Proiect Master Final

7/23/2019 Proiect Master Final

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proiect-master-final 1/15

UNIVERSITATEA DE ŞTIINŢE AGRICOLE ŞI MEDICINĂVETERINARĂ “ION IONESCU DE LA BRAD” DIN IAŞI

Combaterea dăunătorilor şi ciupercilor dindepozite şi din produsele agricole vegetale

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Cuprins

1. Principa!! "r#p! $! $%#n%&'ri

(Apr!ci!r!a "ra$##i $! in)!*&ar!

+.C',-a&!r!a $%#n%&'ri'r $in $!p'i&!! $! pr'$#*! a"ric'! /!"!&a!

0.C'n$iii *p!cia! p!n&r# c',-a&!r!a $%#n%&'ri'r

2.C'n&r'# *#-*&an!'r )''*i&! a c',-a&!r!a $%#n%&'ri'r

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1. Principalele grupe de dăunători

In $!p'i&! a/!, ' *!ri! $! $a#na&'ri3 car! p'& $!pr!cia cai&a&i/ r!c'&a *a# in #n!!

ca#ri *a ' c',pr',i&a in &'&ai&a&!. C!i ,ai )r!c/!n&i $a#na&'ri $! $!p'i& *#n& r!pr!!n&a&i $!

in*!c&!3 c!! ,ai ,#&! *p!cii )acan$ par&! $in "r#p# c'!'p&!r!'r *i an#,!4 "ar"ari&a "ra##i

5Si&'p6i#* "ranari#*73 "ar"ari&a 'r!##i 5Si&'p6i#* 'r8a!73 "an$ac# $in S#rina,

5Or8a!p6i#* *#rina,!n*i*73 "an$ac# ,a#ri&an 5T!n!-ri'i$!* ,a#ri&anic#*73 "ar"ari&a c# ci'c

a& 5Ca#'p6i#* a&ina*#*73 !&c.5 &! ca G. i Da/i$ A$riana P.3 (99:7.Ș ț ș

Din&r! !pi$'p&!r!3 c!! ,ai c#n'*c#&! *#n&4 ,'ia c!r!a!'r 5Si&r'&'"a c!r!a!a73 ,'ia

"ra##i 5N!,ap'"'n "ran!#*7 *a# ,'ia )r#c&!'r #*ca&! 5P'$ia in&!rp#nc&!a7. P! an"a

in*!c&!3 in *pa&ii! $! $!p'i&ar! p#&!, a/!a pr'-!,! c# r'a&'ar!!3 c!! ,ai r!pr!!n&a&i/!*p!cii )iin$4 *'-'an# c!n#*i# 5Ra&&#* n'r/!"ic#*73 *'-'an# n!"r# 5Ra&&#* ra&&#*73 *'ar!c!! $!

ca*a 5M#* ,#*c##*7.

Da#na&'ri $! $!p'i&4

; Si&'p6i#* "ranari!* < "ar"ari&a "ra##i $!p'i&a&=

; R68'p!r&a $',inica < cari# c!r!a!'r=

; Cr8p&'!*&!* )!rr#"in!#* < "an$ac# r'*ca& a "ran!'r=

; Si&'&r'"a c!r!a!a < ,'ia c!r!a!'r=

; Tri-'i#, c'n)#*#, < "an$ac!# )ainii=

; T!n!-r'i$!* ,a#ri&anic#* < "an$ac# n!"r# a )ainii=

; Or8a!p6i#* *#rina,!n*i* < "an$ac# $in S#rina,=

; N!,ap'"'n "ran!#* < ,'ia "ra##i= 5Sa,#i C.3 (9197.

Pr'$#*! )''*i&!4

; Ac&!ic 29 EC3 *#-*&an&a ac&i/a 5*.a.7 piri)'* ,!&i.E*&! #n pr'$#* 'r"an';)'*)'ric c! ac&i'n!aa

prin c'n&ac&3 in"!*&i! *i /ap'ri.La c!r!a!! $! c'n*#, *! )''*!*c 19 , pr'$#* COMERCIAL

5p.c.7 a &'na $! c!r!a!3 $i#a& in&r;#n i&r# $! apa.

; >?O-i' (2 EC3 *.a. $!&a,!&rin @ pip!r'ni -#&'i$.S! )''*!*&! a $a#na&'rii $! $!p'i& p!n&r#4

3



a7 c!r!a!! in /rac 5a,!*&!c $ir!c& c# -'a-!!74 ; 1 p.c. @ :: apa r!#&a 199 *'#&i!= #n

i&r# $! *'#&i! *! apica a 1999 " c!r!a! c# #n apara& $! p#/!riar! $! 'a*a pr!*i#n!.Ac!*&

&ip $! &ra&a,!n& a*i"#ra ' pr'&!c&i! i,p'&ri/a $a#na&'ri'r $! ; 19 #ni.

-7 c!r!a! in *aci *&i/#i&i= &ra&a,!n&# pr!/in! in)!*&ar!a c!r!a!'r r!aia&a prin in/aia

in*!c&!'r $a#na&'ar!.Daca c!r!a!! $in *aci *#n& $!a in)!*&a&!3 inain&! $! &ra&a,!n& *! /a )ac! '

)#,i"a&i!.S'#&ia *! pr!para ca a &ra&a,!n&# apica& c!r!a!'r in /rac *i *! apica prin

p#/!riar! p! $!a*#pra *aci'r *&i/#i&i c# ' p',pa $! *&r'pi&3 19 *'#&i!,(.Ac!*& &ip $!

&ra&a,!n& a*i"#ra ' pr'&!c&i! $! pana a + #ni *i n# a)!c&!aa capaci&a&!a "!r,ina&i/a a

*!,in&!'r.

; R!$an 09 EC3 *.a. c'rpiri)'* ,!&i.E*&! #n pr'$#* 'r"an';)'*)'ric c! ac&i'n!aa prin c'n&ac&3

in"!*&i! *i /ap'ri.S! )''*!*c 1(32 , p.c.1999 " $! c!r!a!3 $i#a& in&r! 93F;13( apa.

; S#,i&6i'n 29 EC3 *.a. )!ni&r'&i'n.E*&! #n pr'$#* 'r"an';)'*)'ric c! ac&i'n!aa prin c'n&ac& *i

in"!*&i!.S! )''*!*c (9 , p.c. @ #n i&r# $! apa a 1999 " c!r!a!.

M!n&i'na, $'#a pr'$#*! c',!rcia! )''*i&! p!n&r# "aar!4

; D!icia < "a*&'in3 +9 "1999 " c!r!a!=

; #icp6'* < Up3 +;2 &a-!&! 1999 " c!r!a!.

2Aprecierea gradului de infestare

D!in*!cia !*&! an*a,-# $! aci#ni prin car! *! #r,%r!*&! c',-a&!r!a ar&r'p'$!'r $%#n%&'ar!3 c! &ran*,i& -'i in)!ci'a*! Hi parai&ar!3 $!"ra$!a% pr'$#*! ai,!n&ar! Hi )#ra!3

"!n!r!a% $i*c'n)'r& ',##i Hi ani,a!'r.

In*!c&!!3 *#- )'r,% a$#&% *a# ar/ar%3 in)!*&!a% Hi in)!c&!a% a&& ,a&!rii! pri,!3 c& Hi

pr'$#*!! )ini&! $in in$#*&ria ai,!n&ar%3 pr'$#cn$ $i*&r#"!ri3 c'n&a,in%ri c# ,icr''r"ani*,!

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Hi*a# paraii3 car! $#c a a&!rari a! ac!*&'r pr'$#*! Hi car! a# ca r!#&a& Jn*!,na&! pa"#-!

!c'n',ic! Hi &ran*,i&!r!a #n'r -'i.

P!n&r# *!c&'r# ai,!n&ar3 in*!c&!!3 ,ai ,#& ca Jn a&! $',!nii3 pr!in&% #n r!a p!ric'

prin capaci&a&!a 'r $!'*!-i&% $! a &ran*,i&! #n n#,%r i,pr!*i'nan& $! "!r,!ni pa&'"!ni Hi ,ai

a!* a -'i'r "a*&r'in&!*&ina! (Ban# C'n*&an&in3 (99F7.

P!n&r# in$#*&ria ai,!n&ar%3 $in ,#&i&#$in!a $! *p!cii $! in*!c&! !i*&!n&!3 a# '

i,p'r&an&a !pi$!,i''"ica $!'*!-i&% ,#H&!! Hi "n$acii Hi3 Jn&r;' ,%*#r% ,ai ,ic%3 )#rnici!.

Prin $!'*!-i&a 'r p#&!r! $! Jn,#ir! Hi capaci&a&! $! a$ap&ar!3 in*!c&!! r!ai!a% Jn &i,p

in)rap'p#aii i,!n*! car! c',pr',i& pr'$#*!! ai,!n&ar!. Prin ,'$i)icar!a cai&%i'r

'r"an'!p&ic!3 )iic';c6i,ic! Hi ,icr'-i''"ic! pr'$#*!! ai,!n&ar! in/a$a&! $! in*!c&! *#n&

c',pr',i*!3 *! confiscă Hi $!ci *! cr!!a% pi!r$!ri !c'n',ic! $!'*!-i&!.

Kn&r#c& carac&!ri*&ici! *!c&'r##i ai,!n&ar i,i&!a% )'ar&! ,#& #&iiar!a *#-*&an!'r in*!c&ici$!3 ca ,i'c *p!ci)ic $! c',-a&!r! a in*!c&!'r3 #p&a c'n&ra ar&r'p'$!'r *! -a!a% Jn

pri,# rn$ p! 'r"aniar!a c'r!c&% a ,%*#ri'r $! pr!/!nir! a in)!*&%rii Hi Jn ,ai ,ic% ,%*#ra p!

c!! $! c',-a&!r!. In$i)!r!n& $! ,%*#ri3 a -aa *#cc!*##i Jn c',-a&!r!a ar&r'p'$!'r &r!-#i! *%

*&!a c#n'aH&!r!a a,%n#ni&% a carac&!ri*&ici'r -i'!c''"ic! *p!ci)ic! )i!c%r!i *p!cii.

Kn /!$!r!a 'r"ani%rii #n#i pan $! c',-a&!r! a ar&r'p'$!'r Jn *!c&'r# ai,!n&ar &r!-#i!

*% *! )ac% ' apr!ci!r! a "ra$##i $! in)!*&ar!. Apr!ci!r!a apr'i,a&i/% a "ra$##i $! in)!*&ar! a

ar&r'p'$!'r *! )ac! prin ,!&'$a '-*!r/ai!i *i,p! a ac!*&'ra Jn *paii! $! pr'$#ci!3 $!$!p'i&ar!3 Jn an!!! *'cia;*ani&ar! !&c.

La apr!ci!r!a "ra$##i $! in)!*&ar! c# $%#n%&'ri a $!p'i&!'r $! pr'$#*! ai,!n&ar! *!

/'r c!rc!&a ,in#i'* 'c#ri! Jn&#n!ca&!3 cr%p%&#ri! $in par$'*!a%3 )i*#ri! $in p!r!i3 pn!! $!

p%ian!n $! p! p!r!i Hi &a/an3 a,-aa!! 5*aci3 pr!a&!3 %i !&c.7.

D! r!"#% in)!*&ar!a *! r!ai!a% )i! prin pr'$#*!! c'n&a,ina&! car! n# *#n& c'n&r'a&!3

)i! prin )''*ir!a #n'r a,-aa! /!c6i car! n# a# )'*& Jn pr!aa-i c#r%i&! Hi $!in)!c&a&!.

P!n&r# a pr!/!ni Jn,#ir!a ar&r'p'$!'r !*&! )'ar&! i,p'r&an& c'n&r'# pr'$#*!'r a

in&r'$#c!r!a Jn $!p'i& Hi ap'i p! '&#ri3 p! ,%*#ra $!p'i&%rii.

Kn #n!! *i&#aii *! p'& *&a-ii Hi an#,i&! "ra$! $! in)!*&ar!. A*&)!3 5$#pa O&! *i c'.3

1:F:73 a acari!ni *! c'n*i$!r%4

; "ra$# I $! in)!*&ar! cn$ a 1 " pr'$#*! *! "%*!*c pn% a (9 $! acari!ni3

in$i)!r!n& $! *p!ci!=

5



; "ra$# II3 p!*&! (9 $! acari!ni a "=; "ra$# III3 in)!*&ar! Jn ,a*%.La c!r!a! *! #r,%r!H&! Jn$!'*!-i in)!*&ar!a -'a-!'r4; "ra$# I3 circa 2 "%r"%ri! a "=; "ra$# 113 pn% a 19 "%r"%r&! a "=

; "ra$# III3 p!*&! 19 "%r"%ri! a ".Anai!! *! )ac c# 'c6i# i-!r *a# )''*in$ #p! car! ,%r!*c $! ;19 'ri.

P!n&r# apr!ci!r!a "ra$##i $! in)!*&ar! a c!r!a!'r Jn ,ari! $!p'i&! *! r!c'&!a% c#

*'n$! *p!cia! pr'-! r!pr!!n&a&i/!3 $in $i)!ri&! 'c#ri3 $in car! ap'i *! ia# pr'-! ,!$ii $! (99;

+99 " car! *! anai!a% Jn a-'ra&'r3 c! ,ai &ri# $#p% $'#a i! $! a r!c'&ar!.

D!&!r,inar!a $%#n%&'ri'r a*c#nHi Jn -'a-! *! )ac! prin *!ci'nar!a ac!*&'ra c# ' a,% Hi

n#,%rar!a ar&r'p'$!'r c# #pa $in circa 29 $! "r%#n!3 *a# prin in&r'$#c!r!a "r%#n!'r Jn

*'#i! *a&#ra&% $! NaC.

3.Combaterea dăunătorilor din depozitele de produse agricole vegetale

Kn Jn&r!prin$!ri! $! in$#*&ri! ai,!n&ar%3 $a&'ri&% *p!ci)ic##i pr'pri#3 ,%*#ri! $!

c',-a&!r! a ar&r'p'$!'r *#n& i,i&a&!3 "r!# $! apica& Hi n!c!*i&% ,%*#ri c# &'&# *p!cia!. Din

ac!*& ,'&i/3 #p&a J,p'&ri/a ar&r'p'$!'r &r!-#i! 'ri!n&a&% *pr! ,%*#ri $! pr!/!nir! a in)!*&%rii.

C',-a&!r!a $%#n%&'ri'r Hi a in*!c&!'r /!c&'ri ai $i)!ri&!'r ,icr''r"ani*,! *!

r!ai!a% prin ,%*#ri car! J,pi!$ic% apariia Hi $!/'&ar!a ac!*&'ra Jn $!p'i&!! $! pr'$#*!

ai,!n&ar!.5.V I/an'/a31:::7

Mi'ac!! $! pr'&!ci! c'n&ra ar&r'p'$!'r &r!-#i! *% cr!!! c'n$H&ii car! *% n# p!r,i&%

p%&r#n$!r!a Hi $!/'&ar!a 'r p! &!ri&'ri# Hi Jn Jnc%p!ri! Jn&r!prin$!ri'r $! in$#*&ri! ai,!n&ar%.

Din&r! ,i'ac!! $! protecţie contra artropodelor ,!ni'n%,4

; J,pi!$icar!a p%&r#n$!rii in*!c&!'r Jn *!c&'ar!! $! pr'$#ci!3 $!p'i&! Hi an!!=; c#r%ir!a Hi $!in*!cia p!ri'$ic% a 'c#ri'r $! ,#nc%3 a $!p'i&!'r Hi an!!'r

*'cia;*ani&ar!=; r!"ar!a )ac&'ri'r $! ,!$i# 5&!,p!ra&#r%3 #,i$i&a&!3 a!rai! !&c.7 $in *paii! $!

pr'$#ci! Hi $!p'i&! p!n&r# a n# p!r,i&! $!/'&ar!a ar&r'p'$!'r=

6



; c'n&r'# ri"#r'* a ,a&!rii'r pri,! c! *! in&r'$#c Jn #ni&a&!3 p!n&r# a n# )i

in)!*&a&! %i a pr'$#*!'r ai,!n&ar! $!p'i&a&! pna a i/rar!3 p!n&r# a n# *! in)!*&a=; c#r%ir!a Hi $!in*!cia p!r,an!n&H a ra,p!'r *i pa&)'r,!'r $! "#n'i3 car!

r!pr!in&% #n# $in )'car!! $! in)!*&ar!3 $!'c n!"ia-i!3 c# ar&r'p'$!.

P!n&r# a preveni infestarea cu muste pr!!n&a, c&!/a ,a*#ri ,ini,! *i an#,!4; Jna&#rar!a &#&#r'r p'*i-ii&a&i'r $! $!/'&ar! a ar/!'r prin *a#-riar!a p!r)!c&a

a Jn&r!prin$!rii *i a *pa&ii'r $in #r=; J,pi!$icar!a p%&r#n$!rii in*!c&!'r a$#&! Jn *paii! Jn&r!prin$!rii prin Jnc6i$!r!a

!r,!&ic% Hi a#&',a&a% a #Hi'r Hi prin apicar!a *i&!'r a )!r!*&r!=; r!aiar!a prin /!n&iai! a #n#i c'n&rac#r!n&=; ,!n&in!r!a p! c& p'*i-i a #n!i #,ini $i)#!=; pr'&!cia pr'$#*!'r ai,!n&ar!=; )''*ir!a -!ni'r ipici'a*! Hi a ,',!i'r &'ic!. Dezvoltarea gândacilor !*&! J,pi!$ica&% prin4

; ,!nin!r!a Jn p!r,an!n% a #n!i c#r%!nii p!r)!c&!=; *p%ar!a p!ri'$ic% c# ap% )i!r-in&! Hi *'$% a par$'*!ii 5p!n&r# "n$acii n!"ri7 Hi a

p!r!i'r Hi ,'-ii!r##i 5p!n&r# "n$acii "%-#i;r'Hcai7. Prevenirea invaziei cu furnici 5#cr%&'ar!7 *! r!ai!a% prin4; a*&#par!a prin i$ir! a &#&#r'r *p%r&#ri'r=; *p%ar!a c# ap% )i!r-in&! Hi *'$% a par$'*!ii=; c'n&r'# a&!n& a *paii'r $in i,!$ia&a apr'pi!r! a Jn&r!prin$!ri'r p!n&r#

r!c#n'aH&!r!a c''nii'r.Pr!/!nir!a in)!*&%rii c# ar&r'p'$!! c! *! $!/'%a Jn pr'$#*!! ai,!n&ar! *!

r!ai!a% prin J,pi!$icar!a p%&r#n$!rii Jn *paii! $! pr!#crar! *a# $!p'i&ar! a

pr'$#*!'r in)!*&a&!= iar pr!/!nir!a in)!*&%rii pr'$#*!'r c#ra&! *! r!ai!a% prin c#r%ir!a

Hi $!in*!cia *ani&ar% c'r!c&% a a,-aa!'r3 a *paii'r $! #cr# Hi a $!p'i&!'r.

M!nin!r!a #n'r &!,p!ra&#ri Jn #r $! 9C *a# $! 02;29C3 $#p% c#, p!r,i&! pr'$#*#

ai,!n&ar r!*p!c&i/3 a*i"#r%3 Jn "!n!ra3 $i*&r#"!r!a !/!n&#a!'r ar&r'p'$! Hi J,pi!$ic% r!aiar!a

cic##i !/'#&i/ 5-i''"ic7.

A!ri*ir!a3 /!n&iar!a3 #,ina Hi #,i$i&a&!a r!$#*! *#n& n'ci/! p!n&r# ,a'ri&a&!a

$%#n%&'ri'r.

P!n&r# J,pi!$icar!a a&ac##i $%#n%&'ri'r3 *#n& #a&! ' *!ri! $! ,%*#ri pr!/!n&i/! Hic#ra&i/!. Din&r! ,%*#ri! pr!/!n&i/! a,in&i,4 /!ri)icar!a Hi r!parar!a !!,!n&!'r $! r!i*&!n% a

$!p'i&!'r3 a*&#par!a cr%p%&#ri'r3 )i*#ri'r Hi a "a!rii'r $! r'%&'ar! $in p'$!a Hi p!r!i3

!&anHar!a #Hi'r Hi )!r!*&r!'r.

7



T'a&! ac!*&! ,%*#ri *! r!ai!a% c# *c'p# $! a J,pi!$ica $%#n%&'rii *% p%&r#n$% Jn

$!p'i&.'ar&! i,p'r&an&% !*&! 'p!rai#n!a $! c#r%ir! a *paii'r $! $!p'i&ar!3 a&& Jn in&!ri'r c&

Hi Jn !&!ri'r3 #r,a&% $! )''*ir!a #n'r in*!c&';acarici$! c# *p!c&r# ar"3 apica&! prin "aar!3

*&r'pir! *a# a!r'*'i.

Tra&a,!n&!! *! apic% a 19 i! $! a c#r%ir!a $!p'i&##i3 a ' &!,p!ra&#r! ,ai ,ar! $!

12 C3 Jnc!pn$ $! *#* Hi &!r,inn$ c# par$'*!i!. D#p% !)!c&#r!a &ra&a,!n&!'r3 $!p'i&# *!

Jnc6i$! !&anH c&!/a 'r!. C&!/a $in&r! pr'$#*!! )''*i&! a &ra&ar!a *paii'r "'a!3 Jnain&! $!

$!p'i&ar!a r!c'&!i3 *#n&4 Ac&!ic 29 EC3 529;199 ,199 ,p7 *a# >;O-i' EC (2 529 ,199

,p7. D#p% $!in*!ci!3 p!r!ii *! /%r#i!*c Hi3 !/!n&#a3 *! /'p*!*c.

Kn &i,p# $!p'i&%rii &r!-#i! !)!c&#a&! c'n&r'a! p!ri'$ic! a pr'$#*!! $!p'i&a&!3 p!n&r#

a p#&!a $!pi*&a a&ac# $! in*!c&! *a# $! r'%&'ar! $in )aa incipi!n&%. Kn ca c'n&rar3 pi!r$!ri!

cr!*c3 Hi ar )i p%ca& p!n&r# ,#nca $!p#*% p! parc#r*# #n#i an Jn&r!".C!! ,ai -#n! r!#&a&! *! '-in prin "aar!. Kn &r!c#& *! )''*!a# p! *car% ar"% -r',#ra

$! ,!&i Hi )'*)#ra $! a#,ini#. C#, -r',#ra $! ,!&i a )'*& in&!ri*%3 Jn pr!!n& *! )''*!*c

pr'$#*! p! -a% $! )'*)#r% $! a#,ini#3 c#, !*&! A"r'in 5+;2 &a-!&!&'na pr'$#*7.

'*)#ra $! a#,ini# *! pr!in&% *#- )'r,% $! &a-!&!3 car! *#- in)#!na #,i$i&%ii $in

a&,'*)!r% *a# $in ,a*a $! c!r!a! $!"a% 6i$r'"!n )'*)'ra&. P!n&r# $!p'i&!! *a# ,a"aii! Jn

car! pr'$#*!! *#n& $!p'i&a&! Jn /rac3 r!#&a&! -#n! *! p'& '-in! prin apicar!a *&ra&i)ica&% a

in*!c&ici$!'r Jn ,a*a pr'$#*##i.C&!/a $in&r! pr'$#*!! )''*i&! Jn c',-a&!r!a $%#n%&'ri'r $! $!p'i& *#n&4 Ac&!ic 29

EC 519 , p.c. $i#a& Jn 1 ap%&'na $! c!r!a!73 >;O-i' EC (2 51999 , $i#a& Jn :: ap%199

&'n! c!r!a!7 3 R!$an (( EC 5(( , p.c. $i#a& Jn 93F2;1 ap%&'na $! c!r!a!7.

P!n&r# c',-a&!r!a r'%&'ar!'r *! p'& )''*i ,',!i4 Pr'&!c& B P!!&* 529 "

,',!i'cai! p!n&r# H'-'an# c!n#Hi# *a# (9 " ,',!i'cai! p!n&r# H'ar!c!! $! ca*%73

Rac#,in Pa*&! 5199;1(9 " ,',!i'cai! p!n&r# H'-'an# c',#n *a# (9;+9 " ,',!i'cai!

p!n&r# H'ar!c!! $! ca*%7 !&c.

4.Condiţii speciale pentru combaterea dăunătorilor

Kn *i&#aia Jn car! c',-a&!r!a $%#n%&'ri'r *! r!ai!a% c# p!r*'na pr'pri#3 ac!*&a /a )i

Jn pr!aa-i in*&r#i& a*#pra ,'$##i $! &ran*p'r&3 ,anip#ar!3 $!p'i&ar! Hi #&iiar! a *#-*&an!'r

8



&'ic!3 Jn&'c,in$#;*! )iH! in$i/i$#a! $! in*&r#ir!. Kn &i,p# !!c#&%rii #cr%ri'r $!

$!in*!ci!3*! /a p#r&a '-i"a&'ri# !c6ipa,!n&# $! pr'&!ci! c'n)'r, n'r,a&i/##i Jn /i"'ar!.

S#n& in&!ri*! )#,a&#3 c'n*#,# $! ai,!n&! Hi -%#&#ri Jn &i,p# #cr##i c# *#-*&an!

&'ic!. D#p% &!r,inar!a #cr%ri'r *a# Jn pa#a $! ,a*%3 #cr%&'rii *! /'r *p%a p! ,ini Hi p!

)a% c# ap%ca$% Hi *%p#n. Ec6ipa,!n&# $! pr'&!ci! *! /a *p%a Hi *! /a a!ri*i. S! in&!ric!

!)!c&#ar!a #cr%ri'r $! "aar! c# ,#nci&'ri -'na/i3 '-'*ii *a# *#- !)!c&# -%#&#ri'r ac''ic!.

E*&! in&!ri*% "aar!a Jn *paii! ipi&! $! 'c#in!3 "ra$#ri *a# -ir'#ri Jn car! *! #cr!a%.

L#cr%ri! $! $!in*!ci! *! /'r !!c#&a c# in*!c&ici$! car! *! apic% p! ca! #,!$%3 c# a!r'*'i3

*a# prin "aar! $ir!c&%.5 QQQ.a"ri,!$ia.r'7

La r!aiar!a $!in*!cii'r *! /a in! *!a,a $! &!6nica $! !!c#&ar! a ac!*&'ra.

La !)!c&#ar!a $!ra&i%rii3 /'r )i an#na&! &'a&! #ni&%i! $in #r# '-i!c&i/##i $!ra&ia&

p!n&r# a #a ,%*#ri $! Jnc6i$!r! a ani,a!'r Hi p%*%ri'r p! p!ri'a$a !!c#&%rii ac!*&'r #cr%ri.Spaii! *#p#*! "a%rii /'r a/!a a)iHa&! in*cripia Cap $! ,'r&”3 p! car! *! /a *cri! A&!ni!3

"a! &'ic! P!ric' $! ,'ar&!. In&rar!a 'pri&%in&!ri*%”3 Hi /'r )i !&anHa&! prin ipir!a )i*#ri'r

#Hi'r Hi a "!a,#ri'r c# -!ni $! 6r&i!. In*cripii! /'r )i a)iHa&! Jnain&! $! Jnc!p!r!a #cr%ri'r

DDT.

Circ#aia Jn #r# $!p'i&##i *#p#* "a%rii /a )i in&!ri*% pn% a ' $i*&an% a$,i*% $!

n'r,!! *p!ci)ic! $! pr'&!cia ,#ncii. D#p% &!r,inar!a "a%rii3 Jnc%p!ri! Hi pr'$#*!! *#p#*!

"a%rii *! a!ri*!*c3 prin $!*c6i$!r!a #Hi'r Hi )!r!*&r!'r3 'p!rai! !)!c&#a&% n#,ai $! 'p!ra&'rii $!"aar! !c6ipai c# ,a&!ria $! pr'&!ci! 5car&#H! )i&ran&!7 *p!ci)ic )i!c%r#i "a Jn par&!.

D!"aar!a *! )ac! pn% n# *! ,ai $!&!c&!a% pr!!na "a##i. Op!ra&'rii $! "a! &'ic! /'r

p#r&a a*#pra 'r3 '-i"a&'ri#3 &r#*! *ani&ar! Hi $! $!&!c&ar! a "a!'r3 pr!c#, Hi an&i$'&#ri!

pr!*cri*! $! n'r,a&i/# Jn /i"'ar!.

P!n&r# pr'&!ar!a #cr%&'ri'r car! ,anip#!a% *#-*&an!! &'ic! Hi !)!c&#!a% #cr%ri $!

$!in*!ci!3 Jn pr!/!nir!a acci$!n&!'r Hi a in&'icaii'r *! /a r!*p!c&a c# *&ric&!! N'r,a&i/#;

ca$r# $! ac'r$ar! Hi #&iiar! a !c6ipa,!n&!'r in$i/i$#a! $! pr'&!ci!”3 apr'-a& prin Or$in#

Mini*&!r##i M#ncii Hi Pr'&!ci!i S'cia! nr. ((2(1 i#i! 1::2.

.Controlul substanţelor folosite la combaterea dăunătorilor

9



T'a&! pr'$#*!! #&iia&! a c',-a&!r!a $%#n%&'ri'r &r!-#i! *% )i!4 apr'-a&! p!n&r# a )i

)''*i&! Jn in$#*&ria ai,!n&ar% Hi *% )i! c#prin*! Jn c'$!# pr'$#*!'r $! # )i&'*ani&ar

',''"a&! Jn R',nia” Hi Jn c',p!&%ri! a ac!*&!a= $i*p#*! Hi ,anip#a&! $! p!r*'na a#&'ria&3

in*&r#i& Jn ac!*& *!n*= apica&! Jn c'nc'r$an% c# $ir!c&i/!! Jn /i"'ar!= a,-aa!! *% )i! in&!"r!=

!&ic6!&a&! Hi p%*&ra&! c'r!*p#n%&'r3 Jn *paii *p!cia a,!naa&!.

''*ir!a Hi ,anip#ar!a a,-aa!'r p!n&r# *#-*&an! &'ic! *! /a )ac! n#,ai $! c%&r!

'p!ra&'rii $! "a!3 c# r!*p!c&ar!a N'r,!'r *p!ci)ic! $! pr'&!ci! a ,#ncii p!n&r#

r!c!pi'nar!a3 c'n*!r/ar!a3 p%*&rar!a Hi /a'ri)icar!a pr'$#*!'r a"ric'!” apr'-a&! prin Or$in#

2:1::F a Mini*&!r##i M#ncii Hi Pr'&!ci!i S'cia!. P%*&rar!a *#-*&an!'r &'ic! *! /a )ac!

n#,ai Jn a,-aa!! 'ri"ina! Hi car! n# pr!in&% nici #n )! $! $!)!ci#n!. S! in&!ric!

&ran*p'r&# a&'r p!r*'an!3 Jn a)ar% $! 'p!ra&'rii $! "a!3 c# ,i'ac! a#&' Jnc%rca&! c# *#-*&an!

&'ic!. E/i$!na *#-*&an!'r &'ic! *! /a in! p! r!"i*&r! *!,na&! Hi para)a&!. D!p'i&ar!a*#-*&an!'r &'ic! *! /a )ac! Jn *paii *!c#ria&!3 c'n)'r, !"i*ai!i Jn /i"'ar!.

D!p'i&ar!a *#-*&an!'r &'ic! )''*i&! Jn c'n&r'# $%#n%&'ri'r &r!-#i! *% *! )ac% Jn

*paii *p!cia a,!naa&!3 car! *#n& pr!/%#&! c# #Hi car! *! Jnc6i$ !&anH3 c# "!a,#ri aH!a&! a

par&!a *#p!ri'ar% a Jnc%p!rii3 $'&a&! c# "ra&ii3 p!n&r# a !/i&a in&rar!a p!r*'an!'r *&r%in!. UHi! Hi

)!r!*&r!! /'r )i Jnc6i*! c# ac%&! Hi "ra&ii. S! p'a&! )''*i Hi *i*&!,# $! Jnc6i$!r! !!c&r'nic%. Kn

ac!*& ca3 in&rar!a Jn incin&a *pai##i $! $!p'i&ar! *! /a )ac! $'ar p! -a% $! car&!% !!c&r'nic%.

Spai# $! $!p'i&ar! a *#-*&an!'r &'ic! /a )i $'&a& c# ra)&#ri3 p!n&r# aH!ar!a *#-*&an!'r &'ic! Jn )#nci! $! *c'p# )''*irii Hi a "ra$##i $! p!ric#'i&a&!.

S#-*&an!! &'ic! *! Jnca$r!a% Jn 0 "r#p! $! &'ici&a&! Hi3 p!n&r# a&!ni'nar!a

p!r*'an!'r car! /in Jn c'n&ac& c# !!3 )i!c%r!i "r#p! i *! /a a*'cia ' c#'ar!4 r'H# ; "r#pa I3

pr'$#*! !&r!, $! &'ic!= /!r$! ; "r#pa II3 pr'$#*! p#&!rnic &'ic!= a-a*&r# ; "r#pa III3 pr'$#*!

,'$!ra& &'ic!= n!"r# ; "r#pa IV3 pr'$#*! c# &'ici&a&! r!$#*%.

''*ir!a Hi apicar!a *#-*&an!'r &'ic! *! /a )ac! $'ar $! c%&r! p!r*'na cai)ica&.

i!car! r!cipi!n& car! c'nin! *#-*&an! &'ic! &r!-#i! *% pr!in&! ' !&ic6!&%3 p! car! &r!-#i! *% *!

r!"%*!a*c% #r,%&'ar!! in)'r,aii4 n#,!! ,%rcii *a# a c',pani!i car! J pr'$#c!= &ip# $!

pr!!n&ar!4 $i)!ri&! &ip#ri $! *#-*&an! &'ic! *! pr!in&% Jn $i)!ri&! )'r,! 5ic6i$%3 *!,iic6i$% Hi

p#$r%73 n!c!*i&n$ $i)!ri&! )'r,! $! )''*ir! Hi ,anip#ar!. P! !&ic6!&% &r!-#i! Jn*cri*% )'r,a *#-

car! *! pr!in&% *#-*&ana= $!n#,ir!a c',#n% ; *#-*&an!! a# ' $!n#,ir! H&iini)ic% Hi #na

##a%= i*&a *#-*&an!'r ac&i/! Hi a in"r!$i!n&!'r= "r!#&a&!a n!&%= n#,!! Hi a$r!*a )ir,!i

10



pr'$#c%&'ar!= c#/in&! $! pr!/!nir! Hi *i,-'#ri4 P!ric#'*3 A/!r&i*,!n&3 A&!ni!3 T'ic= aci#n!a

a*#pra ',##i Hi ani,a!'r $',!*&ic!= aci#n!a a*#pra ,!$i##i Jnc'n#r%&'r= ri*c#ri! )iic! Hi

c6i,ic!= in*&r#ci#ni $! )''*ir!= $',!nii$ir!cii $! #&iiar!= r!*&ricii $!

#&iiar!)''*ir!$ir!cii $! )''*ir! Hi ca&!"'ria $! pr'$#*! a car! *! p'a&! )''*i= $i*p'iii

pri/in$ ,'$# $! a$,ini*&rar!3 $'!3 &i,p $! aci#n! Hi )r!c/!na #&ii%rii= $i*p'iii pri/in$

,'$# $! $!p'i&ar! Hi $i*p'iii *p!cia! $! ,anip#ar!.

Alte măsuri de combatere a dăunătorilor din spaţiile de depozitare!

"ăsuri mecanice

Ca mijloace mecanice *! p'& )''*i c#r*!3 capcan!3 "r'pi3 ciin$ri capcan%3 car! a# r'# $! a

prin$! Hi ','rJ r'%&'ar!! *a# $! a ! cap&#ra. Ac!*&!a a# !)ici!n% r!$#*% Hi *! #&ii!a% $'ar

a&#nci cn$ n#,%r# H'-'ani'r Hi H'ar!ci'r !*&! ,ic.

i" 2.1. Capcana r'%&'ar! 5*#r*% In&!rn!&7

P#n!r!a a "!a,#ri! $! a ,a"aii a #n'r pa*! $! *r,%3 r!pr!in&% &'& ' ,%*#r% ,!canic%

$! c',-a&!r! a $%#n%&'ri'r $in $!p'i&!.

"ăsuri fizice ; !*&! c#n'*c#& )ap&# c% $%#n%&'ri $! 'ric! )! a# #n pra" *#p!ri'r $!

r!i*&!n% a &!,p!ra&#ri Jna&! Hi #n# in)!ri'r a &!,p!ra&#ri *c%#&!3 ,a'ri&a&!a $%#n%&'ri'r

*#n& $i*&r#Hi a &!,p!ra&#ri $! p!*&! 22 9C=

11



"i#loacele fizice *#n& r!pr!!n&a&! $! apara&!! "!n!ra&'ar! $! #&ra*#n!&! Hi #n$!

!!c&r',a"n!&ic! Hi $! capcan!! c# -!ni a$!i/!.

Apara&!! "!n!ra&'ar! $! #&ra*#n!&! aci'n!% prin !,i&!r!a $! #&ra*#n!&! 5(2 7 *a# prin aci#n!a p#*a&'ri! a&!rna&i/% a #&ra*#n!&!'r Hi a #n$!'r !!c&r',a"n!&ic! Jn $',!ni# $!

)r!c/!n% $! (2 Hi 09 .

i".2.( Apara& #&ra*#n!&! p!n&r# Jn%&#rar! r'%&'ar! 5*#r*% In&!rn!&7Un$!! !!c&r',a"n!&ic! *! pr'pa"% p! circ#i&# ca-#ri'r !!c&ric!3 $!rann$

$%#n%&'rii3 car! p%r%*!*c ar!a#.Capcan!! p! car! *! apic% -!ni! a$!i/! cap&#r!a% r'%&'ar!!3 )%r% a ! ','ri.

12



i".2.+ B!ni a$!i/! p!n&r# prin$!r! $%#n%&'ri 5*#r*% In&!rn!&7

"ăsuri c$imice ; c#, ar )i "aar!a ,a*!i $! *!,in! $in ,a"aii c# $i)!ri&!

*#-*&an! &'ic! r!c',an$a&! $! i&!ra&#ra $! *p!ciai&a&!. Mijloacele chimice 5ra&ici$! *a# r'$!n&ici$!7 *#n& *#-*&anŢ!! a cĂr'r !)!c& &'ic

!*&! $!&!r,ina& $! Kn*#Şiri! *p!ci)ic! *#-*&an!i3 capaci&a&!a $! a-*'r-i! Hi &i,p# $!

!i,inar! $in 'r"ani*,. S! #&ii!a% $! a*!,!n!a Hi a&rac&anHi 5*#-*&an! car! a&ra"

r'%&'ar!!7 pa*ai Jn capcan!.

R'$!n&ici$!! *! p'& pr!!n&a Jn *&ar! ic6i$%3 *'i$% *a# "a'a*% Hi p'& )i r!pr!!n&a&! $!4

;*#-*&an! 'r"anic! 5Jn "!n!ra $! na&#r% /!"!&a%7

13



;*#-*&an! c6i,ic! $! *in&!%

;*#-*&an! an'r"anic!

i".2.0. R'$!n&ici$! 5*#r*% In&!rn!&7

Mijloacele biologice $! c',-a&!r! a r'%&'ar!'r #&iia&! p'& )i a"!ni ,icr'-i!ni car!

pr'$#c in)!cii ,'r&a! *a# c#&#ri -ac&!ri!n!. S! #&ii!a% p! *car% r!$#*% $!'ar!c! *#n&

&'ic! Hi p!n&r# ', Hi ani,a!.

ac&'rii -i''"ici #&ii Jn #p&a J,p'&ri/a r'%&'ar!'r *#n& $#H,anii na&#rai ai ac!*&'ra

5,a,i)!r!3 r!p&i! *a# p%*%ri7.

i".2.2. Pi*ica Hi H'ric! 5*#r*% In&!rn!&7

Bi-i'"ra)i!

14



Ban# C.3 (99F. S#/!rani&a&!3 *!c#ri&a&! i *i"#ran % ai,!n&ar%.ș ț

E$i&#ra ASAB3 B#c#r! &i.ș

On! C.3 On! A#r!ia3 (99. I"i!na #ni&% i'r ai,!n&ar!4 #cr%riț ț ț

prac&ic!. E$i&#ra Uni/!r*i&% ii3 Ora$!ațSa,#i C.3 (919. T!6n''"ii "!n!ra! /!"!&a!. E$i&#ra “I'n

I'n!*c# $! a Bra$”3 Ia*i.&! ca G. i c'a-.3 (990. I"i!na #ni&% i'r $! in$#*&ri! ai,!n&ar%.Ș ț ș ț

E$i&#ra ACADEMIC PRES3 C#;Nap'ca..V I/an'/a31:::. Da#na&'rii $in $!p'i&! *i c',-a&!r!a 'r3

E$i&#ra Li&!ra&#ra r',ana3 B#c#r!*&i.

6&&p4QQQ.*ana&a&!apan&!'r.r'QQQ.a"ri,!$ia.r'.

Pr'i!c& r!aia& $! Cri*&ian A!an$ra;E!naac#&a&!a $! A"ric#&#r%Ma&!ria4 Principii! c'n*!r/%rii pr'$#*!'r ai,!n&ar!

Ma*&!r an# ISp!ciaiar!a4 Ep!r&i% p! )ii!ra pr'$#*!'r ai,!n&ar!

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