Nouras Mihaela-Caracterizarea Psihologica a Atentiei

8/13/2019 Nouras Mihaela-Caracterizarea Psihologica a Atentiei

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Atentia este un mecanism psihic desustinere energetica a activitatii.

Atentia intruneste :

Dimensiuneaprocesuala

Dimensiuneafunctionala

Dimensiuneade activitate

Starea de veghe Reactia de

orientare Starea de

vigilenta

Activare selectiva Concentrare Orientare

Activitatiperceptiv-

cognitive


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Specificul atentiei se leaga de:

Selectarea informatiilor/stimulilor

Filtrarea informatiilor/stimulilor

Informatia CUNOSCUTA

NOUA

(stimuli

prosexigeni)

Genereazaraspunsuride genulselectie-

respingere

Nu existaraspunsuripresetate

In

pregatirea

raspunsului

Instante

psihice(procese

,operatii,etape)


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In raport cu stimulii prosexigeni suntdeclansate 3 reactii specifice pentru

caracterizarea atentiei:

Reactia de orientare

Reactia de focalizare(concentrare)

Reactia de selectie


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Din perspectiva procesualitatii,atentia incepela nivel fiziologic si se continua in plan psiho-motor.

Etapa IReactia de orientare

Etapa IIActivarea

Etapa IIISET

(atitudinepregatitoare,fenomen

pre-perceptiv,stareanticipativa

Etapa VConcentrarea

Etapa IVSelectia


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Din punct de vedere functional,atentiaindplineste urmatoarele functii:

Functia de orientare,concentrare siselectie

Functia de adaptare reglatorie


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Concentrarea atentieipe toti stimulii

Consumenergetic

enorm

Ignorarea tuturorstimulilor

Izolareextrema


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Selectia presupune prelucrareainformatiei.

In functie de momentul prelucrariiinformatiei legate de stimuli exista:

SELECTIEPRECOCE

SELECTIETARDIVA

Momentuldetectarii

caracteristicilorfizice alestimulului

-Momentul prelucrarii

semantice(intelesulstimulului)

-Coincide cumomentul alegerii

unui raspuns


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REGLAREA

ADAPTAREA a activitatii

SUSTINEREA ENERGETICA

Reglarea si adaptarea sunt importante:

Nivelfiziologic

Nivelemotional

Nivelcognitiv


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The aims of the curent studies were to examine the effects of

caffeine on a simulated driving task and also on subjective alertnessand a sustained attention task.It was predicted that caffeine wouldincrease alterness,improve sustained attention.

Participants:24 volunteers(12 male,12 female)non-smokers,free ofmedication and regular consumers of caffeinated coffee and hada minimum 1 years driving experience.

Method :each participant attended 4 test sessions on separatedays: 2 sessions of the driving task and 2 of the computer task.Eachparticipant received 3 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo for bothtasks.---limited alchool intake in the evening before each testsession.

-questionnaire(sleeping and eating habits over the previous 24 h);mood

was assessed before and after both tasks;after the baseline session,theyconsumed the experimental beverage(caffeine or placebo);after 30min they returned and completed a second 1h test session.

Results:participants didnt differ in terms of pre-test measures ofsleep duration and alchool consumption on the evening beforeprior to each of the 4 test days.

A significant main effect of caffeine was found for the measure ofalertness(alertness raitings increased after caffeine administration )


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3 experiments(both real and simulated driving conditions)

It was compared the performance on a target detectiontask of subjects engaged in a conversation with hand-held,hands-free(earphones),hands-free(external

loudspeaker) road environment aware passenger androad environment unaware passenger.

Results consistently showed that reactions times to targetswere slower in the hand held and hands-free(earphones)conditions that in hands-free(loudspeakers)condtion.

Shifting attention across different spaces contributes to the

negative effects of mobile phone conversations whiledriving.

The awarness of the road environment affected onlymarginally the reaction times to targets suggesting thatconversational factors have more variable and lessconsistent effects.


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Fundamentele psihologiei,Mihai Anitei Psihologie manual pentru clasa a X-a,Paul Popescu

Neveanu,Mielu Zlate,Tinca Cretu http://gen.lib.rus.ec/
http://gen.lib.rus.ec/http://gen.lib.rus.ec/


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Nouras Mihaela-Caracterizarea Psihologica a Atentiei

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