PREPOZITII DE LOC

IN

- in din romaneste

- cand actiunea este statica, se poate traduce cu intr-un, intr-o

- partile corpului se folosesc cu in

- se foloseste la superlative.

- orasele mari sunt cu IN.

Obs: Pentru in autobuz, in tren, in avion vezi on

- I lost my keys in the car. – Mi-am pierdut cheile in masina.

- I found the keys in a pocket. – Am gasit cheile intr-un buzunar.

- in the arm – la brat.

- the most beautiful girl in the land – cea mai frumoasa fata din tinut

- one in a thousand - unul dintr-o mie.

- in Paris, in Bucharest

Alte contexte pentru IN

Is Margaret in? Este Margareta acasa? Aici in este de fapt adverb.

AT

– inseamna la

Daca actiunea este statica se foloseste at

Pentru verbe de miscare vezi to.

He's at the door. - El e la usa.

He's at the railway station. - E la gara.

I sat down at the table. – M-am asezat la masa.

I'm at the library. - Sunt la biblioteca.

ON

– se foloseste de asemeni la etaje

- TV, radio. internet

- autobuz, avion, tren

- on the table, the chair etc – pe masa, pe scaun etc

- on the left – pe (partea) stanga

- on the first floor – la primul etaj

- on TV – la TV.

- on the radio – la radio

- on the internet – pe internet

- I lost my keys on the bus, on the plane, on the train. - Mi-am pierdut cheile pe autobuz, in avion, pe tren

BY/NEXT TO/BESIDE

- langa, alaturi.

By, next to si beside sunt sinonime.

In the picture, my friend is standing by me. - In poza prietena mea sta langa mine.

Stand by me! – Sprijina-ma (moral)!

BESIDES

BESIDES nu trebuie confundat cu beside.

Besides poate fi tradus cu pe langa

Pe langa matematica, iau si cursuri de fizica.- Besides math I also take physics classes.

UNDER

– sub

- poate avea si sens abstract.

- The dog is under the table. - Cainele e sub masa

- Underground, ants build entire cities. - Sub pamant, furnicile construiesc adevarate orase.

- This job is under me. - Aceasta slujba nu este demna de mine.

- Under construction. - in constructie.

- Under atac. – atacat.

- Under arrest. – arestat.

UNDERNEATH

- are acelasi inteles ca under dar subliniaza ideea de ceva mic, complet acoperit de ceva mare.

Asemanator cu dedesubt.

Underneath se refera numai la lucruri fizice nu se refera la situatii abstracte.

The money is underneath the book. - Banii sunt sub carte.

BELOW

– sub

Below arata ca ceva este mai jos decat altceva, nu ca este neaparat sub un obiect material.

below zero temperature - sub 0 grade

Below the surface seaweed grows in abundance. - Sub suprafata (apei) algele cresc din abundenta.

The image below. – imaginea de mai jos.

He is below average. – El se afla sub medie.

OVER

– peste

I will spread the blanket over the bed. - Voi intinde patura peste pat

The bear went over the mountain. – Ursul a trecut peste munte.

A little over a kilometre. – Putin peste un kilometru.

Walk over the bridge. – Treci peste pod (traverseaza podul)

He will get over it. – Ii va trece.

Over his head – Peste intelegerea lui, prea destept pentru el.

We quarelled over nothing. – Ne-am certat pentru nimic.

Over here. – aici, over there – acolo.

ABOVE

- deasupra.

Above este opusul lui Below iar Over este opusul lui Under.

The room above (us). Camera de deasupra noastra.

5 degrees above 0. - 5 grade peste 0.

I try to stay above these quarrels. – Incerc sa raman deasupra acestor certuri.

ACROSS

– peste, de-a curmezisul.

- de partea cealalta.

Over are intelesul de asezat peste ceva, across nu.

I live across the street – Locuiesc pe partea cealalta a strazii.

I came across an old man in the forest - Am dat de/peste un batran in padure.

THROUGH

- prin.

Through un loc inchis.

I walked through the forest. – Am mers prin padure.

I drove through the tunnel.

TO

– la, catre.

Spre deosebire de AT care arata ca te afli undeva, TO arata ca mergi spre acel loc.

I am going to the library. In 10 minutes I will be at the library. – Merg catre bibliteca. In 10 minute voi fi la biblioteca.

He turned to me. – S-a intors catre mine.

He worked them to exhaustion. - I-a pus sa munceasca pana la epuizare.

He was nursed back to health. – A fost ingrijit pana la insanatosire.

An answer to my question. – Un raspuns la intrebarea mea.

INTO

– in

Spre deosebire de in, into exprima patrunderea intr-un spatiu.

He went in/into the kitchen to get the salt - S-a dus in bucatarie sa ia sarea.

Go to your room! - Du-te in camera ta (esti pedepsit)!

He went deeper and deeper into the forest. - S-a afundat din ce in ce mai adanc in padure.

-He went into the kitchen. - A intrat in bucatarie.

The prince was turned into a frog. - Printul s-a transformat intr-o broasca.

TOWARDS

- spre

Miscare intr-o directie dar cu aproximatie.

Take 10 steps towards me. - Fa 10 pasi spre mine.

BEFORE

- inainte

He stood before me in line. – Era inaintea mea la coada.

ONTO

- pe ceva mai sus decat restul

The dog jumped onto the chair. – Cainele a sarit pe scaun.

ABOUT

- in jurul

There are flowers all about me. - Sunt flori peste tot in jurul meu.

PREPOZITII DE TIMP

ON

- se foloseste pentru a indica o zi a saptamanii sau o zi a anului.

I will go see him on Monday. - Ma duc sa-l vad luni.

I was born on October 13, on Monday - M-am nascut pe 13 octombrie, lunea.

IN

– indica luna sau anotimpul

- indica perioada din zi

- indica anul

- indica peste cat timp va avea loc ceva

- in March - in martie

- in winter - iarna

- in the morning - dimineata

- in the evening - seara

- I will graduate in 2014 - Voi absolvi in 2014

- in an hour - intr-o ora

AT

Se foloseste in legatura cu noaptea.

At night I hear voices. - Noaptea aud voci.

SINCE

Dintr-un moment trecut si pana acum.

Since World War 2 many things have changed. - De la al Doilea Razboi Mondial multe s-au schimbat.

FOR

Timp de: intr-o anumita perioada de timp, din trecut si pana acum.

She has been away for two years. - A fost plecata timp de doi ani

FROM

De la - marcheaza momentul de inceput al unei actiuni.

I start working from 6 in the evening. - Muncesc incepand de la 6 seara.

AGO

– acum (numai legat de timp)

Two years ago. - Acum doi ani

BEFORE

– legat de timp inseamna inainte de o anumita data.

He was born before 1980. - El s-a nascut inainte de 1980.

Before you leave. – Inainte sa pleci.

TO

– are rolul lui fara din romana pentru exprimarea timpului

12 fara 10, 10 to 12.

PAST

- are rolul lui si din romana pentru exprimarea timpului:

12 si 10 - 10 past 12

TILL/UNTIL

- impreuna cu FROM formeaza combinatia: de la ... pana la

- fara FROM inseamna pana.

Till si until sunt sinonime.

I study English from 6 till 7 everyday. - Studiez engleza de la 6 la 7 zilnic.

He has until Friday to finish the project. - Are pana vineri sa-si termine proiectul?

Please stay indoors until the storm has passed. - Te rog stai in casa pana trece furtuna.

BY

– cel tarziu

- pana in

I will be back by six. - Ma intorc cel tarziu la 6.

By June I had learned to ride a bike. - Pana in iunie invatasem sa merg pe bicicleta.

By spre deosebire de until indica o data limita

He has until Friday to finish the project. - until este pozitiv, arata tot intervalul de timp in care el poate termina proiectul.

He has by Friday to finish the project. – are caracter de avertizare.

OVER

over este numai in legatura cu trecutul.

Over a century ago. – Acum peste un secol

Over time. – De-a lungul timpului.

He stayed over the weekend. – A stat (la noi) peste weekend.

We talked over a cup of coffee. - Am stat de vorba la o ceasca de cafea.

OF

- se foloseste la exprimarea datei.

The Fourth of July. – Patru iulie.

The first of December. - Intai decembrie.

He was born on the the 20th of May. - S-a nascut pe 20 mai.

AFTER

- se foloseste la exprimarea orei

- inseamna dupa

10 after five. Cinci si zece.

I am tired after I run. – Sunt obosit dupa ce alerg.

Year after year. – An dupa an.

DURING

- in timpul.

During the day I play and at night I work. - In timpul zilei ma joc si in timpul noptii muncesc.

During the concert, my cell phone rang. – In timpul concertului, mi-a sunat mobilul.

Prepozitii de loc:

In general se tine cont de urmatoarele reguli:

at = pentru un punct, un reper

in = pentru o anumita zona

on = pentru o suprafata

at in on

punct, un reper zona suprafata

at the corner in the garden on the wall

at the bus stop in London on the ceiling

at the door in France on the door

at the top of the page in a box on the cover

at the end of the road in my pocket on the floor

at the entrance in my wallet on the carpet

at the crossroads in a building on the menu

at the entrance in a car on a page

Exista expresii standar cu prepozitiile de loc.Iata-le :

at in on

at home in a car on a bus

at work in a taxi on a train

at school in a helicopter on a plane

at university in a boat on a ship

at college in a lift (elevator) on a bicycle, on a motorbike

at the top in the newspaper on a horse, on an elephant

at the bottom in the sky on the radio, on television

at the side in a row on the left, on the right

at reception in Oxford Street on the way

Prepozitiile de timp :

at = atunci cand timpul este precizat

in = pentru luni, ani, secole si perioade lungi

on = pentru zile si date

Iata cateva exemple:

at in on

timp precizat luni, ani, secole si perioade lungi zile si date

at 3 o'clock in May on Sunday

at 10.30am in summer on Tuesdays

at noon in the summer on 6 March

at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec. 2010

at bedtime in the 1990s on Christmas Day

at sunrise in the next century on Independence Day

at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday

at the moment in the past/future on New Year's Eve