic prealabil a decedat , nici ce doza de planta a fost consumed.11

Comentariu autorului

Lei Gong Teng nu este folosit adesea n medicina tradiional chinez . Cu toate acestea , cu publicaii din numeroase reviste ,utilizarea acestei plante este cu siguran n cretere . O cutare rapid pe Internet sau de la magazinele de plante medicinale vor produce mai multe surse care vinde acest produs . n ciuda dovezilor crescut ca aceasta planta trateaza artrita eficient , acesta trebuie s fie prescris i monitorizat cu atenie . Utilizarea neglijent i fr discernmnt va duce doar la potenialele efecte secundare si reactii toxice .

Referine

Int J Cardiol 1995 aprilie; 49 ( 2 ) :173 - 7 .

Immunopharmacology 1998 May , 39 ( 2 ) :117 - 26 .

Tao , Xuelian , i colab . Un studiu de faza I de extract de acetat de etil din China antireumatice planta Tripterygium wilfordii crlig F in poliartrita reumatoida . Jurnalul de Reumatologie octombrie 2001 , vol. . 28 : pp. 2160-67 .

Tao , Xuelian i Lipsky , Peter E.chinez anti - imunosupresoare pe baz de plante remediu Tripterygium wilfordii crlig F. complementare i terapii alternative pentru boli reumatice II , Vol. . 26 , No. 1, februarie 2000, pp. 29-50 .

Chang W - Y , i colab . Efectele tradiionale medicamente pe baz de plante antireumatice pe celulele raspunsului imun. Jurnalul de Reumatologie 1997; 24:3 .

Tao X , Younger J , ventilator FZ , Wang B , Lipsky PE . Beneficia de un extras de Tripterygium wilfordii crlig F la pacientii cu poliartrita reumatoida : un studiu dublu - orb , controlat cu placebo . Artrita Rheum 2002 iulie , 46 (7) :1735-43 .

Zhong Yao Du Li Xue ( Toxicologie de plante din China ), 1989; 154-155 .

Wu Han Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao ( Jurnalul de Wuhan Universitatea de Medicina ), 1981; 4-67 .

Zhong Yao Du Li Xue ( Toxicologie de plante din China ), 1989; 156-157 .

Xian Dai Zhong Yao Yao Li Xue ( Farmacologie Contemporan din plante din China ), 1997; 413 .

Int J Cardiol 1995 aprilie; 49 ( 2 ) :173 - 7 .

Caligrafie de caracter chinezesc : curtoazie de Dr. Chen

Fotografie de plante : www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/systax/dendrologie/Triptwilffw.htm

Fotografie de planta uscata : John K Chen i Tina T Chen , chinez medicale Herbology i Farmacologie , Arta de Medicina de presa , City of Industry , CA 91715-0878