Recapitulare Engleza_Modulul II

MODULUL II – Engleza mediu

Cand folosim „MAKE” si cand folosim „ DO”

Folosirea lui „MAKE” Folosirea lui „DO”

1. „make” se foloseste atunci cand creem, construim, preparam ceva palapabil, NU se foloseste pentru activitati.

make food - a face mancaremake coffee – a face cafeamake a mess – a face mizeriemake a cup of tea – a face ceai

1. „do” se foloseste cand prestam o activitate zilnica, nepalpabila

do homework – a face temeledo a job – a face o treabado the ironing – a calcado the dishes – a spala vasele

He made a tasty bread.El a facut o paine gustoasa.

First, do your homework, and then you can go out.Mai intai, fa-ti temele, si apoi poti merge afara.

2. „make” este asociat intotdeauna cu o decizie practica 2.„ do” este asociat intodeauna unei idei, teorii

I usually make about 50 sit ups in the morning.De obicei fac 50 flotari dimineata.

I ususally do the cleaning on Saturday Morning.De obicei fac curat sambata dimineata.

3. „make” este folosit in expresii standard formate din verbul „make” + susbtantiv:

make a copy – a face o copiemake a change – a face o schimbaremake a comment– a face un comentariu make a date with girl / boy – a se intalni cu o fata / baiatmake a demand– a face o cerere make a decision – a lua o deciziemake a deal – a face o intelegeremake a guess – a face o presupuneremake a mistake – a face o gresealamake a movement – a face o deplasaremake a promise – a face o promisiunemake a remark - a face o remarcamake a request – a face o cereremake a reservation – a face o rezervaremake a speech – a tine un discursmake a telephone call – a da un telefonmake an appoiment with – a stabili o intalnire cumake an accusation – a face o acuzaremake an effort – a face un efortmake an estimate – a face o estimaremake an excuse – a se scuzamake an impression – a face o impresiemake an offer – a face o ofertamake arrangements – a face aranjamentemake friend – a face prietenimake noise – a face zgomotmake money - a face banimake plans – a face planurimake your bed ( aftre you get up ) – a-ti face patul ( dupa ce te trezesti )

3.„ do” este folosit in expresii standard formate din verbul „do” + susbtantiv:

do an activity – a face o activitatedo a course – a face o cursado a dance – a face dansurido a job – a face un serviciudo a favour – a face o favoaredo a lesson – a studia o lectiedo a paper – a scrie o hartiedo a problem – a rezova o problemado a service – a face un serviciudo the acting – a face teatrudo the cleaning - a face curatdo the dishes – a spala vaseledo the ironing – a calcado the shopping – a face cumparaturido the trick – a faec un trucdo aerobics – a face aerobicdo business – a face afacerido drugs – a folosi drogurido exercises – a face exercitiido good – a face binedo housework – a face treburi casnicedo harm – a face raudo justice – a face dreptatedo your best – a face totul pentrudo your duty – a-ti face datoriado your hair – a-ti aranja paruldo ( some ) damage– a face pagubado ( some ) research – a face investigatiido some work – a face o treabado right / do wrong – a face bine / rau

I’ll make an exception this time.Voi face o exceptie de aceasta data.

Could you do me a favor and watch my bags?Poti sa-mi faci o favoare sa te uiti la bagajele mele?

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4. ---------------------------------------------------------

4.„do” se foloseste cand vorbim de lucruri generale, vagi sau activitati nedefinite folosind in acest caz:

something,nothing,anything,everything etc.

----------------------------------------------------------John does everything by hand – he is amazing!

John face totul cu mainile – este uimitor!

5. ----------------------------------------------------------- 5.„do” intareste uneori intelesul verbului pe care-l determina

-----------------------------------------------------Yes, I do tell you the truth.Da, ti-am spus adevarul.

Important!

Folosirea lui “DO” se face si pentru activitati variate terminate in “ ing” cum ar fi do some gardening, do some thinking, do some painting, etc.

Retineti!

Pentru a nu mai fi in dificultate si a intelege cat mai bine cand il folosim pe ”MAKE” si cand pe “DO” retineti urmatorul exemplu:

Do the shopping. - A face cumparaturi. – explicatie: noi chiar nu creem nimic, noi doar facem o activitate. Make a cake. - A face o prajitura. – explicatie: noi chiar creem ceva.

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Axa timpurilor

Perfect Past simple Present simple Future 1 - 2 Past Present

continuous

Prezentul perfect simplu ( The Present Perfect Simple )

Prezentul perfect simplu se refera la o actiune inceputa in trecut si continuata pana in prezent sau savarsita in

trecut si legata intr-un fel sau altul de momentul vorbirii.

I. Prezentul perfect simplu se formeaza astfel:

1. Afirmativ:

Subiect + Have / Has + Verb – col III ( participiu trecut ) + restul propozitiei neschimbata.

You have heard a noise. - Tu ai auzit un zgomot.

2. Interogativ:

Have / Has + Subiect + Verb – col III ( participiu trecut ) + restul propozitiei neschimbata

Have you heard a noise? - Ai auzit un zgomot?

3. Negativ:

Subiect + Have / Has + Not + Verb – col III ( participiu trecut ) + restul propozitiei neschimbata.

You haven’t heard a noise. - Tu nu ai auzit un zgomot.

II. Prezentul perfect exprima:

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1. O actiune care a avut loc in trecutul recent si care are rezultate in prezent

I’m afraid I have lost my wallet. I can’t find it anywhere.– Mi-e teama ca mi-am pierdut portofelul. Nu-l pot gasi nicaieri..

2. O actiune din trecut care se poate repeta si in prezent sau chiar in viitor

My brother has written a book of poems. – Fratele meu a scris o carte de poezii.

3. O actiune care tocmai s-a incheiat si este legata de momentul prezent.

In acest caz se folosesc adverbe si expresii precum: just, already, yet, lately, recently, till now, so far, the last few hours / days etc.

I’m worried because I haven’t received any letter from my sister so far.

R: Sunt ingrijorat pentru ca nu am primit pana acum nici o scrisoare de la sora mea.

Atentie !

a. Just – se foloseste numai in propozitii afirmative.

The postman has just come . – Postasul tocmai a venit.

b. Yet – se foloseste in:

propozitii interogative pentru a afla daca actiunea a avut loc, fara a ne interesa timpul in care s-a petrecut actiune si nu se traduce in romana.

Has the postman come yet ? – A venit postasul?

propozitii negative – traducandu-se prin “inca“

The postman hasn’t come yet . – Postasul nu a venit inca.

c. Already – se foloseste in:

propozitii afirmative accentuandu-se idea ca actiunea a avut loc.

The postman has already come . – Postasul a venit déjà.

propozitii interogative exprimand mirarea ca a avut loc actiunea.

Has the postman already come ? – A venit déjà postasul?

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4. O activitate care a avut loc in mod frecvent in trecut pana in prezent, cu rezultate in prezent .

In acest caz se folosesc adverbele de timp nehotarat: never, ever, sometimes, often, seldom, always, usually.

Have you ever met George? – L-ai intalnit vreodata pe George?

Atentie !

Adverbele de timp nehotarat: never, ever, sometimes, often, seldom, always, usually – pot fi folosite si la trecutul simplu, daca se refera la situatii fara nici o legatura cu prezentul.

We always got on well together when we were young. – Intotdeauna ne impacam bine cand eram tineri.

5. O actiune desfasurata intr-o perioada de timp bine definita, terminata sau continuand in momentul vorbirii, poate chiar si-n viitor

In acest caz se folosesc adverbe si expresii precum: since, for, how long,

Atentie !

a. Since – introduce fie un complement sau o propozitie circumstantiala de timp, care se refera la momentul inceperii actiunii ( trecut ).

I have known George since last month . – Il cunosc pe George de luna trecuta.

b. For – introduce fie un complement circumstantial de timp si arata durata perioadei de timp, terminate sau continuand si in prezent, in care se desfasoara actiunea.

I have known George for a few weeks. – Il cunosc pe George de cateva saptamani.

6. O actiune savarsita intr-o perioada incompleta de timp.

In acest caz se folosesc adverbe de timp precum: today, this morning, this afternoon, this evening, this week, this month etc.

I have met George this morning. – L-am intalnit pe George in aceasta dimineata.

Atentie !

This morning – se foloseste cu verbul la prezentul perfect numai pana la ora 12.This afternoon – se foloseste cu verbul la prezentul perfect pana la asfintit.

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Prezentul perfect continuu ( The Present Perfect Continuous )

Prezentul perfect continuu se refera la o actiune inceputa in trecut si a caror consecinte se vad si pot continua

in prezent.

I. Prezentul perfect continuu se formeaza astfel:

1. Afirmativ:

Subiect + Have / Has + Been + Verb infinitiv + terminatia “ing” + restul propozitiei neschimbata.

I have been tak ing driving lesson for a month. – Iau lectii de condus de o luna.

2. Interogativ:

Have / Has + Subiect + Been + Verb infinitiv + terminatia “ing” + restul propozitiei neschimbata

How long have you been tak ing driving lesson? – De cat timp iei lectii de condus?

3. Negativ:

Subiect + Have / Has + Not + Been + Verb infinitiv + terminatia “ing” + restul propozitiei neschimbata

You haven’t been tak ing driving lesson lately. – In ultima vreme nu ai m-ai luat lectii de condus.

II. Prezentul perfect continuu se foloseste pentru:

1. A accentua continuitatea unei actiuni pentru o perioada mai lunga de timp pana in momentul vorbirii:

Please excuse my dirty hands. I have been digging the garden. – Te rog sa ma ierti ca am mainile murdare. Am sapat in gradina.

2. O actiune inceputa in trecut si continuata neintrerupt in prezent:

We have been talking since the meeting started. – Stam de vorba de cand a inceput sedinta..

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Cuvinte si sinonimele acestora

Cuvant Sinonim Traducere

to cope to manage a se descurca, a administrato wonder to ask a se intreba, a se minunato wander to walk a se plimba

to fail not to succeed a esuanowadays thesedays acum, in zile noastre

to fulfil to achive a duce la indeplinireconducive the proper for propice, potrivit

the appropriate the proper for propice, potrivitaverage the middle part medie

to hang out to relax a se relaxa, a pierde timpulto use to to do usually a obisnui sato rent to hire a inchiria, a se angajayard garden gradina

to concern to worry a se ingrijorafolks people oamenikid child copil

block street stradaflat apartment apartament

to nurture to bring up a creste, a educato cherish to appreciate a apreciato clear up to bring home a lamuri

bond link legaturawhether if daca, in orice cazanxious eager nerabdator

date meeting intalniredata information informatii

short look glance ocheada, privire scurtamake an excuse make apologize a se scuza

carefully simpathetically cu atentielately a long time ago in ultima vreme

briefly shorthly pe scurtfind out to discover a aflalook into to investigate a investigalook for to search a cautaloot at to pay attention a fi atent

look after take care a avea grijalook over to check a verifica

hear about to know a auzihear from to have news about a sti despre

glance through have a look a se uita pesteto pay a visit to go on a visit a face o vizita

to pay attention to be atendive a fi atentto pay back to revenge a plati cuiva ( o polita )to pay off to finish a finalizato pay off to come to an end a finaliza

to persuate to convince a convinge

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Expresii si sinonimele acestora

Expresie Sinonim Traducere

as far as I know ------------------------- din cate stiu eumeanwhile ------------------------- intre timpin a while immediately imediatas soons as shortly imediat

we’ll get a new brand ------------------------ a lua de la capatin a blue moon never niciodata

to be blue homesickness a fi nostalgicwaste of time ------------------------ pierdere de vreme

the time is right for me ------------------------ este timpul meui’ll cross the stream ------------------------ voi trece peste problemeboth as .... and as ------------------------ atat .... cat si

holiday open house ------------------------ cu usile deschiseto make to talk to have a talk with a face conversatie

to make an excuse to apologize a-si cere scuzeto make an appoitment to arrangement a face un aranjamnet

to be looking forward to ------------------------there is no use ------------------------ nu are sens sa

to strike a deal come to agreement a ajunge la o intelegereto take a seat sit down a lua loc

in the day ----------------------- in timpul zileimany happy returns of the day happy birthday la multi ani

looke here! ---------------------- asculta!not at all ---------------------- de loc, nicidecum

i beg your pardon --------------------- scuzati-mato get on well --------------------- a se impaca binehere you are --------------------- poftim

do you mind? --------------------- te superi?to make up one’s mind to decide a se hotara

above all on the first time in primul randto have a touch of ------------------ a fi atins deon one’s way to ------------------ in drum spre

to lose one’s way to get lost a se ratacito have a rest ------------------ a se odihni

on the one hand ------------------ pe de o partein spite of ----------------- in ciuda

tanks awfully ------------------ multumesc foarte multis good enough for me sufficient imi este suficient

if you ask me my opinion dupa mine, dupa parerea meato bear out to confirm a confirma

what’s the matter? happened ce s-a intamplat?to bear out to confirm a confirma

glance through have a look a arunca o privire peste

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Recapitulare Engleza_Modulul II

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