STRATEGII ÎN DIAGNOSTICUL SI MONITORIZAREA TERAPEUTICA A ...
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1
UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINA SI FARMACIE
ldquoIULIU HATIEGANUrdquo CLUJ NAPOCA
STRATEGII IcircN DIAGNOSTICUL SI
MONITORIZAREA TERAPEUTICA A CHISTULUI
HIDATIC
TEZA DE DOCTORAT
REZUMAT
Petrică Teofil Ciobanca
Conducător de doctorat
2
CUPRINS
LISTA DE PUBLICATII 2 INTRODUCERE 7
PARTEA I STADIUL ACTUAL AL CUNOAȘTERII 10 Capitolul 1 GENUL ECHINOCOCCUS 11
11 Istoric 11 12 Taxonomie şi clasificare 12
13 Morfologie 12 14 Diferenţe morfologice şi genetice icircntre specii 15 15 Epidemiologie 17 16 Ciclul biologic 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21
17 Contaminarea umană 22
CAPITOLUL 2 CHISTUL HIDATIC 23 21 Patogenia chistului hidatic 23 22 Evoluţia chistului hidatic 23 23 Manifestări clinice ale hidatidozei umane 24
24 Diagnosticul bolii hidatice 27 241 Diagnosticul clinic 28
242 Diagnosticul imagistic 28 243 Diagnostic parazitologic 31 244 Diagnosticul imunologic 32
245 Diagnosticul diferenţial al chistului hidatic 34 25 Tratamentul chistului hidatic 35
26 Profilaxia chistului hidatic 38
PARTEA II CERCETARI PERSONALE 40
STUDIUL 1 Aplicabilitatea metodelor serologice icircn diagnosticul terapia şi profilaxia bolii hidatice
umane 41
11 Introducere 41 12 Scopul şi obiectivele studiului 41 13 Material şi metodă42
131 Material 42 132 Metoda 43
14 Rezultate 47 141 Depistarea persoanelor seropozitive investigate prin teste imunoenzimatice ELISA IgG
antiechinococcus icircn judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj 47 142 Frecvenţa icircn funcţie de mediul de provenienţă a persoanelor seropozitive icircn judeţele Cluj
şi Sălaj 48 143 Frecvenţa persoanelor seropozitive icircn judeţul Cluj şi Sălaj icircn funcţie de sex 50
144 Aspecte epidemiologice privind persoanele seropozitive icircn județul Cluj (incidenţă
mediul de provenienţă şi repartizarea pe sexe) 51 145 Frecvenţa persoanelor seropozitive icircn funcţie de sex icircn judeţul Cluj 52 146 Aspecte epidemiologice privind persoanele seropozitive icircn judeţul Sălaj
(incidenţă mediul de provenienţă şi repartizarea pe sexe) 53 147 Frecvenţa persoanelor seropozitive icircn funcţie de sex icircn judeţul Salaj 54
3
15 Confirmarea rezultatelor obţinute la testările serologice prin metode imagistice utilizate icircn
diagnosticul echinococozei chistice umane 55
151 Rezultatele examenului imagistic (ecografic RX toracic CT) 56 16 DISCUŢII 58
17 DESCRIERE CAZURI 61 CONCLUZII 68 STUDIUL II Evaluarea şi optimizarea metodelor de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică 69
21 Introducere 69 22 Scopul şi obiectivele studiului 69
23 Material şi metodă70 231 Material 70 232 Metode paraclinice şi clinice utilizate 71 233 Metode statistice de analiză a datelor 77
24 Rezultate 80
241 Rezultate epidemiologice (luand ca şi criteriu sexul mediul de provenienţă varsta) 80
242 Rezultate clinice si paraclinice privind diagnosticul bolii hidatice 83
2421 Valoarea examenului clinic icircn diagnosticul chistului hidatic 83
2422Confirmarea chirurgicală a diagnosticului prezumtiv de chist hidatic 85 2423 Evaluarea analizelor de laborator uzuale (hemoleucograma analize biochimice)
folosite pentru depistarea chistului hidatic 86
2424 Metode imagistice folosite pentru identificarea chistului hidatic 89 2425 Rezultatele obţinute prin metode imunoserologice97
243 Rezultate comparative 106 25 DISCUŢII 122 26 DESCRIERE CAZURI 131
CONCLUZII 139 CONCLUZII GENERALE 140
REFERINŢE 142
4
INTRODUCERE
Echinococozahidatidoza (boala hidatică sau chistul hidatic) este o boală parazitară cauzată
de genul Echinococcus care poate evolua cu cele mai severe și variate implicații In ciuda
progreselor din domeniile de supraveghere şi control această parazitoză continuă să reprezinte o
problemă importantă de sănătate publică icircn cele mai multe părţi ale lumii [2]
Conform clasificării OMS boala este o zoonoză care ridică numeroase probleme de
sănătate atacirct icircn ceea ce priveşte omul cacirct şi animalele deoarece paraziţii cauzali pentru a icircncheia
ciclul lor biologic trec prin mai multe gazde animale vertebrate (de exemplu cacircini pentru oameni)
Datorită prevalenţei ridicate formelor clinico-evolutive severe complicaţiilor morfo-
funcţionale cu mortalitate primaratilde sau secundaratilde ridicatatilde boala este frecvent icircntacirclnită atat icircn mediul
rural cat şi in mediul urban la toate grupele de vacircrstă prevalenţă alarmantă la tineri şi la grupe de
risc profesional [1]
In zona ţării noastre patologia hidatică are o frecvență destul de ridicată zona de nord-vest a
Transilvaniei fiind descrisă ca zonă endemică cu o cazuistică importantă [3] medicina clujeană
avand o importantă experienţă icircn diagnosticul şi tratamentul chistului hidatic
Icircn pofida realizărilor icircnregistrate icircn ultimul timp icircn diagnosticul și terapia echinococozei
umane aceasta deţine icircncă un loc important icircn structura morbidităţii şi mortalităţii icircn serviciile
chirurgicale
Cea ce face utilă prezentarea unor date succinte asupra aspectelor variate pe care boala hidatică le
poate lua icircn evoluţie din punct de vedere clinic imagistic serologic și evaluarea importanței
acestora icircn recunoașterea și diagnosticarea precoce a bolii
PARTEA I STADIUL ACTUAL AL CUNOAȘTERII
Capitolul 1 Genul Echinococcus
Parazitul responsabil de producerea hidatidozei umane este un plathelmint care face parte
din clasa cestode (Eucestode) familia Teniidae Genul Echinococcus Speciile din genul
Echinoccocus considerate agenți etiologici ai echinococozeihidatidozei după experţii OMS sunt
urmatoarele
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - echinococoza chistică
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash echinococoza alveolară
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) - echinococoza polichistică
S-a mai pus problema existenţei celei de-a cincea specii Ecruzi (Rausch şi col ndash 1978
Kumaratilake şi Thompson ndash 1982) dar Rausch şi col (1984) comparacircnd caracterele acesteia cu
Evogeli şi Eoligarthus au observat că de fapt E cruzi este sinonim cu E oligarthus
Distribuţia geografică a hidatidozei urmează fidel curba dezvoltării crescătorilor de oi şi este
determinată de promiscuitatea pastorală fapt ce l-a determinat pe Deve să afirme că ldquoboala hidatică
este una din bolile macircinilor murdareldquo
Larga varietate de specii de animale care pot fi gazde intermediare şi deplasarea acestora din
Europa icircn alte părţi ale lumii a făcut ca Echinococcus să fie răspacircndit pe icircntreg globul
In anul 2009 ECDC a raportat 790 de cazuri de echinococoză umană cu 11 mai puţine
decacirct icircn 2008 (n= 891) Printre cazurile declarate icircn care se cunoaşte specia infestantă a
predominat infestaţia cu Egranulosus (72) icircn timp ce infestaţia cu Emultilocularis a fost raportată
ca avacircnd o frecvență de 3 ori mai mică [4]
5
CAPITOLUL 2 CHISTUL HIDATIC
Chistul hidatic este o boală adesea invalidizantă cu complicații posibile și adesea severe
(şoc anafilactic) cu o terapie chirurgicală de multe ori dificilă cu recidive postoperatorii frecvente
Manifestările clinice datorate complicaţiilor instalate prin mecanismele menţionate apar cacircnd
dimensiunile chistului hidatic devin apreciabile
Tabloul clinic al chistului hidatic este puțin caracteristic Foarte adesea el este complet
asimptomatic fiind descoperit icircntacircmplător Alteori pacienții acuză jenă icircn hipocondrul drept sau
chiar durere intensă Reacțiile alergice sunt destul de frecvente mergacircnd de la o reacție urticariană
pacircnă la alergodermie sau chiar șoc anafilactic (icircn general icircn caz de fisurare sau chiar ruperea
chistului hidatic)
Evidențierea morfologică a chisturilor hidatice se poate face prin radiografie toracică
ecografie tomografie computerizată (CT) și rezonantă magnetică (MR)
Pentru diagnosticul hidatidozei umane metodele imagistice se completează cu reacțiile
de imunodiagnostic care au drept scop confirmarea etiologiei parazitare a formațiunilor decelate prin
răspunsul imun indus Icircn ultimii ani există o tendință de stadializare a dignosticului imunologic find
folosite mai intai teste primare care urmeaza sa fie confirmate prin alte metode care prezinta o
specificitate deosebit de ridicata(teste secundare) [5]
Managementul modern al chistului hidatic solicită participarea tuturor modalităților
terapeutice medicala percutana și chirurgicala Chirurgia nu mai este tratamentul de primă elecție
pentru orice chist hidatic hepatic La pacienții cu chist univezicular mai mic de 4 cm terapia de
elecție este monoterapia cu albendazol
PAIR este indicată cacircnd durerea este netratabilă sau albendazolul nu dă rezultate
Tratamentul percutan combină alcool și polidocanol dar nu poate fi utilizat icircn cazurile cu fistulă
chistobiliară
Chirurgia este utilizată icircn cazurile icircn care nu există experți icircn terapia percutană si
tratamentul percutan nu poate fi efectuat icircn deplină siguranță datorita unei extensii extrahepatice
semnificativă cu risc de perforație a chistului sausi icircn cazul rupturii chistului icircn cavitatea peritoneală
[6]
PARTEA II CERCETARI PERSONALE
STUDIUL 1 Aplicabilitatea metodelor serologice icircn diagnosticul terapia și profilaxia bolii
hidatice umane
Scopul acestui studiu a fost efectuarea și evaluarea unor teste serologice (metoda ELISA) ca
metode screening și de diagnostic a echinococozei chistice Testele au fost efectuate la persoanele
simptomatice și asimptomatice din judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj pentru aprecierea frecvenței afecțiunii icircn
aceste județe Persoanelor cărora li s-au detectat anticorpi IgG antiechinococcus li s-au efectuat
examinări imagistice pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și serologic de chist hidatic
Aceste examinări au permis elucidarea aspectelor epidemiologice diagnostice terapeutice si
prognostice privind echinococoza chistică
Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada ianuarie 2007 ndash decembrie 2009 şi a inclus 279 de
persoane simptomatice şi asimptomatice din judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj cu scopul de a stabili prezenţa şi
nivelul anticorpilor antiechinococcus icircn populaţia celor două zone şi implicit a infecției
asimptomatice folosind metoda imunoenzimatică ELISA
6
Pentru confirmarea diagnosticului de chist hidatic depistat prin testări serologice am folosit
următoarele metode imagistice ecografie abdomino-pelviană CT cranian CT torace Rx toracic
Rezultate
Din cele 279 de persoane investigate icircn ambele județe (Cluj şi Sălaj) la 22 pacienți s-a
evidențiat o serologie pozitivă frecvența seropozitivităţii find de 789 (IC= 5 -1169) la lotul
studiatcea ce sugerează infestația hidatica posibila la persoanele seropozitive Adevărata frecvență
a parazitozei este evident mai ridicată deoarece cazurile simptomatice reprezintă doar vacircrful
piramidei infestaţiei icircn timp ce cazurile asimptomatice formează baza nevăzută mult mai mare a
acesteia
Screeningul serologic interprins icircn zona de nord-vest şi centru a ţării arata prezența
infestației cu Egranulosus cu posibilitatea transmiterii sale active Rezultatele obținute
demonstrează procentul mai crescut al persoanelor seropozitive icircn judeţul Cluj și sugerează o
incidență mai crescută a hidatidozei icircn această zonă Această concluzia a fost elaborată ca urmare a
desfășurării unui proiect de cercetare cu titlulbdquoEvaluarea și optimizarea interdisciplinară a metodelor
de screening diagnostic și tratament icircn trichineloza și echinococcoza chistică umană și animală icircn
centrul și nord-vestul Romacircnieirdquo desfășurat icircn perioada 2006 - 2008 la care am participat icircn
calitate de membru
Prin examenul imagistic la 7714 dintre pacienți s-a putut confirma diagnosticul de
hidatidoză prin metode imagistice Pacienții prezentau imagini edificatoare pentru chist hidatic cu
diverse localizari hepatic (6538) pulmonar (588) renal (588) Rezultatele cercetărilor
noastre sugerează că o anumită proporţie din populaţia investigată a fost pozitiva IgG anti-
Echinococcus fără a prezenta icircn organism hidatida decelabila prin metode imagistice
Discuţii
Lipsa cunoştinţelor ignoranţa populaţiei şi chiar a unor specialişti din domeniul sanitar
privind ciclul biologic al speciei E granulosus a gazdelor pe care le are precum şi a riscului pe care
icircl implică un contact stracircns cu gazda definitivă sunt cauze de primă importanţă pentru răspacircndirea cu
uşurinţă a parazitului
Rezultatele obţinute icircn urma acestui studiu concordă cu rezultatele unor studii asemănătoare din
literatura de specialitate efectuate icircn zone endemice pentru echinococcoză chistică umană [3]
Intr-un studiu efectuat pe un lot de persoane asimptomatice la 12 din cazuri ecografia nu
decela formațiune chistică caracteristică chistului hidatic cu toate că testul serologic era pozitiv [7]
STUDIUL II Evaluarea și optimizarea metodelor de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică
Studiul are următoarele scopuri 1 Evaluarea examenului clinic icircn diagnosticul prezumtiv și
evaluarea metodelor imagistice de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică 2 Evaluarea metodei ELISA
Western ndashBlott și a metodelor de laborator pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și imagistic de
chist hidatic 3 Studiul comparativ al metodelor imagistice (ecografie Rx CT RM) cu metodele
serologice (metoda ELISA metoda Western-blott) și evaluarea utilității lor icircn diferențierea
echinococozei chistice și alveolare icircn efectuarea diagnosticului diferențial și interpretarea reacțiilor
icircncrucișate
23 Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada 2006 - 2010 şi a inclus un eşantion reprezentativ de 189
persoane simptomatice cu simptome sugestive sau cu suspiciune imagistică de boală hidatică Au
7
mai fost luate icircn studiu persoane care au suferit intervenție chirurgicală pentru boala hidatică și
persoane care prezentau rezultate de laborator nespecifice dar cu suspiciune de boală parazitară
Am folosit ca material de lucru cazuistica medicală și chirurgicală din Clinicile Medicale și
Chirurgicale din Cluj-Napoca și Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și ambulatorul unei
policlinici private) Tipurile de date colectate folosite icircn acest studiu au fost genul vacircrsta mediul de
proveniență diagnosticul clinic complicațiile chistului hidatic antecedente de chist hidatic
metodele de diagnostic imagistic efectuate (ecografie abdominală Rx pulmonar CT RM
tratamentul chirurgical examenul piesei operatorii histopatologic) analize de laborator localizarea
formațiunilor chistice icircn funcție de segmentația hepatică și icircn funcție de organul afectat metodele
de diagnostic serologic efectuate (metoda imunoenzimatica IgG antiechinococcus ELISA respectiv
metoda IgG echinococcus Western- blot)
24 Rezultate
Din rezultatele obtinute rezultă că nu există o asociere semnificativă icircntre eozinofilie şi
diagnosticul bolii hidatice (pgt005) Totuşi atunci cacircnd eozinofilia este prezentă se constată o
coincidenţă relativ ridicată de 71 (IC=52 - 85) cu diagnosticul de chist hidatic
Analiza statistică a corelației dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic cu rezultatele obţinute
pe baza confirmării chirurgicale şi paraclinice a evidentiat o sensibilitate de 9689 a examenului
imagistic specificitatea fiind 100 din punct de vedere statistic ele nu diferă semnificativ Valoarea
diagnostică a examenului imagistic este dată icircnsă de valoarea predictivă pozitivă (VPP) şi respectiv
negativă (VPN) ambele fiind peste 84 cu toate că VPN este semnificativ statistic mai mică decacirct
VPP
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG antiechinococcus ELISA icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică și paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic evidentiaza o
Specificitate de 9643 şi VPP de 9919 Acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
metoda ELISA este un bun test de screening
Comparativ cu examenele imagistic ecografic sau CT IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are un
indice Youden mai mic Prin urmare din acest punct de vedere IgG antiechinococcus ELISA pare a fi
un test diagnostic mai puțin concludent decacirct examenele imagistice menţionate Pe de altă parte
comparacircnd intervalele de icircncredere la indicatorii Specificitate VPP la examenele imagistice (global
ecografic CT) şi IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se constată că nu diferă semnificativ statistic
Rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se asociază
semnificativ Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de
contingenţă Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele
ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
concordanţă Kappa = 0522 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă
moderată
Tehnica imunoblot este un puternic test de confirmare și de diagnostic serologic diferenţial
icircntre cele două infectii majore relevante echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară [8]
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG echinococcus Western Blot icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică şi paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic a relevat o Specificitate
de100 şi o valoare predictiva pozitiva de100 acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
testul de detectare a IgG echinococcus Western Blot este un bun test de screening
Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de contingenţă
Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG
echinococcus Western blot este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
8
concordanţă Kappa = 0861 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă foarte
bună
25 Discutii
Evaluarea eozinofiliei ca marker diagnostic icircn echinococoza chistică a permis unor autorii
să afirme că eozinofilia nu este un indicator suficient pentru stabilirea diagnosticului de
echinococoză chistică fiind necesar și un diagnostic complementar clinic [9]
Sensibilitatea și specificitatea ecografiei a fost raportată icircn mai multe studii din literatură ca
fiind icircntre 88 ndash 98 și respectiv 95 ndash 100 pentru echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară
umană Autorii o considera rdquogolden standardrdquo deși recunosc imperfecțiunea acestei tehnici
Examenul clinic examenul de laborator și datele epidemiologice sunt considerate deasemenea
importante pentru diagnosticul echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare [10
]
Testele serologice contribuie la diagnostic detecţia anticorpilor IgG a avut o sensibilitate
de 95 și o specificitate de 94 icircntr-un studiu efectuat de Shambesh MA și colaboratorii [11
]
Sensibilitatea obţinută de Shambesh este semnificativ mai ridicată decacirct cea determinată icircn studiul
nostru care raportează o sensibilitate de 764 cu IC= 6907-8272 Icircn schimb specificitatea
nu diferă semnificativ statistic de cea obţinută icircn studiul nostru (9643 IC=8165-9991)
Infecţiile echinococice sunt considerate unele dintre cele mai periculoase boli helmintice
umane Deosebirea icircntre echinococoza chistică și alveolară este importantă din punct de vedere al
prognosticului și tratamentului
In diferite stadii ale echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare testul cel mai relevant
s-a apreciat a fi testul Western blot IgG echinococus care a confirmat rezultatele pozitive [12
]
Cercetările efectuate cu scopul de a evidenţia prezenţa IgG echinococcus prin metoda
Western blot raportată la metoda de aur considerată (confirmarea chirurgicală histopatologică și
diagnostic paraclinic) au demonstrat o sensibilitate de 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834)
specificitatea fiind de 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) date care sunt asemănătoare celor icircntacirclnite icircn
literatura de specialitate
Icircn majoritatea ţărilor echinococoza alveolară a căpătat deja un caracter endemic şi este icircn
curs de extindere continuă cu o rapiditate alarmantă devenind o boală emergentă
Parazitul adult Emultilocularis nu a fost depistat icircn Romacircnia pacircnă icircn prezent la nici o gazdă
definitivă [13
]
Studiul efectuat a relevat prin metoda Western blot pentru prima dată icircn țara noastră
existența probabilității infecției cu Echinococcus multilocularis la om Sunt necesare studii
ulterioare pentru depistarea persoanelor cu echinococoză alveolară existente icircn Romania icircn
condițiile existenței acesteia icircn numeroase țări din Europa inclusiv cele vecine Romacircniei (Ungaria
Ucraina) Centralizacircnd cercetările recente privind situația epidemiologică problemele clinice și
opțiunile terapeutice autorii au descris primul caz de echinococoză alveolară icircn Ungaria Pentru
confirmarea acestei infecții rare trebuie să fie luat icircn considerare diagnosticul diferenţial cu alte
leziuni hepatice infiltrative [14
]
Nu a fost raportat nici un caz la nivelul Romacircniei prin alte studii Recomandăm
introducerea acestei metode icircn screeningul și diagnosticul acestei boli grave
Icircn icircncercarea de a compara metodele folosite pentru diagnosticarea chistului hidatic și a
rezultatelor obţinute prin aceste metode putem afirma că testul Western blot IgG echinococcus este
cel mai sensibil pentru a preciza un diagnostic etiologic
9
REFERINTE
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granulosus infection icircn the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in
Cluj county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev
Scientia Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of
techniques for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis
icircn Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young
University Pris Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9
nr 2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz
2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and
abdominal ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey
Turk J Med Sci 391 1-4
8 Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species
differentiation by a new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9 Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil counts Turkiye Parazitol Derg
200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community
based ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003
Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An
extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic
echinococcosis icircn northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative
study with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă
icircn Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg
Deacutenes Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete
Beeacuterkezett 2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
10
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Nume Ciobanca
2 Prenume Petrica Teofil
3 Data şi locul naşterii 25111979 Localitatea Zalau judetul Salaj
4 Cetăţenie Romana
5 Stare civilă Casatorit
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mail petrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studii
Instituţia Universitatea
de Vest bdquoVasile
Goldisrdquo Arad
Universitatea de
Medicina si
FarmacierdquoIuliu
Hatieganurdquo Cluj
Napoca
Universitate
de Medicina
rdquoCarol
Davilardquo
Bucuresti
Universitatea
de medicina si
Farmacierdquo
Iuliu
Hatieganurdquo
Cluj Napoca
Liceul Teoretic
Zalau -Sectia
Matematica-
Fizica
Perioada Octombrie
2004 -
Iunie 2005
Ianuarie2005-
februarie2005
Ianuarie 2005-
Martie 2005
Octombrie
1998-
Septembrie
2004
Septembrie
1994 -
Iulie 1998
Grade sau
diplome
obţinute
Diploma de
Master in
Managementul
Financiar
Contabil si
Juridic al
Firmelor
Certificat de
Absolvire curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala modul I
Certificat de
Absolvire
curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala
modulul II
Diploma de
Licenta
Medicina
Generala
Diploma de
Bacalaureat
8 Titlul ştiinţific Medic Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa
9 Experienţa profesională
Perioada Functia Responsabilitati
01 11 2005 -
prezent
-Asistent Universitar
-Medic Rezident Medicina de
Laborator
-Doctorand cu frecventa
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Activitate didactica in Microbiologie
(Bacteriologie Parazitologie
Virusologie Micologie) cu studentii
anului II III Medicina Generala
Farmacie Colegii Medicale in cadrul
UMF bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo
-Stagii in activitatea de rezidentiat
-activitate de cercetare
01012006 ndash
prezent
-Medic generalist SALVO- SAN
-practica medicala in medicina generala
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Practica medicala examinari clinice pre
si post operatorii
-managerul echipei de resuscitare in caz
de urgenta
15012007 ndash
14112007
Medic Rezident Medicina de
familie Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta
Cluj Napoca
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
2
CUPRINS
LISTA DE PUBLICATII 2 INTRODUCERE 7
PARTEA I STADIUL ACTUAL AL CUNOAȘTERII 10 Capitolul 1 GENUL ECHINOCOCCUS 11
11 Istoric 11 12 Taxonomie şi clasificare 12
13 Morfologie 12 14 Diferenţe morfologice şi genetice icircntre specii 15 15 Epidemiologie 17 16 Ciclul biologic 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21
17 Contaminarea umană 22
CAPITOLUL 2 CHISTUL HIDATIC 23 21 Patogenia chistului hidatic 23 22 Evoluţia chistului hidatic 23 23 Manifestări clinice ale hidatidozei umane 24
24 Diagnosticul bolii hidatice 27 241 Diagnosticul clinic 28
242 Diagnosticul imagistic 28 243 Diagnostic parazitologic 31 244 Diagnosticul imunologic 32
245 Diagnosticul diferenţial al chistului hidatic 34 25 Tratamentul chistului hidatic 35
26 Profilaxia chistului hidatic 38
PARTEA II CERCETARI PERSONALE 40
STUDIUL 1 Aplicabilitatea metodelor serologice icircn diagnosticul terapia şi profilaxia bolii hidatice
umane 41
11 Introducere 41 12 Scopul şi obiectivele studiului 41 13 Material şi metodă42
131 Material 42 132 Metoda 43
14 Rezultate 47 141 Depistarea persoanelor seropozitive investigate prin teste imunoenzimatice ELISA IgG
antiechinococcus icircn judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj 47 142 Frecvenţa icircn funcţie de mediul de provenienţă a persoanelor seropozitive icircn judeţele Cluj
şi Sălaj 48 143 Frecvenţa persoanelor seropozitive icircn judeţul Cluj şi Sălaj icircn funcţie de sex 50
144 Aspecte epidemiologice privind persoanele seropozitive icircn județul Cluj (incidenţă
mediul de provenienţă şi repartizarea pe sexe) 51 145 Frecvenţa persoanelor seropozitive icircn funcţie de sex icircn judeţul Cluj 52 146 Aspecte epidemiologice privind persoanele seropozitive icircn judeţul Sălaj
(incidenţă mediul de provenienţă şi repartizarea pe sexe) 53 147 Frecvenţa persoanelor seropozitive icircn funcţie de sex icircn judeţul Salaj 54
3
15 Confirmarea rezultatelor obţinute la testările serologice prin metode imagistice utilizate icircn
diagnosticul echinococozei chistice umane 55
151 Rezultatele examenului imagistic (ecografic RX toracic CT) 56 16 DISCUŢII 58
17 DESCRIERE CAZURI 61 CONCLUZII 68 STUDIUL II Evaluarea şi optimizarea metodelor de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică 69
21 Introducere 69 22 Scopul şi obiectivele studiului 69
23 Material şi metodă70 231 Material 70 232 Metode paraclinice şi clinice utilizate 71 233 Metode statistice de analiză a datelor 77
24 Rezultate 80
241 Rezultate epidemiologice (luand ca şi criteriu sexul mediul de provenienţă varsta) 80
242 Rezultate clinice si paraclinice privind diagnosticul bolii hidatice 83
2421 Valoarea examenului clinic icircn diagnosticul chistului hidatic 83
2422Confirmarea chirurgicală a diagnosticului prezumtiv de chist hidatic 85 2423 Evaluarea analizelor de laborator uzuale (hemoleucograma analize biochimice)
folosite pentru depistarea chistului hidatic 86
2424 Metode imagistice folosite pentru identificarea chistului hidatic 89 2425 Rezultatele obţinute prin metode imunoserologice97
243 Rezultate comparative 106 25 DISCUŢII 122 26 DESCRIERE CAZURI 131
CONCLUZII 139 CONCLUZII GENERALE 140
REFERINŢE 142
4
INTRODUCERE
Echinococozahidatidoza (boala hidatică sau chistul hidatic) este o boală parazitară cauzată
de genul Echinococcus care poate evolua cu cele mai severe și variate implicații In ciuda
progreselor din domeniile de supraveghere şi control această parazitoză continuă să reprezinte o
problemă importantă de sănătate publică icircn cele mai multe părţi ale lumii [2]
Conform clasificării OMS boala este o zoonoză care ridică numeroase probleme de
sănătate atacirct icircn ceea ce priveşte omul cacirct şi animalele deoarece paraziţii cauzali pentru a icircncheia
ciclul lor biologic trec prin mai multe gazde animale vertebrate (de exemplu cacircini pentru oameni)
Datorită prevalenţei ridicate formelor clinico-evolutive severe complicaţiilor morfo-
funcţionale cu mortalitate primaratilde sau secundaratilde ridicatatilde boala este frecvent icircntacirclnită atat icircn mediul
rural cat şi in mediul urban la toate grupele de vacircrstă prevalenţă alarmantă la tineri şi la grupe de
risc profesional [1]
In zona ţării noastre patologia hidatică are o frecvență destul de ridicată zona de nord-vest a
Transilvaniei fiind descrisă ca zonă endemică cu o cazuistică importantă [3] medicina clujeană
avand o importantă experienţă icircn diagnosticul şi tratamentul chistului hidatic
Icircn pofida realizărilor icircnregistrate icircn ultimul timp icircn diagnosticul și terapia echinococozei
umane aceasta deţine icircncă un loc important icircn structura morbidităţii şi mortalităţii icircn serviciile
chirurgicale
Cea ce face utilă prezentarea unor date succinte asupra aspectelor variate pe care boala hidatică le
poate lua icircn evoluţie din punct de vedere clinic imagistic serologic și evaluarea importanței
acestora icircn recunoașterea și diagnosticarea precoce a bolii
PARTEA I STADIUL ACTUAL AL CUNOAȘTERII
Capitolul 1 Genul Echinococcus
Parazitul responsabil de producerea hidatidozei umane este un plathelmint care face parte
din clasa cestode (Eucestode) familia Teniidae Genul Echinococcus Speciile din genul
Echinoccocus considerate agenți etiologici ai echinococozeihidatidozei după experţii OMS sunt
urmatoarele
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - echinococoza chistică
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash echinococoza alveolară
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) - echinococoza polichistică
S-a mai pus problema existenţei celei de-a cincea specii Ecruzi (Rausch şi col ndash 1978
Kumaratilake şi Thompson ndash 1982) dar Rausch şi col (1984) comparacircnd caracterele acesteia cu
Evogeli şi Eoligarthus au observat că de fapt E cruzi este sinonim cu E oligarthus
Distribuţia geografică a hidatidozei urmează fidel curba dezvoltării crescătorilor de oi şi este
determinată de promiscuitatea pastorală fapt ce l-a determinat pe Deve să afirme că ldquoboala hidatică
este una din bolile macircinilor murdareldquo
Larga varietate de specii de animale care pot fi gazde intermediare şi deplasarea acestora din
Europa icircn alte părţi ale lumii a făcut ca Echinococcus să fie răspacircndit pe icircntreg globul
In anul 2009 ECDC a raportat 790 de cazuri de echinococoză umană cu 11 mai puţine
decacirct icircn 2008 (n= 891) Printre cazurile declarate icircn care se cunoaşte specia infestantă a
predominat infestaţia cu Egranulosus (72) icircn timp ce infestaţia cu Emultilocularis a fost raportată
ca avacircnd o frecvență de 3 ori mai mică [4]
5
CAPITOLUL 2 CHISTUL HIDATIC
Chistul hidatic este o boală adesea invalidizantă cu complicații posibile și adesea severe
(şoc anafilactic) cu o terapie chirurgicală de multe ori dificilă cu recidive postoperatorii frecvente
Manifestările clinice datorate complicaţiilor instalate prin mecanismele menţionate apar cacircnd
dimensiunile chistului hidatic devin apreciabile
Tabloul clinic al chistului hidatic este puțin caracteristic Foarte adesea el este complet
asimptomatic fiind descoperit icircntacircmplător Alteori pacienții acuză jenă icircn hipocondrul drept sau
chiar durere intensă Reacțiile alergice sunt destul de frecvente mergacircnd de la o reacție urticariană
pacircnă la alergodermie sau chiar șoc anafilactic (icircn general icircn caz de fisurare sau chiar ruperea
chistului hidatic)
Evidențierea morfologică a chisturilor hidatice se poate face prin radiografie toracică
ecografie tomografie computerizată (CT) și rezonantă magnetică (MR)
Pentru diagnosticul hidatidozei umane metodele imagistice se completează cu reacțiile
de imunodiagnostic care au drept scop confirmarea etiologiei parazitare a formațiunilor decelate prin
răspunsul imun indus Icircn ultimii ani există o tendință de stadializare a dignosticului imunologic find
folosite mai intai teste primare care urmeaza sa fie confirmate prin alte metode care prezinta o
specificitate deosebit de ridicata(teste secundare) [5]
Managementul modern al chistului hidatic solicită participarea tuturor modalităților
terapeutice medicala percutana și chirurgicala Chirurgia nu mai este tratamentul de primă elecție
pentru orice chist hidatic hepatic La pacienții cu chist univezicular mai mic de 4 cm terapia de
elecție este monoterapia cu albendazol
PAIR este indicată cacircnd durerea este netratabilă sau albendazolul nu dă rezultate
Tratamentul percutan combină alcool și polidocanol dar nu poate fi utilizat icircn cazurile cu fistulă
chistobiliară
Chirurgia este utilizată icircn cazurile icircn care nu există experți icircn terapia percutană si
tratamentul percutan nu poate fi efectuat icircn deplină siguranță datorita unei extensii extrahepatice
semnificativă cu risc de perforație a chistului sausi icircn cazul rupturii chistului icircn cavitatea peritoneală
[6]
PARTEA II CERCETARI PERSONALE
STUDIUL 1 Aplicabilitatea metodelor serologice icircn diagnosticul terapia și profilaxia bolii
hidatice umane
Scopul acestui studiu a fost efectuarea și evaluarea unor teste serologice (metoda ELISA) ca
metode screening și de diagnostic a echinococozei chistice Testele au fost efectuate la persoanele
simptomatice și asimptomatice din judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj pentru aprecierea frecvenței afecțiunii icircn
aceste județe Persoanelor cărora li s-au detectat anticorpi IgG antiechinococcus li s-au efectuat
examinări imagistice pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și serologic de chist hidatic
Aceste examinări au permis elucidarea aspectelor epidemiologice diagnostice terapeutice si
prognostice privind echinococoza chistică
Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada ianuarie 2007 ndash decembrie 2009 şi a inclus 279 de
persoane simptomatice şi asimptomatice din judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj cu scopul de a stabili prezenţa şi
nivelul anticorpilor antiechinococcus icircn populaţia celor două zone şi implicit a infecției
asimptomatice folosind metoda imunoenzimatică ELISA
6
Pentru confirmarea diagnosticului de chist hidatic depistat prin testări serologice am folosit
următoarele metode imagistice ecografie abdomino-pelviană CT cranian CT torace Rx toracic
Rezultate
Din cele 279 de persoane investigate icircn ambele județe (Cluj şi Sălaj) la 22 pacienți s-a
evidențiat o serologie pozitivă frecvența seropozitivităţii find de 789 (IC= 5 -1169) la lotul
studiatcea ce sugerează infestația hidatica posibila la persoanele seropozitive Adevărata frecvență
a parazitozei este evident mai ridicată deoarece cazurile simptomatice reprezintă doar vacircrful
piramidei infestaţiei icircn timp ce cazurile asimptomatice formează baza nevăzută mult mai mare a
acesteia
Screeningul serologic interprins icircn zona de nord-vest şi centru a ţării arata prezența
infestației cu Egranulosus cu posibilitatea transmiterii sale active Rezultatele obținute
demonstrează procentul mai crescut al persoanelor seropozitive icircn judeţul Cluj și sugerează o
incidență mai crescută a hidatidozei icircn această zonă Această concluzia a fost elaborată ca urmare a
desfășurării unui proiect de cercetare cu titlulbdquoEvaluarea și optimizarea interdisciplinară a metodelor
de screening diagnostic și tratament icircn trichineloza și echinococcoza chistică umană și animală icircn
centrul și nord-vestul Romacircnieirdquo desfășurat icircn perioada 2006 - 2008 la care am participat icircn
calitate de membru
Prin examenul imagistic la 7714 dintre pacienți s-a putut confirma diagnosticul de
hidatidoză prin metode imagistice Pacienții prezentau imagini edificatoare pentru chist hidatic cu
diverse localizari hepatic (6538) pulmonar (588) renal (588) Rezultatele cercetărilor
noastre sugerează că o anumită proporţie din populaţia investigată a fost pozitiva IgG anti-
Echinococcus fără a prezenta icircn organism hidatida decelabila prin metode imagistice
Discuţii
Lipsa cunoştinţelor ignoranţa populaţiei şi chiar a unor specialişti din domeniul sanitar
privind ciclul biologic al speciei E granulosus a gazdelor pe care le are precum şi a riscului pe care
icircl implică un contact stracircns cu gazda definitivă sunt cauze de primă importanţă pentru răspacircndirea cu
uşurinţă a parazitului
Rezultatele obţinute icircn urma acestui studiu concordă cu rezultatele unor studii asemănătoare din
literatura de specialitate efectuate icircn zone endemice pentru echinococcoză chistică umană [3]
Intr-un studiu efectuat pe un lot de persoane asimptomatice la 12 din cazuri ecografia nu
decela formațiune chistică caracteristică chistului hidatic cu toate că testul serologic era pozitiv [7]
STUDIUL II Evaluarea și optimizarea metodelor de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică
Studiul are următoarele scopuri 1 Evaluarea examenului clinic icircn diagnosticul prezumtiv și
evaluarea metodelor imagistice de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică 2 Evaluarea metodei ELISA
Western ndashBlott și a metodelor de laborator pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și imagistic de
chist hidatic 3 Studiul comparativ al metodelor imagistice (ecografie Rx CT RM) cu metodele
serologice (metoda ELISA metoda Western-blott) și evaluarea utilității lor icircn diferențierea
echinococozei chistice și alveolare icircn efectuarea diagnosticului diferențial și interpretarea reacțiilor
icircncrucișate
23 Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada 2006 - 2010 şi a inclus un eşantion reprezentativ de 189
persoane simptomatice cu simptome sugestive sau cu suspiciune imagistică de boală hidatică Au
7
mai fost luate icircn studiu persoane care au suferit intervenție chirurgicală pentru boala hidatică și
persoane care prezentau rezultate de laborator nespecifice dar cu suspiciune de boală parazitară
Am folosit ca material de lucru cazuistica medicală și chirurgicală din Clinicile Medicale și
Chirurgicale din Cluj-Napoca și Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și ambulatorul unei
policlinici private) Tipurile de date colectate folosite icircn acest studiu au fost genul vacircrsta mediul de
proveniență diagnosticul clinic complicațiile chistului hidatic antecedente de chist hidatic
metodele de diagnostic imagistic efectuate (ecografie abdominală Rx pulmonar CT RM
tratamentul chirurgical examenul piesei operatorii histopatologic) analize de laborator localizarea
formațiunilor chistice icircn funcție de segmentația hepatică și icircn funcție de organul afectat metodele
de diagnostic serologic efectuate (metoda imunoenzimatica IgG antiechinococcus ELISA respectiv
metoda IgG echinococcus Western- blot)
24 Rezultate
Din rezultatele obtinute rezultă că nu există o asociere semnificativă icircntre eozinofilie şi
diagnosticul bolii hidatice (pgt005) Totuşi atunci cacircnd eozinofilia este prezentă se constată o
coincidenţă relativ ridicată de 71 (IC=52 - 85) cu diagnosticul de chist hidatic
Analiza statistică a corelației dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic cu rezultatele obţinute
pe baza confirmării chirurgicale şi paraclinice a evidentiat o sensibilitate de 9689 a examenului
imagistic specificitatea fiind 100 din punct de vedere statistic ele nu diferă semnificativ Valoarea
diagnostică a examenului imagistic este dată icircnsă de valoarea predictivă pozitivă (VPP) şi respectiv
negativă (VPN) ambele fiind peste 84 cu toate că VPN este semnificativ statistic mai mică decacirct
VPP
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG antiechinococcus ELISA icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică și paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic evidentiaza o
Specificitate de 9643 şi VPP de 9919 Acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
metoda ELISA este un bun test de screening
Comparativ cu examenele imagistic ecografic sau CT IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are un
indice Youden mai mic Prin urmare din acest punct de vedere IgG antiechinococcus ELISA pare a fi
un test diagnostic mai puțin concludent decacirct examenele imagistice menţionate Pe de altă parte
comparacircnd intervalele de icircncredere la indicatorii Specificitate VPP la examenele imagistice (global
ecografic CT) şi IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se constată că nu diferă semnificativ statistic
Rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se asociază
semnificativ Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de
contingenţă Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele
ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
concordanţă Kappa = 0522 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă
moderată
Tehnica imunoblot este un puternic test de confirmare și de diagnostic serologic diferenţial
icircntre cele două infectii majore relevante echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară [8]
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG echinococcus Western Blot icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică şi paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic a relevat o Specificitate
de100 şi o valoare predictiva pozitiva de100 acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
testul de detectare a IgG echinococcus Western Blot este un bun test de screening
Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de contingenţă
Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG
echinococcus Western blot este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
8
concordanţă Kappa = 0861 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă foarte
bună
25 Discutii
Evaluarea eozinofiliei ca marker diagnostic icircn echinococoza chistică a permis unor autorii
să afirme că eozinofilia nu este un indicator suficient pentru stabilirea diagnosticului de
echinococoză chistică fiind necesar și un diagnostic complementar clinic [9]
Sensibilitatea și specificitatea ecografiei a fost raportată icircn mai multe studii din literatură ca
fiind icircntre 88 ndash 98 și respectiv 95 ndash 100 pentru echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară
umană Autorii o considera rdquogolden standardrdquo deși recunosc imperfecțiunea acestei tehnici
Examenul clinic examenul de laborator și datele epidemiologice sunt considerate deasemenea
importante pentru diagnosticul echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare [10
]
Testele serologice contribuie la diagnostic detecţia anticorpilor IgG a avut o sensibilitate
de 95 și o specificitate de 94 icircntr-un studiu efectuat de Shambesh MA și colaboratorii [11
]
Sensibilitatea obţinută de Shambesh este semnificativ mai ridicată decacirct cea determinată icircn studiul
nostru care raportează o sensibilitate de 764 cu IC= 6907-8272 Icircn schimb specificitatea
nu diferă semnificativ statistic de cea obţinută icircn studiul nostru (9643 IC=8165-9991)
Infecţiile echinococice sunt considerate unele dintre cele mai periculoase boli helmintice
umane Deosebirea icircntre echinococoza chistică și alveolară este importantă din punct de vedere al
prognosticului și tratamentului
In diferite stadii ale echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare testul cel mai relevant
s-a apreciat a fi testul Western blot IgG echinococus care a confirmat rezultatele pozitive [12
]
Cercetările efectuate cu scopul de a evidenţia prezenţa IgG echinococcus prin metoda
Western blot raportată la metoda de aur considerată (confirmarea chirurgicală histopatologică și
diagnostic paraclinic) au demonstrat o sensibilitate de 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834)
specificitatea fiind de 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) date care sunt asemănătoare celor icircntacirclnite icircn
literatura de specialitate
Icircn majoritatea ţărilor echinococoza alveolară a căpătat deja un caracter endemic şi este icircn
curs de extindere continuă cu o rapiditate alarmantă devenind o boală emergentă
Parazitul adult Emultilocularis nu a fost depistat icircn Romacircnia pacircnă icircn prezent la nici o gazdă
definitivă [13
]
Studiul efectuat a relevat prin metoda Western blot pentru prima dată icircn țara noastră
existența probabilității infecției cu Echinococcus multilocularis la om Sunt necesare studii
ulterioare pentru depistarea persoanelor cu echinococoză alveolară existente icircn Romania icircn
condițiile existenței acesteia icircn numeroase țări din Europa inclusiv cele vecine Romacircniei (Ungaria
Ucraina) Centralizacircnd cercetările recente privind situația epidemiologică problemele clinice și
opțiunile terapeutice autorii au descris primul caz de echinococoză alveolară icircn Ungaria Pentru
confirmarea acestei infecții rare trebuie să fie luat icircn considerare diagnosticul diferenţial cu alte
leziuni hepatice infiltrative [14
]
Nu a fost raportat nici un caz la nivelul Romacircniei prin alte studii Recomandăm
introducerea acestei metode icircn screeningul și diagnosticul acestei boli grave
Icircn icircncercarea de a compara metodele folosite pentru diagnosticarea chistului hidatic și a
rezultatelor obţinute prin aceste metode putem afirma că testul Western blot IgG echinococcus este
cel mai sensibil pentru a preciza un diagnostic etiologic
9
REFERINTE
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection icircn the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in
Cluj county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev
Scientia Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of
techniques for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis
icircn Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young
University Pris Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9
nr 2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz
2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and
abdominal ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey
Turk J Med Sci 391 1-4
8 Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species
differentiation by a new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9 Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil counts Turkiye Parazitol Derg
200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community
based ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003
Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An
extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic
echinococcosis icircn northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative
study with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă
icircn Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg
Deacutenes Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete
Beeacuterkezett 2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
10
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Nume Ciobanca
2 Prenume Petrica Teofil
3 Data şi locul naşterii 25111979 Localitatea Zalau judetul Salaj
4 Cetăţenie Romana
5 Stare civilă Casatorit
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mail petrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studii
Instituţia Universitatea
de Vest bdquoVasile
Goldisrdquo Arad
Universitatea de
Medicina si
FarmacierdquoIuliu
Hatieganurdquo Cluj
Napoca
Universitate
de Medicina
rdquoCarol
Davilardquo
Bucuresti
Universitatea
de medicina si
Farmacierdquo
Iuliu
Hatieganurdquo
Cluj Napoca
Liceul Teoretic
Zalau -Sectia
Matematica-
Fizica
Perioada Octombrie
2004 -
Iunie 2005
Ianuarie2005-
februarie2005
Ianuarie 2005-
Martie 2005
Octombrie
1998-
Septembrie
2004
Septembrie
1994 -
Iulie 1998
Grade sau
diplome
obţinute
Diploma de
Master in
Managementul
Financiar
Contabil si
Juridic al
Firmelor
Certificat de
Absolvire curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala modul I
Certificat de
Absolvire
curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala
modulul II
Diploma de
Licenta
Medicina
Generala
Diploma de
Bacalaureat
8 Titlul ştiinţific Medic Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa
9 Experienţa profesională
Perioada Functia Responsabilitati
01 11 2005 -
prezent
-Asistent Universitar
-Medic Rezident Medicina de
Laborator
-Doctorand cu frecventa
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Activitate didactica in Microbiologie
(Bacteriologie Parazitologie
Virusologie Micologie) cu studentii
anului II III Medicina Generala
Farmacie Colegii Medicale in cadrul
UMF bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo
-Stagii in activitatea de rezidentiat
-activitate de cercetare
01012006 ndash
prezent
-Medic generalist SALVO- SAN
-practica medicala in medicina generala
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Practica medicala examinari clinice pre
si post operatorii
-managerul echipei de resuscitare in caz
de urgenta
15012007 ndash
14112007
Medic Rezident Medicina de
familie Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta
Cluj Napoca
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
3
15 Confirmarea rezultatelor obţinute la testările serologice prin metode imagistice utilizate icircn
diagnosticul echinococozei chistice umane 55
151 Rezultatele examenului imagistic (ecografic RX toracic CT) 56 16 DISCUŢII 58
17 DESCRIERE CAZURI 61 CONCLUZII 68 STUDIUL II Evaluarea şi optimizarea metodelor de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică 69
21 Introducere 69 22 Scopul şi obiectivele studiului 69
23 Material şi metodă70 231 Material 70 232 Metode paraclinice şi clinice utilizate 71 233 Metode statistice de analiză a datelor 77
24 Rezultate 80
241 Rezultate epidemiologice (luand ca şi criteriu sexul mediul de provenienţă varsta) 80
242 Rezultate clinice si paraclinice privind diagnosticul bolii hidatice 83
2421 Valoarea examenului clinic icircn diagnosticul chistului hidatic 83
2422Confirmarea chirurgicală a diagnosticului prezumtiv de chist hidatic 85 2423 Evaluarea analizelor de laborator uzuale (hemoleucograma analize biochimice)
folosite pentru depistarea chistului hidatic 86
2424 Metode imagistice folosite pentru identificarea chistului hidatic 89 2425 Rezultatele obţinute prin metode imunoserologice97
243 Rezultate comparative 106 25 DISCUŢII 122 26 DESCRIERE CAZURI 131
CONCLUZII 139 CONCLUZII GENERALE 140
REFERINŢE 142
4
INTRODUCERE
Echinococozahidatidoza (boala hidatică sau chistul hidatic) este o boală parazitară cauzată
de genul Echinococcus care poate evolua cu cele mai severe și variate implicații In ciuda
progreselor din domeniile de supraveghere şi control această parazitoză continuă să reprezinte o
problemă importantă de sănătate publică icircn cele mai multe părţi ale lumii [2]
Conform clasificării OMS boala este o zoonoză care ridică numeroase probleme de
sănătate atacirct icircn ceea ce priveşte omul cacirct şi animalele deoarece paraziţii cauzali pentru a icircncheia
ciclul lor biologic trec prin mai multe gazde animale vertebrate (de exemplu cacircini pentru oameni)
Datorită prevalenţei ridicate formelor clinico-evolutive severe complicaţiilor morfo-
funcţionale cu mortalitate primaratilde sau secundaratilde ridicatatilde boala este frecvent icircntacirclnită atat icircn mediul
rural cat şi in mediul urban la toate grupele de vacircrstă prevalenţă alarmantă la tineri şi la grupe de
risc profesional [1]
In zona ţării noastre patologia hidatică are o frecvență destul de ridicată zona de nord-vest a
Transilvaniei fiind descrisă ca zonă endemică cu o cazuistică importantă [3] medicina clujeană
avand o importantă experienţă icircn diagnosticul şi tratamentul chistului hidatic
Icircn pofida realizărilor icircnregistrate icircn ultimul timp icircn diagnosticul și terapia echinococozei
umane aceasta deţine icircncă un loc important icircn structura morbidităţii şi mortalităţii icircn serviciile
chirurgicale
Cea ce face utilă prezentarea unor date succinte asupra aspectelor variate pe care boala hidatică le
poate lua icircn evoluţie din punct de vedere clinic imagistic serologic și evaluarea importanței
acestora icircn recunoașterea și diagnosticarea precoce a bolii
PARTEA I STADIUL ACTUAL AL CUNOAȘTERII
Capitolul 1 Genul Echinococcus
Parazitul responsabil de producerea hidatidozei umane este un plathelmint care face parte
din clasa cestode (Eucestode) familia Teniidae Genul Echinococcus Speciile din genul
Echinoccocus considerate agenți etiologici ai echinococozeihidatidozei după experţii OMS sunt
urmatoarele
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - echinococoza chistică
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash echinococoza alveolară
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) - echinococoza polichistică
S-a mai pus problema existenţei celei de-a cincea specii Ecruzi (Rausch şi col ndash 1978
Kumaratilake şi Thompson ndash 1982) dar Rausch şi col (1984) comparacircnd caracterele acesteia cu
Evogeli şi Eoligarthus au observat că de fapt E cruzi este sinonim cu E oligarthus
Distribuţia geografică a hidatidozei urmează fidel curba dezvoltării crescătorilor de oi şi este
determinată de promiscuitatea pastorală fapt ce l-a determinat pe Deve să afirme că ldquoboala hidatică
este una din bolile macircinilor murdareldquo
Larga varietate de specii de animale care pot fi gazde intermediare şi deplasarea acestora din
Europa icircn alte părţi ale lumii a făcut ca Echinococcus să fie răspacircndit pe icircntreg globul
In anul 2009 ECDC a raportat 790 de cazuri de echinococoză umană cu 11 mai puţine
decacirct icircn 2008 (n= 891) Printre cazurile declarate icircn care se cunoaşte specia infestantă a
predominat infestaţia cu Egranulosus (72) icircn timp ce infestaţia cu Emultilocularis a fost raportată
ca avacircnd o frecvență de 3 ori mai mică [4]
5
CAPITOLUL 2 CHISTUL HIDATIC
Chistul hidatic este o boală adesea invalidizantă cu complicații posibile și adesea severe
(şoc anafilactic) cu o terapie chirurgicală de multe ori dificilă cu recidive postoperatorii frecvente
Manifestările clinice datorate complicaţiilor instalate prin mecanismele menţionate apar cacircnd
dimensiunile chistului hidatic devin apreciabile
Tabloul clinic al chistului hidatic este puțin caracteristic Foarte adesea el este complet
asimptomatic fiind descoperit icircntacircmplător Alteori pacienții acuză jenă icircn hipocondrul drept sau
chiar durere intensă Reacțiile alergice sunt destul de frecvente mergacircnd de la o reacție urticariană
pacircnă la alergodermie sau chiar șoc anafilactic (icircn general icircn caz de fisurare sau chiar ruperea
chistului hidatic)
Evidențierea morfologică a chisturilor hidatice se poate face prin radiografie toracică
ecografie tomografie computerizată (CT) și rezonantă magnetică (MR)
Pentru diagnosticul hidatidozei umane metodele imagistice se completează cu reacțiile
de imunodiagnostic care au drept scop confirmarea etiologiei parazitare a formațiunilor decelate prin
răspunsul imun indus Icircn ultimii ani există o tendință de stadializare a dignosticului imunologic find
folosite mai intai teste primare care urmeaza sa fie confirmate prin alte metode care prezinta o
specificitate deosebit de ridicata(teste secundare) [5]
Managementul modern al chistului hidatic solicită participarea tuturor modalităților
terapeutice medicala percutana și chirurgicala Chirurgia nu mai este tratamentul de primă elecție
pentru orice chist hidatic hepatic La pacienții cu chist univezicular mai mic de 4 cm terapia de
elecție este monoterapia cu albendazol
PAIR este indicată cacircnd durerea este netratabilă sau albendazolul nu dă rezultate
Tratamentul percutan combină alcool și polidocanol dar nu poate fi utilizat icircn cazurile cu fistulă
chistobiliară
Chirurgia este utilizată icircn cazurile icircn care nu există experți icircn terapia percutană si
tratamentul percutan nu poate fi efectuat icircn deplină siguranță datorita unei extensii extrahepatice
semnificativă cu risc de perforație a chistului sausi icircn cazul rupturii chistului icircn cavitatea peritoneală
[6]
PARTEA II CERCETARI PERSONALE
STUDIUL 1 Aplicabilitatea metodelor serologice icircn diagnosticul terapia și profilaxia bolii
hidatice umane
Scopul acestui studiu a fost efectuarea și evaluarea unor teste serologice (metoda ELISA) ca
metode screening și de diagnostic a echinococozei chistice Testele au fost efectuate la persoanele
simptomatice și asimptomatice din judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj pentru aprecierea frecvenței afecțiunii icircn
aceste județe Persoanelor cărora li s-au detectat anticorpi IgG antiechinococcus li s-au efectuat
examinări imagistice pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și serologic de chist hidatic
Aceste examinări au permis elucidarea aspectelor epidemiologice diagnostice terapeutice si
prognostice privind echinococoza chistică
Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada ianuarie 2007 ndash decembrie 2009 şi a inclus 279 de
persoane simptomatice şi asimptomatice din judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj cu scopul de a stabili prezenţa şi
nivelul anticorpilor antiechinococcus icircn populaţia celor două zone şi implicit a infecției
asimptomatice folosind metoda imunoenzimatică ELISA
6
Pentru confirmarea diagnosticului de chist hidatic depistat prin testări serologice am folosit
următoarele metode imagistice ecografie abdomino-pelviană CT cranian CT torace Rx toracic
Rezultate
Din cele 279 de persoane investigate icircn ambele județe (Cluj şi Sălaj) la 22 pacienți s-a
evidențiat o serologie pozitivă frecvența seropozitivităţii find de 789 (IC= 5 -1169) la lotul
studiatcea ce sugerează infestația hidatica posibila la persoanele seropozitive Adevărata frecvență
a parazitozei este evident mai ridicată deoarece cazurile simptomatice reprezintă doar vacircrful
piramidei infestaţiei icircn timp ce cazurile asimptomatice formează baza nevăzută mult mai mare a
acesteia
Screeningul serologic interprins icircn zona de nord-vest şi centru a ţării arata prezența
infestației cu Egranulosus cu posibilitatea transmiterii sale active Rezultatele obținute
demonstrează procentul mai crescut al persoanelor seropozitive icircn judeţul Cluj și sugerează o
incidență mai crescută a hidatidozei icircn această zonă Această concluzia a fost elaborată ca urmare a
desfășurării unui proiect de cercetare cu titlulbdquoEvaluarea și optimizarea interdisciplinară a metodelor
de screening diagnostic și tratament icircn trichineloza și echinococcoza chistică umană și animală icircn
centrul și nord-vestul Romacircnieirdquo desfășurat icircn perioada 2006 - 2008 la care am participat icircn
calitate de membru
Prin examenul imagistic la 7714 dintre pacienți s-a putut confirma diagnosticul de
hidatidoză prin metode imagistice Pacienții prezentau imagini edificatoare pentru chist hidatic cu
diverse localizari hepatic (6538) pulmonar (588) renal (588) Rezultatele cercetărilor
noastre sugerează că o anumită proporţie din populaţia investigată a fost pozitiva IgG anti-
Echinococcus fără a prezenta icircn organism hidatida decelabila prin metode imagistice
Discuţii
Lipsa cunoştinţelor ignoranţa populaţiei şi chiar a unor specialişti din domeniul sanitar
privind ciclul biologic al speciei E granulosus a gazdelor pe care le are precum şi a riscului pe care
icircl implică un contact stracircns cu gazda definitivă sunt cauze de primă importanţă pentru răspacircndirea cu
uşurinţă a parazitului
Rezultatele obţinute icircn urma acestui studiu concordă cu rezultatele unor studii asemănătoare din
literatura de specialitate efectuate icircn zone endemice pentru echinococcoză chistică umană [3]
Intr-un studiu efectuat pe un lot de persoane asimptomatice la 12 din cazuri ecografia nu
decela formațiune chistică caracteristică chistului hidatic cu toate că testul serologic era pozitiv [7]
STUDIUL II Evaluarea și optimizarea metodelor de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică
Studiul are următoarele scopuri 1 Evaluarea examenului clinic icircn diagnosticul prezumtiv și
evaluarea metodelor imagistice de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică 2 Evaluarea metodei ELISA
Western ndashBlott și a metodelor de laborator pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și imagistic de
chist hidatic 3 Studiul comparativ al metodelor imagistice (ecografie Rx CT RM) cu metodele
serologice (metoda ELISA metoda Western-blott) și evaluarea utilității lor icircn diferențierea
echinococozei chistice și alveolare icircn efectuarea diagnosticului diferențial și interpretarea reacțiilor
icircncrucișate
23 Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada 2006 - 2010 şi a inclus un eşantion reprezentativ de 189
persoane simptomatice cu simptome sugestive sau cu suspiciune imagistică de boală hidatică Au
7
mai fost luate icircn studiu persoane care au suferit intervenție chirurgicală pentru boala hidatică și
persoane care prezentau rezultate de laborator nespecifice dar cu suspiciune de boală parazitară
Am folosit ca material de lucru cazuistica medicală și chirurgicală din Clinicile Medicale și
Chirurgicale din Cluj-Napoca și Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și ambulatorul unei
policlinici private) Tipurile de date colectate folosite icircn acest studiu au fost genul vacircrsta mediul de
proveniență diagnosticul clinic complicațiile chistului hidatic antecedente de chist hidatic
metodele de diagnostic imagistic efectuate (ecografie abdominală Rx pulmonar CT RM
tratamentul chirurgical examenul piesei operatorii histopatologic) analize de laborator localizarea
formațiunilor chistice icircn funcție de segmentația hepatică și icircn funcție de organul afectat metodele
de diagnostic serologic efectuate (metoda imunoenzimatica IgG antiechinococcus ELISA respectiv
metoda IgG echinococcus Western- blot)
24 Rezultate
Din rezultatele obtinute rezultă că nu există o asociere semnificativă icircntre eozinofilie şi
diagnosticul bolii hidatice (pgt005) Totuşi atunci cacircnd eozinofilia este prezentă se constată o
coincidenţă relativ ridicată de 71 (IC=52 - 85) cu diagnosticul de chist hidatic
Analiza statistică a corelației dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic cu rezultatele obţinute
pe baza confirmării chirurgicale şi paraclinice a evidentiat o sensibilitate de 9689 a examenului
imagistic specificitatea fiind 100 din punct de vedere statistic ele nu diferă semnificativ Valoarea
diagnostică a examenului imagistic este dată icircnsă de valoarea predictivă pozitivă (VPP) şi respectiv
negativă (VPN) ambele fiind peste 84 cu toate că VPN este semnificativ statistic mai mică decacirct
VPP
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG antiechinococcus ELISA icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică și paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic evidentiaza o
Specificitate de 9643 şi VPP de 9919 Acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
metoda ELISA este un bun test de screening
Comparativ cu examenele imagistic ecografic sau CT IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are un
indice Youden mai mic Prin urmare din acest punct de vedere IgG antiechinococcus ELISA pare a fi
un test diagnostic mai puțin concludent decacirct examenele imagistice menţionate Pe de altă parte
comparacircnd intervalele de icircncredere la indicatorii Specificitate VPP la examenele imagistice (global
ecografic CT) şi IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se constată că nu diferă semnificativ statistic
Rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se asociază
semnificativ Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de
contingenţă Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele
ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
concordanţă Kappa = 0522 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă
moderată
Tehnica imunoblot este un puternic test de confirmare și de diagnostic serologic diferenţial
icircntre cele două infectii majore relevante echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară [8]
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG echinococcus Western Blot icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică şi paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic a relevat o Specificitate
de100 şi o valoare predictiva pozitiva de100 acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
testul de detectare a IgG echinococcus Western Blot este un bun test de screening
Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de contingenţă
Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG
echinococcus Western blot este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
8
concordanţă Kappa = 0861 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă foarte
bună
25 Discutii
Evaluarea eozinofiliei ca marker diagnostic icircn echinococoza chistică a permis unor autorii
să afirme că eozinofilia nu este un indicator suficient pentru stabilirea diagnosticului de
echinococoză chistică fiind necesar și un diagnostic complementar clinic [9]
Sensibilitatea și specificitatea ecografiei a fost raportată icircn mai multe studii din literatură ca
fiind icircntre 88 ndash 98 și respectiv 95 ndash 100 pentru echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară
umană Autorii o considera rdquogolden standardrdquo deși recunosc imperfecțiunea acestei tehnici
Examenul clinic examenul de laborator și datele epidemiologice sunt considerate deasemenea
importante pentru diagnosticul echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare [10
]
Testele serologice contribuie la diagnostic detecţia anticorpilor IgG a avut o sensibilitate
de 95 și o specificitate de 94 icircntr-un studiu efectuat de Shambesh MA și colaboratorii [11
]
Sensibilitatea obţinută de Shambesh este semnificativ mai ridicată decacirct cea determinată icircn studiul
nostru care raportează o sensibilitate de 764 cu IC= 6907-8272 Icircn schimb specificitatea
nu diferă semnificativ statistic de cea obţinută icircn studiul nostru (9643 IC=8165-9991)
Infecţiile echinococice sunt considerate unele dintre cele mai periculoase boli helmintice
umane Deosebirea icircntre echinococoza chistică și alveolară este importantă din punct de vedere al
prognosticului și tratamentului
In diferite stadii ale echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare testul cel mai relevant
s-a apreciat a fi testul Western blot IgG echinococus care a confirmat rezultatele pozitive [12
]
Cercetările efectuate cu scopul de a evidenţia prezenţa IgG echinococcus prin metoda
Western blot raportată la metoda de aur considerată (confirmarea chirurgicală histopatologică și
diagnostic paraclinic) au demonstrat o sensibilitate de 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834)
specificitatea fiind de 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) date care sunt asemănătoare celor icircntacirclnite icircn
literatura de specialitate
Icircn majoritatea ţărilor echinococoza alveolară a căpătat deja un caracter endemic şi este icircn
curs de extindere continuă cu o rapiditate alarmantă devenind o boală emergentă
Parazitul adult Emultilocularis nu a fost depistat icircn Romacircnia pacircnă icircn prezent la nici o gazdă
definitivă [13
]
Studiul efectuat a relevat prin metoda Western blot pentru prima dată icircn țara noastră
existența probabilității infecției cu Echinococcus multilocularis la om Sunt necesare studii
ulterioare pentru depistarea persoanelor cu echinococoză alveolară existente icircn Romania icircn
condițiile existenței acesteia icircn numeroase țări din Europa inclusiv cele vecine Romacircniei (Ungaria
Ucraina) Centralizacircnd cercetările recente privind situația epidemiologică problemele clinice și
opțiunile terapeutice autorii au descris primul caz de echinococoză alveolară icircn Ungaria Pentru
confirmarea acestei infecții rare trebuie să fie luat icircn considerare diagnosticul diferenţial cu alte
leziuni hepatice infiltrative [14
]
Nu a fost raportat nici un caz la nivelul Romacircniei prin alte studii Recomandăm
introducerea acestei metode icircn screeningul și diagnosticul acestei boli grave
Icircn icircncercarea de a compara metodele folosite pentru diagnosticarea chistului hidatic și a
rezultatelor obţinute prin aceste metode putem afirma că testul Western blot IgG echinococcus este
cel mai sensibil pentru a preciza un diagnostic etiologic
9
REFERINTE
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection icircn the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in
Cluj county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev
Scientia Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of
techniques for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis
icircn Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young
University Pris Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9
nr 2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz
2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and
abdominal ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey
Turk J Med Sci 391 1-4
8 Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species
differentiation by a new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9 Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil counts Turkiye Parazitol Derg
200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community
based ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003
Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An
extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic
echinococcosis icircn northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative
study with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă
icircn Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg
Deacutenes Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete
Beeacuterkezett 2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
10
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Nume Ciobanca
2 Prenume Petrica Teofil
3 Data şi locul naşterii 25111979 Localitatea Zalau judetul Salaj
4 Cetăţenie Romana
5 Stare civilă Casatorit
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mail petrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studii
Instituţia Universitatea
de Vest bdquoVasile
Goldisrdquo Arad
Universitatea de
Medicina si
FarmacierdquoIuliu
Hatieganurdquo Cluj
Napoca
Universitate
de Medicina
rdquoCarol
Davilardquo
Bucuresti
Universitatea
de medicina si
Farmacierdquo
Iuliu
Hatieganurdquo
Cluj Napoca
Liceul Teoretic
Zalau -Sectia
Matematica-
Fizica
Perioada Octombrie
2004 -
Iunie 2005
Ianuarie2005-
februarie2005
Ianuarie 2005-
Martie 2005
Octombrie
1998-
Septembrie
2004
Septembrie
1994 -
Iulie 1998
Grade sau
diplome
obţinute
Diploma de
Master in
Managementul
Financiar
Contabil si
Juridic al
Firmelor
Certificat de
Absolvire curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala modul I
Certificat de
Absolvire
curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala
modulul II
Diploma de
Licenta
Medicina
Generala
Diploma de
Bacalaureat
8 Titlul ştiinţific Medic Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa
9 Experienţa profesională
Perioada Functia Responsabilitati
01 11 2005 -
prezent
-Asistent Universitar
-Medic Rezident Medicina de
Laborator
-Doctorand cu frecventa
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Activitate didactica in Microbiologie
(Bacteriologie Parazitologie
Virusologie Micologie) cu studentii
anului II III Medicina Generala
Farmacie Colegii Medicale in cadrul
UMF bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo
-Stagii in activitatea de rezidentiat
-activitate de cercetare
01012006 ndash
prezent
-Medic generalist SALVO- SAN
-practica medicala in medicina generala
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Practica medicala examinari clinice pre
si post operatorii
-managerul echipei de resuscitare in caz
de urgenta
15012007 ndash
14112007
Medic Rezident Medicina de
familie Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta
Cluj Napoca
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
4
INTRODUCERE
Echinococozahidatidoza (boala hidatică sau chistul hidatic) este o boală parazitară cauzată
de genul Echinococcus care poate evolua cu cele mai severe și variate implicații In ciuda
progreselor din domeniile de supraveghere şi control această parazitoză continuă să reprezinte o
problemă importantă de sănătate publică icircn cele mai multe părţi ale lumii [2]
Conform clasificării OMS boala este o zoonoză care ridică numeroase probleme de
sănătate atacirct icircn ceea ce priveşte omul cacirct şi animalele deoarece paraziţii cauzali pentru a icircncheia
ciclul lor biologic trec prin mai multe gazde animale vertebrate (de exemplu cacircini pentru oameni)
Datorită prevalenţei ridicate formelor clinico-evolutive severe complicaţiilor morfo-
funcţionale cu mortalitate primaratilde sau secundaratilde ridicatatilde boala este frecvent icircntacirclnită atat icircn mediul
rural cat şi in mediul urban la toate grupele de vacircrstă prevalenţă alarmantă la tineri şi la grupe de
risc profesional [1]
In zona ţării noastre patologia hidatică are o frecvență destul de ridicată zona de nord-vest a
Transilvaniei fiind descrisă ca zonă endemică cu o cazuistică importantă [3] medicina clujeană
avand o importantă experienţă icircn diagnosticul şi tratamentul chistului hidatic
Icircn pofida realizărilor icircnregistrate icircn ultimul timp icircn diagnosticul și terapia echinococozei
umane aceasta deţine icircncă un loc important icircn structura morbidităţii şi mortalităţii icircn serviciile
chirurgicale
Cea ce face utilă prezentarea unor date succinte asupra aspectelor variate pe care boala hidatică le
poate lua icircn evoluţie din punct de vedere clinic imagistic serologic și evaluarea importanței
acestora icircn recunoașterea și diagnosticarea precoce a bolii
PARTEA I STADIUL ACTUAL AL CUNOAȘTERII
Capitolul 1 Genul Echinococcus
Parazitul responsabil de producerea hidatidozei umane este un plathelmint care face parte
din clasa cestode (Eucestode) familia Teniidae Genul Echinococcus Speciile din genul
Echinoccocus considerate agenți etiologici ai echinococozeihidatidozei după experţii OMS sunt
urmatoarele
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - echinococoza chistică
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash echinococoza alveolară
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) - echinococoza polichistică
S-a mai pus problema existenţei celei de-a cincea specii Ecruzi (Rausch şi col ndash 1978
Kumaratilake şi Thompson ndash 1982) dar Rausch şi col (1984) comparacircnd caracterele acesteia cu
Evogeli şi Eoligarthus au observat că de fapt E cruzi este sinonim cu E oligarthus
Distribuţia geografică a hidatidozei urmează fidel curba dezvoltării crescătorilor de oi şi este
determinată de promiscuitatea pastorală fapt ce l-a determinat pe Deve să afirme că ldquoboala hidatică
este una din bolile macircinilor murdareldquo
Larga varietate de specii de animale care pot fi gazde intermediare şi deplasarea acestora din
Europa icircn alte părţi ale lumii a făcut ca Echinococcus să fie răspacircndit pe icircntreg globul
In anul 2009 ECDC a raportat 790 de cazuri de echinococoză umană cu 11 mai puţine
decacirct icircn 2008 (n= 891) Printre cazurile declarate icircn care se cunoaşte specia infestantă a
predominat infestaţia cu Egranulosus (72) icircn timp ce infestaţia cu Emultilocularis a fost raportată
ca avacircnd o frecvență de 3 ori mai mică [4]
5
CAPITOLUL 2 CHISTUL HIDATIC
Chistul hidatic este o boală adesea invalidizantă cu complicații posibile și adesea severe
(şoc anafilactic) cu o terapie chirurgicală de multe ori dificilă cu recidive postoperatorii frecvente
Manifestările clinice datorate complicaţiilor instalate prin mecanismele menţionate apar cacircnd
dimensiunile chistului hidatic devin apreciabile
Tabloul clinic al chistului hidatic este puțin caracteristic Foarte adesea el este complet
asimptomatic fiind descoperit icircntacircmplător Alteori pacienții acuză jenă icircn hipocondrul drept sau
chiar durere intensă Reacțiile alergice sunt destul de frecvente mergacircnd de la o reacție urticariană
pacircnă la alergodermie sau chiar șoc anafilactic (icircn general icircn caz de fisurare sau chiar ruperea
chistului hidatic)
Evidențierea morfologică a chisturilor hidatice se poate face prin radiografie toracică
ecografie tomografie computerizată (CT) și rezonantă magnetică (MR)
Pentru diagnosticul hidatidozei umane metodele imagistice se completează cu reacțiile
de imunodiagnostic care au drept scop confirmarea etiologiei parazitare a formațiunilor decelate prin
răspunsul imun indus Icircn ultimii ani există o tendință de stadializare a dignosticului imunologic find
folosite mai intai teste primare care urmeaza sa fie confirmate prin alte metode care prezinta o
specificitate deosebit de ridicata(teste secundare) [5]
Managementul modern al chistului hidatic solicită participarea tuturor modalităților
terapeutice medicala percutana și chirurgicala Chirurgia nu mai este tratamentul de primă elecție
pentru orice chist hidatic hepatic La pacienții cu chist univezicular mai mic de 4 cm terapia de
elecție este monoterapia cu albendazol
PAIR este indicată cacircnd durerea este netratabilă sau albendazolul nu dă rezultate
Tratamentul percutan combină alcool și polidocanol dar nu poate fi utilizat icircn cazurile cu fistulă
chistobiliară
Chirurgia este utilizată icircn cazurile icircn care nu există experți icircn terapia percutană si
tratamentul percutan nu poate fi efectuat icircn deplină siguranță datorita unei extensii extrahepatice
semnificativă cu risc de perforație a chistului sausi icircn cazul rupturii chistului icircn cavitatea peritoneală
[6]
PARTEA II CERCETARI PERSONALE
STUDIUL 1 Aplicabilitatea metodelor serologice icircn diagnosticul terapia și profilaxia bolii
hidatice umane
Scopul acestui studiu a fost efectuarea și evaluarea unor teste serologice (metoda ELISA) ca
metode screening și de diagnostic a echinococozei chistice Testele au fost efectuate la persoanele
simptomatice și asimptomatice din judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj pentru aprecierea frecvenței afecțiunii icircn
aceste județe Persoanelor cărora li s-au detectat anticorpi IgG antiechinococcus li s-au efectuat
examinări imagistice pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și serologic de chist hidatic
Aceste examinări au permis elucidarea aspectelor epidemiologice diagnostice terapeutice si
prognostice privind echinococoza chistică
Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada ianuarie 2007 ndash decembrie 2009 şi a inclus 279 de
persoane simptomatice şi asimptomatice din judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj cu scopul de a stabili prezenţa şi
nivelul anticorpilor antiechinococcus icircn populaţia celor două zone şi implicit a infecției
asimptomatice folosind metoda imunoenzimatică ELISA
6
Pentru confirmarea diagnosticului de chist hidatic depistat prin testări serologice am folosit
următoarele metode imagistice ecografie abdomino-pelviană CT cranian CT torace Rx toracic
Rezultate
Din cele 279 de persoane investigate icircn ambele județe (Cluj şi Sălaj) la 22 pacienți s-a
evidențiat o serologie pozitivă frecvența seropozitivităţii find de 789 (IC= 5 -1169) la lotul
studiatcea ce sugerează infestația hidatica posibila la persoanele seropozitive Adevărata frecvență
a parazitozei este evident mai ridicată deoarece cazurile simptomatice reprezintă doar vacircrful
piramidei infestaţiei icircn timp ce cazurile asimptomatice formează baza nevăzută mult mai mare a
acesteia
Screeningul serologic interprins icircn zona de nord-vest şi centru a ţării arata prezența
infestației cu Egranulosus cu posibilitatea transmiterii sale active Rezultatele obținute
demonstrează procentul mai crescut al persoanelor seropozitive icircn judeţul Cluj și sugerează o
incidență mai crescută a hidatidozei icircn această zonă Această concluzia a fost elaborată ca urmare a
desfășurării unui proiect de cercetare cu titlulbdquoEvaluarea și optimizarea interdisciplinară a metodelor
de screening diagnostic și tratament icircn trichineloza și echinococcoza chistică umană și animală icircn
centrul și nord-vestul Romacircnieirdquo desfășurat icircn perioada 2006 - 2008 la care am participat icircn
calitate de membru
Prin examenul imagistic la 7714 dintre pacienți s-a putut confirma diagnosticul de
hidatidoză prin metode imagistice Pacienții prezentau imagini edificatoare pentru chist hidatic cu
diverse localizari hepatic (6538) pulmonar (588) renal (588) Rezultatele cercetărilor
noastre sugerează că o anumită proporţie din populaţia investigată a fost pozitiva IgG anti-
Echinococcus fără a prezenta icircn organism hidatida decelabila prin metode imagistice
Discuţii
Lipsa cunoştinţelor ignoranţa populaţiei şi chiar a unor specialişti din domeniul sanitar
privind ciclul biologic al speciei E granulosus a gazdelor pe care le are precum şi a riscului pe care
icircl implică un contact stracircns cu gazda definitivă sunt cauze de primă importanţă pentru răspacircndirea cu
uşurinţă a parazitului
Rezultatele obţinute icircn urma acestui studiu concordă cu rezultatele unor studii asemănătoare din
literatura de specialitate efectuate icircn zone endemice pentru echinococcoză chistică umană [3]
Intr-un studiu efectuat pe un lot de persoane asimptomatice la 12 din cazuri ecografia nu
decela formațiune chistică caracteristică chistului hidatic cu toate că testul serologic era pozitiv [7]
STUDIUL II Evaluarea și optimizarea metodelor de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică
Studiul are următoarele scopuri 1 Evaluarea examenului clinic icircn diagnosticul prezumtiv și
evaluarea metodelor imagistice de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică 2 Evaluarea metodei ELISA
Western ndashBlott și a metodelor de laborator pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și imagistic de
chist hidatic 3 Studiul comparativ al metodelor imagistice (ecografie Rx CT RM) cu metodele
serologice (metoda ELISA metoda Western-blott) și evaluarea utilității lor icircn diferențierea
echinococozei chistice și alveolare icircn efectuarea diagnosticului diferențial și interpretarea reacțiilor
icircncrucișate
23 Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada 2006 - 2010 şi a inclus un eşantion reprezentativ de 189
persoane simptomatice cu simptome sugestive sau cu suspiciune imagistică de boală hidatică Au
7
mai fost luate icircn studiu persoane care au suferit intervenție chirurgicală pentru boala hidatică și
persoane care prezentau rezultate de laborator nespecifice dar cu suspiciune de boală parazitară
Am folosit ca material de lucru cazuistica medicală și chirurgicală din Clinicile Medicale și
Chirurgicale din Cluj-Napoca și Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și ambulatorul unei
policlinici private) Tipurile de date colectate folosite icircn acest studiu au fost genul vacircrsta mediul de
proveniență diagnosticul clinic complicațiile chistului hidatic antecedente de chist hidatic
metodele de diagnostic imagistic efectuate (ecografie abdominală Rx pulmonar CT RM
tratamentul chirurgical examenul piesei operatorii histopatologic) analize de laborator localizarea
formațiunilor chistice icircn funcție de segmentația hepatică și icircn funcție de organul afectat metodele
de diagnostic serologic efectuate (metoda imunoenzimatica IgG antiechinococcus ELISA respectiv
metoda IgG echinococcus Western- blot)
24 Rezultate
Din rezultatele obtinute rezultă că nu există o asociere semnificativă icircntre eozinofilie şi
diagnosticul bolii hidatice (pgt005) Totuşi atunci cacircnd eozinofilia este prezentă se constată o
coincidenţă relativ ridicată de 71 (IC=52 - 85) cu diagnosticul de chist hidatic
Analiza statistică a corelației dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic cu rezultatele obţinute
pe baza confirmării chirurgicale şi paraclinice a evidentiat o sensibilitate de 9689 a examenului
imagistic specificitatea fiind 100 din punct de vedere statistic ele nu diferă semnificativ Valoarea
diagnostică a examenului imagistic este dată icircnsă de valoarea predictivă pozitivă (VPP) şi respectiv
negativă (VPN) ambele fiind peste 84 cu toate că VPN este semnificativ statistic mai mică decacirct
VPP
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG antiechinococcus ELISA icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică și paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic evidentiaza o
Specificitate de 9643 şi VPP de 9919 Acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
metoda ELISA este un bun test de screening
Comparativ cu examenele imagistic ecografic sau CT IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are un
indice Youden mai mic Prin urmare din acest punct de vedere IgG antiechinococcus ELISA pare a fi
un test diagnostic mai puțin concludent decacirct examenele imagistice menţionate Pe de altă parte
comparacircnd intervalele de icircncredere la indicatorii Specificitate VPP la examenele imagistice (global
ecografic CT) şi IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se constată că nu diferă semnificativ statistic
Rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se asociază
semnificativ Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de
contingenţă Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele
ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
concordanţă Kappa = 0522 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă
moderată
Tehnica imunoblot este un puternic test de confirmare și de diagnostic serologic diferenţial
icircntre cele două infectii majore relevante echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară [8]
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG echinococcus Western Blot icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică şi paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic a relevat o Specificitate
de100 şi o valoare predictiva pozitiva de100 acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
testul de detectare a IgG echinococcus Western Blot este un bun test de screening
Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de contingenţă
Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG
echinococcus Western blot este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
8
concordanţă Kappa = 0861 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă foarte
bună
25 Discutii
Evaluarea eozinofiliei ca marker diagnostic icircn echinococoza chistică a permis unor autorii
să afirme că eozinofilia nu este un indicator suficient pentru stabilirea diagnosticului de
echinococoză chistică fiind necesar și un diagnostic complementar clinic [9]
Sensibilitatea și specificitatea ecografiei a fost raportată icircn mai multe studii din literatură ca
fiind icircntre 88 ndash 98 și respectiv 95 ndash 100 pentru echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară
umană Autorii o considera rdquogolden standardrdquo deși recunosc imperfecțiunea acestei tehnici
Examenul clinic examenul de laborator și datele epidemiologice sunt considerate deasemenea
importante pentru diagnosticul echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare [10
]
Testele serologice contribuie la diagnostic detecţia anticorpilor IgG a avut o sensibilitate
de 95 și o specificitate de 94 icircntr-un studiu efectuat de Shambesh MA și colaboratorii [11
]
Sensibilitatea obţinută de Shambesh este semnificativ mai ridicată decacirct cea determinată icircn studiul
nostru care raportează o sensibilitate de 764 cu IC= 6907-8272 Icircn schimb specificitatea
nu diferă semnificativ statistic de cea obţinută icircn studiul nostru (9643 IC=8165-9991)
Infecţiile echinococice sunt considerate unele dintre cele mai periculoase boli helmintice
umane Deosebirea icircntre echinococoza chistică și alveolară este importantă din punct de vedere al
prognosticului și tratamentului
In diferite stadii ale echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare testul cel mai relevant
s-a apreciat a fi testul Western blot IgG echinococus care a confirmat rezultatele pozitive [12
]
Cercetările efectuate cu scopul de a evidenţia prezenţa IgG echinococcus prin metoda
Western blot raportată la metoda de aur considerată (confirmarea chirurgicală histopatologică și
diagnostic paraclinic) au demonstrat o sensibilitate de 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834)
specificitatea fiind de 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) date care sunt asemănătoare celor icircntacirclnite icircn
literatura de specialitate
Icircn majoritatea ţărilor echinococoza alveolară a căpătat deja un caracter endemic şi este icircn
curs de extindere continuă cu o rapiditate alarmantă devenind o boală emergentă
Parazitul adult Emultilocularis nu a fost depistat icircn Romacircnia pacircnă icircn prezent la nici o gazdă
definitivă [13
]
Studiul efectuat a relevat prin metoda Western blot pentru prima dată icircn țara noastră
existența probabilității infecției cu Echinococcus multilocularis la om Sunt necesare studii
ulterioare pentru depistarea persoanelor cu echinococoză alveolară existente icircn Romania icircn
condițiile existenței acesteia icircn numeroase țări din Europa inclusiv cele vecine Romacircniei (Ungaria
Ucraina) Centralizacircnd cercetările recente privind situația epidemiologică problemele clinice și
opțiunile terapeutice autorii au descris primul caz de echinococoză alveolară icircn Ungaria Pentru
confirmarea acestei infecții rare trebuie să fie luat icircn considerare diagnosticul diferenţial cu alte
leziuni hepatice infiltrative [14
]
Nu a fost raportat nici un caz la nivelul Romacircniei prin alte studii Recomandăm
introducerea acestei metode icircn screeningul și diagnosticul acestei boli grave
Icircn icircncercarea de a compara metodele folosite pentru diagnosticarea chistului hidatic și a
rezultatelor obţinute prin aceste metode putem afirma că testul Western blot IgG echinococcus este
cel mai sensibil pentru a preciza un diagnostic etiologic
9
REFERINTE
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection icircn the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in
Cluj county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev
Scientia Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of
techniques for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis
icircn Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young
University Pris Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9
nr 2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz
2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and
abdominal ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey
Turk J Med Sci 391 1-4
8 Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species
differentiation by a new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9 Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil counts Turkiye Parazitol Derg
200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community
based ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003
Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An
extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic
echinococcosis icircn northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative
study with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă
icircn Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg
Deacutenes Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete
Beeacuterkezett 2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
10
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Nume Ciobanca
2 Prenume Petrica Teofil
3 Data şi locul naşterii 25111979 Localitatea Zalau judetul Salaj
4 Cetăţenie Romana
5 Stare civilă Casatorit
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mail petrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studii
Instituţia Universitatea
de Vest bdquoVasile
Goldisrdquo Arad
Universitatea de
Medicina si
FarmacierdquoIuliu
Hatieganurdquo Cluj
Napoca
Universitate
de Medicina
rdquoCarol
Davilardquo
Bucuresti
Universitatea
de medicina si
Farmacierdquo
Iuliu
Hatieganurdquo
Cluj Napoca
Liceul Teoretic
Zalau -Sectia
Matematica-
Fizica
Perioada Octombrie
2004 -
Iunie 2005
Ianuarie2005-
februarie2005
Ianuarie 2005-
Martie 2005
Octombrie
1998-
Septembrie
2004
Septembrie
1994 -
Iulie 1998
Grade sau
diplome
obţinute
Diploma de
Master in
Managementul
Financiar
Contabil si
Juridic al
Firmelor
Certificat de
Absolvire curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala modul I
Certificat de
Absolvire
curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala
modulul II
Diploma de
Licenta
Medicina
Generala
Diploma de
Bacalaureat
8 Titlul ştiinţific Medic Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa
9 Experienţa profesională
Perioada Functia Responsabilitati
01 11 2005 -
prezent
-Asistent Universitar
-Medic Rezident Medicina de
Laborator
-Doctorand cu frecventa
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Activitate didactica in Microbiologie
(Bacteriologie Parazitologie
Virusologie Micologie) cu studentii
anului II III Medicina Generala
Farmacie Colegii Medicale in cadrul
UMF bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo
-Stagii in activitatea de rezidentiat
-activitate de cercetare
01012006 ndash
prezent
-Medic generalist SALVO- SAN
-practica medicala in medicina generala
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Practica medicala examinari clinice pre
si post operatorii
-managerul echipei de resuscitare in caz
de urgenta
15012007 ndash
14112007
Medic Rezident Medicina de
familie Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta
Cluj Napoca
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
5
CAPITOLUL 2 CHISTUL HIDATIC
Chistul hidatic este o boală adesea invalidizantă cu complicații posibile și adesea severe
(şoc anafilactic) cu o terapie chirurgicală de multe ori dificilă cu recidive postoperatorii frecvente
Manifestările clinice datorate complicaţiilor instalate prin mecanismele menţionate apar cacircnd
dimensiunile chistului hidatic devin apreciabile
Tabloul clinic al chistului hidatic este puțin caracteristic Foarte adesea el este complet
asimptomatic fiind descoperit icircntacircmplător Alteori pacienții acuză jenă icircn hipocondrul drept sau
chiar durere intensă Reacțiile alergice sunt destul de frecvente mergacircnd de la o reacție urticariană
pacircnă la alergodermie sau chiar șoc anafilactic (icircn general icircn caz de fisurare sau chiar ruperea
chistului hidatic)
Evidențierea morfologică a chisturilor hidatice se poate face prin radiografie toracică
ecografie tomografie computerizată (CT) și rezonantă magnetică (MR)
Pentru diagnosticul hidatidozei umane metodele imagistice se completează cu reacțiile
de imunodiagnostic care au drept scop confirmarea etiologiei parazitare a formațiunilor decelate prin
răspunsul imun indus Icircn ultimii ani există o tendință de stadializare a dignosticului imunologic find
folosite mai intai teste primare care urmeaza sa fie confirmate prin alte metode care prezinta o
specificitate deosebit de ridicata(teste secundare) [5]
Managementul modern al chistului hidatic solicită participarea tuturor modalităților
terapeutice medicala percutana și chirurgicala Chirurgia nu mai este tratamentul de primă elecție
pentru orice chist hidatic hepatic La pacienții cu chist univezicular mai mic de 4 cm terapia de
elecție este monoterapia cu albendazol
PAIR este indicată cacircnd durerea este netratabilă sau albendazolul nu dă rezultate
Tratamentul percutan combină alcool și polidocanol dar nu poate fi utilizat icircn cazurile cu fistulă
chistobiliară
Chirurgia este utilizată icircn cazurile icircn care nu există experți icircn terapia percutană si
tratamentul percutan nu poate fi efectuat icircn deplină siguranță datorita unei extensii extrahepatice
semnificativă cu risc de perforație a chistului sausi icircn cazul rupturii chistului icircn cavitatea peritoneală
[6]
PARTEA II CERCETARI PERSONALE
STUDIUL 1 Aplicabilitatea metodelor serologice icircn diagnosticul terapia și profilaxia bolii
hidatice umane
Scopul acestui studiu a fost efectuarea și evaluarea unor teste serologice (metoda ELISA) ca
metode screening și de diagnostic a echinococozei chistice Testele au fost efectuate la persoanele
simptomatice și asimptomatice din judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj pentru aprecierea frecvenței afecțiunii icircn
aceste județe Persoanelor cărora li s-au detectat anticorpi IgG antiechinococcus li s-au efectuat
examinări imagistice pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și serologic de chist hidatic
Aceste examinări au permis elucidarea aspectelor epidemiologice diagnostice terapeutice si
prognostice privind echinococoza chistică
Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada ianuarie 2007 ndash decembrie 2009 şi a inclus 279 de
persoane simptomatice şi asimptomatice din judeţele Cluj şi Sălaj cu scopul de a stabili prezenţa şi
nivelul anticorpilor antiechinococcus icircn populaţia celor două zone şi implicit a infecției
asimptomatice folosind metoda imunoenzimatică ELISA
6
Pentru confirmarea diagnosticului de chist hidatic depistat prin testări serologice am folosit
următoarele metode imagistice ecografie abdomino-pelviană CT cranian CT torace Rx toracic
Rezultate
Din cele 279 de persoane investigate icircn ambele județe (Cluj şi Sălaj) la 22 pacienți s-a
evidențiat o serologie pozitivă frecvența seropozitivităţii find de 789 (IC= 5 -1169) la lotul
studiatcea ce sugerează infestația hidatica posibila la persoanele seropozitive Adevărata frecvență
a parazitozei este evident mai ridicată deoarece cazurile simptomatice reprezintă doar vacircrful
piramidei infestaţiei icircn timp ce cazurile asimptomatice formează baza nevăzută mult mai mare a
acesteia
Screeningul serologic interprins icircn zona de nord-vest şi centru a ţării arata prezența
infestației cu Egranulosus cu posibilitatea transmiterii sale active Rezultatele obținute
demonstrează procentul mai crescut al persoanelor seropozitive icircn judeţul Cluj și sugerează o
incidență mai crescută a hidatidozei icircn această zonă Această concluzia a fost elaborată ca urmare a
desfășurării unui proiect de cercetare cu titlulbdquoEvaluarea și optimizarea interdisciplinară a metodelor
de screening diagnostic și tratament icircn trichineloza și echinococcoza chistică umană și animală icircn
centrul și nord-vestul Romacircnieirdquo desfășurat icircn perioada 2006 - 2008 la care am participat icircn
calitate de membru
Prin examenul imagistic la 7714 dintre pacienți s-a putut confirma diagnosticul de
hidatidoză prin metode imagistice Pacienții prezentau imagini edificatoare pentru chist hidatic cu
diverse localizari hepatic (6538) pulmonar (588) renal (588) Rezultatele cercetărilor
noastre sugerează că o anumită proporţie din populaţia investigată a fost pozitiva IgG anti-
Echinococcus fără a prezenta icircn organism hidatida decelabila prin metode imagistice
Discuţii
Lipsa cunoştinţelor ignoranţa populaţiei şi chiar a unor specialişti din domeniul sanitar
privind ciclul biologic al speciei E granulosus a gazdelor pe care le are precum şi a riscului pe care
icircl implică un contact stracircns cu gazda definitivă sunt cauze de primă importanţă pentru răspacircndirea cu
uşurinţă a parazitului
Rezultatele obţinute icircn urma acestui studiu concordă cu rezultatele unor studii asemănătoare din
literatura de specialitate efectuate icircn zone endemice pentru echinococcoză chistică umană [3]
Intr-un studiu efectuat pe un lot de persoane asimptomatice la 12 din cazuri ecografia nu
decela formațiune chistică caracteristică chistului hidatic cu toate că testul serologic era pozitiv [7]
STUDIUL II Evaluarea și optimizarea metodelor de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică
Studiul are următoarele scopuri 1 Evaluarea examenului clinic icircn diagnosticul prezumtiv și
evaluarea metodelor imagistice de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică 2 Evaluarea metodei ELISA
Western ndashBlott și a metodelor de laborator pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și imagistic de
chist hidatic 3 Studiul comparativ al metodelor imagistice (ecografie Rx CT RM) cu metodele
serologice (metoda ELISA metoda Western-blott) și evaluarea utilității lor icircn diferențierea
echinococozei chistice și alveolare icircn efectuarea diagnosticului diferențial și interpretarea reacțiilor
icircncrucișate
23 Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada 2006 - 2010 şi a inclus un eşantion reprezentativ de 189
persoane simptomatice cu simptome sugestive sau cu suspiciune imagistică de boală hidatică Au
7
mai fost luate icircn studiu persoane care au suferit intervenție chirurgicală pentru boala hidatică și
persoane care prezentau rezultate de laborator nespecifice dar cu suspiciune de boală parazitară
Am folosit ca material de lucru cazuistica medicală și chirurgicală din Clinicile Medicale și
Chirurgicale din Cluj-Napoca și Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și ambulatorul unei
policlinici private) Tipurile de date colectate folosite icircn acest studiu au fost genul vacircrsta mediul de
proveniență diagnosticul clinic complicațiile chistului hidatic antecedente de chist hidatic
metodele de diagnostic imagistic efectuate (ecografie abdominală Rx pulmonar CT RM
tratamentul chirurgical examenul piesei operatorii histopatologic) analize de laborator localizarea
formațiunilor chistice icircn funcție de segmentația hepatică și icircn funcție de organul afectat metodele
de diagnostic serologic efectuate (metoda imunoenzimatica IgG antiechinococcus ELISA respectiv
metoda IgG echinococcus Western- blot)
24 Rezultate
Din rezultatele obtinute rezultă că nu există o asociere semnificativă icircntre eozinofilie şi
diagnosticul bolii hidatice (pgt005) Totuşi atunci cacircnd eozinofilia este prezentă se constată o
coincidenţă relativ ridicată de 71 (IC=52 - 85) cu diagnosticul de chist hidatic
Analiza statistică a corelației dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic cu rezultatele obţinute
pe baza confirmării chirurgicale şi paraclinice a evidentiat o sensibilitate de 9689 a examenului
imagistic specificitatea fiind 100 din punct de vedere statistic ele nu diferă semnificativ Valoarea
diagnostică a examenului imagistic este dată icircnsă de valoarea predictivă pozitivă (VPP) şi respectiv
negativă (VPN) ambele fiind peste 84 cu toate că VPN este semnificativ statistic mai mică decacirct
VPP
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG antiechinococcus ELISA icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică și paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic evidentiaza o
Specificitate de 9643 şi VPP de 9919 Acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
metoda ELISA este un bun test de screening
Comparativ cu examenele imagistic ecografic sau CT IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are un
indice Youden mai mic Prin urmare din acest punct de vedere IgG antiechinococcus ELISA pare a fi
un test diagnostic mai puțin concludent decacirct examenele imagistice menţionate Pe de altă parte
comparacircnd intervalele de icircncredere la indicatorii Specificitate VPP la examenele imagistice (global
ecografic CT) şi IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se constată că nu diferă semnificativ statistic
Rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se asociază
semnificativ Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de
contingenţă Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele
ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
concordanţă Kappa = 0522 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă
moderată
Tehnica imunoblot este un puternic test de confirmare și de diagnostic serologic diferenţial
icircntre cele două infectii majore relevante echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară [8]
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG echinococcus Western Blot icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică şi paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic a relevat o Specificitate
de100 şi o valoare predictiva pozitiva de100 acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
testul de detectare a IgG echinococcus Western Blot este un bun test de screening
Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de contingenţă
Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG
echinococcus Western blot este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
8
concordanţă Kappa = 0861 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă foarte
bună
25 Discutii
Evaluarea eozinofiliei ca marker diagnostic icircn echinococoza chistică a permis unor autorii
să afirme că eozinofilia nu este un indicator suficient pentru stabilirea diagnosticului de
echinococoză chistică fiind necesar și un diagnostic complementar clinic [9]
Sensibilitatea și specificitatea ecografiei a fost raportată icircn mai multe studii din literatură ca
fiind icircntre 88 ndash 98 și respectiv 95 ndash 100 pentru echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară
umană Autorii o considera rdquogolden standardrdquo deși recunosc imperfecțiunea acestei tehnici
Examenul clinic examenul de laborator și datele epidemiologice sunt considerate deasemenea
importante pentru diagnosticul echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare [10
]
Testele serologice contribuie la diagnostic detecţia anticorpilor IgG a avut o sensibilitate
de 95 și o specificitate de 94 icircntr-un studiu efectuat de Shambesh MA și colaboratorii [11
]
Sensibilitatea obţinută de Shambesh este semnificativ mai ridicată decacirct cea determinată icircn studiul
nostru care raportează o sensibilitate de 764 cu IC= 6907-8272 Icircn schimb specificitatea
nu diferă semnificativ statistic de cea obţinută icircn studiul nostru (9643 IC=8165-9991)
Infecţiile echinococice sunt considerate unele dintre cele mai periculoase boli helmintice
umane Deosebirea icircntre echinococoza chistică și alveolară este importantă din punct de vedere al
prognosticului și tratamentului
In diferite stadii ale echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare testul cel mai relevant
s-a apreciat a fi testul Western blot IgG echinococus care a confirmat rezultatele pozitive [12
]
Cercetările efectuate cu scopul de a evidenţia prezenţa IgG echinococcus prin metoda
Western blot raportată la metoda de aur considerată (confirmarea chirurgicală histopatologică și
diagnostic paraclinic) au demonstrat o sensibilitate de 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834)
specificitatea fiind de 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) date care sunt asemănătoare celor icircntacirclnite icircn
literatura de specialitate
Icircn majoritatea ţărilor echinococoza alveolară a căpătat deja un caracter endemic şi este icircn
curs de extindere continuă cu o rapiditate alarmantă devenind o boală emergentă
Parazitul adult Emultilocularis nu a fost depistat icircn Romacircnia pacircnă icircn prezent la nici o gazdă
definitivă [13
]
Studiul efectuat a relevat prin metoda Western blot pentru prima dată icircn țara noastră
existența probabilității infecției cu Echinococcus multilocularis la om Sunt necesare studii
ulterioare pentru depistarea persoanelor cu echinococoză alveolară existente icircn Romania icircn
condițiile existenței acesteia icircn numeroase țări din Europa inclusiv cele vecine Romacircniei (Ungaria
Ucraina) Centralizacircnd cercetările recente privind situația epidemiologică problemele clinice și
opțiunile terapeutice autorii au descris primul caz de echinococoză alveolară icircn Ungaria Pentru
confirmarea acestei infecții rare trebuie să fie luat icircn considerare diagnosticul diferenţial cu alte
leziuni hepatice infiltrative [14
]
Nu a fost raportat nici un caz la nivelul Romacircniei prin alte studii Recomandăm
introducerea acestei metode icircn screeningul și diagnosticul acestei boli grave
Icircn icircncercarea de a compara metodele folosite pentru diagnosticarea chistului hidatic și a
rezultatelor obţinute prin aceste metode putem afirma că testul Western blot IgG echinococcus este
cel mai sensibil pentru a preciza un diagnostic etiologic
9
REFERINTE
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection icircn the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in
Cluj county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev
Scientia Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of
techniques for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis
icircn Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young
University Pris Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9
nr 2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz
2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and
abdominal ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey
Turk J Med Sci 391 1-4
8 Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species
differentiation by a new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9 Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil counts Turkiye Parazitol Derg
200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community
based ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003
Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An
extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic
echinococcosis icircn northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative
study with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă
icircn Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg
Deacutenes Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete
Beeacuterkezett 2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
10
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Nume Ciobanca
2 Prenume Petrica Teofil
3 Data şi locul naşterii 25111979 Localitatea Zalau judetul Salaj
4 Cetăţenie Romana
5 Stare civilă Casatorit
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mail petrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studii
Instituţia Universitatea
de Vest bdquoVasile
Goldisrdquo Arad
Universitatea de
Medicina si
FarmacierdquoIuliu
Hatieganurdquo Cluj
Napoca
Universitate
de Medicina
rdquoCarol
Davilardquo
Bucuresti
Universitatea
de medicina si
Farmacierdquo
Iuliu
Hatieganurdquo
Cluj Napoca
Liceul Teoretic
Zalau -Sectia
Matematica-
Fizica
Perioada Octombrie
2004 -
Iunie 2005
Ianuarie2005-
februarie2005
Ianuarie 2005-
Martie 2005
Octombrie
1998-
Septembrie
2004
Septembrie
1994 -
Iulie 1998
Grade sau
diplome
obţinute
Diploma de
Master in
Managementul
Financiar
Contabil si
Juridic al
Firmelor
Certificat de
Absolvire curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala modul I
Certificat de
Absolvire
curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala
modulul II
Diploma de
Licenta
Medicina
Generala
Diploma de
Bacalaureat
8 Titlul ştiinţific Medic Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa
9 Experienţa profesională
Perioada Functia Responsabilitati
01 11 2005 -
prezent
-Asistent Universitar
-Medic Rezident Medicina de
Laborator
-Doctorand cu frecventa
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Activitate didactica in Microbiologie
(Bacteriologie Parazitologie
Virusologie Micologie) cu studentii
anului II III Medicina Generala
Farmacie Colegii Medicale in cadrul
UMF bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo
-Stagii in activitatea de rezidentiat
-activitate de cercetare
01012006 ndash
prezent
-Medic generalist SALVO- SAN
-practica medicala in medicina generala
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Practica medicala examinari clinice pre
si post operatorii
-managerul echipei de resuscitare in caz
de urgenta
15012007 ndash
14112007
Medic Rezident Medicina de
familie Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta
Cluj Napoca
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
6
Pentru confirmarea diagnosticului de chist hidatic depistat prin testări serologice am folosit
următoarele metode imagistice ecografie abdomino-pelviană CT cranian CT torace Rx toracic
Rezultate
Din cele 279 de persoane investigate icircn ambele județe (Cluj şi Sălaj) la 22 pacienți s-a
evidențiat o serologie pozitivă frecvența seropozitivităţii find de 789 (IC= 5 -1169) la lotul
studiatcea ce sugerează infestația hidatica posibila la persoanele seropozitive Adevărata frecvență
a parazitozei este evident mai ridicată deoarece cazurile simptomatice reprezintă doar vacircrful
piramidei infestaţiei icircn timp ce cazurile asimptomatice formează baza nevăzută mult mai mare a
acesteia
Screeningul serologic interprins icircn zona de nord-vest şi centru a ţării arata prezența
infestației cu Egranulosus cu posibilitatea transmiterii sale active Rezultatele obținute
demonstrează procentul mai crescut al persoanelor seropozitive icircn judeţul Cluj și sugerează o
incidență mai crescută a hidatidozei icircn această zonă Această concluzia a fost elaborată ca urmare a
desfășurării unui proiect de cercetare cu titlulbdquoEvaluarea și optimizarea interdisciplinară a metodelor
de screening diagnostic și tratament icircn trichineloza și echinococcoza chistică umană și animală icircn
centrul și nord-vestul Romacircnieirdquo desfășurat icircn perioada 2006 - 2008 la care am participat icircn
calitate de membru
Prin examenul imagistic la 7714 dintre pacienți s-a putut confirma diagnosticul de
hidatidoză prin metode imagistice Pacienții prezentau imagini edificatoare pentru chist hidatic cu
diverse localizari hepatic (6538) pulmonar (588) renal (588) Rezultatele cercetărilor
noastre sugerează că o anumită proporţie din populaţia investigată a fost pozitiva IgG anti-
Echinococcus fără a prezenta icircn organism hidatida decelabila prin metode imagistice
Discuţii
Lipsa cunoştinţelor ignoranţa populaţiei şi chiar a unor specialişti din domeniul sanitar
privind ciclul biologic al speciei E granulosus a gazdelor pe care le are precum şi a riscului pe care
icircl implică un contact stracircns cu gazda definitivă sunt cauze de primă importanţă pentru răspacircndirea cu
uşurinţă a parazitului
Rezultatele obţinute icircn urma acestui studiu concordă cu rezultatele unor studii asemănătoare din
literatura de specialitate efectuate icircn zone endemice pentru echinococcoză chistică umană [3]
Intr-un studiu efectuat pe un lot de persoane asimptomatice la 12 din cazuri ecografia nu
decela formațiune chistică caracteristică chistului hidatic cu toate că testul serologic era pozitiv [7]
STUDIUL II Evaluarea și optimizarea metodelor de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică
Studiul are următoarele scopuri 1 Evaluarea examenului clinic icircn diagnosticul prezumtiv și
evaluarea metodelor imagistice de diagnostic icircn boala hidatică 2 Evaluarea metodei ELISA
Western ndashBlott și a metodelor de laborator pentru confirmarea diagnosticului clinic și imagistic de
chist hidatic 3 Studiul comparativ al metodelor imagistice (ecografie Rx CT RM) cu metodele
serologice (metoda ELISA metoda Western-blott) și evaluarea utilității lor icircn diferențierea
echinococozei chistice și alveolare icircn efectuarea diagnosticului diferențial și interpretarea reacțiilor
icircncrucișate
23 Material şi metodă
Studiul a fost efectuat icircn perioada 2006 - 2010 şi a inclus un eşantion reprezentativ de 189
persoane simptomatice cu simptome sugestive sau cu suspiciune imagistică de boală hidatică Au
7
mai fost luate icircn studiu persoane care au suferit intervenție chirurgicală pentru boala hidatică și
persoane care prezentau rezultate de laborator nespecifice dar cu suspiciune de boală parazitară
Am folosit ca material de lucru cazuistica medicală și chirurgicală din Clinicile Medicale și
Chirurgicale din Cluj-Napoca și Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și ambulatorul unei
policlinici private) Tipurile de date colectate folosite icircn acest studiu au fost genul vacircrsta mediul de
proveniență diagnosticul clinic complicațiile chistului hidatic antecedente de chist hidatic
metodele de diagnostic imagistic efectuate (ecografie abdominală Rx pulmonar CT RM
tratamentul chirurgical examenul piesei operatorii histopatologic) analize de laborator localizarea
formațiunilor chistice icircn funcție de segmentația hepatică și icircn funcție de organul afectat metodele
de diagnostic serologic efectuate (metoda imunoenzimatica IgG antiechinococcus ELISA respectiv
metoda IgG echinococcus Western- blot)
24 Rezultate
Din rezultatele obtinute rezultă că nu există o asociere semnificativă icircntre eozinofilie şi
diagnosticul bolii hidatice (pgt005) Totuşi atunci cacircnd eozinofilia este prezentă se constată o
coincidenţă relativ ridicată de 71 (IC=52 - 85) cu diagnosticul de chist hidatic
Analiza statistică a corelației dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic cu rezultatele obţinute
pe baza confirmării chirurgicale şi paraclinice a evidentiat o sensibilitate de 9689 a examenului
imagistic specificitatea fiind 100 din punct de vedere statistic ele nu diferă semnificativ Valoarea
diagnostică a examenului imagistic este dată icircnsă de valoarea predictivă pozitivă (VPP) şi respectiv
negativă (VPN) ambele fiind peste 84 cu toate că VPN este semnificativ statistic mai mică decacirct
VPP
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG antiechinococcus ELISA icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică și paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic evidentiaza o
Specificitate de 9643 şi VPP de 9919 Acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
metoda ELISA este un bun test de screening
Comparativ cu examenele imagistic ecografic sau CT IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are un
indice Youden mai mic Prin urmare din acest punct de vedere IgG antiechinococcus ELISA pare a fi
un test diagnostic mai puțin concludent decacirct examenele imagistice menţionate Pe de altă parte
comparacircnd intervalele de icircncredere la indicatorii Specificitate VPP la examenele imagistice (global
ecografic CT) şi IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se constată că nu diferă semnificativ statistic
Rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se asociază
semnificativ Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de
contingenţă Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele
ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
concordanţă Kappa = 0522 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă
moderată
Tehnica imunoblot este un puternic test de confirmare și de diagnostic serologic diferenţial
icircntre cele două infectii majore relevante echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară [8]
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG echinococcus Western Blot icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică şi paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic a relevat o Specificitate
de100 şi o valoare predictiva pozitiva de100 acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
testul de detectare a IgG echinococcus Western Blot este un bun test de screening
Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de contingenţă
Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG
echinococcus Western blot este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
8
concordanţă Kappa = 0861 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă foarte
bună
25 Discutii
Evaluarea eozinofiliei ca marker diagnostic icircn echinococoza chistică a permis unor autorii
să afirme că eozinofilia nu este un indicator suficient pentru stabilirea diagnosticului de
echinococoză chistică fiind necesar și un diagnostic complementar clinic [9]
Sensibilitatea și specificitatea ecografiei a fost raportată icircn mai multe studii din literatură ca
fiind icircntre 88 ndash 98 și respectiv 95 ndash 100 pentru echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară
umană Autorii o considera rdquogolden standardrdquo deși recunosc imperfecțiunea acestei tehnici
Examenul clinic examenul de laborator și datele epidemiologice sunt considerate deasemenea
importante pentru diagnosticul echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare [10
]
Testele serologice contribuie la diagnostic detecţia anticorpilor IgG a avut o sensibilitate
de 95 și o specificitate de 94 icircntr-un studiu efectuat de Shambesh MA și colaboratorii [11
]
Sensibilitatea obţinută de Shambesh este semnificativ mai ridicată decacirct cea determinată icircn studiul
nostru care raportează o sensibilitate de 764 cu IC= 6907-8272 Icircn schimb specificitatea
nu diferă semnificativ statistic de cea obţinută icircn studiul nostru (9643 IC=8165-9991)
Infecţiile echinococice sunt considerate unele dintre cele mai periculoase boli helmintice
umane Deosebirea icircntre echinococoza chistică și alveolară este importantă din punct de vedere al
prognosticului și tratamentului
In diferite stadii ale echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare testul cel mai relevant
s-a apreciat a fi testul Western blot IgG echinococus care a confirmat rezultatele pozitive [12
]
Cercetările efectuate cu scopul de a evidenţia prezenţa IgG echinococcus prin metoda
Western blot raportată la metoda de aur considerată (confirmarea chirurgicală histopatologică și
diagnostic paraclinic) au demonstrat o sensibilitate de 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834)
specificitatea fiind de 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) date care sunt asemănătoare celor icircntacirclnite icircn
literatura de specialitate
Icircn majoritatea ţărilor echinococoza alveolară a căpătat deja un caracter endemic şi este icircn
curs de extindere continuă cu o rapiditate alarmantă devenind o boală emergentă
Parazitul adult Emultilocularis nu a fost depistat icircn Romacircnia pacircnă icircn prezent la nici o gazdă
definitivă [13
]
Studiul efectuat a relevat prin metoda Western blot pentru prima dată icircn țara noastră
existența probabilității infecției cu Echinococcus multilocularis la om Sunt necesare studii
ulterioare pentru depistarea persoanelor cu echinococoză alveolară existente icircn Romania icircn
condițiile existenței acesteia icircn numeroase țări din Europa inclusiv cele vecine Romacircniei (Ungaria
Ucraina) Centralizacircnd cercetările recente privind situația epidemiologică problemele clinice și
opțiunile terapeutice autorii au descris primul caz de echinococoză alveolară icircn Ungaria Pentru
confirmarea acestei infecții rare trebuie să fie luat icircn considerare diagnosticul diferenţial cu alte
leziuni hepatice infiltrative [14
]
Nu a fost raportat nici un caz la nivelul Romacircniei prin alte studii Recomandăm
introducerea acestei metode icircn screeningul și diagnosticul acestei boli grave
Icircn icircncercarea de a compara metodele folosite pentru diagnosticarea chistului hidatic și a
rezultatelor obţinute prin aceste metode putem afirma că testul Western blot IgG echinococcus este
cel mai sensibil pentru a preciza un diagnostic etiologic
9
REFERINTE
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection icircn the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in
Cluj county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev
Scientia Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of
techniques for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis
icircn Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young
University Pris Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9
nr 2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz
2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and
abdominal ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey
Turk J Med Sci 391 1-4
8 Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species
differentiation by a new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9 Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil counts Turkiye Parazitol Derg
200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community
based ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003
Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An
extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic
echinococcosis icircn northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative
study with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă
icircn Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg
Deacutenes Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete
Beeacuterkezett 2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
10
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Nume Ciobanca
2 Prenume Petrica Teofil
3 Data şi locul naşterii 25111979 Localitatea Zalau judetul Salaj
4 Cetăţenie Romana
5 Stare civilă Casatorit
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mail petrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studii
Instituţia Universitatea
de Vest bdquoVasile
Goldisrdquo Arad
Universitatea de
Medicina si
FarmacierdquoIuliu
Hatieganurdquo Cluj
Napoca
Universitate
de Medicina
rdquoCarol
Davilardquo
Bucuresti
Universitatea
de medicina si
Farmacierdquo
Iuliu
Hatieganurdquo
Cluj Napoca
Liceul Teoretic
Zalau -Sectia
Matematica-
Fizica
Perioada Octombrie
2004 -
Iunie 2005
Ianuarie2005-
februarie2005
Ianuarie 2005-
Martie 2005
Octombrie
1998-
Septembrie
2004
Septembrie
1994 -
Iulie 1998
Grade sau
diplome
obţinute
Diploma de
Master in
Managementul
Financiar
Contabil si
Juridic al
Firmelor
Certificat de
Absolvire curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala modul I
Certificat de
Absolvire
curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala
modulul II
Diploma de
Licenta
Medicina
Generala
Diploma de
Bacalaureat
8 Titlul ştiinţific Medic Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa
9 Experienţa profesională
Perioada Functia Responsabilitati
01 11 2005 -
prezent
-Asistent Universitar
-Medic Rezident Medicina de
Laborator
-Doctorand cu frecventa
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Activitate didactica in Microbiologie
(Bacteriologie Parazitologie
Virusologie Micologie) cu studentii
anului II III Medicina Generala
Farmacie Colegii Medicale in cadrul
UMF bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo
-Stagii in activitatea de rezidentiat
-activitate de cercetare
01012006 ndash
prezent
-Medic generalist SALVO- SAN
-practica medicala in medicina generala
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Practica medicala examinari clinice pre
si post operatorii
-managerul echipei de resuscitare in caz
de urgenta
15012007 ndash
14112007
Medic Rezident Medicina de
familie Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta
Cluj Napoca
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
7
mai fost luate icircn studiu persoane care au suferit intervenție chirurgicală pentru boala hidatică și
persoane care prezentau rezultate de laborator nespecifice dar cu suspiciune de boală parazitară
Am folosit ca material de lucru cazuistica medicală și chirurgicală din Clinicile Medicale și
Chirurgicale din Cluj-Napoca și Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și ambulatorul unei
policlinici private) Tipurile de date colectate folosite icircn acest studiu au fost genul vacircrsta mediul de
proveniență diagnosticul clinic complicațiile chistului hidatic antecedente de chist hidatic
metodele de diagnostic imagistic efectuate (ecografie abdominală Rx pulmonar CT RM
tratamentul chirurgical examenul piesei operatorii histopatologic) analize de laborator localizarea
formațiunilor chistice icircn funcție de segmentația hepatică și icircn funcție de organul afectat metodele
de diagnostic serologic efectuate (metoda imunoenzimatica IgG antiechinococcus ELISA respectiv
metoda IgG echinococcus Western- blot)
24 Rezultate
Din rezultatele obtinute rezultă că nu există o asociere semnificativă icircntre eozinofilie şi
diagnosticul bolii hidatice (pgt005) Totuşi atunci cacircnd eozinofilia este prezentă se constată o
coincidenţă relativ ridicată de 71 (IC=52 - 85) cu diagnosticul de chist hidatic
Analiza statistică a corelației dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic cu rezultatele obţinute
pe baza confirmării chirurgicale şi paraclinice a evidentiat o sensibilitate de 9689 a examenului
imagistic specificitatea fiind 100 din punct de vedere statistic ele nu diferă semnificativ Valoarea
diagnostică a examenului imagistic este dată icircnsă de valoarea predictivă pozitivă (VPP) şi respectiv
negativă (VPN) ambele fiind peste 84 cu toate că VPN este semnificativ statistic mai mică decacirct
VPP
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG antiechinococcus ELISA icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică și paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic evidentiaza o
Specificitate de 9643 şi VPP de 9919 Acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
metoda ELISA este un bun test de screening
Comparativ cu examenele imagistic ecografic sau CT IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are un
indice Youden mai mic Prin urmare din acest punct de vedere IgG antiechinococcus ELISA pare a fi
un test diagnostic mai puțin concludent decacirct examenele imagistice menţionate Pe de altă parte
comparacircnd intervalele de icircncredere la indicatorii Specificitate VPP la examenele imagistice (global
ecografic CT) şi IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se constată că nu diferă semnificativ statistic
Rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA se asociază
semnificativ Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de
contingenţă Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele
ale IgG antiechinococcus ELISA este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
concordanţă Kappa = 0522 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă
moderată
Tehnica imunoblot este un puternic test de confirmare și de diagnostic serologic diferenţial
icircntre cele două infectii majore relevante echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară [8]
Evaluarea rezultatelor examenului IgG echinococcus Western Blot icircn raport cu confirmarea
chirurgicală histopatologică şi paraclinică a diagnosticului de chist hidatic a relevat o Specificitate
de100 şi o valoare predictiva pozitiva de100 acestea fiind foarte ridicate se poate considera că
testul de detectare a IgG echinococcus Western Blot este un bun test de screening
Este de remarcat că odată cu ceilalţi coeficienţi de asociere (coeficientul de contingenţă
Kendal tau) coeficientul de concordanţă dintre rezultatele examenului imagistic şi cele ale IgG
echinococcus Western blot este semnificativ statistic (plt0001) De menţionat că măsura de
8
concordanţă Kappa = 0861 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă foarte
bună
25 Discutii
Evaluarea eozinofiliei ca marker diagnostic icircn echinococoza chistică a permis unor autorii
să afirme că eozinofilia nu este un indicator suficient pentru stabilirea diagnosticului de
echinococoză chistică fiind necesar și un diagnostic complementar clinic [9]
Sensibilitatea și specificitatea ecografiei a fost raportată icircn mai multe studii din literatură ca
fiind icircntre 88 ndash 98 și respectiv 95 ndash 100 pentru echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară
umană Autorii o considera rdquogolden standardrdquo deși recunosc imperfecțiunea acestei tehnici
Examenul clinic examenul de laborator și datele epidemiologice sunt considerate deasemenea
importante pentru diagnosticul echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare [10
]
Testele serologice contribuie la diagnostic detecţia anticorpilor IgG a avut o sensibilitate
de 95 și o specificitate de 94 icircntr-un studiu efectuat de Shambesh MA și colaboratorii [11
]
Sensibilitatea obţinută de Shambesh este semnificativ mai ridicată decacirct cea determinată icircn studiul
nostru care raportează o sensibilitate de 764 cu IC= 6907-8272 Icircn schimb specificitatea
nu diferă semnificativ statistic de cea obţinută icircn studiul nostru (9643 IC=8165-9991)
Infecţiile echinococice sunt considerate unele dintre cele mai periculoase boli helmintice
umane Deosebirea icircntre echinococoza chistică și alveolară este importantă din punct de vedere al
prognosticului și tratamentului
In diferite stadii ale echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare testul cel mai relevant
s-a apreciat a fi testul Western blot IgG echinococus care a confirmat rezultatele pozitive [12
]
Cercetările efectuate cu scopul de a evidenţia prezenţa IgG echinococcus prin metoda
Western blot raportată la metoda de aur considerată (confirmarea chirurgicală histopatologică și
diagnostic paraclinic) au demonstrat o sensibilitate de 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834)
specificitatea fiind de 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) date care sunt asemănătoare celor icircntacirclnite icircn
literatura de specialitate
Icircn majoritatea ţărilor echinococoza alveolară a căpătat deja un caracter endemic şi este icircn
curs de extindere continuă cu o rapiditate alarmantă devenind o boală emergentă
Parazitul adult Emultilocularis nu a fost depistat icircn Romacircnia pacircnă icircn prezent la nici o gazdă
definitivă [13
]
Studiul efectuat a relevat prin metoda Western blot pentru prima dată icircn țara noastră
existența probabilității infecției cu Echinococcus multilocularis la om Sunt necesare studii
ulterioare pentru depistarea persoanelor cu echinococoză alveolară existente icircn Romania icircn
condițiile existenței acesteia icircn numeroase țări din Europa inclusiv cele vecine Romacircniei (Ungaria
Ucraina) Centralizacircnd cercetările recente privind situația epidemiologică problemele clinice și
opțiunile terapeutice autorii au descris primul caz de echinococoză alveolară icircn Ungaria Pentru
confirmarea acestei infecții rare trebuie să fie luat icircn considerare diagnosticul diferenţial cu alte
leziuni hepatice infiltrative [14
]
Nu a fost raportat nici un caz la nivelul Romacircniei prin alte studii Recomandăm
introducerea acestei metode icircn screeningul și diagnosticul acestei boli grave
Icircn icircncercarea de a compara metodele folosite pentru diagnosticarea chistului hidatic și a
rezultatelor obţinute prin aceste metode putem afirma că testul Western blot IgG echinococcus este
cel mai sensibil pentru a preciza un diagnostic etiologic
9
REFERINTE
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection icircn the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in
Cluj county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev
Scientia Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of
techniques for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis
icircn Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young
University Pris Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9
nr 2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz
2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and
abdominal ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey
Turk J Med Sci 391 1-4
8 Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species
differentiation by a new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9 Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil counts Turkiye Parazitol Derg
200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community
based ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003
Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An
extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic
echinococcosis icircn northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative
study with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă
icircn Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg
Deacutenes Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete
Beeacuterkezett 2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
10
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Nume Ciobanca
2 Prenume Petrica Teofil
3 Data şi locul naşterii 25111979 Localitatea Zalau judetul Salaj
4 Cetăţenie Romana
5 Stare civilă Casatorit
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mail petrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studii
Instituţia Universitatea
de Vest bdquoVasile
Goldisrdquo Arad
Universitatea de
Medicina si
FarmacierdquoIuliu
Hatieganurdquo Cluj
Napoca
Universitate
de Medicina
rdquoCarol
Davilardquo
Bucuresti
Universitatea
de medicina si
Farmacierdquo
Iuliu
Hatieganurdquo
Cluj Napoca
Liceul Teoretic
Zalau -Sectia
Matematica-
Fizica
Perioada Octombrie
2004 -
Iunie 2005
Ianuarie2005-
februarie2005
Ianuarie 2005-
Martie 2005
Octombrie
1998-
Septembrie
2004
Septembrie
1994 -
Iulie 1998
Grade sau
diplome
obţinute
Diploma de
Master in
Managementul
Financiar
Contabil si
Juridic al
Firmelor
Certificat de
Absolvire curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala modul I
Certificat de
Absolvire
curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala
modulul II
Diploma de
Licenta
Medicina
Generala
Diploma de
Bacalaureat
8 Titlul ştiinţific Medic Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa
9 Experienţa profesională
Perioada Functia Responsabilitati
01 11 2005 -
prezent
-Asistent Universitar
-Medic Rezident Medicina de
Laborator
-Doctorand cu frecventa
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Activitate didactica in Microbiologie
(Bacteriologie Parazitologie
Virusologie Micologie) cu studentii
anului II III Medicina Generala
Farmacie Colegii Medicale in cadrul
UMF bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo
-Stagii in activitatea de rezidentiat
-activitate de cercetare
01012006 ndash
prezent
-Medic generalist SALVO- SAN
-practica medicala in medicina generala
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Practica medicala examinari clinice pre
si post operatorii
-managerul echipei de resuscitare in caz
de urgenta
15012007 ndash
14112007
Medic Rezident Medicina de
familie Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta
Cluj Napoca
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
8
concordanţă Kappa = 0861 indică faptul că icircntre cele două examinări există o concordanţă foarte
bună
25 Discutii
Evaluarea eozinofiliei ca marker diagnostic icircn echinococoza chistică a permis unor autorii
să afirme că eozinofilia nu este un indicator suficient pentru stabilirea diagnosticului de
echinococoză chistică fiind necesar și un diagnostic complementar clinic [9]
Sensibilitatea și specificitatea ecografiei a fost raportată icircn mai multe studii din literatură ca
fiind icircntre 88 ndash 98 și respectiv 95 ndash 100 pentru echinococoza chistică și echinococoza alveolară
umană Autorii o considera rdquogolden standardrdquo deși recunosc imperfecțiunea acestei tehnici
Examenul clinic examenul de laborator și datele epidemiologice sunt considerate deasemenea
importante pentru diagnosticul echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare [10
]
Testele serologice contribuie la diagnostic detecţia anticorpilor IgG a avut o sensibilitate
de 95 și o specificitate de 94 icircntr-un studiu efectuat de Shambesh MA și colaboratorii [11
]
Sensibilitatea obţinută de Shambesh este semnificativ mai ridicată decacirct cea determinată icircn studiul
nostru care raportează o sensibilitate de 764 cu IC= 6907-8272 Icircn schimb specificitatea
nu diferă semnificativ statistic de cea obţinută icircn studiul nostru (9643 IC=8165-9991)
Infecţiile echinococice sunt considerate unele dintre cele mai periculoase boli helmintice
umane Deosebirea icircntre echinococoza chistică și alveolară este importantă din punct de vedere al
prognosticului și tratamentului
In diferite stadii ale echinococozei chistice și echinococozei alveolare testul cel mai relevant
s-a apreciat a fi testul Western blot IgG echinococus care a confirmat rezultatele pozitive [12
]
Cercetările efectuate cu scopul de a evidenţia prezenţa IgG echinococcus prin metoda
Western blot raportată la metoda de aur considerată (confirmarea chirurgicală histopatologică și
diagnostic paraclinic) au demonstrat o sensibilitate de 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834)
specificitatea fiind de 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) date care sunt asemănătoare celor icircntacirclnite icircn
literatura de specialitate
Icircn majoritatea ţărilor echinococoza alveolară a căpătat deja un caracter endemic şi este icircn
curs de extindere continuă cu o rapiditate alarmantă devenind o boală emergentă
Parazitul adult Emultilocularis nu a fost depistat icircn Romacircnia pacircnă icircn prezent la nici o gazdă
definitivă [13
]
Studiul efectuat a relevat prin metoda Western blot pentru prima dată icircn țara noastră
existența probabilității infecției cu Echinococcus multilocularis la om Sunt necesare studii
ulterioare pentru depistarea persoanelor cu echinococoză alveolară existente icircn Romania icircn
condițiile existenței acesteia icircn numeroase țări din Europa inclusiv cele vecine Romacircniei (Ungaria
Ucraina) Centralizacircnd cercetările recente privind situația epidemiologică problemele clinice și
opțiunile terapeutice autorii au descris primul caz de echinococoză alveolară icircn Ungaria Pentru
confirmarea acestei infecții rare trebuie să fie luat icircn considerare diagnosticul diferenţial cu alte
leziuni hepatice infiltrative [14
]
Nu a fost raportat nici un caz la nivelul Romacircniei prin alte studii Recomandăm
introducerea acestei metode icircn screeningul și diagnosticul acestei boli grave
Icircn icircncercarea de a compara metodele folosite pentru diagnosticarea chistului hidatic și a
rezultatelor obţinute prin aceste metode putem afirma că testul Western blot IgG echinococcus este
cel mai sensibil pentru a preciza un diagnostic etiologic
9
REFERINTE
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection icircn the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in
Cluj county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev
Scientia Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of
techniques for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis
icircn Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young
University Pris Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9
nr 2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz
2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and
abdominal ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey
Turk J Med Sci 391 1-4
8 Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species
differentiation by a new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9 Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil counts Turkiye Parazitol Derg
200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community
based ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003
Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An
extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic
echinococcosis icircn northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative
study with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă
icircn Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg
Deacutenes Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete
Beeacuterkezett 2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
10
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Nume Ciobanca
2 Prenume Petrica Teofil
3 Data şi locul naşterii 25111979 Localitatea Zalau judetul Salaj
4 Cetăţenie Romana
5 Stare civilă Casatorit
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mail petrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studii
Instituţia Universitatea
de Vest bdquoVasile
Goldisrdquo Arad
Universitatea de
Medicina si
FarmacierdquoIuliu
Hatieganurdquo Cluj
Napoca
Universitate
de Medicina
rdquoCarol
Davilardquo
Bucuresti
Universitatea
de medicina si
Farmacierdquo
Iuliu
Hatieganurdquo
Cluj Napoca
Liceul Teoretic
Zalau -Sectia
Matematica-
Fizica
Perioada Octombrie
2004 -
Iunie 2005
Ianuarie2005-
februarie2005
Ianuarie 2005-
Martie 2005
Octombrie
1998-
Septembrie
2004
Septembrie
1994 -
Iulie 1998
Grade sau
diplome
obţinute
Diploma de
Master in
Managementul
Financiar
Contabil si
Juridic al
Firmelor
Certificat de
Absolvire curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala modul I
Certificat de
Absolvire
curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala
modulul II
Diploma de
Licenta
Medicina
Generala
Diploma de
Bacalaureat
8 Titlul ştiinţific Medic Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa
9 Experienţa profesională
Perioada Functia Responsabilitati
01 11 2005 -
prezent
-Asistent Universitar
-Medic Rezident Medicina de
Laborator
-Doctorand cu frecventa
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Activitate didactica in Microbiologie
(Bacteriologie Parazitologie
Virusologie Micologie) cu studentii
anului II III Medicina Generala
Farmacie Colegii Medicale in cadrul
UMF bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo
-Stagii in activitatea de rezidentiat
-activitate de cercetare
01012006 ndash
prezent
-Medic generalist SALVO- SAN
-practica medicala in medicina generala
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Practica medicala examinari clinice pre
si post operatorii
-managerul echipei de resuscitare in caz
de urgenta
15012007 ndash
14112007
Medic Rezident Medicina de
familie Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta
Cluj Napoca
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
9
REFERINTE
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection icircn the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in
Cluj county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev
Scientia Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of
techniques for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis
icircn Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young
University Pris Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9
nr 2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz
2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and
abdominal ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey
Turk J Med Sci 391 1-4
8 Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species
differentiation by a new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9 Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil counts Turkiye Parazitol Derg
200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community
based ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003
Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An
extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic
echinococcosis icircn northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative
study with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă
icircn Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg
Deacutenes Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete
Beeacuterkezett 2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
10
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Nume Ciobanca
2 Prenume Petrica Teofil
3 Data şi locul naşterii 25111979 Localitatea Zalau judetul Salaj
4 Cetăţenie Romana
5 Stare civilă Casatorit
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mail petrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studii
Instituţia Universitatea
de Vest bdquoVasile
Goldisrdquo Arad
Universitatea de
Medicina si
FarmacierdquoIuliu
Hatieganurdquo Cluj
Napoca
Universitate
de Medicina
rdquoCarol
Davilardquo
Bucuresti
Universitatea
de medicina si
Farmacierdquo
Iuliu
Hatieganurdquo
Cluj Napoca
Liceul Teoretic
Zalau -Sectia
Matematica-
Fizica
Perioada Octombrie
2004 -
Iunie 2005
Ianuarie2005-
februarie2005
Ianuarie 2005-
Martie 2005
Octombrie
1998-
Septembrie
2004
Septembrie
1994 -
Iulie 1998
Grade sau
diplome
obţinute
Diploma de
Master in
Managementul
Financiar
Contabil si
Juridic al
Firmelor
Certificat de
Absolvire curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala modul I
Certificat de
Absolvire
curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala
modulul II
Diploma de
Licenta
Medicina
Generala
Diploma de
Bacalaureat
8 Titlul ştiinţific Medic Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa
9 Experienţa profesională
Perioada Functia Responsabilitati
01 11 2005 -
prezent
-Asistent Universitar
-Medic Rezident Medicina de
Laborator
-Doctorand cu frecventa
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Activitate didactica in Microbiologie
(Bacteriologie Parazitologie
Virusologie Micologie) cu studentii
anului II III Medicina Generala
Farmacie Colegii Medicale in cadrul
UMF bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo
-Stagii in activitatea de rezidentiat
-activitate de cercetare
01012006 ndash
prezent
-Medic generalist SALVO- SAN
-practica medicala in medicina generala
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Practica medicala examinari clinice pre
si post operatorii
-managerul echipei de resuscitare in caz
de urgenta
15012007 ndash
14112007
Medic Rezident Medicina de
familie Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta
Cluj Napoca
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
10
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Nume Ciobanca
2 Prenume Petrica Teofil
3 Data şi locul naşterii 25111979 Localitatea Zalau judetul Salaj
4 Cetăţenie Romana
5 Stare civilă Casatorit
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mail petrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studii
Instituţia Universitatea
de Vest bdquoVasile
Goldisrdquo Arad
Universitatea de
Medicina si
FarmacierdquoIuliu
Hatieganurdquo Cluj
Napoca
Universitate
de Medicina
rdquoCarol
Davilardquo
Bucuresti
Universitatea
de medicina si
Farmacierdquo
Iuliu
Hatieganurdquo
Cluj Napoca
Liceul Teoretic
Zalau -Sectia
Matematica-
Fizica
Perioada Octombrie
2004 -
Iunie 2005
Ianuarie2005-
februarie2005
Ianuarie 2005-
Martie 2005
Octombrie
1998-
Septembrie
2004
Septembrie
1994 -
Iulie 1998
Grade sau
diplome
obţinute
Diploma de
Master in
Managementul
Financiar
Contabil si
Juridic al
Firmelor
Certificat de
Absolvire curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala modul I
Certificat de
Absolvire
curs
postuniversitar
de ecografie
generala
modulul II
Diploma de
Licenta
Medicina
Generala
Diploma de
Bacalaureat
8 Titlul ştiinţific Medic Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa
9 Experienţa profesională
Perioada Functia Responsabilitati
01 11 2005 -
prezent
-Asistent Universitar
-Medic Rezident Medicina de
Laborator
-Doctorand cu frecventa
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Activitate didactica in Microbiologie
(Bacteriologie Parazitologie
Virusologie Micologie) cu studentii
anului II III Medicina Generala
Farmacie Colegii Medicale in cadrul
UMF bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo
-Stagii in activitatea de rezidentiat
-activitate de cercetare
01012006 ndash
prezent
-Medic generalist SALVO- SAN
-practica medicala in medicina generala
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Practica medicala examinari clinice pre
si post operatorii
-managerul echipei de resuscitare in caz
de urgenta
15012007 ndash
14112007
Medic Rezident Medicina de
familie Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta
Cluj Napoca
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
11
- examinari clinice EKG diagnostic si
tratament stagii de Obstetrica si
Ginecologie Psihiatrie Boli Infectioase
29082005 ndash
10092005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Kantonal Flawil Elvetia
-stagii de Medicina Interna prezentari si
explorari diagnostice
01012005 ndash
01012006
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
- stagii de Medicina Interna 6 luni
-stagii de Chirurgie 6 luni
14032005 ndash
01042005
Medic Stagiar Spitalul Clinic de Pediatrie bdquoMaria
Sklodowska Curierdquo
-am asistat la explorarile endoscopice
efectuate
Cursuri post-universitare Ecografie generala modulul unu Ianuarie 2005 ndash februarie 2005
Ecografie generala modulul doi Ianuarie 2005 ndash martie 2005
Medicina ocupationala
Urgente chirurgicale la copii
Curs de resuscitare adulti
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Ultrasonografie de urgenta
EKG
Ecografie Doppler
10 Locul de muncă actual şi funcţia Asistent Universitar Doctorand cu frecventa UMF
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo Cluj Napoca
11 Vechime la locul de muncă actual 6 ani
12 Lucrări elaborate şi sau publicate Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA -
ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to Antimycotic
Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International Congress of Mycology
July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Evolution of
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital Infectious International
Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN
1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing
Presented at the International Congress of Infectious Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram
negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal Sectiunea Parasitic
Infectious
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
12
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida
Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th European Congress Of Clinical
Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de diagnostic de
laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in echinococcosis and
importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection
132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G Anastassiou ED
Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species distribution and antifungal
susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Romania and Greece Scientia
Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P T
Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction of severe
nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis Epidemiology at
Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania Abstract book of IMED
bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the prophylaxis and
therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121 39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3)151-161
13 Limbi straine cunoscute Engleza-fluent Franceza ndashincepator Germana - incepator
14 Specializări şi calificări Ecografie Operare PC
15 Experienţa acumulată icircn programe naţionaleinternaţionale
ProgramulProiectul Funcţia Perioada
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale privind
studiul unor zoonoze parazitare şi
implicaţiile lor icircn siguranţa
alomentelorrdquoCEEX 1782005 cu o durată de
24 luni
realizat in colaborare cu Universitatea de
Stiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 ndash2007
bdquoEvaluarea şi optimizarea interdisciplinară a
metodelor de screening diagnostic şi
tratament icircn trichineloza şi echinococoza
chistică umană şi animală icircn centrul şi nord-
vestul Romacircniei - TRICHIDrdquo Program
CEEX 1992006
realizat icircntre Universitatea de Stiinţe
Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară
(conducător al proiectului) şi UMF Cluj
Napoca (partener )
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006 -2008
bdquoConstituirea unei reţele naţionale de
cercetare a dermatofitozelor la om şi
animalerdquoProgram CEEX 1512006
realizat icircntre USAMV (conducător al
proiectului) şi UMF Cluj Napoca
(partener)
Doctorand Responsabil economic
2006-2008
Declar pe propria răspundere că datele prezentate sunt icircn conformitate cu realitatea
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
IULIU HAŢIEGANU UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
STRATEGIES IN HYDATID CYST DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTICAL MONITORING
ABSTRACT OF DOCTORS THESIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 2
INTRODUCTION 7 PART I CURRENT KNOWLEDGE STATUS 10 Chapter 1 ECHINOCOCCUS GENUS 11
11 Background 11 12 Taxonomy and classification 12
13 Morphology12 14 Genetic and morphologic differences between species 15 15 Epidemiology 17 16 Biological lyfe cycle 19
161 Echinococcus granulosus 19
162 Echinococcus multilocularis 21 17 Human contamination 22
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST 23 21 The pathogeny of the hydatid cyst 23
22 The evolution of the hydatid cyst 23 23 Clinical occurrence of human hydatidosis 24 24 Diagnosis of hydatid diseases 27
241 Clinical diagnosis 28 242 Medical imaging diagnosis 28
243 Parasitologic diagnosis31 244 Immunologic diagnosis 32 245 Differential diagnosis in hydatid cyst 34
25 Treating the hydatid cyst 35
26 The prophylaxis of the hydatid cyst 38 PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES 40 STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods for the diagnosis therapy and prophylaxis of
the human hydatid disease 41 11 Introduction 41 12 Study aim and objectives 41
13 Material and method 42 131 Material 42 132 Method 43
14 Results 47 141 Detecting the seropositive persons investigated by ELISA IgG Antiechinococcus in Cluj
and Sălaj Counties47
142 Frequency depending on the environment the seropositive persons belong to in Cluj and
Sălaj Counties 48 143 Seropositve persons frequency in Cluj and Sălaj Counties depending on gender 50 144 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Cluj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 51 145 The seropositive persons frequency depending on sex in Cluj County 52 146 Epidemiological aspects on seropositive persons in Sălaj County (incidence environment
they belong to and distribution on genders) 53
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
147 The frequency of seropositive persons dependending on sex in Salaj Couty 54
15 Confirming the determinations following the serological tests through imagistic methods in
human cystic echinococcosis 55 151 The results of imagistic determinations (ultrasound scan thoracic RX CT) helliphelliphelliphellip56
16 DEBATES58 17 CASE DESCRIPTION 61
CONCLUIONS 68 STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of diagnosis methods in hydatid disease 69
21 Introduction 69
22 Study aim and objective 69 23 Material and method 70
231 Material 70 232 Paraclinic and clinical methods involved 71
233 Statistical methods of data analysis 77 24 Results 80
241 Epidemiological results (considering the sex origins age) 80 242 Clinical and paraclinical results regarding the hydatid cyst diagnosis 83
2421 The clinical examination value in hydatid cyst diagnosis 83 2422 Surgical confirmation in hydatid cyst presumtive diagnosis 85 2423 Assessing the usual laboratory analysis (haemoleucogram biochemical analysis used
to determine hydatid cyst) 86 2424 Imagistic methods involved to determine the hydatid cyst 89
2425 Results obtained through immunoserological methods 97 243 Comparative results 106
25 DEBATES122
26 CASE DESCRIPTION 131
CONCLUSIONS 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 140 REFERENCES 142
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
INTRODUCTION
The Echinococcosis hydatidosis (the hydatid disease or the hydatid cyst) is a parasitic
disease determined by genus Echinococcus which may evolve with the most severe and different
implications Despite progresses in control and monitoring fields this parasitosis keeps representing
an important issue of the public health in the most parts of the world [1]
According to WHO classification the disease is a zoonosis which brings a lot of health issues
both in humans and animals because the causing parasites in order to end their biological cycle pass
through more vertebrate animal hosts (as for example dogs for the humans)
Due to its high prevalence the severe clinical ndash developing forms the morphofunctional
complications with high primary or secondary mortality the disease if frequently met both in rural
and urban environment at all age groups alarming prevalence in youngsters and occupational risk
groups [2]
In our country area the hydatid pathology has a quite high frequency the north ndash western part
of Transylvania being described an endemic area with important cases [3] the medicine of Cluj
having a significant experience in hydatid cyst diagnosis and treatment
Despite the lately achievements in human echinococcosis diagnosis and therapy it still has
an important place in morbidity and mortality structure within surgical services So in this way
presenting some briefly data over the different aspects the hydatid disease may adopt in its
development from clinical imagistic serological point of view and their importance evaluation in
early recognition and diagnosis of the disease
PART I CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 1 Genus Echinococcus
The parasite responsible for causing human hydatidosis is a Platyhelminthe belonging to
Cestoda class (Eucestoda) Taeniidae family Genus Echinococcus The species of genus
Echinococcus considered as etiologic agents of echinococcosis hydatidosis according to WHO
experts are as follows
- Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) - cystic echinococcosis
- Echinococcus multilocularis (Leuckart 1863) ndash alveolar echinococcosis
- Echinococcus oligarthus (Diesing 1863)
- Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch Bernstein 1972) ndash polycystic echinococcosis
The issue of the 5th
species existence arose Ecruzi (Rausch and co ndash 1978 Kumaratilake
and Thompson ndash 1982) but Rausch and co (1984) comparing its features with Evogeli and
Eoligarthus remarked that in fact E cruzi is similar to E oligarthus
The geographical distribution of hydatidosis loyally follows the sheep breeders developing
curve and it is determined by pastoral promiscuity fact that determined Deve assert that the hydatid
disease is one of the dirty hands diseases
The wide range of animal species which may be intermediary hosts and their circulation from
Europe in other parts of the world made that Echinococcus be spread on the entire globe
In 2009 ECDC reported 790 cases of human echinococcosis with 11 lower than in 2008
(n= 891) Among the reported cases where the infecting species is known predominated the infection
with Egranulosus (72) while Emultilocularis infection was reported as having a frequency 3
times lower [4]
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
CHAPTER 2 HYDATID CYST
The hydatid cyst is often an invaliding disease with possible and often severe complications
(anaphylactic shock) with often difficult surgical therapy and frequent post-surgery recidivations
The clinical behaviours due to the complications settled through the aforementioned mechanisms
appear when the hydatid cyst sizes become considerable
The clinical framework of the hydatid cyst is little characteristic Quite often it is completely
asymptomatically and discovered purely by chance Other times the patients accused discomfort in
the right hypochondrium or even intense pain The allergic reactions are quite frequently from
urticaria reaction up to alergodermy or even anaphylactic shock (generally in case of fissure or even
the hydatid cyst rupture)
The morphological determination of the hydatid cysts may be done through thoracic
ultrasound scan computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)
The imagistic methods for human hydatidosis diagnosis are completed with immunodiagnosis
reactions aiming the parasitic aetiology confirmation of the determined formations through immune
induced response In the last years exists a tendency of immunologic diagnosis staging firstly
primary tests are used following to be confirmed through other methods having a significantly
specificity (secondary tests) [5]
The hydatid cyst modern management require involving all therapeutic methods medical
percutaneous and surgical The surgery is not anymore the first election for treating any hepatic
hydatid cyst In patients with univesicular cyst smaller that 4 cm the chosen therapy is the
monotherapy with albendazole
PAIR is indicated when the pain in not treatable or the albendazole is ineffective The
percutaneous treatment combines the alcohol and polidocanol but cannot be used in case of cysto-
billiary fistula
The surgery is used in cases when in percutaneous therapy no experts exist and the
percutaneous treatment cannot safely performed due to a significant extra-hepatic extension with
perforation risk of the cyst orand in case of cyst rupture in the peritoneal cavity [6]
PART II PERSONAL RESEARCHES
STUDY 1 The applicability of the serological methods in the diagnosis therapy and
prophylaxis of human hydatid disease
The aim of this study was serological tests (ELISA method) conducting and evaluation as
screening and diagnosis methods of cystic echinococcosis The tests were conducted in symptomatic
and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to estimate the disease frequency in
these counties In the persons where anti-echinococcus IgG antibodies were determined imagistic
investigations were performed in order to confirm the clinical and serological diagnosis of hydatid
cyst
The investigations allowed clarifying the epidemiological diagnosis therapeutic and
prognostic aspect regarding cystic echinococcosis
Material and method
The study was conducted during January 2007 ndash December 2009 and included 279
symptomatic and asymptomatic persons from Cluj and Sălaj Counties in order to determine the
presence and the level of anti-echinococcus antibodies level in the population of the two regions and
implicitly the asymptomatic infection using ELISA immunoenzyme method
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
In order to confirm the hydatid cyst diagnosis determined through serological test I used the
following imagistic methods abdominal pelvic ultrasound scan cranial CT thorax CT thorax Rx
Results
Out of the 279 persons examined in both counties (Cluj şi Sălaj) in 22 patients was
determined positive serology the seropositivity frequency was of 789 (IC= 5 -1169) in the
studied sample suggesting the possible hydatid infection in seropositive persons
The real frequency of parasitosis is obviously higher because the symptomatic cases
represent only the peak of infestation pyramid while the asymptomatic cases form the unseen higher
basis of it
The serological screening performed in the north - western and central region of the country
showed the Egranulosus infection presence with the possibility of its active transmission The
obtained results demonstrate the higher percentage of the seropositve persons in Cluj County and
suggest a higher incidence of the hydatidosis in this region This conclusion was elaborated
following a research project conducting with the title Interdisciplinary evaluation and optimization
of the screening diagnosis and treatment methods in triquinelosis human and animal cystic
echinococcosis in the centre and north - west of Romania conducted during 2006-2008 where I
partake as a member
In 7714 of the patients in imagistic investigation the hydatidosis diagnosis could be
confirmed The patients had clear imagines for hydatid cyst with different locations hepatic
(6538) pulmonary (588) renal (588) The results of our researches suggest that a certain
proportion of the investigated population was positive in IgG anti-Echinococcus without having in
the organism the hydatid determined through imagistic methods
DEBATES
The lack of knowledge population ignorance and even of some specialists in sanitary field
regarding the biological cycle of E granulosus species and the hosts it has as well as the risk
involved by a tight contact with the permanent host are causes of main importance in parasite easy
spreading The results obtained following this study are similar with the results of some analogous
studies from the specialty literature conducted in endemic areas for human cystic echinococcosis [3]
In a study performed on an asymptomatic sample of persons in 12 of the cases the
ultrasound scan did not determine cystic form characteristic to the hydatid cyst although the
serological test was positive [7]
STUDY II Evaluation and optimization of the diagnosis methods in hydatid disease
The study has the following aims 1 the evaluation of the clinical examination in the
presumptive diagnosis and imagistic diagnosis evaluation in the hydatid disease 2 Evaluation of
ELISA method Western-Blott and the laboratory methods in order to confirm the clinical and
imagistic diagnosis of hydatid cyst 3 The comparative study of the imagistic methods (ultrasound
scan Rx CT RM) with the serological methods (ELISA Western-blott methods) and the evaluation
of their utility in differentiating the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and in performing the
differential diagnosis and interpretation of the cross-reactions
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
23 Material and method
The study was performed during 2006 ndash 2010 and included a representative sample of 189
symptomatic persons with suggestive symptoms and imagistic suspicion of hydatid disease Other
studied persons were those for whom surgical intervention was performed in hydatid cyst and
persons having non-specific laboratory results but with suspicions of parasitic disease
The working material I used were the medical and surgical cases from the Medical and
Surgical Clinics of Cluj-Napoca and Sălaj (Clinica Chirurgie III Clinica Chirurgie V și and the
ambulatory of a private policlinic) The types of data collected and used within this study were
gender age origin clinical diagnosis the hydatid cyst complications hydatid cyst antecedents the
imagistic diagnosis methods performed (abdominal ultrasound scan pulmonary Rx CT RM
surgical treatment the examination of the surgical piece hystopathological) laboratory analysis
finding the location of the cystic formation depending on the hepatic segmentation and depending on
the organ in question the serological diagnosis methods performed (immunoenzyme IgG anti-
echinococcus ELISA method IgG echinococcus Western- blot method)
24 Results
The results obtained determined that there isnrsquot a significant association between IgG
echinococcus Western-blot and the hydatid disease diagnosis (pgt005) notwithstanding when
eosinophilia is present results a relatively high coincidence of 71 (IC=52 - 85) with the hydatid
cyst diagnosis
The statistic analysis of imagistic investigation results and surgical and paraclinical
confirmation results correlation presented a sensibility of 9689 for the imagistic investigation the
specificity was of 100 they dont differ significantly from statistical point of view The diagnosis
value of the imagistic examination is given by the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative
one (NPP) both of them are over 84 although the NPP is statistical significantly lower than PPV
The evaluation of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA results compared with the surgical
hystopathological and paraclinical confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis determines a Specificity of
9643 and a PPV of 9919 as these are very high it may be considered that ELISA method is a
good screening test
By comparison with imagistic ultrasound scan or CT investigations the IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA has a lower Youden index As a consequence from this point of view IgG
antiechinococcus ELISA seems to be a less conclusive diagnosis test comparing with the mentioned
imagistic investigations On the other side comparing the trust intervals of Specificity PPV and
imagistic investigations (globally ultrasound scan CT) and IgG antiechinococcus ELISA we observe
that they donrsquot differ statistically speaking
The imagistic investigation results and those of IgG antiechinococcus ELISA associate
significantly It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients
(contingency Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic
investigation results and those of the IgG antiechinococcus ELISA are significantly statistical
(plt0001) It should be mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0522 indicates the fact
that between the two examinations exist a moderate concordance
Imunoblot technique is a strong confirmation and differential serological diagnosis test
between the two major relevant infections the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis [8]
The evaluation of IgG echinococcus Western Blot investigation results by comparison with
the surgical hystopathological and paraclinial confirmation of hydatid cyst diagnosis revealed a
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
Specificity of 100 an a positive predictive value of 100 as these are very high you may consider
that the IgG echinococcus Western Blot detecting test is a good screening test
It is noticeable that at the same time with the other association coefficients (contingency
Kendal tau coefficient) the concordance coefficient between the imagistic investigation results and
those of the IgG echinococcus Western blot are significantly statistical (plt0001) It should be
mentioned that the concordance measure Kappa = 0816 indicates the fact that between the two
examinations exist a very good concordance
25 DEBATES
The evaluation of the eosinophilia as diagnosis marker in cystic echinococcosis allowed
some authors to assert that eosinophilia is not enough to settle the cystic echinococcosis diagnosis
but also a complementary clinical diagnosis [9]
The ultrasound scan sensibility and specificity was reported in more studies in the literature
as between 88-98 and 95-100 respectively for human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis The
authors consider it as the ldquogolden standardrdquo although admit the imperfection of this technique The
clinical investigation the laboratory examination and the epidemiological data are also considered
important for the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnosis [10
]
The serological tests contribute to the diagnosis IgG antibodies detection had a sensibility of
95 and 94 specificity in a study conducted by Shambesh MA and company [11
] The sensibility
obtained by Shambesh is significantly higher than that determined in our study which determines a
sensibility of 74 with IC= 6907-8272 In exchange the specificity doesnt differ significantly
from statistical point of view of that obtained in our study (9643 IC=8165-9991)
The echinococcosis infections are considered ones of the most dangerous human helminthic
diseases The difference between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis is important from the
prognostic and treatment point of view
In different stages of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis the most relevant test was
appreciated the Western blot IgG echinococus test whih confirmed the positive results [12
]
The research conducted in order to determined IgG echinococcus presence through Western
blot method reported to the considered golden method (surgical hystopathological and paraclinical
diagnosis confirmation) showed a sensibility of 9211 (IC = 7862 - 9834) the specificity
being of 100 (IC = 8389 - 100) data like the ones met in the specialty literature
In the most countries the alveolar echinococcosis has an endemic character and is
continuously extending with an alarming rapidity becoming an emergent disease
The adult parasite Emultilocularis was not yet found in Romania up now in any permanent
host [13
]
The study conducted revealed through the Western blot method for the first time in our
country the possibility of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in human Next studies are
needed to determine the alveolar echinococcosis persons in Romania under the conditions of its
existence in a number of countries in Europe including Romania neighbouring countries (Hungary
Ukraine) centralizing the recent researches about the epidemiological situation the clinical
problems and the therapeutic options the authors described in the first case the alveolar
echinococcosis in Hungary In order to confirm these rare infections you must take in consideration
the differential diagnosis with other infiltrative hepatic lesions [14
]
No case was confirmed in Romania through other studies We recommend the introduction of
this method in the screening and diagnosis of this serious disease
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
In the attempt to compare the methods used in hydatid cyst diagnosis and the obtained results
through these methods we may assert that Western blot IgG echinococcus test is the most sensible in
determining an etiological diagnosis
REFERENCES
1 Junie Monica Zoe Coroiu Carmen Costache 2002 The consequences of Echinococcus
granulosus infection in the human population Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 32 86-91
2 Seres Ştefania Monica Junie V Cozma 2009 Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Cluj
county Romania revealed by PCR Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 1o1-2 68-71
3 Coroiu Zoe Judith Bele Cornelia Munteanu Rodica Radu 2007 Aspecte epidemiologice
privind hidatidoza umană icircn judeţul Cluj pe o perioada de 20 de ani (1981-2000) Rev Scientia
Parasitologica 81 32-38
4 A Lahuerta T Westrell J Takkinen F Boelaert V Rizzi B Helwigh B Borck H
Korsgaard A Ammon P Maumlkelauml Zoonoses icircn the European Union origin distribution and
dynamics ndash the EFSA - ECDC summary report 2009
5 Craig PS 1997 Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and a comparison of techniques
for diagnosis of canine echinococcosis In Compendium on cystic echinococcosis icircn Africa and
Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco Brigham Young University Pris
Services Provo
6 Schipper HG Modern management of echinococcosis World Gastroenterology News vol 9 nr
2 2004
7 Arda B H Pulukccedilu T Yamazhan OR Sipahi S Tamsel G Demirpolat M Korkmaz 2009
Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus detected using enzyme immunoassay and abdominal
ultrasonography icircn a group of students staying icircn a state dormitory icircn Turkey Turk J Med Sci
391 1-4
8Liance M V Janin S Bresson-Hadni DA Vuitton R Houin R Piarroux 2000
Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a
new comercial Western blot J Clin Microbiol 38 3718-3721
9Karadam SY Ertabaklar H Sari C Dayanir Y Ertuğ S Should cystic echinococcosis be
investigated icircn patients having high eosinophil countsTurkiye Parazitol Derg 200933(3)203-6
10 Macpherson CN Milner R Performance characteristics and quality control of community based
ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis Acta Trop 2003 Feb85(2)203-9
11 Shambesh MA Craig PS Macpherson CN Rogan MT Gusbi AM Echtuish EF An extensive
ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis icircn
northern Libya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999 Mar 60(3)462-8
12 Reiter-Owona I Gruumlner B Frosch M Hoerauf A Kern P Tappe D Serological confirmatory
testing of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in clinical practice results of a comparative study
with commercialized and in-house assays Clin Lab 200955(1-2)41-8
13 Sikoacute Barabaacutesi S Și Cozma V 2008 Echinococoza alveolară O posibilă zoonoză emergentă icircn
Romacircnia (Sinteză) RevScientia Parasitologica 9 1 48-60
14 Horvaacuteth Andrea Patonay Attila Baacutenhegyi Deacutenes Szlaacutevik Jaacutenos Balaacutezs Gyoumlrgy Goumlroumlg Deacutenes
Eacutes Werling Klaacutera A humaacuten Echinococcus multilocularis infectio elsocirc hazai esete Beeacuterkezett
2007 november 16 elfogadva 2008 maacutercius 7
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
CURRICULUM VITAE
1 Surname Ciobanca
2 Name Petrica Teofil
3 Date and place of birth 25111979 Zalau Salaj
4 Citizenship Romanian
5 Marital status married
6 Contact Tel 0040-740052584 E-mailpetrica_ciobancayahoocom
7 Studies
Institution
bdquoVasile Goldisrdquo
West University
Arad
ldquoIuliu Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of Cluj-
Napoca]
ldquoCarol Davilardquo
University of
Medicine of
Bucharest]
ldquoIuliu
Haţieganurdquo
University of
Medicine and
Pharmacy of
Cluj-Napoca]
Theoretical High
School of Zalau
Physics -
Mathematics
specialty]
Period October 2004
June 2005
January 2005
February 2005
January 2005
March 2005
October 1998
September 2004
September 1994
July 1998
Skills of
diplomas
obtained
Masterrsquos Degree
in
Financial
Accounting and
Legal
Management of
the Companies
Certificate of
graduation
general ultrasound
scan post-
university course
module I
Certificate of
graduation
general
ultrasound scan
post-university
course module
II
University
Degree
General
Medicine
High School
Diploma
8 Scientific title Medical doctor University Assistant Full-time doctoral student 9 Professional experience
Period Position Responsibilities
01 11 2005 ndash up
now
- University Assistant
- Resident Physician in
Laboratory Medicine
- Full-time doctoral
student
UM F bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo CLUJ
- Didactical activity in Microbiology (Bacteriology
Parasitology Virology Mycology) with the 2nd
3rd
year
students General Medicine Pharmacy Medical Colleges
within Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy
- Stages within residency activity
- Research activity
01012006 ndash up
now
- Physician SALVO - SAN
- medical practice in general medicine
0106 2009 ndash
2011 2009
SHO ndash RMO RMO INTERNATIONAL
-Medical practice clinical investigations before and after
operation
-The manager of resuscitation team in emergency cases
15012007 ndash
14112007
Resident physician in
Family Medicine Spitalul Clinic Judetean de Urgenta Cluj Napoca
- clinical examinations EKG diagnosis and treatment
stages in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Psychiatry Infectious
Diseases
29082005 ndash
10092005
Physician in training Kantonal Flawil Hospital Switzerland
-Internal Medicine stages presentations and diagnosis
examinations
01012005 ndash Physician in training Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj Napoca
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
01012006 - Internal Medicine stages for 6 months
- Surgery stages for 6 months
14032005 ndash
01042005
Physician in training bdquoMaria Sklodowska Curierdquo Paediatrics Clinical Hospital
- I assisted in the performance of endoscopic investigations
Post university courses General ultrasound scan first module January 2005 - February 2005
General ultrasound scan second module January 2005 ndash March 2005
Occupational medicine
Surgical emergencies in the children
Resuscitation course in adults
ALS - London Ambulance Service
EPLS - Royal Brompton Hospital London
Emergency ultrasonography
EKG
Doppler echography
10 The current place of work and position University assistant Full-time doctoral student
bdquoIuliu Hatieganurdquo University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca
11 Seniority in the current place of work 6 years
12 Works elaborated and or published Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (B-783) 2005 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Types of Infections Abstracts of the
XIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology July 23-28 San
Francisco California USA - ISBN1-555-81-353-4
Monica Junie Petrica Ciobanca (M-722) 2005 Evolution of Resistance Phenomenon to
Antimycotic Drugs of Candida Species and Dermatophytes Abstracts of the XIth International
Congress of Mycology July 23-28 San Francisco California USA ISBN1-555-81-354-2
Lia Monica Junie Doina Matinca Doina Tăţulescu AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Hospital
Infectious International Journal of Infectious Diseases vol10 suppl 1 ISSN 1201 ndash 9712 pag
S 78 Lisabon Portugal ISSN 1201-9712 IJID indexed in MEDLINE EMCASE Escerpta
Media and Urlichs Elsevier Publishing Presented at the International Congress of Infectious
Diseases sesiunea Antibiotic Resistance ndash Gram negatives (poster nr 13003) iunie 15-18
Lia Monica Junie Zoe Coroiu şi col AN Ferke Petrica Ciobanca 2006 The significance of
AntiToxoplasma IgG and IgM Antibodies Detection in Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis Abstract
books the 12th
ISID pag 80 Presented at the 12th
ISID 15-18 iunie 2006 Lisbon Portugal
Sectiunea Parasitic Infectious
Junie Monica Petrica Ciobanca 2006 Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Of
Candida Isolates Colected From Hospitalised Patients Abstracts of 16th
European Congress Of
Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases Nice France 1- 4 aprilie 2006
Constantea N şi Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Studiul clinic pentru icircmbunătăţirea metodelor de
diagnostic de laborator şi profilaxia chistului hidatic RevRomde Parasitol 17 48-49
Junie Monica N Constantea Petrica Ciobanca 2007 Surveillance programme in
echinococcosis and importance in the prophylaxis and therapy of human infection Clinical
Microbiology and Infection 132
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality
Christofidou M Spiliopoulou A Vamvacopoulou S Stamoulis V Dimitracopoulos G
Anastassiou ED Monica Junie Costache C Colosi I Ciobanca P T 2008 Species
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from hospitalized patients
in Romania and Greece Scientia Parasitologica161-7 ISSN 1582 - 1366
L M Junie Vasile Cozma Zoe Coroiu Petrica Ciobanca 2009 ldquoEpidemiology of human
echinococcosis in Europe pg 109-127
Junie Monica S Răpuntean N Fiţ Cosmina Cuc F Puiu Gh Răpuntean L Deac Simion P
T Ciobanca 2009 Alternative therapies for combating antimicrobial resistence and reduction
of severe nosocomial infections Abstract Book of IMED (International Meeting on Emerging
Diseases and Surveillance) Vienna Austria Februarie 13-16 2009 Abstract 10152 pg86
V Cosma PT Ciobanca R Blaga C Gherman Lia Monica Junie 2009 Hydatidosis
Epidemiology at Humans and Animals in the Area of the Center and North-Vest Romania
Abstract book of IMED bdquoInternational Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillancerdquo
Vienna Austria Februarie pg86
Ciobanca Petrica Monica Junie 2011 Serological diagnosis and its applicability to the
prophylaxis and therapy of hydatid cyst in human patients Rev Scienţia Parasitologica 121
39-46
Ciobanca Petrica Teofil Junie Lia Monica 2011 Diagnosis confirmation of human cystic
echinococcosis by imagistic methods and immunoserological determinations Scientia
Parasitologica12(3) 151-161
13 Foreign languages English-advanced French ndashbeginner German ndash beginner
14 Specialties and qualifications Ultrasound scan PC operator
15 Experience assimilated within the national international programs
Program project Position Period
A national network making regarding
the study of some parasitic zoonosis and
their implications in food safetyCEEX
1782005 lasting 25 months
Developed in collaboration with the
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine University
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 ndash2007
Interdisciplinary evaluation and
optimization of the screening diagnosis
and treatment methods in triquinelosis
human and animal cystic echinococcosis
in the centre and north - west of
Romania - TRICHIDrdquo CEEX program
1992006
Developed between the Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
University (project leader) and UMF
Cluj-Napoca (partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006 -2008
bdquoA national network making for
researching the dermatophytosis in
human and animals CEEX program
1512006
Developed between USAMV (project of
the leader) and UMF Cluj- Napoca
(partner)
Doctoral student Economic
responsible person
2006-2008
I declare on my own liability that the data mentioned are according to reality