Templul Lui Amon Din Karnak

7/25/2019 Templul Lui Amon Din Karnak

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Templul lui Amon din Karnak

Templele din karnak sunt cele mai vaste temple din lume. Complexul conine mai multe temple:

Marele templu al lui Amon-Ra, Templul lui Khonso, Templul lui Ptah, Templul pt, Templul lui

Montho !i Templul "eiei #siris. Toate aceste temple erau $npre%muite de un "id de &' m $n(lime

construit din c(r(mi"i de lut.

)umele de Karnak provine din lim*a ara*( !i $nseamn( sat +orti+icat.

Templul lui Amon a +ost cunoscut su* denumirea de pt-t care s-ar traduce locul ales/, $n

timpul Re0atului Mi%lociu1 de asemenea a mai +ost numit Pr-mn care $nseamn( casa lui Amon/.

2ut the 0od/s house as much more than a mere dellin01 it alsoincluded anestate 3 *oth around the temple and in other parts o+ the countr4 3 that suppliedit ith resources. 5hile much o+ the land around the Karnak temples has not

4et *een excavated, storehouses, aviaries, production centers +or +ood and drink,

animal slau0hter areas, and homes +or priests have *een uncovered, shoin0that the temples mana0ed a s4stem o+ production and consumption+or its on0oods and services. 6ocuments +rom a variet4 o+ periods sho that the Amun

temple as also involved in a lar0er, re0ional netork o+ landonership andtaxation that *rou0ht in a su*stantial amount o+ ealth to thetemple.2ut the 0od/s house as much more than a mere dellin01 it alsoincluded anestate 3 *oth around the temple and in other parts o+ the countr4 3 that supplied

it ith resources. 5hile much o+ the land around the Karnak temples has not4et *een excavated, storehouses, aviaries, production centers +or +ood and drink,animal slau0hter areas, and homes +or priests have *een uncovered, shoin0

that the temples mana0ed a s4stem o+ production and consumption+or its on0oods and services. 6ocuments +rom a variet4 o+ periods sho that the Amuntemple as also involved in a lar0er, re0ional netork o+ landonership and

taxation that *rou0ht in a su*stantial amount o+ ealth to thetemple.

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The +irst p4lon stands at the +ar est o+ the Karnak precinct and is the main entrance to the

temple toda4. The p4lon as never completed and the remains o+ mud *rick ramps used to *uild

the p4lon can still *e seen inside the court toda4.

Measurements: The *ase +or each toer is 78.9m deep and 77m ide. The north toer rises &

course, a*out &7.;'m, and the south toer rises 89 courses or 7.


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hoshen? @ is &;.9m hi0h and ;.8 ide. A second, smaller doora4 >not shon on the model@

as inserted into the 0atea4 attainin0 a hei0ht o+ onl4 7'.=9m.

Phase: Nectanebo I

)ectane*o *uilt P4lon , in concert ith a ne hu0e enclosure all surroundin0 the Amuntemple precinct, to serve as a ne monumental entrance to the temple. t continues to serve as

the entrance to the temple toda4.

The p4lon as pro*a*l4 constructed to replace the estern all and 0atea4 o+ the court o+

hoshen? , hich +unctioned as the estern entrance to the temple in the Third ntermediate

Period.

)ectane*os am*itious pro%ect as never completed. The construction o+ this p4lon and its hu0e

enclosure all ma4 have *een undertaken to protect the temple +rom +orei0n invaders.

Construction materials: sandstone

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The second p4lon stands east o+ the later hoshen? court and acts as the estern all o+ the laterh4post4le hall. The second p4lon is decorated ith scenes o+ the kin0 in the compan4 o+ the0ods. A lar0e 0atea4 +ronts the p4lon on its est +ace. This ould have served as the main 0ateto the temple until the construction o+ a ne court and estern 0ate *4 hoshen? .

Measurements: The p4lons ori0inal hei0ht is unknon. The *ases o+ the toers ere o+ 8


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The third p4lon no +orms the east all o+ the Ereat 4post4le all. t is located *eteen the

second and +ourth p4lons alon0 the temples eastFest processional axis. t also marks the

intersection o+ this axis ith the northFsouth processional path.

The inscri*ed decoration 0lori+ies the %u*ilee >he*-sed@ +estival o+ Amenhotep and presents

the kin0 and the 0od/s sacred *ark on a +estival %ourne4 to Guxor temple. #ri0inall4, some scenes

depicted the kin0/s son accompan4in0 his +ather, *ut these depictions o+ a 4oun0 Amenhotep

DFAkhenaten ere later de+aced.

Measurements: P4lon measures &=m tall.

Phase: Amenhotep III

Amenhotep cleared aa4 the H+estival courtH o+ Thutmose and the numerous pillars, *ark

shrines and other monuments decoratin0 this space to construct his ne p4lon.

These +eatures ere dismantled and used in the +oundation and +ill o+ P4lon , here the4 ere

+ound >o+ten in ?uite 0ood condition@ in modern times. The construction o+ this ne p4lon

shi+ted the main temple entrance eastard, remarka*le as the temple until this time had 0raduall4

moved +urther and +urther est as the pharaohs continued to expand outard. The motivation +or

this chan0e in polic4 is unknon.


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The +ourth p4lon +ormed the est side o+ the 5ad%et all and the east side o+ the H+estival courtH

o+ Thutmose . The enclosure all connected to this p4lon encircled the earl4 7=th 64nast4

temple o+ the time. A limestone casin0 covered the p4lons interior sandstone core.

Measurements: The p4lon stood &.9'm tall ith a total idth o+


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9

Introduction

Gocated on the main, eastFest temple axis, P4lon 9 +ormed the east all o+ the 5ad%et hall. The

p4lon led to a lar0e, open court ith a columned portico. The p4lon as connected on its north

and south extension alls to the temples ne enclosure all. A limestone casin0 covered the

p4lons interior sandstone core on the upper sections o+ the p4lon, replaced at the *ase ith a

casin0 o+ red 0ranite.

Measurements: The *ase o+ the p4lon measured approximatel4


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o*elisks in the 5ad%et hall, created a narro corridor +rom the H+estival courtI to the temples

sanctuar4.

The *lack 0ranite doora4 to the southern portico as removed +rom the est all o+ the Hred

chapelH o+ atshepsut. 5hen the chapel as disassem*led *4 Thutmose , he reused the to

main doora4s in his renovations o+ the central part o+ the temple. The other as placed inside

the Hpalace o+ MaatH at the entrance to the northern suite o+ rooms.


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The seventh p4lon *e0an the Amun-Ra temples southern processional route. t as located %ust

north o+ the ei0hth p4lon o+ atshepsut. To colossal statues o+ Thutmose +lanked the p4lons

doora4 on the south side.

To rose 0ranite o*elisks stood %ust south o+ the statues. ee e*pa0e +or Obelisks of Pylon 7+or more in+ormation on these monuments.

Measurements: The p4lon reached a hei0ht o+ &


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atshepsuts ei0hth p4lon as the +irst o+ the still remainin0 p4lons added to the temples

southern processional route. t ma4 have replaced a mud *rick p4lon that once stood on the same

spot. 5hile it served as the southern entrance, statues o+ Thutmose , Amenhotep ith

Ahmose-)e+ertari, and Amenhotep ere erected alon0 its southern +ace.

The ori0inal decoration o+ the ?ueen is no mostl4 lost, as it as su*%ect to a series o+ later

recarvin0s *4 Thutmose , Amenhotep , Tutankhamen, and et4 .

The south +ace no shos Amenhotep smitin0 J04pts enemies, hile the north +ace depicts

the kin0 interactin0 ith the 0ods and a procession o+ the sacred *ark >possi*l4 durin0 the #pet

estival@.


B

P4lon nine as located on the southern processional route, *eteen P4lons ei0ht and ten.

Measurements: The p4lon extended


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Amenhotep *e0an construction on the tenth p4lon, *ut onl4 the loest courses ere

completed *e+ore his death.


Ramses II a terminat constructia, modicand decoratii!e pentru a"! s!a#i pe e!$ Aacoperit %&iptu! cu monumente care 'i &!oric( nume!e$ Puterea !ui Ramses II s"a

'ntins 'n sud pan( !a de)ertu! nubian, unde a construit * temp!e, ce! maiimpresionant ind ce! de !a Abu"+imbe!$ Perete!e de stanca a ost transormat 'n 4statui enorme a!e araonu!ui, de 21 m 'na!-ime$

A ost construit 'n de)ertu! 'ndep(rtat datorit( ca!it(-ii remarcabi!e a pietri, !oca-iei'n apropierea Ni!u!ui )i a aptu!ui c( oricine #enea din sud era uimit pe !oc dem(re-ia%&iptu!ui$ Nubia era important( prin minerit )i datorit( ne&ustori!or din +ud$

.eparte de Teba,re&iunea nu era supus( de puternicii preo-i de !a /arna0$ AiciRamses putea acorda mai pu-in( aten-ie ei!or, concentrandu"se mai mu!t asuprapropriei sa!e ima&ini, (r( s( 'nca!ce teritoriu! dominat de eu! Amon$ Pere-ii suntdecora-i cu i!ustr(ri a!e #ictorii!or )i rea!i(ri!or sa!e$

n sanctuaru! centra!, Ramses este 'n(-i)at a!(turi de ei, 'n mi!oc, !an&( Amon"Ra$Atunci cand !umina soare!ui p(trunde 'n aceast( parte a temp!u!ui, !uminea( &uraaraonu!ui )i a ce!or!a!-i ei, eceptandu"! pe Ptah, eu! 'ntunericu!ui$ A!iniereastatui!or sacre 'n unc-ie de rae!e soare!ui era des 'nta!nit( 'n antichitate, dar acesttemp!u dier( prin aptu! c( statuia !ui Ptah a ost poi-ionat( 'n a)a e! 'ncat sa nue !uminata niciodat($

n anii 6, cand a ost construit barau! de !a Assuan, temp!u! a riscat s( e inundatde ape!e 'n cre)terea!e !acu!ui Nasser$ 51 de -(ri au contribuit prin 7N%+89 pentru asa!#a monumentu!$ Perete!e de stanca si temp!u! au ost taiate atent 'n buc(-i de 3t$

It is certain, based upon the etensi#e art or0 throu&hout the interior o the ;reatTemp!e, that the structures ere created, at !east in part, to ce!ebrate Ramessesatt!eo /adeshin 12*4 >8%$

The ;reat Temp!e stands ?@ eet 3 metresB hi&h and 115 eet 35 metresB !on&

ith our seated co!ossi Can0in& the entrance, to to each side, depictin& RamessesII on his throneD each one 65 eet 2 metresB ta!!$ >eneath these &iant &ures aresma!!er statues sti!! !ar&er than !ie"siedB depictin& Ramesses< conEuered enemies,the Nubians, Fib=ans, and Hittites$ Gurther statues represent his ami!= membersand #arious protectin& &ods and s=mbo!s o poer$ Passin& beteen the co!ossi,throu&h the centra! entrance, the interior o the temp!e is decorated ithen&ra#in&s shoin& Ramesses and Neertari pa=in& homa&e to the &ods$ Ramesses

Templul Lui Amon Din Karnak

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