Lucrare licenta psihologie

8/21/2019 Lucrare licenta psihologie

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FUNDATIA ,,ROMÂNIA DE MÂINE”UNIVERSITATEA SPIRU HARETFACULTATEA DE SOCIOLOGIE-PSIHOLOGIE

LUCRARE DE DIPLOMA

Coordonator: conf. n!". dr. PACURAR DOINA

Absolventa: DIMITRESCU (SPIRIDON) ELENA-OLGA

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FUNDATIA ,,ROMÂNIA DE MÂINE”


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UNIVERSITATEA SPIRU HARETFACULTATEA DE SOCIOLOGIE-PSIHOLOGIE

LUCRARE DE DIPLOMA

Coordonator: conf. n!". dr. PACURAR DOINA

Absolventa: SPIRIDON ELENA OLGA

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STA&ILITATE SI FRA'ILI(ARE, IN CONDITII DE SCHIM&ARE SOCIALA, A RELATIEI PERSONALITATE # COMPORTAMENT

LA VARSTA ADULTA


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Ca"#tol$l I Int%o&$'e%e I *%sta a&$lta+ "%oble,a &e #nvest#at#e "s#.oso'#olo#'a I/ Mot#vat#a alee%## te,e#

Ca"#tol$l II Anal#0a 'on'e"telo% 1$n&a,entale '$ 'a%e se o"e%ea0a #n l$'%a%e: II Pe%sonal#tate II/ Co,"o%ta,ent II2 Relat#a "e%sonal#tate- 'o,"o%ta,ent II3 Stab#l#tate s# 1%a#l#0a%e II4 S'.#,ba%e so'#ala II5 *%sta a&$lta II5 A&$lt$l n "$n't &e ve&e%e 1#0#' II5/ A&$lt$l n "$n't &e ve&e%e "s#.#' II52 A&$lt$l n "$n't &e ve&e%e so'#al

II53 Invata%ea la a&$lt

Ca"#tol$l III Stab#l#tate s# 1%a#l#0a%e la v*%sta a&$lta

Ca"#tol$l I Relat#a "e%sonal#tate -'o,"o%ta,ent la v*%sta a&$lta

Ca"#tol$l Invest#at## 'on'%ete: I"ote0a 'e%'eta%## / S'o"+ ob#e't#ve

2 Meto&e 1olos#te #n #nvest#at#e 3 P%e0enta%ea %e0$ltatelo% s# #nte%"%eta%ea a'esto%a 4 Con'l$0##

Ca"#tol$l I Cons#&e%at## 1#nale

Ane6e

7#bl#o%a1#e

STA&ILITATE SI FRA'ILI(ARE, IN CONDITII DE SCHIM&ARESOCIALA, A RELATIEI PERSONALITATE#COMPORTAMENT LA

VARSTA ADULTA CAPITOLUL I

INTRODUCERE


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I.1 Vârsta adulta - problema de investigatie psihosociologica

Des# "a% nese#s,#'e+ v*%stele a&$lte a$ tot at*t &e ,$lte "%oble,e "s#.o-so'#ale &e st$at la 1el 'a s# toate 'elelalte "e%#oa&e n evol$t#a $,ana: 'o"#la%#a+

a&oles''enta+ t#ne%etea s# v*%stele &e %e%es#eA 1# a&$lt n$ #nsea,na &oa% o ,at$%#tate &e"l#na 1#0#'a+ "s#.#'a s# so'#al-'$lt$%ala '#+ "e l*na a'easta s# $n "%o'es &e &e0volta%e+ &a% ,a# "%es$"$ne s##n'e"$t$l $n$# $so% &e'l#n ,a# ales #n lat$%# 1#0#'e+ &a% s# "s#.#'e s# so'#ale8#nsea,na '%#0e t%a#te #n ,o& s$b#e't#v &e 1#e'a%e a&$lt #n "a%te+ #ne%ent &e 'lasaso'#ala 'a%e#a ## a"a%t#ne sa$ &e "e%#oa&a #sto%#'a t%ave%sata

9$n este &e "a%e%e 'a ++#nt%e 24-3 an# se "%eateste o ,o#'a%e &e ,a%e#nse,natate a s$1let$l$# o,enes';

P%#n s$1let e$ #ntele 'eea 'e n$ "oate 1# ,as$%at s# '$ant#1#'at #n "s#.#'$l$,an8 a'olo n$ a$ 'e 'a$ta #nst%$,ente s# a"a%ate+ teste sa$ ,as$%ato%#8 tot$s#

a'olo este #0vo%$l a'elo% t%asat$%# obse%vab#le+ a'elo% t%asat$%# 'a%e ne &e1#nes' 'a#nv#&$al#tat# st#n'te+ 'a "e%sonal#tat# $,ane S# at$n'#+ 'e%'etato%$l 'a%e v%ea saa%$n'e o "%#v#%e #n a'est s$1let al a&$lt$l$#+ t%eb$#e sa 1oloseas'a intelegerea siempatia "ent%$ a a?$ne la "%a$l+ n'olo &e 'a%e+ s$nt "a%a,et%# stat#st#',as$%ab#l#

E6#sta an$,#te ste%eot#"## so'#ale "%#v#n& a&$lt$l+ an$,#te "%e?$&e'at#: el este'ons#&e%at o,$l 'a%e n$ ,a# t%eb$#e sa aste"te n#,#' &e la v#ata n ,o,ent 'e s#-a&e1#n#t#vat $n stat$t s# %ol so'#al+ "%o1es#onal+ ,a%#tal In v#%t$tea a'este#

"%e?$&e'at#+ (#nte%nal#0ata n v*%stele "%e'e&ente)+ #n 'onst##nta o,$l$# a?$ns la

,at$%#tate+ a"a%e o 'ont%a't#e #nt%e 'eea 'e-s# #,a#na 'a va s#,t# la v*%sta a&$ltas# 'eea 'e s#,te el #n "%e0ent S# at$n'# #n'e"e sa se s$ba"%e'#e0e+ #n'e%'*n& sa%e&$'a n tens#$n#le "%ovo'ate &e 'ont%a't#a #nte%na

M$lte st$# a$ a%atat 'a oa,en## ,a# #n va%sta "a% sa a#ba ,a# "$t#na#n'%e&e%e #n e# #ns#s# &e'at la o va%sta ante%#oa%aA'easta n$ este n$,a# %e0$ltat$l&e'l#n$l$# $ne# an$,#te 'a"a'#tat#+ '# s# al a''e"ta%## &e 'at%e e# a 'l#se$l$#&e%a&a%##

In s"%#?#n$l 'elo% s"$se a&$' a1#%,at##le l$# R$'@ 'e 'ons#&e%a 'a oa,en##,a# #n v*%sta s$ba"%e'#a0a 'a"a'#tatea lo% &e ,$n'a+ 'eea 'e a% "$tea sa a#ba o#n1l$enta as$"%a "e%1o%,ante# lo% e1e't#ve

++Sent#,ent$l; s$b#e't#v al #,bat%an#%##+ al s'a&e%## 'a"a'#tat## &e "e%1o%,anta&e"#n&e #n ,o& esent#al s# &e %elat##le so'#ale+ &e "%oble,a ,o&$l$# #n 'a%eso'#etatea se "%eo'$"a &e ?$sta #n'a&%a%e a oa,en#lo% ,a# #n v*%sta s# le t%ans,#tesa%'#n# 'a%e sa 'o%es"$n&a 'a"a'#tat## lo% &e ,$n'a

Re0$ltatele l$# Ba%sten(!5) '$ "%#v#%e la t%a#%ea s$b#e't#va a v*%ste# a&$lte "a% sa 'on1#%,e #"ote0a 'a ++se "%o&$'e o %elat#e #nt%e #,a#nea &es"%e s#ne a1#e'a%$#a s# at#t$nea ,e$l$# "%#v#n& #nte%a%ea #nv#&$l$#; el1o%& a?$ne laa'eeas# 'on'l$0#e

++C$ '*t ,a# ,$lt se a"%o"#e o,$l &e ,#?lo'$l v#et## s# '$ '*t ,a# b#ne %e$seste

sa-s# 'onsol#&e0e at#t$nea "e%sonala s# s#t$at#a so'#ala+ '$ at*t ,a# ,$lt # se "a%e'a a &es'o"e%#t 'alea 'ea b$na #n v#ata+ "%e'$, s# a&eva%atele #&eal$%# s# "%#n'#"##&e 'o,"o%ta,entDe a'eea #s# #n'.#"$#e 'a a'estea s$nt ete%n valab#le s# #s# 1a'e o


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v#%t$te n a le %a,*ne ,e%e$ 1#&el;- D$"a "a%e%ea l$# 9$n+ ante%#o% '#tat+++at#ne%ea tel$%#lo% so'#ale se 1a'e #n &et%#,ent$l #,"l#n#%## "e%sonal#tat##;

E6#sta 1oa%te ,$lte 1e,e# la 'a%e 'onst##nta s# %es"onsab#l#tatea so'#ala set%e0es' '$ a&eva%at ab#a &$"a 3 an# D#n 'e%'eta%# a %e0$ltat 'a a'este "%e1a'e%#s$nt #nsot#te 1oa%te 1%e'vent &e 'atast%o1e ,at%#,on#ale &e tot 1el$l+ at$n'# '*n&

ba%bat$l #s# &es'o"e%a s#,ta,#ntele &el#'ate+ #a% 1e,e#a+ #ntele't$l++E %e$ sa-t# &a# sea,a 'e tel$%# a% t%eb$# sa a#ba a &o$a ?$,atate a v#et##+altele &e'*t 'ele n "%#,a: e6t#n&e%ea v#et##+ $t#l#tatea+ e1#'#enta+ %e$s#ta #n v#ataso'#ala+ nete0#%ea 'a#lo% $%,as#lo% 'at%e 'asato%## 'onvenab#le s# s#t$at## b$ne8&est$le %ost$%# #n v#ata;

M$lt# n$ ,a# s$nt #n sta%e sa va&a #n #,bat%*n#%e &e'at o #,"$t#na%e a v#et## s#n$ s#,t &e'at 'a #&eal$%#le &e on#oa%a a$ "al#t s# s-a$ $0at++Da% 1oa%te "$t#n#oa,en# s$nt a%t#st# a# v#et##+ s# a%ta &e a t%a# este 'ea ,a# nob#la s# 'ea ,a# %a%ant%e a%te;

S$b $n.# b#olo#'+ &e'l#n$l #n'e"e &$"a 3-4 &e an# D#n "$n't &e ve&e%e

"s#.olo#' s# so'#al+ ,at$%#tatea "oate 'ont#n$a #nsa "ana la = &e an#Co"#la%#a sta ,a# ,$lt s$b #,"e%#$l &ete%,#na%## 'a$0ale+ '$ 'a%a'te%

"%e'$,"an#to% b#olo#' In s'.#,b+ a&oles'enta s# ,at$%#tatea sta$ s$b se,n$l&ete%,#na%## "%os"e't#ve+ '$ 'a%a'te% "%e&o,#nant "s#.o-so'#al s# ,a# ales '$lt$%ala%#at## ase,anatoa%e as#, s# s$b $n.#$l #e%a%.#e# so'#al-e'ono,#'e O,$ls#,"l$+ '$ "o0#t#e e'ono,#'a s# so'#al-'$lt$%ala ,o&esta+ %a,*ne #nt%eaa v#ata s$b

"ova%a nevo#lo%+ 'a%e s$nt ,a# ,$lt 'a$0e &e'*t s'o"$%# O,$l #ntel#ent+ '$ "o0#t#e e'ono,#'a s# so'#al '$lt$%ala %#'ata+ t%a#este #n "%#,$l %*n& '$ "e%s"e't#va "lan$%#lo% &e v##to% #n 1ata Dete%,#na%ea evol$t#va este #n %a"o%t '$ t%e'$t$l+ 'e se

"%el$neste #n "%e0ent+ s# '$ "e%s"e't#va "lan$%#lo% &e v##to% I.2 Motivatia alegerii temeiC$ e6'e"t#a %o,anelo% s# "#eselo% &e teat%$+ ,at$%#tatea este "%#v#ta ++'a $n

ses nes1*%s#t o%# "$st#$;Da% Robe%t 9 Hav#.$%st s"$ne:++,at$%#tatea n$ este o "l$t#%e l#na "e o ,a%e

l#n#st#ta+ 1a%a avent$%# o%# a''#&ente Oa,en## n$ se lansea0a #n ,at$%#tate &ato%#ta#,"$ls$l$# "%#,#t #n 'o"#la%#e s# t#ne%ete s# n$ nav#.ea0a "$% s# s#,"l$ &e-a l$n$l'oaste#+ 'at%e bat%*neteE6#sta tot at*t &e ,$lte "%oble,e no# &e %e0olvat s# s#t$at##no# &e sta"*n#t #n t#,"$l an#lo% ,at$%#tat##+ "e '*te e6#sta #n t#,"$l "e%#oa&elo%

ante%#oa%e &e v#ata Mat$%#tatea a%e "$n'tele sale &e t%an0#t#e s# '%#0ele saleEste o "e%#oa&a &e evol$t#e+ a"%oa"e la 1el &e 'o,"leta #n sens8 '$, s$nt "e%#oa&ele &eevol$t#e n 'o"#la%#e s# a&oles'enta;

De %e,a%'at s$nt s# '$v#ntele l$# Ne,an:++ '#teste-l "e Ho,e% sa$ Ho%at#$'$ o%#'e "%et+ $,"le-t# ,#ntea+ o'.## s# $%e'.#le '$ #,a#n#+ '$v#nte s# ,$0#'a8 n$ teaste"ta #nsa 'a #na#nte &e v*%sta &e 3 an# sa #ntele# &es"%e 'e vo%bes' e# #n%eal#tate;

*%stele a&$lte s$nt ,a# "$t#n st$ate8 &a'a la #n'e"$t se 'ons#&e%a "s#.olo#a 'a 1##n& o st##nta a a&$lt$l$#+ "e "a%'$%s+ st$#le s-a$ a6at ,a# ,$lt "e

"e%#oa&ele 'o"#la%#e#+ a&oles'ente#+ t#ne%ete# '.#a%+ #a% #n $lt#,ele &e'en## s# "ev*%stele &e %e%es#e Da% o anal#0a ,a# atenta a "e%#oa&e# n v#ata o,$l$# '$"%#nsa#nt%e 24-44 an#+ %eleva 'a a'easta n$ este o "e%#oa&a &e ++stana%e;+ #n 'a%e n$ se,a# #nt*,"la %elat#v n#,#' &eoseb#t #n v#ata o,$l$#


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O,$l este al'at$#t n 'eva 'onstant+(st%$'t$%a b#olo#'a) 'eea 'e-# &a &%e"t$lla &en$,#%ea &e o,8 &a% 'o,"o%ta,ent$l sa$+ #n o%#enta%#le sale 'ele ,a#ele,enta%e+ se s'.#,ba #n 1#e'a%e 0#+ #a% nat$%a $,ana s# "e%sonal#tatea $,ana "ot1# "%o1$n& %e,o&elate

Revol$t#a n !! a &$s la o s'.#,ba%e so'#ala "%o1$n&a s# %a"#&a 'a%e#a a

t%eb$#t sa-# 1a'a 1ata "e%sonal#tatea a&$lt$l$#8 e6"lo0#a &e #n1o%,at#e n $lt#,## an# +&$'e la a'$,$la%ea &e '*t ,a# ,$lta #n1o%,at#e+ 'a%e #nsea,na #nvata%e s#t%ans1o%,a%e #n 'o,"o%ta,ent+ at#t$n#+ &e"%#n&e%#+ ,o#'a%# &e %ol$%#+ #,a#nea&e s#ne

C.#a% &a'a o "a%te n "e%sonal#tatea $,ana %e"%e0#nta "%o&$s$l so'#etat## s#'$lt$%## #n 'a%e o,$l se naste s# t%a#este+ '.#a% &a'a ea %e1le'ta #n st%$'t$%a sas#ste,$l %elat##lo% so'#ale+ 'ont%a't##le so'#etat## sale+ o,$l n$ s$"o%ta "as#v#n1l$entele e6te%#oa%e+ '#+ ,"ot%#va+ se ,an#1esta a't#v+ ,o#'*n& ,o&$l sa$ &ev#ata #n %a"o%t '$ t%eb$#ntele s# as"#%at##le sale+ "%#n a'easta ,o#'an&$-se "e s#neE6#sta / l#,#te "%#n'#"ale "ent%$ '%este%ea s# &e0volta%ea $,ana:

)- l#,#ta %eala+ "%a't#'a+ a a"t#t$n## ,a6#,e a '$#va ('a"a'#tatea "otent#ala)/)- l#,#ta "s#.olo#'a+ n$ ,a# "$t#n %eala+ #n 'a%e 1#e'a%e o, se a$tos#t$#a0a B#&& s"$ne 'a:++ ba%#e%ele 'a%e ne #n%a&es' s# ne 1#6ea0a 'el ,a# b#ne+ lant$%#le'a%e ne leaa 'el ,a# st%*ns+ s$nt a'elea "e 'a%e n# le 1a$%#, no# #ns#ne;

C*n& 1a'e, a1#%,at#a 'a l#n#a v#et## $n$# o, %a,*ne nes'.#,bata+ l$'%$la'esta t%eb$#e sa "a%a &e ne#nteles "ent%$ ,$lt#+ "ent%$ 'a+ #n &e1#n#t#v 1#e'a%et%a#este #n v#ata sa o ,$lt#t$ne &e e6"e%#ente+ 'a%e &ete%,#na ,o#'a%# ale'o,"o%ta,ent$l$# sa$ Un 1a"t &e v#ata n$ a%e &oa% o s#n$%a se,n#1#'at#e E %e$&e as#t / oa,en# 'a%e+ n $na s# a'eeas# e6"e%#enta &e v#ata+ sa t%aa a'eeas#

'on'l$0#e "%a't#'a N$ o%#'e "atan#e ne 1a'e #ntele"t#+ &a% l#n#a &$"a 'a%e neo%#enta, %a,ane nes'.#,bataPe l*na o ,ot#vat#e ene%ala+ #n alee%ea a'este# te,e &e st$$ e6#sta s#

$na "e%sonala: e$ #nsa,# a, v*%sta &es"%e 'a%e vo%bes' #n l$'%a%eM-a$ #n"%es#onat #n ,o& &eoseb#t '$v#ntele l$# S"#no0a '$ 'a%e #s# #n'e"e G All"o%t'eleb%a ++St%$'t$%a s# &e0volta%ea "e%sonal#tat##;: ++ ,-a, st%a&$#t ne*n'etat sa n$%#'$l#0e0+ sa n$ &e"l*n s# n#'# sa s"%et$#es' a't#$n#le $,ane+ '# sa le #ntele;Ale*n&$-,# te,a ,a# s$s a,#nt#ta+ a'easta a, #n'e%'at sa 1a': sa #ntele ,a# b#nev*%sta a&$lta C.#a% &a'a l$'%a%ea n$ a%e o &eoseb#ta valoa%e st##nt#1#'a+ ea "oate 1#$n "$n't &e "le'a%e "ent%$ alte 'e%'eta%# ,a# valo%oase

Ea "oate sa 1a'a "e s"e'#al#st# #n &o,en#$ sa "%#veas'a '$ ,a# ,$lta atent#e #n'e%'eta%#le lo% v*%sta a&$lta+ &eoa%e'e asa '$, vo# a%ata #n l$'%a%e+ a&$lt$l este #nt%-a&eva% ,at$% 1#0#'+ "s#.#' s# so'#al+ &a%+ '%#0ele "%#n 'a%e t%e'e+ &es# le e6te%#o%#0e0a,a# "$t#n &e'*t 'o"#l$l sa$ a&oles'ent$l+ n$ #nsea,na 'a s$nt t%a#te '$ ,a# "$t#n&%a,at#s, &e'*t a'est#a

S# at$n'#+ &a'a a&$lt#lo% le s$nt &e 1olos st$#le &es"%e 'o"## s# a&oles'ent# "ent%$ a st# '$, sa-# e&$'e+ 1o%,e0e sa$ sa-# #nteleaa+ s# a'esto%a n $%,a le-a% 1olos# st$# ,a# a,"le &es"%e a&$lt## 'e e# #ns#s# vo% &even# ,*#ne

CAPITOLUL II


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ANALI(A CONCEPTELOR FUNDAMENTALE CU CARE SEOPEREA(A IN LUCRARE

II.1 Personalitatea

Pe All"o%t l-a #,"%es#onat &e1#n#t#a &ata &e 'at%e 7oet.#$s #n se'ol$l al I-

lea+ te%,en$l$# ++"e%sona;+ &e la 'a%e &e%#va '$v*nt$l ++"e%sonal#tate;: ++ Persona est substantia individua rationalis naturae”- "e%soana este o s$bstanta #nv#&$ala &enat$%a %at#onala

In#t#al+ te%,en$l &e ++"e%sona; s-a %e1e%#t la ,as'a &e teat%$ n "e%#oa&eleant#'e ('$v*nt$l este &e o%##ne et%$s'a)

Ma# t*%0#$+ a'est '$v*nt a &ob*nt #nteles$%# ,$lt#"le+ 1$n't#on*n& #n ,a#toate l#,b#le ,o&e%ne '$ #nteles "ol#se,ant#':

- as"e't$l e6te%#o% al o,$l$#+ a,#nt#n& &e #nteles$l o%##na% (,as'a)8- %ol$l ?$'at &e $n a'to%+ a'a 1$n't#a so'#ala #n&e"l#n#ta &e $n o,8

- a'to%$l #ns$s# 'a%e ?oa'a $n %ol+ 'a s# o,$l 'a%e #n&e"l#neste o1$n't#e so'#ala8- 'eea 'e 'on1e%a valoa%e o,$l$#+ 'al#tat#le l$# ( 9ean Stoet0el+ La

"s'.olo#e so'#ale+ Fla,,a%#on+ Pa%#s+ !52+ " 3)Cele "at%$ sens$%# ale te%,en$l$# &e "e%sonal#tate + '%onolo#' &el#,#tate &e

"s#.oso'#olo$l ,a# s$s a,#nt#t+ 'on&$' la 'on'l$0#a 'a "e%sonal#tatea "oate 1#&e1#n#ta at*t n ++e6te%#o%;+ 'a e1e't "%o&$s &e $n #nv#& as$"%a 'elo%lalt#+ '*t s#n ++#nte%#o%;+ 'a st%$'t$%a #nt#,a a ele,entelo% biologice #nas'$te (#nst#n'te+t%eb$#nte+ t#" &e ANS et')+ psihologice ( l#,ba?+ an%e+ #,a#nat#e et') s#

sociomorale+ a'.#0#t#onate #n "%o'es$l so'#al#0a%## ( no%,e 'o,"o%ta,entale+ valo%#so'#ale+ 'onv#ne%#+ #&eal$%# et')

In D#'t#ona%$l &e "s#.olo#e &e U S'.#o"$ te%,en$l &e "e%sonal#tate estee6"l#'at "%#n: ++s"on#b#l#tat#le ene%ale s# 'a%a'te%#st#'e "e 'a%e le e6"%#,a o

"e%soana (1ata &e altele) s# 'a%e 'ont$%ea0a #&ent#tatea e# s"e'#1#'a; N$ e6#sta o, 1a%a "esonal#tate+ #a% 'e# '$ ++ ,$lta "e%sonal#tate; a$ &oa%

t%asat$%# ale a'este#a 'ons#&e%ate o"t#,e #nt%-o so'#etate &ata+ at%a*n& "%#n "%e0enta s# a't#$nea lo%+ atent#a "$bl#'$l$#

Ca %eal#tate+ "e%sonal#tatea este total#tatea "s#.olo#'a 'e 'a%a'te%#0ea0a s##nv#$al#0ea0a $n o, "a%t#'$la% Ea este o,$l v#$+ 'on'%et+ e,"#%#'+ "as#onal+

%at#onal+ &e'# o,$l asa '$, este el %es#,t#t #n a1a%a noast%a sa$ #n "%o"%#a noast%a1##nta8 asa&a%+ n$ o,$l abst%a't+ n$ o,$l a1lat #n #n'.#"$#%ea noast%a+ '# o,$l &ealat$%# &e no#+ "e 'a%e #l #nt*ln#, "e st%a&a+ a'asa+ la b#%o$+ #n ,et%o$+ la $ns"e'ta'ol sa$ la $n ,#t#n N$ o,$l #nte%"%etat 'a ++1##nta ene%#'a; '# o,$l asa'$, e6#sta s# '$, se ,an#1esta #n v#ata '$%enta+ 'ot#ana

D#st#n'ta "%#n t%asat$%#le stab#le ale 'on&$#te# s# "%#n 'a%a'te%$l $n#' ale6#stente# sale t%a#te+ "e%sonal#tatea %e$neste #nt%-$n ansa,bl$ $n#ta% o se%#e &es"o0#t## #nte%ne+ 'a%a'te%e ,osten#te s# &ob*nte+ st%$'t$%ate #nt%-$n ,o& o%##nal#n #nte%#o%$l $n$# nucleu 'a%e se elabo%ea0a s# se t%ans1o%,a s$b #n1l$enta ,e$l$#so'#al s# '$lt$%al &e v#ata N$'le$l "e%sonal#tat## este E$-l

++E$-l este 'onst##nta &e s#ne+ n$'le$l s#ste,$l$# "e%sonal#tat##+ 'a%e '$"%#n&e'$nost#ntele s# #,a#nea &e s#ne+ at#t$n#le 'onst#ente sa$ #n'onst#ente 1ata &evalo%# E$-l este $n 'onst%$'t s#ntet#' s# "e%sonal+ 'a%e #0vo%aste n s#,t#%e+ $%'a la


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%e1le6#e s# se e6"%#,a #n 'on&$#ta+ 1##n& s$st#n$t "e%,anent a1e't#v- ,ot#vat#onalP%#n #nte%,e$l a'est$# 'onst%$'t+ #nv#&$l se 'on'e"t$al#0ea0a "e s#ne #ns$s#+ seeval$#a0a s# #s# ant#'#"a 'o,"o%ta,ent$l; R$"e%ea a'este# $n#tat# st%$'t$%ale #nt%e ele,ent$l b#olo#'+ "s#.#'+ so'#al s#'$lt$%al e'.#valea0a '$ o sta%e &e &e0o%an#0a%e %es#,t#ta at*t la n#vel$l #nv#&$l$#

'*t s# al so'#etat##8 la n#vel$l #nv#&$l$#+ &e0o%an#0a%ea "s#.#s,$l$# s# alte%a%ea%elat##lo% sale a&e'vate '$ ,e$l ene%ea0a #n'a"a'#tate 1$n't#onala (boala)+ "#e%&e%ea 'onst##nte# &e s#ne+ #a% la n#vel$l so'#etat## se "#e%&e "%e't#b#l#tatea'o,"o%ta,ent$l$# s'ontat+ #a% lo#'a %elat##lo% so'#ale a"a%e alte%ata &e %ea't###,"%ev#0#b#le 'a%e #n'al'a no%,a &e 'on&$#ta s# a1e'tea0a %at#onal#tatea %elat##lo% '$'e#lalt#

P%#v#ta n a'est "$n't &e ve&e%e "e%sonal#tatea este s# %a,*ne ++s#nte0ao%##nala s# #nv#&$ala a t%asat$%#lo% s# #ns$s#%#lo% b#o-"s#.o-so'#ale ale 1#e'a%$#a+a'ea o%an#0a%e na,#'a a 'a%a'te%#st#'#lo% esent#ale+ 'ele ,a# stab#le n 1##nta$,ana+ $n ansa,bl$ st%$'t$%al &e #ns$s#%# 'a%e &ete%,#na a&a"ta%ea s"e'#1#'a a

#nv#&$l$# la ,e$Ea '$"%#n&e s# ele,ente '$ e%#te %a&e &e ene%al#tate s# stab#l#tate+

t%asat$%# 'a%e se s'.#,ba s# se ,o#'a #n %#t,$%# e%#te+ s$b a't#$nea 'ont#n$a a1a'to%#lo% ,e$l$# so'#al:

a) elementele structurale hotarâte de factorii natural-biologici, de specie,comune tuturor oamenilor + 'a: anato,#a s# ,o%1olo#a o%an#s,$l$#+ st%$'t$%aa"a%atelo% sen0o%#ale (&e t#" $,an) &ato%#ta 'a%o%a oa,en## a$&+ va&+ "#"a#e et'+ la1el A'este #ns$s#%# nat$%ale s$nt 'ele ,a# ene%ale8 ele se #n'a&%ea0a #n evol$t#aene%ala a s"e'#e# s# se t%ans1o%,a 'el ,a# lent+ #,"e%'e"t#b#l #n 'ont##le evol$t#e#

la 'a%e se aseste a0# s"e'#a $,ana b) achiitiile social determinate, comune de asemenea, tuturor oamenilor s#'a%e se ,o#'a lent #n &e'$%s$l #sto%#e# o,en#%##: a$0$l 1one,at#'+ vo%b#%eaa%t#'$lata+ a$0$l ,$0#'al+ ve&e%ea '%o,at#'a+ sens#b#l#tatea '$tanata et' Ele se%e1ea0a "e 'ont##le nat$%ale ale s"e'#e# O "a%te n a'este a'.#0#t##+ s"e'#al&ete%,#nate (a$0+ vo%b#%e+ ta'to-le6#e) e%a n$ n$,a# &e la o 'ole't#v#tate la alta8ele se ,o#'a v#0#b#l '.#a% #n evol$t#a a'el$#as# "o"o%

') trasaturi cu ritm de devoltare mai accentuat + a'ele ,o#'a%# s#s'.#,ba%# 'a%e a"a% #n "%o1#l$l "s#.#' al oa,en#lo% s# se produc odata cutransformarea orânduirilor sociale: e6 t%ans1o%,a%ea 'ont#n$t$l$# 'on'%et al

,ot#vat#e# #n a't#$n#le oa,en#lo%+ s'.#,ba%ea %a"o%t$l$# nt%e ,ot#vele "e%sonales# so'#ale+ t%ans1o%,a%ea o%#enta%##+ a 'ont#n$t$l$# 'onst##nte# oa,en#lo% Ase,eneas'.#,ba%#+ 'ons#&e%ate t#"#'e "ent%$ oa,en## o%*n&$#%## &ate+ #n'l$0*n& s# 1a't$%anat#onala a "e%soane#+ 1o%,ea0a lat$%a "s#.olo#'a a "e%sonal#tat##

&) insusirile individuale+ n$antele s"e'#1#'e 1#e'a%e# "e%sonal#tat#+ l$ata '.#a% #n 'a&%$l a'ele#as# eta"e #sto%#'e s# o%*n&$#%#8 este vo%ba &e t%asat$%#le #nv#&$ale+&ate &e "a%t#'$la%#tat#le &e #,"%es#onab#l#tate+ &e %e'e"t#v#tate+ &e at#t$n#le'a%a'te%#ale stab#le+ #nt%-$n '$vant "a%t#'$la%#tat#le "s#.o#nv#&$ale ale o,$l$#

N#'# ,a%## "s#.olo# n$ a$ %e$s#t+ %es"e't*n& toate %#o%#le st##nte#+ sa a&$'a o

&e1#n#t#e "ent%$ "e%sonal#tateG All"o%t #,"%e$na '$ HO&be%t a$ 'ole'tata"%o6#,at#v 4 &e1#n#t## ale a'este#aPot%#v#t te,e# #n s'$t#e vo# sele'ta '*teva nt%e a'estea:


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'.).A**+ort -"e%sonal#tatea este o%an#0a%ea na,#'a #n 'a&%$l #nv#&$l$# aa'elo% s#ste,e "s#.o1#0#'e 'a%e &ete%,#na *n%ea+ s# 'o,"o%ta,ent$l sa$s"e'#1#'

R.&.Catt* - "e%sonal#tatea este $n s#ste, al &e"%#n&e%#lo% "%o"%## s$b#e't$l$#'a%e "e%,#te o "%ev#0#$ne as$"%a 'o,"o%ta,ent$l$# a'est$#a

Con1o%, &e1#n#t#e# n D!ct!onar*! Laro-- !!3) "e%sonal#tatea esteansa,bl$l &e 'o,"o%ta,ente+ ,ot#vat##+ at#t$n#+ et'+ a 'a%o% $n#tate s# "e%,anenta 'onst#t$#e #nv#&$al#tatea+ $n#'#tatea 1#e'a%$#a

/.Stot0* ( Pa%#s !2)- "e%sonal#tatea "oate 1# &e1#n#ta : #,,d!n 1tr!or” 'a e1e't "%o&$s &e $n #nv#& as$"%a 'elo%lalt#

(ansa,bl$l t%asat$%#lo% s# 'on&$#telo% $,ane 'a%e "%ovoa'a %as"$ns$%# "s#.o'o,"o%ta,entale n "a%tea alto%a )

-++d!n !ntr!or” 'a st%$'t$%a #nt#,a a ele,entelo% b#olo#'e #nas'$te(#nst#n'te+ t%eb$#nte+ t#" &e ANS ) + "s#.olo#'e ( l#,ba?+ *n%e+ #,a#nat#e et')s# so'#o-,o%ale+ a'.#0#t#onate #n "%o'es$l so'#al#0a%## ( no%,e 'o,"o%ta,entale+

valo%# so'#ale+ 'onv#ne%#+ #&eal$%#+ et' )'.H. Mad s# T. PARSONS - "e%sonal#tatea este $n set &e valo%# s# %ol$%#

#nte%#o%#0ateP. Po+-c#N"an -"e%sonal#tatea este $n ,a'%os#ste, al #nva%#ant#lo%

#n1o%,at#onal# s# o"e%at#onal#+ 'e se e6"%#,a 'onstant #n 'on&$#ta s# s$nt &e1#n#to%##sa$ 'a%a'te%#st#'# "ent%$ s$b#e't

C.Ro2r- -s#ste,$l &e "e%sonal#tate se #n'.#&e #n s#ne+ o%an#0an&$-se s# se&es'.#&e s"%e l$,e+ ob#e't#van&$-s# ,ens#$n#le s"%e valo%#

A. 3ard!nr s# R. L!nton &e1#nes' personalitatea de baa+ 'a $n n$'le$ &e

at#t$n# s# sent#,ente 'o,$ne t$t$%o% ,e,b%#lo% $ne# so'#etat# !ceptiunile conceptului de personalitate

!cceptiunea antropologica In v#0#$nea ant%o"olo#e# 1#loso1#'e+ "e%sonal#tatea $,ana se 1o%,ea0a #n

&e'$%s$l v#et## n$,a# 'a $%,a%e a a't#$n## s# 'onv#et$#%## #nt%-$n ,e$ so'#al+ #ns#ste,$l %elat##lo% so'#ale De'#+ esenta "e%sonal#tat## o %e"%e0#nta ++ansa,bl$l%elat##lo% so'#ale;+ "e 'a%e #nv#&$l+ le t%ave%sea0a &e-a l$n$l v#et## sale+ lesele'tea0a s# le #nte%nal#0ea0a In a'este 'ont##+ 'al#tatea "e%sonal#tat## &e"#n&e &e 'al#tatea ,e$l$#

so'#al+ a %elat##lo% so'#ale #n 'a%e ea se 1o%,ea0a+ #,"e%1e't#$n#le s# slab#'#$n#le,e$l$# so'#al %e"e%'$t*n&$-se as$"%a e# s# &$'*n& la 1eno,ene &e #nst%a#na%e sa$&e &est%$'t$%a%e ++S$nte, 'eea 'e 1a'e, s# 1a'e, 'eea 'e ,e$l ne 'e%e sa1a'e,;+ &e'%eta G7 atson

S# #n "s#.olo#a 'onte,"o%ana+ ++#nte%a't#$nea; s# ++%elat#a; s$nt l$ate &%e"t'oo%&onate na,#'e 1o%,at#ve ale "e%sonal#tat##:

-M!4a! 'o*#++ se "oate a1#%,a 1a%a tea,a &e a sav*%s# o e%oa%e,eto&olo#'a %ava+ 'a "e%sonal#tatea e6#sta + se 1o%,ea0a s# se ,an#1esta #n s# "%#n%elat#ona%e;

-Adr!an Nc*a-++ "e%sonal#tatea este o 'onst%$'t#e so'#ala o,$l se&e1#neste "e s#ne 'a "e%sonal#tate #n %elat##le '$ 'e#lalt# se,en#+ '$ so'#etatea #nansa,bl$l e# Insas# %at#$nea &e a 1# a st%$'t$%## "e%sonal#tat## 'onsta #n #nte%a%eao,$l$# #n 'onte6t$l s#t$at##lo% so'#ale;


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A''e"t#$nea ant%o"olo#'a a "e%sonal#tat## a%e ,e%#t$l &e a a,"lasa s# #nte%ao,$l #n s1e%a v#et## so'#ale

!cceptiunea psihologicaPot%#v#t a'este# a''e"t#$n# "e%sonal#tatea este $n ansa,bl$ &e 'ont## #nte%ne

Nat$%a a'esto% 'ont## #nte%ne este "s#.olo#'a+ s$b#e't#va Ele se %e1e%a la as"e'te

#ntele't#ve+ a1e't#ve+ ,ot#vat#onale+ ene%#0oa%e+ a"t#t$nale s# at#t$naleCont##le #nte%ne 'a%e &e1#nes' "e%sonal#tatea a$ o se%#e &e note s"e'#1#'e:-s"$n &e o %elat#va stab#l#tate+ ne"$t*n& 1# %a'al ,o#'ate &e s#t$at##le

t%an0#to%## sa$ a''#&entale-s$nt 1o%,at#$n# %e0$lt*n& n 'on&ensa%ea ve%selo% 1$n't## "s#.#'e-s$nt ene%al#0ate+ a'a se ,an#1esta #n 'ele ,a# ve%se s#t$at##-s$nt esent#ale+ v#0ea0a as"e'tele 'ele ,a# #,"o%tante ale ,an#1esta%## o,$l$#

"%#v#n& o%#enta%ea sa+ %as"$ns$%#le sale 1$n&a,entale-s"$n &e o %elat#va "last#'#tate+ "$t*n&$-se %est%$'t$%a+ ,o#'a s#

"e%1e't#ona #n %a&e e%#te #n 1$n't#e &e 'e%#ntele %elat#ona%## '$ a,b#anta

In v#%t$tea a'esto% 'a%a'te%#st#'#+ #ns$s#%#le "s#.#'e ('ont##le #nte%ne) "%o%a,ea0a 'o,"o%ta,ent$l $,an+ &*n& "os#b#l#tatea ant#'#"a%## l$#

In v#0#$nea "s#.olo$l$# M late st%$'t$%#le 'o,"onente &e ba0a ale "e%sonal#tat## s$nt: ,ot#vat#a+ 'on#t#a s# 'ont%ol$l

Motivatia &a o%#enta%ea+ sele't#v#tatea s# se,n#1#'at#a 'on&$#te# "tructurile cognitive s$nt 'ons#&e%ate 'a #nst%$,ent &e %eal#0a%e a

"e%sonal#tat##8 ele "lasea0a s$b#e't$l+ #n s'a%a ob#e't#va a 'o,"etentelo% s#valo%#lo% Aso'#ate '$ st%$'t$%#le ,ot#vat#onale s# a1e't#ve+ ele al'at$#es''onst%$'t##le 'o,"le6e ale a"t#t$n#lo% sa$ 'a"a'#tat#lo%

Mecanismele de comanda si control as$"%a ,ot#velo%+ s'o"$%#lo% s#,#?loa'elo% 'o,"o%ta,ent$l$# o'$"a $n lo' #,"o%tant #n s#ste,$l ene%al al "e%sonal#tat## #radul de control &ev#ne $n #,"o%tant #n'ato% #n 'a%a'te%#0a%ea st%$'t$%##

"e%sonal#tat##D#n a'est "$n't &e ve&e%e oa,en## "ot 1# #,"a%t#t# #n t%e# %$"e:)- no%,al 'ont%olat# -se 'a%a'te%#0ea0a "%#nt%-$n %elat#v e'.#l#b%$ #nt%e

tennta %e1le6#va+ anal#t#'a+ '%#t#'a s# tennta s"%e a't#$ne+ #,b#n*n& #nt%-o 1o%,$lao"t#,a "%#n'#"#$l l#be%tat## '$ "%#n'#"#$l ne'es#tat##+ #,"e%at#v$l s$b#e't#v '$ 'elob#e't#v

/)- s$b'ont%olat#- se 'a%a'te%#0ea0a "%#n s$"%aest#,a%ea #,"$ls$l$# s"%e

a't#$ne s# s$best#,a%ea 'ont##lo% ob#e't#ve ale %eal#0ab#l#tat## l$#8 'a $%,a%e+ e# se'o,"o%ta #,"$ls#v+ &$"a las$l "%#,e# &o%#nte sa$ la #n'#tat#a "%#,e# #,"%es##Pent%$ e# este ,a# #,"o%tant sa a't#one0e &e'at sa *n&es'a as$"%a ,o&$l$# s#o"o%t$n#tat## a't#$n## De a'eea l$'%$%#le le a"a% #ntot&ea$na ,a# s#,"le &e'at s$nt#n %eal#tate s# n$ #ntele &e 'e alt## "$n at*ta "%et "e #,"l#'at## s# ++'onvent##;

2)- s$"%a'ont%olat# ('en0$%at#) - "e%sonal#tatea a'esto% oa,en# se'a%a'te%#0ea0a "%#nt%-$n 'o,"o%ta,ent &e t#" e,#na,ente ++%e1le6#v;+ ba0at "e'ons#&e%a%ea ++t$t$%o%; 'ont##lo% "%o s# 'ont%a+ "e ant#'#"a%ea n$ n$,a# a%e0$ltat$l$# #,eat+ '# s# a 'onse'#ntelo% &e%#vate ale l$# De a#'# "ot ene%a o se%#e

&e t%asat$%# s"e'#1#'e 'a: "%$&enta+ 'onse%vato%#s,+ t%at#onal#s,+ 'on1o%,#s,+ "e&ante%#a+ s'%$"$lo0#tatea+ %e0e%va%ea+ t#,#tatea et'St%$'t$%#le &e 'ont%ol se elabo%ea0a #n t#,"$l evol$t#e# #nv#&$ale+ 'a %e0$ltat

al %a"o%t$%#lo% na,#'e nt%e s$''es s# #ns$''es+ nt%e %e'o,"ense s# san't#$n#+


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nt%e a"%oba%# s# &e0a"%oba%#8 lo% l# se #nte%ea0a s# l# se s$bo%&onea0a n "$n't&e ve&e%e na,#'+ t%asat$%#le te,"e%a,entale

Alt# "s#.olo#+ "%#nt%e 'a%e s# Al Ros'a+ 'ons#&e%a 'a "%#n'#"alele 'o,"onente "s#.olo#'e ale "e%sonal#tat## s$nt: te,"e%a,ent$l+ 'a%a'te%$l s# a"t#t$n#le

Te,"e%a,ent$l %e"%e0#nta lat$%a na,#'o-ene%et#'a a "e%sonal#tat##8 el

e6"%#,a 'onst#t$t#a 1$n't#onala a s#ste,$l$# ne%vos s# .o%,onalCa%a'te%$l %e"%e0#nta $n ansa,bl$ &e at#t$n# ale o,$l$# 1ata &e s#ne+ 1ata &ealt# oa,en# s# 1ata &e so'#etate P%#n 'a%a'te% se e6"%#,a o%#enta%ea "s#.o-,o%ala a

"e%sonal#tat## 1ata &e ve%sele as"e'te ale v#et## so'#aleA"t#t$n#le %e"%e0#nta ,#?loa'ele &e a't#$ne ale "e%sonal#tat##+ ele 'onst#t$#n&

lat$%a e1e'to%#e a a'este#a+ #n'*n& n#vel$l &e "e%1o%,anta s# "os#b#l#tat#le'%eatoa%e ale s$b#e't$l$#

!ceptiunea a$iologicaP%#n as#,#la%ea '%#te%##lo% s# "%o'e&eelo% &e a"%e'#e%e-valo%#0a%e-alee%e s#

"%#n 1#6a%ea lo% 'a ,e'an#s,e 1$n&a,entale &e %ela%e a 'on&$#te# $,ane+

"e%sonal#tatea $,ana+ 'a"ata o #,"o%tanta ,ens#$ne a6#olo#'a Da% valoarea personalitatii "%ov#ne ,a# ales n o%an#0a%ea s# #e%a%.#0a%ea "%o"%##lo% salest%$'t$%# "s#.olo#'e+ 1a"t 'a%e o #nv#&$al#0ea0a "%enant s# o &eosebeste &e 'ea ase,en#lo%

A''e"t#$nea a6#olo#'a a "e%sonal#tat## a%e #n ve&e%e o,$l valo%#0at(#ntele't$al+ ,o%al+ so'#al)+ &e'# o,$l 'a valoa%e

Personalitatea ca sistemDe1#n#n& personalitatea ca sistem+ a'easta #nsea,na 'a ea se 'o,"$ne nt%-

$n n$,a% &e ele,ente+ #nt%-o o%ne ne*nt*,"latoa%e s# a1late #nt%-o an$,#ta

#nte%a't#$ne A'est s#ste, se 'a%a'te%#0ea0a "%#n:-caracterul semideschis ('a%e e6"%#,a 1$n't#a 'o,$n#'at#e# s#ste,$l$# "e%sonal#tat## '$ ,e$l a,b#ant)

-caracterul multidimensional, hipercomple$ ( "%#n 'a%e %eleva, %a&$l #nalt&e sat$%at#e al s#ste,$l$# "e%sonal#tat## #n leat$%# e6te%ne '$ ,e$l s# #n leat$%##nte%ne #nt%e ele,entele 'o,"onente)

-caracterul probabilist al 'o,b#nat##lo% "os#b#le nt%e ,a%#,#le &e #nt%a%e s#'ele &e #es#%e+ n 'a%e &e%#va ++#net$l;+ ++o%##nal#tatea; #nv#&$ala a ++a&a"ta%##;la s#t$at##+ #,"%ev#0#b#l#tatea %elat#va a %ea't##lo% &e %as"$ns

-caracterul orientat, antientropic, 'a%e &ese,nea0a 1$n't#a #nst%$,entala

%eala a s#ste,$l$# "e%sonal#tat## #n ansa,bl$ s# a e%#telo% sale s$bs#ste,e8&el#,#ta%ea s# 'o%ela%ea na,#'a+ #n "%o'es$l a't#v#tat## s# 'o,"o%ta,ent$l$#+ a,o&el$l$# l$,## e6te%ne (ob#e't#v-#n1o%,at#onal) '$ ,o&el$l "%o"%#$ (s$b#e't#v-#n1o%,at#onal)+ 'a%e 'on1e%a 1#nal#tat## s#ste,$l$# "e%sonal#tat## ,ens#$neaant#'#"at#e# s# a$to-"%o#e't#e#

-caracterul designativ si valoriator al t%a#e'to%##lo% 1a0#'e ale s#ste,$l$# "e%sonal#tat## s# al 'o,"o%ta,ent$l$# "e 'a%e-l %eal#0ea0a el

- specificitatea selectiva a comunicatiei cu mediul ambiant s# 1#lt%a?$lst#,$lat##lo% s# %as"$ns$%#lo% "%#n #nte%,e$l s'alelo% &e '%#te%## s# etaloane valo%#'e

elabo%ate so'#al-#sto%#' s# #nte%#o%#0ate #n "lan #nv#&$al-s$b#e't#vD#n "$n't &e ve&e%e al teo%#e# s#ste,elo%+ "e%sonal#tatea %e"%e0#nta $n te%,en#n a'elas# t#," s#ntet#0ato% s# e%ent#ato%+ lobal s# s"e'#1#' Ea e6"%#,a ,o&$l


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integrativ superior &e o%an#0a%e s# 1$n't#ona%e "s#.o'o,"o%ta,entala a#nv#&$l$# $,an

Const%$#%ea s#ste,$l$# "e%sonal#tat## se %eal#0ea0a "%#n t%e'e%ea staala &e la$n t#" &e e'.#l#b%$ la alt$l+ &e la $n alo%#t, "%e"on&e%ent adaptativ (b#olo#') la$n alo%#t, "%e"on&e%ent actional + t%ans1o%,ato% (&e "%oven#enta so'#ala)

"ensul evolutiei s#ste,$l$# "e%sonal#tat## %e0#&a #n transformareacomportamentului &e t#" %ea't#v+ ba0at "e 'ont#ona%e s# se,nal#0a%e %e'ta+s#t$at#onala+ #n 'o,"o%ta,ent &e t#" a't#v+ ant#'#"at+ sele't#v+ o%#entat , ba0at "ese,n#1#'at## s# '%#te%## valo%#'e ene%al#0ate C$, a'est salt se %eal#0ea0a at*t "e

"lan #sto%#'+ '*t s# #n "lan #nv#&$al+ %e#ese 'a el se sav*%seste "e%,anent+ &a% n$ se&esav*%seste s# n$ se o"%este n#'#o&ata

Pe%sonal#tatea este "%#n e6'elenta $n s#ste, valo%#'+ a 'a%$# st%$'t$%a%e este,eata &e se,n#1#'at## s# sens$%#8 &e'#+ 'o,"onentele "a%t#'$la%e &e o%n 1#0#'+

"s#.#' s# "s#.oso'#al &ev#n bunuri valorice+ 'a"ata $n sens "ent%$ "e%1e't#ona%eaene%ala a o,$l$#

Ca s$b#e't#v#tate "%o'es$ala+ "e%sonal#tatea se ,an#1esta s# se %eal#0ea0a #n1o%,a activitatii+ aso'#ata #ntot&ea$na '$ semnificatia si valoareaA ,o&ela n

"$n't &e ve&e%e "s#.olo#' "e%sonal#tatea+ #nsea,na+ a ,o&ela a't#v#tat#se,n#1#'at#ve+ t#"$%# ,a%# &e 'o,"o%ta,ente+ #n 'a%e s$b#e't#v#tatea $,ana see6"%#,a s# se ,an#1esta #n 'eea 'e a%e ea ,a# esent#al

%oncluii asupra personalitatiiIn "e%sonal#tatea totala a o,$l$# e6#sta:

- "e%sonal#tatea %eala (asa '$, este o,$l #n %eal#tate) -%e"%e0entata &e ansa,bl$lat%#b$telo% sale "s#.#'e e6#stente ob#e't#v8 este "e%sonal#tatea sa net%$'ata+ne,as'ata+ 'ea 'a%e #l 'a%a'te%#0ea0a s# #l %e"%e0#nta 'el ,a# "%o1$n&+ a$tent#'+'.#a% &a'a el s#-o %e'$noaste+ a''e"ta+ e6te%#o%#0ea0a sa$ n$/-"e%sonal#tatea a$toeval$ata (#,a#nea "e 'a%e #nv#&$l o a%e &es"%e s#ne)-a'atotal#tatea %e"%e0enta%#lo%+ #&e#lo%+ '%entelo% #nv#&$l$# &es"%e "%o"%#a sa

"e%sonal#tate+ #n'l$se &e %e$la #n 'eea 'e se n$,este #,a#nea &e s#ne8 "e s'$%t+'$, se "e%'e"e #nv#&$l+ 'e '%e&e el &es"%e s#ne+ 'e lo' #s# at%#b$#e #n %a"o%t '$'e#lalt#2-"e%sonal#tatea #&eala -"e%sonal#tatea #,a#nata+ 'ea &o%#ta+ 'ea "e 'a%e #nv#&$las"#%a sa s#-o 1o%,e0e

3-"e%sonal#tatea "e%'e"$ta -(#,a#nea #nv#&$l$# &es"%e alt##) -este al'at$#ta nansa,bl$l %e"%e0enta%#lo%+ #&e#lo%+ a"%e'#e%#lo%+ '$ "%#v#%e la alt##I,a#nea "e 'a%e#nv#&$l s#-o 1o%,ea0a &es"%e alt##+ #l .#&ea0a #n 'o,"o%ta,entele sale 1ata &ea'est#a In a"%e'#e%ea 'elo%lalt#+ s$nt #,"o%tante o se%#e &e clisee sau stereotipii

"e%'e"t#ve+ ++'e &e1o%,ea0a; ?$&e'ata "e%sonala+ #,"$n*n&$-se 'a $n a&eva% ob#e't#v4-"e%sonal#tatea "%o#e'tata -('e '%e&e #nv#&$l 'a *n&es' alt## &es"%e el) -se'o,"$ne n ansa,bl$l *n&$%#lo%+ sent#,entelo%+ a"%e'#e%#lo%+ "e 'a%e '%e&e $n#nv#& 'a le a$ 'e#lalt# as$"%a sa ale%#$ Cea$s$+ &en$,este a'easta

"%#n ++imaginea de sine atribuita lumii;+ a'a: 'e '%e& e$ 'a *n&es' alt## &es"%e

,#ne A'est l$'%$ #l 'on&$'e "e #nv#& la elabo%a%ea s# "$ne%ea #n 1$n't#$ne a $no% 'on&$#te &e e6"e'tat#va+ el aste"tan&$-se 'a 'e#lalt# sa se 'o,"o%te 1ata &e el+'o%es"$n0ato% #,a#n## "e 'a%e el '%e&e 'a o a$ &es"%e el


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5-"e%sonal#atea ,an#1estata- ('ea e6te%#o%#0ata+ ob#e't#vata #n 'o,"o%ta,ent)- esteal'at$#ta n ansa,bl$l t%asat$%#lo% s# #ns$s#%#lo% 'e-s# ases' e6"%es#a #n,o&al#tat#le "a%t#'$la%e+ "%o"%##+ s"e'#1#'e &e e6te%#o%#0a%e s# ob#e't#va%e'o,"o%ta,entala Man#1esta%ea "e%sonal#tat## este 'tata atat &e #nte%#o%#tatea

"s#.#'a a #nv#&$l$#+ 'at s# &e "a%t#'$la%#tat#le s# ++'e%#ntele; s#t$at#onale #n 'a%e

a'easta a't#onea0a Pe%sonal#tatea ,an#1estata este "$n't &e #nte%se't#e #nt%e#nv#&$al s# so'#al+ #nt%e #nte%#o%#tatea "s#.#'a a #nv#&$l$# s# no%,at#v#tateaso'#etat##

Co,"o%ta,ent$l ,an#1estat+ este #n 1$n't#e &e $n$l sa$ alt$l nt%ea'este ++"e%sonal#tat#;+ sa$ &e ,o&$l "a%t#'$la% &e #nte%a%e s# 1$n't#ona%e aa'esto%a

II.2 %omportament

In sens "s#.olo#'+ 'on'e"t$l &e 'o,"o%ta,ent $,an '$"%#n&e at*t,an#1esta%#le e6te%#oa%e (a'tele ,oto%##+ 'on&$#te vol#t#v-e1e'to%##+ at#t$n#lee6"%#,ate+ ,#,#'a s# %e"l#'#le ve%bale)+ '*t s# elabo%a%#le #nte%#oa%e( #ntent#onal#tatea a'telo%+ &e'#0##le ,#ntale+ l#,ba?$l #nte%n+ st%ate##le %at#onale+ant#'#"a%ea 'onst#enta s# *n%ea '%#t#'a)+ "%e'$, s# at#t$nea &e a,*na%e sa$s$s"en&a%e vo#ta a a't#$n#lo% Co,"o%ta,ent$l se 'onst#t$#e &e 1#e'a%e &ata ba0at

"e o alee%e(sele't#e) nt%-o ,$lt#,e &e %ea't## "os#b#le+ alee%e 1#nal#0ata "ent%$,ent#ne%ea #n 'ont## o"t#,e a 1o%,e# s# 1$n't##lo% 1##nte# %es"e't#ve 'a TOTP%#n $%,a%e+ st$$l "s#.olo#' al 'o,"o%ta,ent$l$# ev#&ent#a0a &o$a as"e'te

1$n&a,entale ale a'est$#a:- a1e't#v (e,ot#onal)+ '$ %ol &e s$%sa ene%et#'a-'on#t#v (#ntele't$al) '$ %ol ,a# ,a%e sa$ ,a# ,#' &e %elato% valo%#'Co,"o%ta,ent$l este ene%at &e nat$%a #nte%na (b#olo#'a s# "s#.#'a) '*t s#

&e "a%t#'$la%#tat#le so'#al-#sto%#'e s# '$lt$%ale ale ,e$l$#8 el a%e #n st%$'t$%a sa olat$%a e%eta%a t%a&$sa "%#n #nst#n'te s# %e1le6e+ s# o lat$%a &ob*nta "%#n#nte%a't#$nea #nv#&$l$# '$ ,e$l so'#o-'$lt$%al

O,$l s"$ne &e '*teva #nst#n'te 1$n&a,entale: al 1oa,e#+ &e 'onse%va%e+ &ea"a%a%e+ &e %e"%o&$'e%e s# &e $n n$,a% &e %e1le6e ne'ont#onate: %ot$l#an+ "$"#la%+o'$lo-"al"eb%al+ ,ast#'ato%+ sal#va%+ te%,#'+ et#v et'

Da'a %e1le6ele se %eal#0ea0a 1a%a %e0onanta "s#.#'a+ #nst#'tele se 'o%t#'al#0ea0as# 'a ata%e+ ele "ot 1# sta"*n#te sa$ a,"l#1#'ate+ "%#n elabo%a%# 'e%eb%ale Inst#n'tele+s$nt &$blate &e "s#.#s, at*t la &e'lansa%e '*t s# la sat#s1a'e%e sa$ 1%$st%a%e+'onst#t$#n&$-se la $n ,o,ent &at #n ,ot#ve ale a't#$n##8 ele s$nt a&esea'onst#ent#0ate s# s$1e%a #n ,an#1esta%ea lo% ,o&ela%# so'#o-'$lt$%ale

N#'# 'on&$#ta #nst#n't#va+ n#'# %e1le6ele ne'ont#onate n$ %a,*n "$%e+ 'a la

naste%e8 "e ba0a lo%+ se elabo%ea0a no#le %e1le6e 'ont#onate+ 'e %e"%e0#nta s#ste,e&e %ea't## a&a"tat#ve 'a%e al'at$#es' 'o,"o%ta,ent$l $,an N$ o%#'e %ea't#e no$a+ &ob*nta &e o%an#s,+ %e"%e0#nta s# o 1o%,a &e

'o,"o%ta,ent A'o,o&a%ea o%an#s,$l$# la o an$,e te,"e%at$%a+ %ea't#a &e


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a"a%a%e a "#el## "%#n a''ent$a%ea "#,entat#e# s$b #n1l$enta ene%#e# sola%e+,o#'a%ea ,$s'at$%## "%#n #nt%o&$'e%ea $ne# "%ote0e &enta%e et'+ n$ le "$te,n$,# 1o%,e &e 'o,"o%ta,ent A'.#0#t##le 'o,"o%ta,entale se elabo%ea0a "%#nt%-$n

"%o'es &e #nvata%e8 ele s$nt ,eate &e o e6"e%#enta so'#al-$,ana e6#stenta #n%a"o%t '$ st#,$l$l+ &e ,o&elele '$lt$%ale o1e%#te+ 'a s# &e "%o'ese &e #nte%a't#$ne a

#nv#&$l$# '$ 'e#lalt# Ma# "%e'#s ++1o%,ele 'o,"o%ta,entale s$nt e6"%es## ale $no% "%o1$n&e ,o#'a%# "s#.#'e: ele 'o,"o%ta s# o ,ot#vat#e 'o%es"$n0atoa%e At*t n "$n't$l &e ve&e%e al #nv#&$l$#+ 'at s# al 'ole't#v#tat##+ ,an#1esta%#le'o,"o%ta,entale evol$ate s$nt+ #n a'elas# t#,"+ 'on&$#te %at#onale s# e1#'#ente+so'#al,ente ?$st#1#'ate;

Fo%,ele &e 'o,"o%ta,ent &ob*nte s$nt ,$lt ,a# 1le6#b#le8 ele se ,$lea0a "e %elat#a nt%e s$b#e'te s# ob#e'te De"as#n& l#,#tele "%o%a,$l$# e%eta%+'o,"o%ta,ent$l &ob*nt (&e"lasa%ea #n s"at#$+ $t#l#0a%ea ob#e'telo%+ t%ans1o%,a%eal$'%$%#lo% et') se ba0ea0a "e as#,#la%ea 1$n't#onala+ a'a "s#.#'a a l$,## (P#aet)

De ase,en#+ 'o,"o%ta,ent$l $,an a%e o ba0a "%e't#b#la %at#onala "ot%#v#t'a%e#a a't#$n#le #nt%e"%#nse &e $n #nv#& "ot 1# s'ontate+ aste"tate+ #ntelese &e 'at%e'e#lalt# #nv#0# n so'#etatea $n&e t%a#este

Mo#'a%ea 'o,"o%ta,ent$l$# nost%$ #nv#&$al #n "%e0enta alto% "e%soaneeste o %eal#tate &e 'a%e ne &a, sea,a a"%oa"e la tot "as$l F#e'a%e #nv#& $,aneste "%o&$s$l n$,e%oaselo% sale 'onta'te so'#ale+ al #n1l$entelo% 'on'o,#tente s#'ont#n$# ale se,en#lo% sa# Fo%,ele a'esto% #n1l$ente 'o,"le6e s# ,$lt#late%ale s$ntva%#ate: ele #n'e" '$ &ete%,#na%ea #n no# a $no% at#t$n# 'o,$ne 'ole't#v#tat##'a%e#a ## a"a%t#ne,+ '$ "%el$a%ea $no% t%asat$%# "s#.olo#'e ,a# ene%ale s# 'ont#n$a

"*na la ,o#'a%# "s#.#'e &e "e%1o%,anta #nv#&$alaIn 1%ae&a 'o"#la%#e+ se "%e#a$ &e-a ata+ 'on&$#te '$ 'a%a'te% 'o,$n+ 1a%a a se1# "%obat s# o e6"e%#enta "esonala %e'ta #n %a"o%t '$ %eal#tatea &ata

S$b #n1l$enta 'elo%lalt# se ,o#'a n#vel$l as"#%at##lo% #nv#&$l$#+ se%e'ons#&e%a s# se a?$stea0a t%eb$#ntele+ se &e1#nes' #nte%esele+ '$ toate 'a ,$lte na'este ,ot#ve ale "e%sonal#tat## %e0$lta n$ n$,a# n #n1l$enta 'elo%lalt#+ '# a$ s# ovata &ete%,#na%e ,ate%#ala ne,#?lo'#ta Cel ,a# ,$lt se ,o#'a+ #n #nte%a't#$nea'$ 'e#lalt#+ at#t$n#le noast%e

II.& 'elatia personalitate comportament

Personalitatea n# se #n1at#sea0a 'a $n sistem integral, emergent + #n 'a&%$l'a%$#a ++tot$l se leaa '$ tot$l;+ 1#e'a%e 'o,"onenta &ob*nn& sens "%#n leat$%#le

"e 'a%e le %eal#0ea0a '$ 'elelalte s# 1#e'a%e a't 'o,"o%ta,ental %e1le't*n& sta%easa$ na,#'a #nsol$b#la a ansa,bl$l$#

Un 'o,"o%ta,ent %at#onal+ este #n a'elas# t#," $n 'o,"o%ta,ent no%,al+ 'a%eeste ,ob#l#0at #n a't#$n#le sale &e valo%#le 'o,$ne ale 'elo%lalt#+ %es"e'ta %e$l#leso'#ale+ "a%t#'#"a la &es1as$%a%ea v#et## 'o,$n#ta%e+ &e0volta at#t$n# s# %ea't## #n'onsens '$ ,o&el$l no%,at#v s# '$lt$%al al so'#etat## %es"e't#ve

In s#ste,$l %eal al "e%sonal#tat## este "%enant %e"%e0entata ,ens#$neaa$toeval$a%## s# tennta &e a$to%eal#0a%e+ &e'# tablo$l 'o,"o%ta,ental t%eb$#e sa1#e '#%'$,s'%#s #nt%-o an$,#ta 'onstelat#e &e %elat##+ #a% na,#'a l$# anal#0ata #nte%,en## ro*#-tat-


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D#n "$n't &e ve&e%e "s#.olo#'+ rolul repreinta un ansamblu decomportamente , de reactii ale subiectului la incitarea unei situatii sociale.Genet#' el "%e'e&e stat$s$l+ 'a%e a"a%e 'a $n %e1le6 #nte%#o%#0at al a$toeval$a%## #n%a"o%t '$ alt## s# "e ba0a 'o,"o%ta,entelo% "%ovo'ate n a1a%a

'olul &ese,nea0a ,o&$l s"e'#1#' #n 'a%e "e%sonal#tatea #s# alee+ #s#

o%an#0ea0a s# #s# e1e't$#a0a %as"$ns$%#le #nt%-$n s#ste, &e %elat## &at8 el %e1le'ta #n,o& v#$ s# na,#' st%$'t$%#le+ t%asat$%#le('al#tat#le) s# ,e'an#s,ele &e a$to'ont%olale "e%sonal#tat##

"tatusul %e"%e0#nta oa%e'$, as"e't$l stat#' al "e%sonal#tat##-ansa,bl$l sa$s"e'#1#' &e aste"ta%# #n %a"o%t '$ alt## s# &e a"%e'#e%# la a&%esa alto%a

De %e$la +#nt%e 'ele &o$a ,ens#$n# -%ol s# stat$s- e6#sta o 'o%elat#e "o0#t#va(%e'ta): $n %ol '$ se,n#1#'at#e sa$ #n'a%'at$%a valo%#'a %#'ata 'ont#onea0ast%$'t$%a%ea $n$# stat$s &e ase,enea %#'at s# #nve%s

Stat$s$l #n&e"l#neste '$ "%e'a&e%e o functie homeostaica+ &e a$to&el#,#ta%e+a$to'onse%va%e #n "lan$l %elat##lo% "s#.oso'#ale8 n el #0vo%aste o "$te%n#'a ba0a

,ot#vat#onala+ 'on'%et#0ata #n ansa,bl$l motivelor eului s# #nte%ata #n structuranivelului de aspiratie.

Rol$l #n&e"l#neste o functie instrumental-adaptativa8 "%#n #nte%,e$l l$# seas#$%a+ &e 1a"t+ "$ne%ea &e a'o%& sa$ 'oe'.#l#b%a%ea na,#'a nt%e aste"ta%#le

"%o"%## #n %a"o%t '$ ++alt$l; s# aste"ta%#le ++alt$#a; #n %a"o%t '$ ++s#ne;O"t#,#0a%ea sa$ ,ent#ne%ea stat$s$l$# &at n$ se "oate %eal#0a &e'at #n ,as$%a

#n 'a%e "e%soana %e$seste sa ?oa'e $n %ol a&e'vatA'est$# ob#e't#v ## s$nts$bo%&onate toate st%$'t$%#le "s#.o1#0#olo#'e s# "s#.#'e "a%t#'$la%e: 'on#t#ve+a1e't#ve+ ,ot#vat#onale P$te, ast1el a1#%,a 'a %ol$l este s# $n ,e'an#s, #nte%at#v-

'oo%&onato% al s"on#b#l#tat#lo% 1$n't#onale ale "e%sonal#tat## "e l#n#a at#ne%## $ne#&$ble 1#nal#tat#: una individuala si alta socialaDe a'eea #n st%$'t$%a %ol$l$# se 'o%elea0a atat ,ot#vele s# s'o"$%#le

#nv#&$ale+ '*t s# 'ele so'#ale Can& a'easta 'o%ela%e a?$ne la #nte%a%e s#++1$0#ona%e;+ s"$ne, 'a rolul %e1le'ta a&eva%ata esenta sa$ a&eva%at$l ++,o& &e a1#; al s$b#e't$l$#8 ,"ot%#va+ 'an& #nt%e ,ot#vele s# s'o"$%#le #nv#&$ale s# 'eleso'#ale e6#sta o an$,#ta s'%e"anta+ %ol$l a"a%e 'a ,o&al#tate &e ++"o0a%e;+ &e&e&$bla%e: #nv#&$l 1a'e 'eva s# se 'o,"o%ta #nt%-$n an$,e 1el n$ "ent%$ 'a asa #l&ete%,#na ,ot#vele s# s'o"$%#le sale #nt%#nse'#+ '# "ent%$ 'a asa este ne'esa% #n'onte6t$l &at &e #,"%e?$%a%#+ "ent%$ a obt#ne $n e1e't a&a"tat#v 'o%es"$n0ato%

P%#n $%,a%e+ n$ n$,a# %ol$l #n s#ne+ '# s# 'ont#n$t$l+ &ete%,#nat#a sa "s#.olo#'a#nte%na t%eb$#e sa 'onst#t$#e '%#te%#$l &e anal#0a s# eval$a%e a s#ste,$l$#

"e%sonal#tat## #n "lan 'o,"o%ta,ental ene%al A"a%t#nan& s#,$ltan ,a# ,$lto% %$"$%#+ #nt%an& s$''es#v #n ve%se s#t$at##

&e 'o,$n#'at#e+ #nv#&$l #s# '%ea0a $n '*," na,#' &e %elat##+ 'a%e-l 'o,$ta "e%,anent "e e%#te t#"$%# &e at#t$n#+ a't#$n# s# 'o,"o%ta,ente

Stat$t$l este &e1#n#t 'a ansa,bl$l &e 'o,"o%ta,ente la 'a%e #nv#&$l se "oate aste"ta #n ,o& le#t#, n "a%tea 'elo%lalt#+ #a% %ol$l 'a ansa,bl$l &e'o,"o%ta,ente la 'a%e alt## se astea"ta #n ,o& le#t#, n "a%tea sa Int%-$n 1el se

"oate a1#%,a 'a+ s#ste,$l so'#al este o st%$'t$%a na,#'a &e stat$teO%#'e #nv#& se &e1#neste "%#nt%-o 'on1#$%at#e &e stat$te "a%t#'$la%e 'a%e 'oe6#sta8#n "l$s+ el "ose&a $n stat$t &e ansa,bl$+ #n 'a&%$l #e%a%.#e# ene%ale a so'#etat## s#a'esta ## &ete%,#na l#n#a &o,#nanta &e 'on&$#ta


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O,$l a?$ne la $n an$,#t stat$t "%#n an$,#te &ete%,#na%# totale ale sale: e6se6+ va%sta+ s$nt stat$te "%es'%#se s# n$ s# le "oate s'.#,ba+ sa$ "%#n #nte%,e$la't#$n#lo% s# 'o,"o%ta,entelo% sale av#0ate so'#al (stat$te '#%'$,stant#ale+ ,ob#le)

Stat$t$l n$ este $n 1a'to% e6te%#o% "e%sonal#tat##+ '# o 'o,"onenta #nt%#nse'a ast%$'t$%## e#+ o ,ens#$ne a 'onst##nte# &e s#ne El e6e%'#ta as$"%a #nv#&$l$# la

'a%e se ++atasea0a; #n1l$ente s# 1$n't## b#ne &e1#n#te: ## o1e%a $n "$n't &e a%t#'$lat#e#n s#ste,$l so'#al+ $n 'a&%$ &e %e1e%#nta+ o no%,a 'a%e este #nte%"%etata 'a le#t#,a+a$tent#'a s# #n a'elas# t#," 'a #nst%$,ent "%o"%#$

Stat$t$l "ose&a $n 'ont#n$t 'a%e n$ este ,a# "$t#n #,"o%tant "ent%$ na,#'a "e%sonal#tat## El &ete%,#na '$ "%e'#0#e 'o,"o%ta,ent$l #nv#&$l$# #n v#ata so'#alas# 'o,"o%ta,ent$l alto%a #n %a"o%t '$ s#ne8 stat$t$l e6"%#,a "%enant s# #nv#&$al&%e"t$%#le s# &ato%##le+ #n'a #nv#&$l$# ,ens#$nea sa so'#ala+ ## 'on1e%asent#,ent$l se'$%#tat## "e%sonale+ ba0at "e 'a%a'te%$l stab#l s# "%ev#0#b#l ale6"e%#entelo% "e 'a%e el le e1e't$#a0a #n l$,e

FEREASTRA /OHARIC$nos'$t Ne'$nos'$t

e$l$# e$l$# - C$nos'$t /'elo%lalt# DESCHIS OR7

Ne'$nos'$t 2 3'elo%lalt# ASCUNS NECUNOSCUT -

9ose". L$1t a %eal#0at o "%e0enta%e ,at%#'eala a #nte%a't#$n## 'on#t#ve nt%e / "e%soane s# "a 'a%e a &en$,#t-o ++1e%east%a 9o.a%# (9oe Ha%%)

Cva&%ant$l - &es'.#s se %e1e%a la 'o,"o%ta,entele+ sent#,entele s#,ot#vat#a+ '$nos'$te &e 'e#lalt# s# &e e$

Cva&%ant$l /- o%b se %e1e%a la 'o,"o%ta,entele+ sent#,entele s# ,ot#vat#a'$nos'$te 'elo%lalt# &a% ne'$nos'$te e$l$#

Cva&%ant$l 2 -as'$ns 'o,"o%ta,ente+ sent#,ente s# ,ot#vat##+ '$nos'$tee$l$# s# ne'$nos'$te 'elo%lalt#

Cva&%ant$l 3 -ne'$nos'$t ne'$nos'$te n#'# e$l$# n#'# 'elo%lalt#A'este 'va&%ante a$ #n 'on'e"t#a l$# L$1t an$,#te 'a%a'te%#st#': Ma%#,ea l$# J este #&ent#'a "ent%$ 1#e'a%e "e%soana a1lata #n #nte%a't#$ne

s# ea 'onst#t$#e o ba0a "ent%$ #nte%a't#$ne/ Ma%#,ea l$# J/ &a %a&$l &e ++v$lne%ab#l#tate; a e$l$#2 Ma%#,ea l$# J2 #n'a 0ona #nt#,a a e$l$# s# #,"%e$na '$ J este &es

#ntaln#ta #n "%#,ele 1a0e ale #nte%a't#$n## '$ 'elalalt

3 Ma%#,ea l$# J3

"oate 1# &ete%,#nata n$,a# &$"a ++&es'o"e%#%ea K e# #n'$%s$l #nte%a't#$n##Stat$t$l #n&e"l#neste o 1$n't#e ,ot#vat#onala+ #n1l$entan& as$"%a n#vel$l$# &e

as"#%at#e+ n#vel$l$# &e %eal#0a%e s# a$toa"%e'#e%##


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EPERIENTA DE ARF este $n 'on'e"t at%#b$#t l$# Maslo "%#n 'a%e el#ntelee n$ to',a# va%1$l '$%be# &e "e%1o%,anta a o%#'a%$# 'o,"o%ta,ent+ '# 'eva,$lt ,a# s"e'#1#'El vo%beste &e 'ele ,a# 1%$,oase %eal#0a%# ale oa,en#lo% ++a$to%eal#0ant#; Ele #n'l$& e6"e%#ente "a%entale+ ++e6"e%#ente ,#st#'e sa$ ab#sale+nat$%a+ "e%'e"t#a estet#'a+ ,o,ent$l '%eato%+ te%a"e$t#'a #nt$#t#e# #ntele't$ale+

e6"e%#enta se6$ala+ an$,#te 1o%,e &e &esava%s#%e atlet#'aA'este ,o,ente+ s#altele+ &e ,a6#,a sat#s1a't#e s# &esav*%s#%e+ le vo# &en$,# e6"e%#ente &e va%1;Maslo e,#te #"ote0a "ot%#v#t 'a%e#a+ 'eea 'e "oate 1# ob#sn$#t #n e6"e%#enta

oa,en#lo% e6'e"t#onal#+ se "%o&$'e #n ,o,entele &e va%1 n e6"e%#enta 'elo%lalt#nt%e no# s# &e a'eea a% "$tea 1# %e'$nos'$te

El &es'%#e an$,#te #ns$s#%# 'o,$ne oa,en#lo% a$to%eal#0ant# s# #ns$s#%#le'elo%lalt# oa,en# #n ,o,entele &e va%1:

-e# s$nt ,a# 'a"ab#l# sa #nteleaa $n#ve%s$l+ 'a s# '$, el a% e6#sta #n&e"en&entn$ n$,a# 1ata &e e#+ '# 1ata &e 1##ntele $,ane #n ene%al E# "ot 'e%'eta ,a# $so% nat$%a+ 'a s# '$, ea a% e6#sta #n s#ne s# "ent%$ s#ne s# n$ 'a s# '$, a% 1# "$% s#

s#,"l$ $n te%en $,an &e ?o' "lasat a'olo "ent%$ s'o"$%#le oa,en#lo%-%e"eta%ea e6"%es#e# #,boateste "e%'e"t#a8 a'est l$'%$ n$ &$'e la "l#'t#seala+

la "#e%&e%ea atent#e# o%# la e1e'te &e 1a,#l#a%#0a%e(E6"$ne%ea %e"etata a $n$# tablo$&e valoa%e "%o&$'e o b$'$%#e s"o%#ta+ e6"$ne%ea %e"etata a $n$# tablo$ "%ost va1a'e sa 1#e 'ons#&e%at s# ,a# "$t#n 1%$,os)

-#n&%aost#t## #s# "ot &es'o"e%# %e'#"%o' "otent#al#tat# 1ata &e 'a%e alt# oa,en#s$nt o%b# ++D%aostea n$ este oa%ba;8 este "os#b#l 'a #n&%aost#t$l sa 1#e ,a#%e'e"t#v &e'at 'el 'a%e n$ este #n&%aost#t

-"e%'e"t#a "oate 1# ne,ot#vata+ #,"e%sonala+ 1a%a s'o"+ alt%$#sta8 ea "oate 1#

1#6ata "e ob#e't+ n$ eo'ent%#'a8 ea "oate 'onst#t$# o %eal#tate #n&e"en&enta &e s#ne#nsas# s# n$ &e"en&enta &e "%#v#to%-e6"e%#enta &e va%1 este "e%'e"$ta 'a o a$to'on1#%,a%e+ 'a $n ,o,ent

a$to?$st#1#'ant 'a%e+ #n a'est ,o&+ #s# #,"$ne "%o%#a sa valoa%e #nt%#nse'a-e6"e%#enta &e va%1 este "e%'e"$ta 'a "o0#t#va s# &o%#ta s# n$ este n#'#o&ata

ne1asta+ &$%e%oasa sa$ #n&e0#%ab#la-%ea't#a e,ot#onala #n ,o,ent$l e6"e%#ente# &e va%1 a%e o savoa%e s"e'#1#'a &e

,#%a%e+ a&,#%at#e+ &e $,#l#nta #na#ntea e6"e%#ente#E6"e%#enta &e va%1 n$ "%#veste n$,a# "e%sonal#tat#le ,a%'ante '# ,$lt# oa,en#

t%a#es'+ 'el "$t#n #n $nele o'a0##+ ast1el &e e6"e%#enteA'este e6"e%#ente "ot 1#

"os#b#le s# #n'$%a?ate

II.( "tabilitate si fragiliare

Sta5!*!tata este o "%o"%#etate ('a"a'#tate) a $n$# s#ste, &e a-s# ,ent#nee'.#l#b%$l o"t#, (st%$'t$%al s# 1$n't#onal) #n &e'$%s$l $n$# an$,#t #nte%val &e t#,"+#n '#$&a va%#at##lo% ,e$l$# e6te%n Coe1#'#ent$l 'el ,a# %#'at &e stab#l#tate seobt#ne #n 'a&%$l s#ste,elo% '$ a$to%ela%e 'a%e s"$n &e 1ee&ba'@ neat#v+'a%ean$lea0a o%#'e &ev#at#e &e la no%,a P%#n #nte%,e$l l$#+ se %eal#0ea0a %ela%ea &e

stab#l#0a%e sa$ .o,eosta0#'a Se ,a# n$,este s# 1ee&ba'@ &e stab#l#0a%eFo%,a 'ea ,a# #nalta &e %eal#0a%e s# ,an#1esta%e a 1ee&ba'@-$l$# o %e"%e0#ntaa$to'ont%ol$l 'onst#ent8 "%#n a'easta o,$l &ev#ne s# 'el ,a# 'o,"le6 s#ste, '$a$to%ela%e


18/105

La 1##nta $,ana+ 'a%e este $n s#ste, v#$ .#"e%'o,"le6+ stab#l#tatea este%elat#va s# se ,an#1esta #n e%#te %a&e+ #n'e"*n& &e la t%asat$%#le $n#ve%sal $,ane'e 'a%a'te%#0ea0a o,$l 'a s"e'#e a"o# t%asat$%#le 'e 'a%a'te%#0ea0a an$,#te'ole't#v#tat# (nat#$n#+ ,e# so'#ale+ 1a,#le) s# "*na la #ns$s#%#le #nv#&$ale "%o"%##1#e'a%e# "e%sonal#tat# ast1el:

-anato,#a s# 1#0#olo#a o%an#s,$l$#+ st%$'t$%a a"a%atelo% sen0o%#ale (&e t#"$,an) &ato%#ta 'a%o%a oa,en## a$&+ va&+"#"a#e la 1el+ a$ stab#l#tatea 'ea ,a# ,a%e8-a'.#0#t##le so'#al &ete%,#nate+ &e ase,enea 'o,$ne t$t$%o% oa,en#lo%: a$0$l

1one,at#'+ vo%b#%ea a%t#'$lata+ a$0$l ,$0#'al+ ve&e%ea '%o,at#'a+ sens#b#l#tatea'$tanata et'+ s$nt t%asat$%# 'e se ,o#'a lent #n &e'$%s$l #sto%#e# o,en#%##

-"a%t#'$la%#tat#le 1#0#'e s# "s#.#'e &ete%,#nate &e 1a'to%# eo%a1#'# s# '$lt$%al#'e 'on1e%a o an$,#ta s"e'#1#'#tate $ne# 'ole't#v#tat# ,a# ,a%# sa$ ,a# ,#'#: e6oa,en## n ta%#le no%'e+ as#at#'##+ a1%#'an##8 tot a#'# #nt%a s# 'a%a'te%#st#'#le "s#.#'e'e "a%t#'$la%#0e0a o an$,#ta nat#$ne+ %e#$ne

- &e ase,enea "e%sonal#tatea 1#e'a%$# #nv#&+ '$"%#n&e t%asat$%# %elat#v stab#le

'$, a% 1#: te,"e%a,ent$l+ a"t#t$n#le+ 'a%a'te%$lFra2!*!0ara este o 'onse'#nta a tens#$n#lo% #nte%ne s# e6te%ne 'e a't#onea0a #n

s#ste,+ 1a'*n& 'a $nele n "a%t#le 'o,"onenete ale a'est$#a sa &ev#na ,a#nes#$%e+ sa se abata &e la valo%#le no%,ale F%a#l#0a%ea este leata &e a'ele'o,"onente ale s#ste,$l$# '$ o st%$'t$%a ,a# &el#'ata

F%a#l#0a%ea "oate 1# &e1#n#ta #n ant#te0a '$ stab#l#tatea: ea a't#onea0a 'a $n%e0$ltat al #n1l$entelo% #nte%ne s# e6te%ne as$"%a o%an#s,$l$# "e st%$'t$%#le ,a#&el#'ate+ t#n0*n& s"%e &est%$'t$%a%e s# &estab#l#0a%ea #nt%e$l$#

F%a#l#0a%ea este $%,a%ea '%#0elo% 1#0#'e+ "s#.#'e s# so'#ale+ 'e #nte%v#n #n

&e0volta%ea $,ana+ #n toate "e%#oa&ele &e v*%staC%#0ele la %*n&$l lo%+ s$nt leate &e ,o&$l #n 'a%e #nv#&$l $,an %e$seste sa-s# %e0olve n$,e%oasele s# va%#atele 'ont%a't## 'e a"a% #n e6#stenta sa:

- $n#ve%sal $,ane-'ont#onate &e a"a%tenenta sa la o an$,#ta 'lasa so'#ala &a% s# &e

"a%t#'$la%#tat#le e"o'## #sto%#'e #n 'a%e t%a#este- leate &e "a%t#'$la%#tat#le &e v*%sta-'ont%a't## a"a%t#n*n& 1#e'a%e# #nv#&$al#tat#"tabilitatea este ,a# ,a%e #n t%asat$%#le 'e 'a%a'te%#0e0a o,$l 'a s"e'#e s# a%e

$n %a& ,a# ,#' la n#vel #nv#&$al+ "e '*n& fragiliarea leata %e't &e '%#0ele

$,ane este ,a# ,#'a la n#vel $n#ve%sal $,an s# ,a# ,a%e la n#vel #nv#&$al

II.) "chimbarea sociala

A &even#t l$'%$ 'o,$n sa vo%b#, &es"%e s'.#,ba%# so'#ale &eoa%e'e ele a$av$t lo' #n ,a# toate ene%at##le+ 1#e 'a a 1ost vo%ba &e %a0bo#+ %evol$t#e "ol#t#'a+sa$ '%#0e e'ono,#'e8 '$ tot## a, s$"o%tat sa$ t%e'$t "%#nt%-o avalansa &e s'.#,ba%#+#ns$1let#t#+ #n1%#'osat# o%# #,"#et%#t# &e 'e e%a sa n# se #nta,"le A'este even#,ente%a'ale t%ans1o%,a #ntot&ea$na v#et#le oa,en#lo%

++Este #'#l sa 1## atent la 1o%ta s# %e't#a $n$# $%aan 'an& est# #n ,#?lo'$ll$#;


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Pa%a&o6$l so'#olo#e# este 'a o%#'e s#ste, so'#al este 1o%,at n "%o'ese s#,e'an#s,e &e %e0#stenta la s'.#,ba%e s# &e as#,#la%e a #nv#0#lo% la valo%#le s#st%$'t$%#le sale t%at#onale+ s# 'a #n a'elas# t#," "oa%ta #n el 1a'to%## s'.#,ba%##

Con1o%, 't#ona%$l$# &e so'#olo#e s'.#,ba%ea so'#ala 'onsta #n t%e'e%ea$n$# s#ste, so'#al sa$ a $ne# 'o,"onente a a'est$#a &e la o sta%e la alta sta%e

e%#ta 'al#tat#v s#sa$ 'ant#tat#vPs#.olo#a so'#ala aso'#a0a s'.#,ba%ea '$ na,#'a %$"$%#lo% $,ane+ '$ "%o'es$l &e #nt%o&$'e%e a no# valo%# s# no%,e #n 'ole't#v#tate+ #n leat$%a '$,o#'a%ea at#t$n#lo% s# 'o,"o%ta,entelo% so'#ale ale #nv#0#lo%

O%#'e "%o'es &e s'.#,ba%e "%es$"$ne #nte%vent#a s#,$ltana as$"%a 1a'to%#lo% morfologici (s$bst%at ,ate%#al+ s"at#al+ &e,o%a1#')+ psihosociologici (#n1l$entaas$"%a #nv#0#lo% 'e %e"%e0#nta $n ,o&el '$lt$%al) s# socioculturali (,o&$l &e%e"e%'$%s#$ne a $ne# s'.#,ba%# as$"%a e%#telo% n#vel$%# ale st%$'t$%## so'#ale)

S'.#,ba%ea "s#.oso'#olo#'a este o o"e%at#e &e t%ans1o%,a%e &e s#t$at##+a't#v#tat#+ stat$te s# %ol$%# so'#ale s# a %a"o%t$%#lo% $,ane nt%-$n %$" so'#al+ a

n#vel$l$# &e v#ata+ a s"o0#t##lo%+ sanatat##+ st%$'t$%## so'#ale ene%aleCon'e"t$l &e schimbare psihosociala a%e #n ve&e%e n$ o%#'e ,o#'a%e &e

'o,"o%ta,ent so'#al sa$ %elat#e $,ana+ '# "%o'es$l &e #nlo'$#%e a sta%##+ #ns$s#%##+st%$'t$%## "s#.oso'#ale e6#stente+ '$ altele no$ elabo%ate+ 'a%e sa #n&e"l#neas'a ,$lt,a# a&e'vat s# e1#'#ent 1$n't##le #n 'a&%$l &e0volta%## #nt%e$l$# ansa,bl$ alo%an#0at#e# so'#ale &ate

S'.#,ba%#le n 'o,"o%ta,ent$l so'#al al #nv#0#lo%+ "%e'$, s# 'ele &e %$"se &es1asoa%a s$b #n1l$enta s'.#,ba%#lo% 1$n&a,entale n so'#etate Ast1el+%evol$t#ona%ea 1el$l$# #n 'a%e oa,en## "%o&$' b$n$%#le ne'esa%e t%a#$l$#+ s'.#,ba

esent#al %elat##le lo% so'#ale+ #nlo'$#n&$-le '$ no# t#"$%# &e %elat##+ 'a%e la %*n&$l lo% a&$' s'.#,ba%# #n 'onst##nta oa,en#lo%S'.#,ba%# &e n#vel ,a'%oso'#al '$, a% 1#: &es1##nta%ea "%o"%#etat## &e stat

as$"%a ,#?loa'elo% &e "%o&$'t#e s# t%e'e%ea la "%o"%#etatea "a%t#'$la%a+ %evol$t#ate.n#'o-st##nt#1#'a as#,#lata &e so'#etate+ et' "%o&$' s'.#,ba%# at*t la n#vel$l,a'%ost%$'t$%#lo% so'#ale (#n&$st%#e+ 'o,e%t et') '*t s# al ,#'%ost%$'t$%#lo%: #n'$lt$%a+ #n ,o&elele &e 'on&$#ta+ #n '%#te%##le &e a"%e'#e%e ale #nv#0#lo%

S'.#,ba%ea so'#ala se %eal#0ea0a #nsa "e 1on&$l $ne# 'ont#n$#tat# ,ate%#ale s#a ele,entelo% '$lt$%ale 'a%e ,ent#n tot$s# 'ole't#v#tatea &$%ab#la8 n$ toatest%$'t$%#le 'ole't#v#tat## s# n$ toate 'o,"o%ta,entele so'#ale o%# %elat##le #nv#0#lo%

se s'.#,ba $n#1o%,: l#,ba+ t%at##le '$lt$%ale+ 'onst##nta 'ole't#va a "%o"%#e# #sto%##+et' s$nt stab#le #n so'#etate+ ele ,ent#n #&ent#tatea $ne# 'ole't#v#tat#+ a $n$# "o"o%+a $ne# nat#$n#

S'.#,ba%ea "s#.oso'#olo#'a se e6"%#,a s# 'a a&o"ta%e a $no% ele,ente &eno$tate #n &o,en#$l te.n#'+ e&$'at#v+ 'o,"o%ta,ental Se s'.#,ba #nt*# ele,entelete.n#'o-st##nt#1#'e+ a"o# 'on'e"t##le s# ,eto&ele &e o%an#0a%e+ $%,*n& a"o#s'.#,ba%ea %elat##lo% #nte%"e%sonale s# s'.#,ba%ea #nv#0#lo% A'easta o%ne n$este 1#6a+ &a% se %easeste a&eseo%# 'a o ale't#'a a s'.#,ba%##8 s'.#,ba%ea#nsea,na evol$t#e+ &e0volta%e+ '%este%e+ &es1as$%a%e+ a&a"ta%e

Uneo%#+ s'.#,ba%ea #,"l#'a t%ans1o%,a%# ,a# ,$lt sa$ ,a# "$t#n b%$ste s# "%o1$n&e+ %$"t$%# #nt%-$n s#ste, ("s#.oso'#al+ $,an) e'.#l#b%at+ sto%s#$n#1$n't#onale (vo%t$%#le+ s'.#,ba%# ale n#vel$l$# &e t%a#+ ale "ol#t#'## s'ola%e et')P%o'es$l &e s'.#,ba%e "oate 1# #nte%se'tat s# &e ,o,ente &e &e0o%ne+


20/105

&e0o%an#0a%e+ &e%ela%e sa$ ano,#e8 "%es$"$ne #n a'est 'a0 o sta%e &e tens#$ne "s#.olo#'a la n#vel$l 1#e'a%$# "a%t#'#"ant+ $n sent#,ent 'on1$0+ &$blat &e an6#etates# nostal#e 1ata &e t%e'$t S'.#,ba%ea &e 'on&$#ta+ #n&eoseb#+ se sol&ea0a '$ o%$"t$%a #n ob#sn$#ntele &o,est#'e+ '$ #,"l#'at## as$"%a as"e'telo% 1$n't#onale s#e,ot#onale o#nta &e "e%,anenta+ tennta &e 'onse%va%e 'a%e as#$%a #&ent#tatea

s# 'oe%enta v#n &e'# #n 'ont%a't#e '$ s'.#,ba%eaFeno,en$l s'.#,ba%## 'o,"o%ta,entelo% so'#ale este 'ont#onat at*t &e1a'to%# "s#.oso'#al# e6te%n#+ '*t s# &e 1a'to%# #nv#&$al#+ #nte%n#

No# t%a#, &e 1a"t #nt%-o ++"e%#oa&a &e s'.#,ba%e;+ #n 'eea 'e "%#veste'$nost#ntele+ 'o,$n#'at##le+ 'ont##le "ol#t#'e+ e'ono,#'e+ so'#ale s# '$lt$%ale+&e0volta%ea te.n#'a+ ##ena et' #a% a'easta ++s'ont#n$#tate; a1e'tea0a "e #nv#&,$lt ,a# 1%e'vent s# '%eea0a 'on1l#'te #nte%ne #n s#ste,ele so'#ale A'easta este oe%a &e ++s'ont#n$#tate 'on1l#'t$ala; A'est t#" &e0o%&onat s# .a0a%&at &es'.#,ba%e este t#"#' "ent%$ 1ostele+ asa n$,#te ++so'#etat# #n '$%s &e &e0volta%e;+$n&e st%$'t$%#le s# valo%#le t%at#onale se '#o'nes' &e 'ele 'a%e &e%#va n

#n&$st%#al#0a%e s# $%ban#0a%e Cl#,at$l "s#.#' este #n s'.#,ba%e: o"t#,#s,$l este $%,at &e "es#,#s,Ce%t#t$nea proiectului uman este #nlo'$#ta "%#n nes#$%anta as$"%a v##to%$l$#Este o "e%#oa&a &e #n'e%t#t$ne s# &e 'onst#ent#0a%e "e &e o "a%te+ a 'ont%ast$l$#nt%e "$te%ea o,$l$# as$"%a nat$%## ("e 'a%e este 'a"ab#l sa o t%ans1o%,e) s# as$"%aso'#etat## ("e 'a%e "oate sa o ,anev%e0e)+ s# "e &e alta "a%te+ #n'a"a'#tatea sa &e a-s# &e'#&e "%o"%#$l v##to%+ &e a 'on'e"e $n no$ proiect uman s# &e a se el#be%a &e++"$te%ea l$'%$%#lo%;Tot$l a &even#t nes#$%: #e%a%.#a valo%#lo%+ s#ste,ele "$te%##+et'

S'.#,ba%ea %a"#&a (asa '$, s-a #nt*,"lat s# #n ta%a la no#) "oa%ta #n s#ne "e%#'ol$l 'a valo%#le+ ,o%ala+ %elat##le #nte%"e%sonale+ #,a#nea &es"%e s#ne s# s#,t$l#&ent#tat## sa 1#e 'o"les#te Int%-o l$,e &e #n'e%t#t$ne e6t%e,a+ #nv#&$l va t%eb$#sa l$"te "ent%$ a "ast%a $n 'on'e"t stab#l leat &e "%o"%#a sa #&ent#tate s# &e 'eea'e %e"%e0#nta el+ "%#v#n& lo'$l 'e # se '$v#ne #n so'#etate+ 'e #nsea,na el "ent%$'e#lalt#+ 'e #nsea,na 'e#lalt# "ent%$ s#ne+ 'e &%e"t$%#+ "%#v#le## s# obl#at## ## %ev#n#n ,o& s#$%Da'a a'este t#"$%# &e va%#ab#le &ev#n "%ea #n'e%te+ n$ n$,a# 'a va&even# o sa%'#na #'#la s# 1%$st%anta "ent%$ #nv#& sa &es"%#n&a $n sens na,b#anta sa &e 0# '$ 0#+ &a% 'e# 'e n$ s$nt "%eat#t# "ent%$ s'.#,ba%e vo% #n'e%'asent#,ent$l 'a n$ #s# ,a# "ot 'ont%ola #nte%a't#$nea '$ e6#stenta Poate ast1el sa

a"a%a o sta%e &e al#ena%e "%o1$n&a n$ n$,a# 1ata &e ,$n'a+ '# s# 1ata &e 'e#lalt#oa,en# s# '.#a% 1ata &e s#ne #ns$s#

Feno,en$l &e s'.#,ba%e a,en#nta v#ata "s#.#'a &a% el este tot$s# ele,ent$l "%#n'#"al al &e0volta%## s# "%o%es$l$# Pent%$ 'a v#ata "s#.#'a sa bene1#'#e0e &ee1e'tele s'.#,ba%##+ a'estea t%eb$#e sa 1#e t%a#te #nt%-$n %#t, s# #nt%-o ,as$%a 'a%e sa

"oata 1# a''e"tate &e "e%soanele #,"l#'ate Un 1a'to% #,"o%tant #n &e0volta%ea $ne# so'#etat#+ a# 'a%e# ,e,b%# "ot "%o1#ta

&e "e $%,a s'.#,ba%## este ,as$%a #n 'a%e ,e,b%## e# s$nt "%eat#t# "ent%$s'.#,ba%eUn as"e't #,"o%tant al &e0volta%## "s#.olo#'e este &ob*n%ea

stab#l#tat## s# "e%,anente# #nt%-$n ,e$ 1l$'t$ant s# %elat#v nes#$% In domeniul intelectual cognitiv oa,en## #nvata sa stab#leas'a te.n#'# s#st%ate## &e #ntelee%e a no#lo% 'ont## a"a%$te


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In domeniul relatiilor sociale interpersonale si al rolurilor sociale, oa,en###n'e" sa a#ba %ol$%# e%#te 'a%e s'.#,ba s# %elat##le se,n#1#'at#ve #nt%e e# Se&e0volta $n s#,t al a"a%tenente# la an$,#te %$"$%# s# se 'la&este o %etea &e %elat##'$ alt## Inv#&$l #s# %est%$'t$%ea0a an$,#te &%e"t$%# s# "%#v#le## #n 'onta'tele '$alt##+ "%e'$, s# &ato%##le s# obl#at##le #,"l#'#te

In domeniul devoltarii intrapsihice, al individualitatii si al identitatii personale, se "oate s'.#,ba #,a#nea &e s#ne+ a "%o"%#e# valo%#+ a $n#'#tat## "e%sonale et' Inv#&$l &ob*n&este valo%#+ o ,o%ala s# o et#'a 'on1o%,e '$ no$ast%$'t$%a n 'a%e 1a'e "a%te &a%+ e6#sta s# $n "e%#'ol se%#os 'a #nv#&$al#tatea sa sa1#e 'o"les#ta+ sa$ s$"%#,ata &ato%#ta absente# %e"e%elo% 1#6e s# s#$%e sa$ a stal"#lo% &e s"%#?#n 'a%e sa .#&e0e s# sa as#$%e se'$%#tatea &e0volta%## "e%sonale El #nvatasa %es"#na an$,#te 'o,"o%ta,ente s# sa a&,#%e alteleEl #s# &e0volta $n no$s#ste, &e valo%# #nte%#oa%e+ 'a%e-# .#&ea0a s# stab#l#0ea0a 'o,"o%ta,ent$l+ ast1el#n'at &ev#ne %elat#v stab#l "ent%$ 'e#lalt# s# "ent%$ s#ne

In domeniul activitatii emotionale si motivationale, #nv#&$l a%e #&eal$%# s#

as"#%at##El #s# stab#leste n#vel$%# &e as"#%at## "e%sonale+ na0$#nte s"%e s'o"$%# El&ev#ne 'a"ab#l sa ,*n$#as'a s$''es$l s# ese'$l s# #nvata sa-s# a&a"te0e as"#%at##le+s"e%antele s# te,e%#le "e ba0a e6"e%#ente# sale &e v#ata El &ev#ne stab#l e,ot#onals# ,ot#vat#onal+ at$n'# 'an& '$%s$l even#,entelo% &ev#ne no%,al

In 'ont## &e s'.#,ba%e+ #nv#&$l #nvata n e6"e%#entele sale ante%#oa%eav$te #n ,e$l stab#l+ st%$'t$%at s# s#ste,at#0at

Conse'venta s# stab#l#tatea s$nt 1a'to%## '.e#e a# ,e$l$# 'a%e o%#entea0a&e0volta%ea "s#.olo#'a Ceea 'e &a sens v#et## este ,o&el$l sa$ %e$la%#tatea+

"ent%$ 'a "e%,#te #nv#&$l$# sa-s# 1o%,e0e o 'on'e"t#e stab#la s# 'oe%enta &es"%e

,o&$l &e s#ntet#0a%e a e6"e%#ente#S'.#,ba%ea este ne'esa%a "ent%$ &e0volta%ea "s#.olo#'a &a% #n a'elas# t#,"ea a% "$tea s-o %$"a s# sa o &e0o%an#0e0eDes"%#n&e%ea nt%-$n ,e$ stab#l( l$'%$ 1#%es' #nt%-o s'.#,ba%e) 'a%e #n t%e'$t a &at $n sens s# $n s'o" v#et##+ "oate'o"les# $n #nv#&C$%s$l v#et## sale n$ ,a# "oate 1# "%eva0$t+ n$ ,a# "oate #ntelee'e se "et%e'e #n ?$%$l sa$ N$ ,a# "oate 'ont%ola %e0$ltatele "%o"%#$l$#'o,"o%ta,ent+ sa$ "%eve&ea %ea't##le alto% #nv#0# 1ata &e el Peste tot este #nnes#$%anta+ '.#a% s# sa%'#n#le 0#ln#'e 'ele ,a# s#,"le s$nt "l#ne &e #n'e%t#t$ne+sa$ 'el "$t#n &e st#n.e%eala El #s# "oate "#e%&e 'ont%ol$l as$"%a "%o"%#e# sale v#et#Da'a n$ 1a'e 1ata s'.#,ba%## el "oate 1# s$"$s la #0ola%e so'#ala + #nst%a#na%e &e

"%o"%## 'o"##+ ne1e%#'#%e "%o1$n&a+ a,a%a'#$ne+ "oate &even# al'ool#'+ '%#,#nal+ bolnav "s#.#'+ et'

O s'.#,ba%e e6t%e, &e %a"#&a #nt%-o so'#etate "a%e a #,"l#'a: 1#s$%a%eavalo%#lo%+ o #n'e%t#t$ne a %ol$%#lo% so'#ale+ o "%ab$s#%e a stat$t$l$# "%o1es#onalante%#o%+ o "e%#,a%e a &e"%#n&e%#lo% "%o1es#onale ante%#oa%e+ et' A,en#nta%ea#nt%a"e%sonala e6e%'#tata &e s'.#,ba%e este 'ea 'a%e va "%o&$'e a"o# #nst%a#na%ea

"%#n 'o"les#%ea #nv#&$al#tat## s# #&ent#tat##S'.#,ba%ea 'on&$'e &e %e$la la st%es + 'a%e a%e n$,e%oase $%,a%# 1#0#'e s#

"s#.#'eN$,a# 'a ,a?o%#tatea a&$lt#lo% #nvata '$, sa 1a'a 1ata #n no#le 'ont##

tens#$n#lo% s# st%es$l$#+ a?$n*n& #n 1#nal la o stab#l#0a%e a st%$'t$%#lo% "s#.#'e 'e s-a$ "$t$t 1%a#l#0a n 'a$0a s'.#,ba%##

II.* Vârsta adulta


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olta#%e e%a &e "a%e%e 'a #nt%-o s'$t#e+ t%eb$#e &e1#n#t# te%,en##+ alt1el se "ot

#v# ne*ntelee%#+ 1#e'a%e &*n& $n sens e%#t not#$n#lo% In 'onse'#nta &a'a vo%b#,&es"%e v*%sta a&$lta t%eb$#e sa ve&e, #nt%e 'e "e%#oa&e te t#," o #n'l$&e, Ast1el#n'e%'a%# &e "e%#oa%e a v*%stelo% $,ane e6#sta &e "e t#,"$l %o,an#lo% 'a%e+

$t#l#0a$ o "e%#oa%e a v#et## #n 4 eta"e: "$e%#t#a+ a&oles'ent#a+ ?$vent$s+ v#%#l#tas+sene't$s 'e s-a% t%a&$'e "%#n: 'o"#la%#a+ t#ne%etea+ v*%sta ba%bat$l$#+ "e%#oa&a,at$%#tat## o,$l$# s# v*%sta bat%*net## Pent%$ C4. &64*r+ '$%ba b#olo#'a a v#et## a%ata ast1el: o "e%#oa&a &e'%este%e &e "ana la /4 an#+ $%,ea0a a"o# o stana%e "ana la %elat#v 4 an#+ &$"a'a%e $%,ea0a &e'l#n$lPe a'est %a1#' $so% &e #,a#nat+ a$toa%ea a&a$a $nse,ent "%el$n#to% '$%be# as'en&ente+ 'a%e %e"%e0#nta ++'%este%ea "%o&$selo% v#et##;+ 'a%e s$"%av#et$#es' #nv#&$l$# O l#n#e ve%t#'ala 'e $neste "%o&$seleas'en&ente '$ l#n#a &e'l#n$l$#+ a%ata 'a #nv#&$l+ &es# #s# #n'.e#e "%o"%#a v#ata+a'easta 'ont#n$a sa se ,an#1este #n %eal#0a%#le sale: 'o"##+ o"e%e sa$ e1e'te so'#ale

"ost$,e ale "e%sonal#tat##In a'elas# s"#%#t s$nt s# #&e#le l$# ). Strn (!22) 'a%e #n'ea%'a sa

#nte%"%ete0e #nt%e$l '$%s al v#et## $n$# o,+ ++'a o "#%a,#&a ,a%e na,#'a;:'o"#la%#a s# t#ne%etea 1o%,ea0a $%'$s$l+ an## ,at$%# a# va%ste# a&$lte #n'a va%1$l+$%,ea0a a"o# ,#n$a%ea v#o%##+ a #ntens#tat## &e a't#$ne s# st#ne%ea 'a"a'#tat## &ea't#$ne

Mor- (!42) &$"a '%#te%#$l ++ #,"$ls$%#lo% &e ba0a; (#,"$ls$%#le+st%a&$#ntele v#tal-s$1letest#+ st%a&$#ntele "%a't#'e+ st%a&$#ntele s"#%#t$ale)+ 1a'e o

"e%#oa%e a v#et## #n 5 eta"e:

)- 'o"#la%#a s# t#ne%etea (-/ an#)/)-"%#,a "e%#oa&a a va%ste# a&$lte ( "e%#oa&a va%ste# a&$lte &o,#nate &e t#ne%ete)(/- 2an#)

2)-a &o$a "e%#oa&a a va%ste# a&$lte (,#e0$l v#et## $,ane) (2-33 an#)3)-a t%e#a "e%#oa&a a va%ste# a&$lte (t#,"$l '%#0e# s# al a$to'$noaste%##) (34-44 an#)4) s# 5) - 'ele &o$a "e%#oa&e ale bat%anet## ( 45-5 s# 5 s# s1a%s#t)

Er!7-on a "%o"$s sta# &e &e0volta%e a 'onst##nte# &e s#ne: ++#n'%e&e%e 'ont%a ne#n'%e&e%e; ('o"#la%#e t#,"$%#e)/ ++a$tono,#e 'ont%a #n&o#ala s# %$s#ne; ('o"#la%#e ,#?lo'#e)2 ++#n#t#at#va 'ont%a v#novat#e; ('o"#la%#e ta%0#e)

3 ++.a%n#'#e 'ont%a #n1e%#o%#tate; ("%ea&oles'enta)4 ++#&ent#tatea 'onst##nte# &e s#ne 'ont%a st%#b$#%## %ol$l$#;

(a&oles'enta)5 ++sens#b#l#tate 'ont%a #0ola%e; (,at$%#tate t#,"$%#e)= ++e6"ans#$nea "e%sonal#tat## 'ont%a stana%## e$l$#; (,at$%#tate

,#?lo'#e) ++#nte%#tate 'ont%a &e0na&e?&e; (,at$%#tate ta%0#e)

Von T!*!n2 "%e0#nta v#ata o,$l$# #n 4 "e%#oa&e &e 'ate 3 an#+ "e%#oa&e "e 'a%e a"o# le s$b#,"a%te #n #nte%vale &e 'ate = an#

D$"a "a%e%ea l$# S. D5*!nan, "ent%$ o, e6#sta 'a "e%#oa&e &e v#ata,a# #,"o%tante: 'o"#la%#a &e la !-/ an#+ a&oles'enta &e la /- an#+ a"o# a&$lt$ltana% /4-24 an#+ ,at$%#tatea s# &e0volta%ea &e la 24-4 an#

M!* (*at #,"a%te va%stele a&$lte #n: t#ne%ete+ ,at$%#tate s# #nvol$t#e


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Fa%a sa s"e'#1#'e n#ste l#,#te #n "%#v#nta an#lo%+ a$to%$l 'ons#&e%a 'a tineretea#n'e"e la / an# s# se 'a%a'te%#0ea0a "%#nt%-o ,a# ,a%e a%,on#0a%e+ stab#l#0a%e s#,at$%#0a%e+ "%#n a&*n'#%ea so'#al#0a%##+ s"e'#al#0a%ea "%o1es#onala+ ana?a%ea #nv#ata so'#ala Maturitatea ("e%#oa&a a&$lta) e 'ons#&e%ata 'a "e%#oa&a a $ne#,a6#,e %eal#0a%# ('ele ,a# #nalte "%o&$'t#v#tat#+ a%,on#0a%ea #nte%eselo%+

a"t#t$n#lo%+ &e"%#n&e%#lo%+ a ,o&al#tat#lo% #nte%%elat#onale+ a 'onst##nte#+ #n'l$s#v ase'$%#0a%## e,ot#onale+ s# a st%$'t$%## 'on'e"t#e# 1#loso1#'e &e v#ata) Involutia+ se 'a%a'te%#0ea0a "%#n &e'l#n 'o,"ensat+ #neal+ "%#n $0$%a &ato%ata#,bat%*n#%## U.Sc4!o+ este &e "a%e%e 'a "e%#oa&a a&$lta &$%ea0a #nt%e 24-54 an# s#a%e t%e# 1a0e:

-1a0a t#,"$%#e 24-34 an#-1a0a ,#?lo'#e 34-44 an#-1a0a a&$lta avansata 44-54 an#A$to%## a'esto% "e%#oa%# s$nt &e a'o%& 'a n$ se "ot "%e'#0a obl#ato%#$ an##

&e t%e'e%e &e la o "e%#oa&a la alta+ ,a# ales 'a se 'onstata o ++&e"lasa%e; a "e%#oa&elo% &ato%#ta a''ele%a%## &e0volta%## #n "lan b#olo#'Evol$t#a #nv#&$l$# este &ete%,#nata &e "%o'esele b#olo#'e+ &a% a'estea s$nt,o#'ate &e "%o'esele so'#ale

T4o8a %es"#ne o%#'e "e%#oa%e a '$%s$l$# v#et## $,ane+ &eoa%e'ea'esta este st%$'t$%at "e ++ a,"%entele t%a#%#lo% s$b#e't#ve;

In a'elas# sens L4r %e,a%'a:++ o%#'e "e%#oa%e 'a s# o%#'e "%e'#0a%e a&$%ate# $ne# "e%#oa&e este '%#t#'ab#la+ &a'a ne an, la 1a"t$l 'a v#ata n$ se "oate&es1as$%a n$,a# &$"a le# #nte%ne+ '# 'a ea t%eb$#e sa se a1#%,e #nt%-o 'ont#n$a

'on1%$nta%e '$ 'ont##le ,e$l$#;E6#sta / o"#n## "%#v#n& o,$l a&$lt:- In "%#,ele &e'en## ale se'ol$l$# se '%e&ea 'a &$"a "e%#oa&ele 'o"#la%#e# s#

a&oles'ente#+ &e0volta%ea #n'etea0a+ $%,ea0a o "e%#oa&a &e "lato$(v*%stele a&$lte)s# #n'e"e &e'l#n$l v#et## /- *%stele $,ane se #n'a%'a &e e6"e%#ente+ '$nost#nte s# 'o,"o%ta,ente

"%o1es#onale 'eea 'e #nsea,na o &e0volta%e 'ont#n$a #n an## a&$lt#Evol$t#a #nv#&$l$# este &ete%,#nata &e "%o'esele b#olo#'e+ &a% a'estea s$nt

,o#'ate &e "%o'esele so'#aleIn &e0volta%ea a&$lt$l$#+ T.o,ae este &e "a%e%e 'a t%eb$#e sa se t#na

sea,a &e $%,atoa%ele s#t$at## 1$n&a,entale: -s#t$at#a 'on'$%ente# "%o1es#onale s# e'ono,#'e8ne'es#tatea &e a se a1#%,a -s#t$at#a 1a,#l#e#

-#nte%#o%#0a%ea #,"e%1e't#$n## l$,## %eale -1%#'t#$nea '$ ,onoton#a "%o"%#e# v#et# 'ot#ene -#nte%#o%#0a%ea 'a%a'te%$l$# &e1#n#t#v al "%o"%#$l$# &est#n -'on1%$nta%ea '$ 'a%a'te%$l 1#n#t al e6#stente# #n l$,ea %eala O &e0volta%e #n 'ont#n$a%e a 'a"a'#tat#lo% este #ntot&ea$na "os#b#la la $n

a&$lt sanatos+ &a'a #,"%e?$%a%#le &e v#ata %e'la,a a't#v#tat#le 'o%es"$n0atoa%e lo%

De a'eeas# "a%e%e este s# Ha%@e (!5) 'a la v*%sta a&$lta e6#sta 'al#tat#&e "e%1o%,ante s# 'o,"o%ta,ente &e?a 'onsol#&ate+ &a% "e &e alta "a%te e6#sta$n ++'a," l#be%; "ent%$ &e0volta%ea $lte%#oa%a+ a 'a%$# ,a%#,e &e"#n&e &e 1a'to%#ob#e't#v# s# s$b#e't#v# s# &e %elat##le 'o%elate #nt%e a'est#a


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Ca s# %e"e%e "s#.oenet#'e ale &e0volta%## "s#.#'e U S'.#o"$ 1oloseste:-t#"$l 1$n&a,ental &e a't#v#tate 'a%e+ #n "e%#oa&a a&$lta+ se "oate

'ons#&e%a e6"ans#$nea '$,$lat#va #n 'a%a'te%#st#'#le ,$n'## "%o1es#onale s# #n#e%a%.#a "ost$%#lo% &e ,$n'a

-t#"$l &e %elat##+ 'e e6"%#,a st%$'t$%a evol$t#va a a&a"ta%## s# #nte%a%##

so'#ale8 'a%a'te%#st#'e s$nt %elat##le &e ,$n'a+ so'#ale s# &e 1a,#l#e ('ont%#b$t#a lo% #n a1e'ta%ea s# &e0a1e'ta%ea #&ent#tat## s# a s$b#&ent#tat#lo%)-'ont%a't##le ale't#'e ale %elat##lo% nt%e 'e%#ntele so'#o-'$lt$%ale

(e6te%ne) s# "os#b#l#tat#le &e a le sat#s1a'e s#+ "e &e alta "a%te+ 'e%#ntele s$b#e't#ve(&o%#nte+ #&eal$%#+ as"#%at##) ale a&$lt$l$# #n o"o0#t#e %elat#va '$ "os#b#l#tat#leso'#etat## &e a le sat#s1a'e In "%#v#nta 'ont%a't##lo%+ a'estea "ot '%ea a&eva%ate'%#0e 'e s$nt &e"as#te '$ ,a# ,$lt sa$ ,a# "$t#n s$''es la v*%sta a&$lta: '%#0a1e,#n#na s# ,as'$l#na &e #n'eta%e a 1$n't##lo% se6$ale (,eno"a$0a s# an&%o"a$0a)+'%#0e ,o%ale leate &e 'on1%$nta%ea '$ %eal#tatea (la 3 an#+ '%#0a &e b#lant+ #nt%e 'ea# v#sat s# 'e a# %eal#0at)+ '%#0e leate &e #es#%ea n "%o1es#e s# &e ,o#'a%#le &e

stat$t so'#al+ et'Cont%a't#a este t%a#ta &e o, 'a o "%eo'$"a%e+ nel#n#ste+ s$"a%a%e sa$

ne,$lt$,#%e Da'a ne,$lt$,#%ea este 1ata &e s#ne #ns$s#+ este o &ova&a a $ne#anal#0e '%#t#'e a 1a"telo% sa$ a 'al#tat#lo% "e%sonal#tat## sale+ 'eea 'e va &$'e la otennta &e a se s'.#,ba+ &e a se %ee&$'a Da%+ 'ont%a't#a #nte%na "oate 1# t%a#ta s#'a o 'ont%a't#e e6te%na+ 'a $n 'on1l#'t a #nv#&$l$# '$ ,e$l sa$+ '$ oa,en## na,b#anta sa+ 'a%e n$-l #ntele+ n$-l obse%va sa$ # se o"$n

Av*n& #n ve&e%e %e"e%ele &e ,a# s$s+ s$beta"ele a&$lte s$nt 'a%a'te%#0ate #n,o&$l $%,ato%:

) -#nt%e 24-34 an# se "oate 'ons#&e%a 'a se 'ons$,a v*%sta a&$lta &estab#l#tate+ #n 'a%e #,"lantat#a "%o1es#onala este #ntensa+ a't#v#tatea "e a'est "laneste '$,$lat#va+ a't#va s# '%eatoa%e A&eseo%# la a'easta v*%sta se ,a# "a%'$%e os'oala &e "e%1e't#ona%e+ &e %e'#'la%e+ o 1a'$ltate sa$ $n &o'to%at Stat$tele s#%ol$%#le so'#ale #n'e" sa 1#e ,a# #n'a%'ate &e %es"onsab#l#tat#+ a''es$l #n #e%a%.#a

"%o1es#onala este a't#v In v#ata &e 1a,#l#e+ 'o"### #n'e" sa 1%e'vente0e s'oala+ 'eea'e '%eea0a o '%este%e %elat#va a 'ont#n$t$l$# s$b#&ent#tat## &e "a%#nte s# o ,o#'a%e#n evol$t#a 1a,#l#e#

/)- #nt%e 34-44 an#+ "e%#oa&a a&$lta se 'a%a'te%#0ea0a "%#n t%e'e%ea "e "lan$%#&e ,a# ,a%e %es"onsab#l#tate "%o1es#onala s# so'#al-'$lt$%ala+ a'este &o$a

s$b#&ent#tat# &e0volt*n&$-se+ ,a# ales &a'a a$ 1ost "a%'$%se eta"e &e %e'#'la%eS$b#&ent#tatea &e sot se va ,#n$a $so% 'a s# a'eea &e "a%#nte+ &at 1##n& 1a"t$l 'a#n&e"en&enta 'o"##lo% ('a%e a$ '%es'$t) n$ ,a# ne'es#ta o atent#ona%e "e%,anenta#n a'est %ol Evol$t#a 1e,#n#na este %elat#v ,a# tens#onala s# #n'a%'ata &e #ns"o0#t##s# an6#etat# '$ s$bst%at b#olo#'-.o%,onal (,eno"a$0a)

2)- #nt%e 44-54 an#+ "e%#oa&a a&$lta "%el$n#ta+ se 'a%a'te%#0ea0a "%#nt%-ooa%e'a%e ,#n$a%e a 1o%telo% 1#0#'e+ o "e%#oa&a '%#t#'a ,a# ales "ent%$ 1e,e#D#,#n$a%ea 'elo% 3 1el$%# &e s$b#&ent#tat# ("%o1es#onala+ so'#ala+ ,a%#tala+

"a%entala) este %elat#v #neala8 1a,#l#a se a1la #n "l#n "%o'es &e &en$'lea%#0a%e+ a"o#

se ,#n$#a0a "*na la an$la%e s$b#&ent#tatea "%o1es#onala+ %a,*ne &o,#nantas$b#&ent#tatea ,a%#tala s# a'eea &e a't#v#tat# so'#al-'$lt$%ale Not#$nea &e a&$lt t%eb$#e e6a,#nata n t%e# "$n'te &e ve&e%e: 1#0#'+

"s#.olo#' s# so'#al


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II.*.1 !dultul din punct de vedere fiic

A&$lt$l no%,al este 'ons#&e%at+ #n ,o& ob#sn$#t $n o, ,at$% n toate "$n'tele &e ve&e%e+ &e a'eea+ &e ,$lte o%# '*n& se vo%beste &es"%e ,at$%#tate+ se

#ntelee o,$l a&$lt La ,at$%#tate+ se a?$ne "%#n maturiare+ 'a%e este $n "%o'es&e &e0volta%e s# #,"l#n#%e+ ven#t ns"%e #nte%#o% #ns"%e e6te%#o% Mat$%#0a%ea "%es$"$ne o se%#e &e t%ans1o%,a%# #n toate "a%t#le 'o,"onente ale o%an#s,$l$#:ne%vos+ ,$s'$la%+ osos+ en&o'%#n

All"o%t a"%e'#a0a ,at$%#tatea $ne# "e%soane &$"a sase '%#te%##: $n 1oa%te &e0voltat s#,t al #nv#&$al#tat##/ sa 1#e 'a"ab#la sa #nt%e s#n$%a #n %elat## 'o%ale '$ alt##8 at*t #n 'onta'te #nt#,e+

'at s# #n 'onta'te ne#nt#,e2 sa "ose&e o s#$%anta e,ot#onala ele,enta%a s# sa se a''e"te "e s#ne3 sa obse%ve+ sa *n&eas'a s# sa a't#one0e '$ ene%#e+ #n 'on'o%&anta '$ %eal#tatea

e6te%#oa%a4 sa 1#e 'a"ab#la &e a$toob#e't#v#tate+ &e #nt$#%ea $,o%$l$#5 sa t%a#as'a "ot%#v#t $ne# 1#lo0o1## &e v#ata $n#1#'atoa%e

O%an#s,$l $,an a&$lt+ a?$ns la &e"l#na ,at$%#tate #n'e"e sa t%ea'a "%#n$nele s'.#,ba%#+ &a% 'a%e se "et%e' #n ,o& t%e"tat:

-tes$t$%#le 'el$le# &ev#n ,a# $s'ate+ ele n$ ,a# '%es' at*t &e %a"#&+ #a% %e1a'e%ea a'esto%a se "%o&$'e ,a# lent8'el$lele o%an#s,$l$# &ev#n #nt%-$n an$,#t%a& ,a# "$t#n elast#'e8

-%#t,$l ,etabol#s,$l$# ba0al este ,a# %e&$s8

-se ,an#1esta o oa%e'a%e %e&$'e%e a 1o%te# 1#0#'e+ o &es'%este%e a v#te0e#+#ntens#tat## s# %e0#stente# %ea't##lo% ne$%o,$s'$la%e8 1o%ta b#'e"s#lo% s'a&e-ve&e%ea s# a$0$l &ev#n ,a# slabe8-'a"a'#tatea #n#,## &e a s"o%# %#t,$l s# 1o%ta "$lsat##lo% #n t#,"$l ,$n'## 1#0#'e

#ntense+ este ,#n$ata-%an#le a$ nevo#e &e t#," ,a# ,$lt "ent%$ a se v#n&e'a-se 'onstata o s'a&e%e a elast#'#tat## s# o 'al'#1#e%e a a%te%elo% -oasele &ev#n ,a# 1%a#le s# ,a# "$t#n elast#'e s# &e a'eea s$nt ,a# e6"$se la

1%a't$%# Re0$,*n& 'ele &e ,a# s$s+ se "a%e 'a %e0e%vele &e 1o%te s$nt ,a# %e&$se+ #a%

tole%eanta 1ata &e 'al&$%a+ 1%#+ e6'ese al#,enta%e+ &es.#&%ata%e s# "#e%&e%e &esa%$%#+ este ,a# ,#'a

Fe,e#le la a'easta v*%sta a$ o at#t$ne &e ant#'#"a%e -aste"ta%e leata &e'l#,ate%#$, sa$ "e%#oa&a &e '%#0a a 1e,e##

P%#n 'l#,ate%#$, se #ntelee #n'eta%ea 1#0#olo#'a a a't#v#tat## lan&elo% se6$ale+ #n'eta%e 'a%e a%e lo' #nt%-$n 'onte6t &e #nvol$t#e ene%ala a o%an#s,$l$#Se #nstalea0a #n ?$%$l v*%ste# &e 34 an# s# este ,a%'at &e o"%#%ea totala s# &e1#n#t#vaa '#'l$l$# ,enst%$alC$"%#n&e t%e# 1a0e:- faa incipienta, 'o%es"$n0atoa%e #n'e"e%## "%o'es$l$# &e

1#b%o0a%e a ova%elo% P%#n "%e0enta 1ol#'$l#lo% '.#st#'#+ se a?$ne la o '%este%e ase'%et#e# 1ol#'$l#n#'e+ #n &et%#,ent$l 'ele# "%oeste%on#'e+ 'eea 'e at%ae &$"a s#neo se%#e &e t$lb$%a%#: &e%ela%ea '#'l$%#lo%+ .#"e% sa$ ol#o,eno%ee '.#a% ,et%o%a##+


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,o#'a%# ne$%o-veetat#ve '$, s$nt ve%t#?$l+ 'e1aleea+ "al"#tat##le+ ta.#'a%a+tens#$ne ,a,a%a - faa de instalare sau de climaterium nestabiliat+ "%o'es$l &e1#b%o0a%e a ova%elo% este te%,#nat s# '#'l$%#le s$nt #nt%e%$"te E6#sta #nsa o st#,$la%e.#"o1#0a%a '%es'$ta (.o%,on# ona&ot%o"#)+ "%#n s'a&e%ea se'%et#e# ova%#ene s#

s"a%#t#a %ol$l$# 1%enato% al a'este#a as$"%a .#"o1#0e# A'easta &ete%,#na oe6ae%a%e a 1eno,enelo% ne$%o-veetat#ve+ a"a%#t#a val$%#lo% &e 'al&$%a+ ve%t#?+t%e,$%at$%#+ t%ans"#%at##+ "al"#tat##8 &$"a '*tva t#," (l$n#+ an#) a'este 1eno,ene1#0#'e s"a% - faa tardiva sau de climaterium stabiliat : "e "lan .o%,onal+e'.#l#b%$l #nt%e ova%e s# .#"o1#0a se %estab#leste+ 1eno,enele veetat#ve s"a%+ #a% 1e,e#a #s# aseste $n no$ e'.#l#b%$ "s#.o-so,at#'Le.% a #nt%e"%#ns 'e%'eta%# #n a'est sens s# a stab#l#t 'a ant#'#"a%#le s$nt #n ene%alneat#ve+ este o 'on1%$nta%e b%$s'a '$ #'$ltat# neaste"tate s# e6#sta o s'%e"anta#nt%e at#t$nea &e ant#'#"a%e s# "%o"%#a e6"e%#enta &e v#ata

C%#0a b#olo#'a a ba%bat$l$# se n$,este ++'l#,ate%#$, v#%#le; sa$ an&%o"a$0a+se #nstalea0a "%o%es#v s# ,a# "$t#n 0o,otos+ &e ob#'e# la o v*%sta ,a# #na#ntata(54 an#) E6#sta o"#n## &$"a 'a%e+ a't#v#tatea lan&elo% se6$ale n$ #n'etea0a la

ba%bat# "*na la a&*n'# bat%*neteMat$%#tatea b#olo#'a a%e o #,"o%tanta esent#ala &eoa%e'e este ba0a as"e't$l$#

"s#.olo#' s# so'#alIn ene%al+ "ent%$ 'a"a'#tatea 1#0#'a a o,$l$# 3 1a'to%# s$nt #,"o%tant#:

'onst#t$t#a 'o%"o%ala+ al#,entat#a %at#onala+ e6e%'#t#$l a&e'vat 'e%#ntelo% s# %e'%eat#ane'esa%a ,ent#ne%## 'a"a'#tat## &e ,$n'a

Pe ba0a %eleva%#lo% e,"#%#'e s-a a?$ns la 'onstata%ea "ot%#v#t 'a%e#a v*%sta b#olo#'an$ 'o%es"$n&e #n #nt%e#,e v*%ste# 'alen&a%#st#'e Modificari ale vaului

alte% R M#les a stab#l#t 'a 1$n't#a v#0$ala este $n etalon al v*%ste#1#0#olo#'e+ #a% alt# 'e%'etato%# a$ 'ons#&e%at a'$#tatea v#0$ala &%e"t #n'e &e ba0a

"%#v#to% la #,bat%*n#%ea o%an#s,$l$#De0volta%ea 1$n't#e# v#0$ale este 1oa%te %a"#&a #n "%#,a 'o"#la%#e8 a"o#

,an#1esta o '%este%e lenta+ &a% 'ont#n$a+ #nt%e va%sta &e 2- an# Este $%,ata &e$n &e'l#n t%e"tat "*na la v*%sta &e 3 an#+ &$"a 'a%e $%,ea0a $n &e'l#n %a"#& "*nala v*%sta &e 44 an#+ a'est &e'l#n 'ont#n$*n&+ &a% #nt%-$n %#t, s'a0$t s# &$"a a'easta

v*%staA'est &e'l#n al 1$n't#e# este ene%al s# se ,an#1esta "%#n:- '%este%ea &ens#tat## tes$t$l$# o'$la%+ "#e%&e%# &e a"a+ a'$,$la%# &e ,ate%##

#ne%te #n tes$t$l o'$la%+ 'a s# "#e%&e%# &e %as#,# s# &e elast#'#tate-'$ #na#nta%ea #n v*%sta+ "$"#lele &ev#n ,a# ,#'# s# %ea't#onea0a slab+ 'o%neea

t#n&e sa-s# "#a%&a st%al$'#%ea s# t%ans"a%enta+ "leoa"ele &ev#n ,a# $s'ate s# ,a# "$t#n elast#'e Modificari ale auului

C$ e6'e"t#a va0$l$#+ #n n#'# $n alt &o,en#$ n$ s$%v#n ,o#'a%# ,a# ,a%# #n

e%#te ,o,ente ale v#et##+ 'a #n a'$#tatea a$t#vaLa ,a?o%#tatea oa,en#lo%+ a'$#tatea ,a6#,a "a%e sa 1#e at#nsa #na#nteava%ste# &e 4 an#+ 'a a"o# sa se ,an#1este $n &e'l#n t%e"tat+ &a% 'onse'vent+a"%o6#,at#v "ana la 54 an# N$ n$,a# 'a se "#e%&e n a'$#tatea a$t#va+ &a% s-a


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'onstatat 'a o,$l este ,a# lent #n "e%'e"e%e+ a'a #n &es'#1%a%ea se,n#1#'at#e#s$net$l$# s# #n a't#$nea &e %as"$ns

D$"a / an#+ 'el$lele ne%voase ale $%e'.## "a% sa se at%o1#e0e #n ,o& t%e"tats# se ,an#1esta o %e&$'e%e t%e"tata a a'$#tat## "ent%$ toate ton$%#le+ #n s"e'#al "ent%$ton$%#le #nalteS-a &e,onst%at 'a 1e,e#le "#e%& a'$#tatea la ton$%#le '$ 1%e'venta

,a# 'obo%*ta+ #a% ba%bat## "#e%& a'$#tatea la ton$%#le '$ 1%e'venta ,a# #naltaCa o'onse'#nta #nte%esanta+ se "a%e 'a 1e,e#le "ot 'o,$n#'a ,a# $so% '$ 1e,e#le s# ba%bat## '$ ba%bat##

%apacitatea de reactie psihomotorie la varsta adultuluiRa"#tatea &e ,#s'a%e s# &e %ea't#e '$l,#nea0a #n ?$%$l va%ste# &e / an#+ se

,ent#ne a"o# la a'elas# n#vel 'a, "#na la 4 an# &$"a 'a%e $%,ea0a $n &e'l#n %a"#&L$'%$%# ase,anatoa%e se #nt*,"la s# '$ 'elelalte "e%1o%,ante ,ot%#'e ,a#

'o,"le6e &a% n$ se "oate stab#l# o 'a"a'#tate &e "e%1o%,anta &e"en&enta &e "e%#oa&a v#et## &ete%,#nata e6'l$s#v b#olo#' C$ v*%sta '%este %a&$l &e "%e'#0#e s#&e atent#e

7a$e% at%ae atent#a as$"%a 1a"t$l$# 'a oa,en## ,a# #n v*%sta a$ nevo#e &e,a# ,$lt t#," &e'at t#ne%##+ n$ "ent%$ %ea't#a "s#.o,oto%#e #nsas#+ '# "ent%$$%,atoa%ea l$a%e &e at#t$ne la $n no$ #,"$ls La #nvata%ea "s#.o,oto%#e ses'.#,ba %a"#tatea ,#s'a%## &$"a 2 an#+ "%e'#0#a &$"a 3 an#+ #a% a,bele &$"ava%sta &e 4 an#

unctii ale organelor si unele boli la varsta adultuluiPet.(!55) 1a'e $%,atoa%ele %e1le't##: 'a"a'#tatea 1$n't#onala a o%anelo%

$,ane+ a ,$s'.#lo% et'+ #n'e"#n& '$ va%sta &e 2 an#+ 'e&ea0a #n ,o& 'onstant+#nt%-$n an$,#t %a&+ "e eta"e e%#te+ &e la 'a0 la 'a0 Pe%#oa&a 'ea ,a# b$na &e

%eal#0a%e a "e%1o%,antelo% se a1la #nt%e / s# /! an# Da'a #n a'easta "e%#oa&a 1o%ta,$s'$la%a a% 1# &e + la -! an# a% 1# &e !/+ #a% 3-3! &e !+4+ 'a la 5-5! an# sa 1#e &e 5=+=

D#n 'e%'eta%#le st##nt#1#'e a %e0$ltat+ 'a ,$n'a a%e o 1$n't#e &e "%el$n#%e av#et##: o sol#'#ta%e #nalta a #n#,## 'a%e #,bat%*neste este &a$natoa%e+ ,"ot%#va+ o#n'o%&a%e a '%e#e%$l$# se &ove&este 1olos#toa%e Se a'o%&a tot ,a# ,$lta

"%obab#l#tate teo%#e# "ot%#v#t 'a%e#a &e%ela%#le 1$n't#onale s# s'.#,ba%#le &est%$'t$%a #n o%ane 'a: #n#,a+ %#n#'.##+ 1#'at$l s# vasele san$#ne+ s$nt &ato%ate#n'o%&a%#lo% 'ont#n$e (e1e'telo% st%ess) Ha%,sen este &e "a%e%e 'a s'a&e%ea'a"a'#tat## "$% 1#0#'e este 'o,"ensata &e 'a"a'#tatea "s#.#'a+ a'est l$'%$ 1##n&

valab#l at*t "ent%$ 'e# 'a%e l$'%ea0a 1#0#' 'at s# #ntele't$alP*na la /4 an# s$nt ,a# 1%e'vente bol#le &e s'$%ta &$%ata8 'ele '$ o &$%ata ,a#

,a%e s$nt &oa% #n "%o'ent &e 4 + "%o'ent 'e a?$ne la /-2 #n ?$%$l v*%ste# &e44 an#

Mlle%-Hee,ann ev#&ent#a0a "e ba0a $n$# ,ate%#al 'l#n#' &eoseb#t &e boat 'a sol#'#ta%ea "%o1es#onala a a&$lt#lo% a% 1# ,a# s$"o%tab#la+ s# 'a"a'#atea &e "e%1o%,anta ,a# b$na ++&a'a 'ons$,$l "%ea ,a%e &e n#'ot#na+ al'ool+ 'o1e#na+ #n'ont#n$a alte%na%e '$ so,n#1e%ele s# $t#l#0a%ea #n'o,"leta a ,#?loa'elo% &e %e1a'e%e-%e'%eat#e s$b as"e't$l #,nast#'## s# s"o%t$l$# sa$ s$b as"e'te ase,anatoa%e+ n-a%

1a'e sa '%eas'a '%on#' s$"%a*n'a%'a%ea 'o%te6$l$# Probleme ale devoltarii sistemului nervosS-a 'onstatat 'a #n "e%#oa&a 'ele# ,a# %a"#&e '%este%#+ a$ lo' n '*n& #n '*n&

s#,"to,e &e %e%es#e8 &e e6 '.#a% #n t#,"$l &e0volta%## e,b%#ona%e se "%o&$' "e


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l*na '%este%# e6t%ao%na%e ale SNC s# &eene%a%# ale $no% 0one 'el$la%e na'esta Este vo%ba &e &eene%a%# #%eve%s#b#le 'a%e 1a' 'a a'este 'el$le sa 1#e #na"te&e v%eo 1$n't#$ne

Se #nt*,"la #nsa s# 1eno,en$l #nve%s+ a'a la v*%sta &e = an#+ at$n'# '*n&se astea"ta 1eno,ene &e &eene%a%e+ se 'onstata o '%este%e s# o e%ent#e%e 1#na #n

s#ste,$l ne%vos a$tono, SN se &ove&este $#,#to% &e %e0#stent la "%o'esele#nvol$t#ve ene%ale S"e'#al#st## s"$n 'a "%obab#l e6#sta s# $n "%o'es evol$t#v #n&o,en#$l '%e#e%$l$# ,ean+ #n s"e'#al '$ "%#v#%e la 1$n't##le .#"otala,$s$l$#:te%,o%ela%ea+ $%e0a+ a"o%t$l &e l#'.#&e s# al#,ente+ 1$n't##le se6$ale+ so,n$l s#an$,#te sta%# e,ot#onale

La v*%stele 1oa%te #na#ntate+ 'o%te6$l+ "$ntea s# '%e#e%$l ,#'+ s$1e%a 'ea ,a#,a%e "#e%&e%e &e ,asa+ 1ata &e vol$,$l total al 'el$lelo% ne%voase

E#tne% (!55) %eleva 'a+ sol#'#ta%ea o"t#,ala a SN+ 'a s# 'ea a ,$s'.#lo%+&$'e ++la o ,an#1esta%e "s#.#'a ,a# v#$%oasa; O%an#s,$l a% "$tea 1# sol#'#tat

"s#.o1#0#' la $n %e#st%$ la%+ 1a%a sa se "%o&$'a o #,bat%*n#%e t#,"$%#e sa$ o

#,bolnav#%eC%ee%$l $,an se &e0volta &e-a l$n$l #nt%e## v#et#8 el n$ se at%o1#a0aDa%+

&a'a n$ este 1olos#t+ se "a%e 'a s$nt a1e'tate neat#v at*t leat$%#le ne$%onale+ '*t s#1$n't#ona%ea 'el$lelo% 'e%eb%ale #nv#&$ale Sen#l#tatea "oate 1# 'a$0ata #n 4 n'a0$%# &e absenta e1o%t$l$# #ntele't$al C$ 'ont#a sa n$ e6#ste o le0#$ne ates$t$l$#+ a'est &e'l#n "oate 1# #nt%e%$"t "%#nt%-o ,o#'a%e a ,ot#vat#e#+ "%o'es$lneat#v "$t*n& 1# s$"%#,at

"istemul endocrinC%este%ea s# &e0volta%ea o%an#s,$l$#+ "%e'$, s# a&a"ta%ea s# 'o%ela%ea

"e%,anenta a a't#v#tat## e%#telo% a"a%ate s# s#ste,e 1ata &e 'ont##le #n "e%,anenta s'.#,ba%e ale ,e$l$# #nte%n s# e6te%n+ s$nt %elate &e SN s# &es#ste,$l en&o'%#n

Glan&ele en&o'%#ne s#ntet#0ea0a s# el#be%ea0a %e't #n '#%'$lat#a san$#nas$bstante '.#,#'e n$,#te hormoniA'estea s$nt "%o&$se b#olo#'e '$ a't#$nee6t%e, &e "$te%n#'a+ #n &o0e e6t%e, &e ,#'#

Glan&ele en&o'%#ne t%at#onale s$nt: -.#"o1#0a s# e"#1#0a (lan&e en&o'%an#ene) -t#%o#&a s# "at%$ "a%at#%o#&e (s#t$ate la *t) -s$"%a%enalele ('o%t#'os$"%a%enala s# ,e&$los$"%a%enala)+ (s#t$ate &eas$"%a

%#n#'.#$l$#)-ova%$l (la 1e,e#) s# test#'$l$l (la ba%bat#)+ 'a lan&e se6$ale

-"an'%eas$l -t%an0#to%+ 1$n't#onea0a la %av#&e+ placenta+ #a% la 'o"#l timusul + '$%ol esent#al #n &e0volta%ea s#ste,$l$# &e "%ote't#e #,$nolo#'a a o%an#s,$l$#

In a1a%a &e a'este lan&e '$ 1$n't#e en&o'%#na "%e&o,#nanta+ e6#stan$,e%oase o%ane ale 'a%o% 'el$le "ot "%o&$'e s# .o%,on#: e6 ficatul "%o&$'e

somatomedine 'a%e as#$%a '%este%ea8 tractul gastro-intestinal "%o&$'e .o%,on#ast%o-#ntest#nal# '$ %ol #n est#e8 creerul a%e ne$%on# 'a%e "%o&$' .o%,on#

n$,#t# neurohormoni 'a%e as#$%a 'ont%ol$l %e't al s#ste,$l$# en&o'%#n &e 'at%eSN (catecolaminele si vasopresina. D#nt%e lan&ele a,#nt#te ,a# s$s '*teva a$ o #n1l$enta 'ons#&e%ab#la as$"%a

v#et## "s#.#'e:


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t!ro!da - "%#n hipersecretie+ 'a$0ea0a ne%vo0#tate+ t%e,$%at$%#+ #a% "%#n hiposecretie &$'e la a"t#e s# '.#a% '%et#n#s, ('a #n 'a0$l a"a%#t#e# $se#en&e,#'e+ &ato%ata l#"se# #o&$l$#) / -+rarna**#medulosuprarenala "%o&$'e a&%enal#na+ 'a%e a''ele%ea0a

bata#le #n#,##+ #ntens#1#'a %es"#%at#a s# ,etabol#s,$l #n ene%al8 &$'e la a"a%#t#a $ne#

vaso'onst%#'t## "e%#1e%#'e s# o vasolatat#e 'o%ona%#ana8 este "%e0enta #n 'a0$l $ne#e,ot## "$te%n#'e+ "%eat#n& o%an#s,$l "ent%$ e1o%t + "ent%$ l$"ta%orticosuprarenala se'%eta $n .o%,on #,"o%tant "ent%$ s"o%#%ea %es$%selo% ene%et#'e ale o%an#s,$l$#8 &e1#'#t$l a'est$#a '%eea0a o sta%e &e oboseala+e"$#0a%e+ asten#e8 toto&ata+ el #n1l$entea0a s# 'o,"o%ta,ent$l se6$al 2 2*and* ndocr!n -1a* a$ $n %ol #nse,nat #n a"a%#t#a'a%a'te%#

Lucrare licenta psihologie

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