STICLA.Toma Ancuta.docx

7/25/2019 STICLA.Toma Ancuta.docx

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CUPRINS

INTRODUCERE....................................................................................................................2

1.GENERALIT I................................................................................................................3

1.1.Compozi ia chimic a stic!o".........................................................................................31.2. #at!"ii p"im! $% i%&'st"ia stic!i ....................................................................................(1.3. P"i%cipa!! m!to&! &! )aso%a"!......................................................................................(

2.PROPRIET ILE STICLELOR.....................................................................................*2.1.P"op"i!t i! s'p!")icia! a! stic!i............................................................................*2.2.P"op"i!t i m!ca%ic!........................................................................................................*2.3.P"op"i!t i t!"mic! ..........................................................................................................+2.,.P"op"i!t i optic! .......................................................................................................+2.(.P"op"i!t i !!ct"ic!........................................................................................................+

3. RECICLAREA STICLEI.......................................... ........................................................-3.1. P"oc!s' &! "!'tiiza"! a stic!i...............................................................................1

CONCLU/II........................................................................................................................110I0LIOGRAIE .................................................................................................................12

1


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STICLA

INTRODUCERE

Stica !st! '%' &i%t"! c!! mai !chi mat!"ia! "!aizat! i 'tiizat! &! om. P"ima

)o"m &! stic !st! c!a %at'"a p"o&'s &! oit'"a )'!"''i. P! pa4!! i &! !"t'"i! %isipoas! &i% zo%!! )"!c!%tat! &! )'"t'%i c' t"z%!t! s! s!sc &!st' &! )"!c!%t )o"m!&! stic %at'"a5 )o"mat &! t!mp!"at'"a "i&icat a t"z%!t''i. 6% a%'mit! oc'"i &i% SUA7!8. o"i&a sa' Cai)o"%ia9 ac!st!a s! com!"ciaiz!az5 )ii%& :%&'t! t'"i tio" )i! $%)o"m!! ci'&at! %at'"a!5 )i! c' a%'mit! p"!'c""i.

P"i%cipa' c"it!"i' $% &!)i%i"!a stic!i $ co%stit'i! m!to&a &! o; i%!"! i a%'m! s';"ci"!a topit'"io". Stic!! pot a!a compozi ii )oa"t! &i)!"it! i a"iat!. 6% 'timii a%i5 &! m'ta at!% i! s! ;'c'" o %o' cat!o"i! &! stic!5 c!! m!taic!5!8ti%z:%&'II. P"ima )a;"ic &! stic &i% Roma%ia a )ost

co%st"'it a% T:"oi t! i apa" i%!a 'i #at!i >oi!o& 71*(9. 6% s!co!! ?I?


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1.GENERALIT I

Stica !st! o s';sta% soi&5 amo")5 t"a%spa"!%t5 t"a%s'ci& sa' opac5 &'"5 c''% 'ci' pa"tic'a"5 ipsit &! )!8i;iitat!5 casa%t5 "' co%&'catoa"! &! ca&'" i &!!!ct"icitat!5 )o"mat &i%t"


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&! apa i a i a!% i !8t!"%i. E8!mp! &! ast)! &! o8izi s'%t= o8i&' &! ma%!zi' 7#O95 o8i&' &! caci' 7CaO95 o8i&' &! ;a"i' 70aO9 i o8i&' &! p'm; 7P;O9.

P!%t"' a ' '"a p"oc!s' &! topi"!5 imp!zi"! i !a;o"a"! a stic!i5 $% compozi ia stic!i s! i%c'& i o s!"i! &! co%stit'!% i mi%o"i ca"! pot )i s';sta% ! o8i&ic! i %!o8i&ic!. Ac! tia s! %'m!sc= a)i%a% i sa' imp!zito"i 7azotat' &! so&i' NaNO 35 s')at' &! so&i'

NaSO,5 &i)o"'"a &! caci' Ca39 acc!!"ato"i &! topi"! 7NaNO35 02O3 5 As2O39&!coo"a% i chimici 7Ca 2 5 NaNO3 5 02O3 5 As2O39 &!coo"a% i )izici 7o8i&' &! %ich!


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2.%ropriet ile sticlei

Stica i p"o&'s!! &i% stic oc'p '% oc impo"ta%t5 $% a%'mit! &om!%ii &!'tiiza"!5 c'm a" )i= a"tico! &! m!%a45 !am'"i!5 a"tico!! optic!5 p"o&'s!! &i% stic'%&! %' pot )i $%oc'it!5 c' ;'%! "!z'tat!5 &! at! m")'"i. C'%oa t!"!a p"op"i!t io"

stic!i p"!zi%t impo"ta% 5 &!oa"!c! !! &!t!"mi% caitat!a5 so"tim!%t' i aoa"!a &! 'tiiza"! a a"tico!o" &i% stic.P"op"i!t i! !%!"a! a! stic!o" s'%t &!t!"mi%at! &! compozi ia acestora i de

modul de ob inere. Compozi ia &!t!"mi% p"op"i!t i! &! 'tiiza"!5 ca"act!"istic! soi&''i 7mat!"ia''i it"os95 $% timp c!5 mo&' &! o; i%!"! imp'%! stic!o" a%'mit! p"op"i!t i ca"act!"istic! a t!mp!"at'"i $%at!5 $% sta"! topit.

6% p"ima cat!o"i! 7&!t!"mi%at &! compozi i!95 s! $%ca&"!az p"op"i!t i! m!ca%ic!5 t!"mic!5 optic!5 !!ct"ic! i chimic!5 ia" $% c!a &!t!"mi%at &! mo&' &! o; i%!"! s'%t i%c's! p"op"i!t i! s'p!")icia! a! stic!i i c!! impicat! $% &!)o"ma"!a stic!o".

2.1.Propriet ile superficiale a! stic!i topit!5 ca"! p"!zi%t impo"ta% $% p"oc!s' &!

p"!'c"a"!5 s'%t= :scozitat!a5 t!%si'%!a s'p!")icia5 capacitat!a &! c"istaiza"!5 capacitat!a&! 'm!cta"!.

Vscozitatea !st! i%)'!% &! compozi ia chimic a stic!i. Topit'"i! o8izio" )o"mato"i &! "! !a c' st"'ct'"i t"i&im!%sio%a! sa' ;i&im!%sio%a! a' :scozit i "i&icat!. P"!z!% a '%o" o8izi ai !!m!%t!o" poia!%t! 7o8izii mo&i)icato"i9 i%)'!% !az :scozitat!a topit'"io" o8izio" )o"mato"i &!poim!"iz%& st"'ct'"a i &!t!"mi%:%&sc&!"!a s';sta% ia a :scozit ii 7o8i&' &! ;a"i' 0aO i o8i&' &! p'm; P;O "!&'c :scozitat!a5 ia" a%hi&"i&a ;o"ic 02O3sa' )os)atic P2O(co%t"i;'i! a c"! t!"!a ac!st!i9.>:scozitat!a !st! i%)'!% at &! t!mp!"at'"a "i&icat 712


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a%hi&"i& ;o"ic 02O35 o8i& &! a'mi%i' A2O3 i o8i& &! caci' CaO a' o &'"itat! ma"!5ia" c!a ca"! a"! '% co% i%'t "i&icat &! o8izi acai%i sa' $% o8i& &! p'm; P;O a"! o &'"itat!mic.

Fragilitateasa' "!zist!% a a oc m!ca%ic !st! o p"op"i!tat! c! i%)'!% !aza %!ati caitat!a stic!i i $i imit!az 'tiiz"i!. La ac!asta co%t"i;'i! at:t compozi ia chimic

7;o"osiica ii &!t!"mi% o )"aiitat! mai mic $% itmp c! o8izii acai%i &! so&i' i potasi' i o8i&' &! p'm; m"!sc )"aiitat!a95 c:t i p"!z!% a '%o" t!%sii'%i i%t!"%!. "aiitat!a s! poat! am!io"a p"i% t"atam!%t! m!ca%ic!. Stica cit i "cit ;"'sc a"! o "!zist!% a oc m!ca%ic mai ma"! &! (aoa"!a co%&'cti;iit ii t!"mic! !st! c'p"i%s $%t"! 53


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!!ctic $% timp c!5 c!ia i o8izi &i% compozi ia stic!i5 o "!&'c. U% at )acto" ca"! i%)'!% !az co%&'ctiit ii !!ct"ic! $ co%stit'i! t"atam!%t' t!"mic a ca"! !st! s'p's stica p! pa"c'"s' p"oc!s''i t!h%ooic. Ast)!5 stica cit co%&'c! c'"!%t' &! 2


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$.Reciclarea sticlei

Stica co%stit'i! ;aza '%!i i%&'st"ii p"osp!"!5 !stimat! a o aoa"! &! +( &!miia"&! H5 &i% ca"! o cot impo"ta%t "!i%! p"o&'c i!i &! am;aa4! 7$% )i!ca"! a% s!

p"o&'c cca ,1 &! miia"&! &! stic! i ;o"ca%!9.

R!cipi!%t!! &i% stic a' o isto"i! &! (. &! a%i. S'%t "!aizat! i )oosit! $%ca &i%a%tichitat!5 &! ct"! "oma%i i !ipt!%i5 ia" moti!! p!%t"' ca"! s'%t )oosit! p:% $% zi'a&! astzi s! !aa &! aa%ta4!! o"=

a9 s! "!aiz!az p"i%t"


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)c't '"mato"' 'c"'= a' o;iat maazi%!! ca"! :%& '% a%'mit %'ma" &! stic! p! '%s ai; i '% oc sp!cia am!%a4at '%&! ci!% ii s poat "!t'"%a stic!! &'pa co%s'm5

p"imi%& $% schim;' ac!sto"a o s'm. O s'm ca"! %' co%stit'i! "!o "!comp!%s p!%t"'!st' o"5 ci !st! o s'ma p! ca"! !i a' patit


10/12

&! stica5 !am pat sa' )i;"a &! stica5 &a" mat!"ia' poat! m!"! i a !8po"t5 c!"!"!a &!stica "!cicata )ii%& $% c"!st!"! a %i! mo%&ia.

I% )i%a5 p't!m sp'%! ca a %i! mo%&ia s


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CONCLU'II

Stic!! s'%t mat!"ia! amo")! 7%!c"istaizat!95 c' "!zist!% m!ca%ic i &'"itat! ma"!5 c' co!)ici!%t &! &iata"! mic. La t!mp!"at'"i mai $%at! s! compo"t ca ichi&!!s';"cit! c' :scozitat! ma"!. N' a' p'%ct &! topi"! &!)i%it. P"i% $%cazi"! s! $%moai!

t"!ptat5 p:% a ich!)i!"!5 c!!a c! p!"mit! p"!'c"a"!a stic!i p"i% s')a"!5 p"!sa"!5 t'"%a"!5ami%a"!.Stic!! s! o; i%5 $% !%!"a5 p"i% topi"!a $% c'ptoa"! sp!cia! a '%'i am!st!c )o"mat

&i% %isip &! c'a" 5 piat" &! a"5 ca";o%at &! so&i' 7sa' &! potasi'9 i mat!"ia! a'8iia"!. P"op"i!t i! )izic! a! stic!o" s'%t &!t!"mi%at! &! compozi ia o" i s'%t impo"ta%t!

p!%t"' &i!"s! &om!%ii &! 'tiiza"!. A%'mit! "'p! &! p"op"i!t i5 c'm a" )i c!! optic! i !!ct"ic!5 a' &!t!"mi%at apa"i ia '%o" &om!%ii pa"tic'a"! &! 'tiiza"! sa' chia" a '%o""am'"i %oi 7c'm a" )i apica ii! $% opto!!ct"o%ic9.

I%&'st"ia stic!i s! %'m" p"i%t"! i%&'st"ii! ca"! p"!zi%t "a&! ma"i &! po'a"!5ac!asta &i% ca'za mat!"iio" p"im! c' ca"! s! 'c"!az5 a p"o&'s!o" sa' s';p"o&'s!o" p!ca"! ! o; i%! i a p"oc!s!o" t!h%ooic! p"i% ca"! ac!st!a s'%t o; i%'t!. Etap!! p"i%cipa!

&i% p"oc!s' &! )a;"ica i! ca"! co%&'c a apa"i ia )acto"io" po'a% i s'%t= am!st!ca"!a i &oza"!a mat!"iio" p"im!5 topi"!a am!st!c''i &! mat!"ii p"im!.

P!%t"' "!&'c!"!a a!% io" c' ac i'%! &'%atoa"! as'p"a o"a%ism''i i m!&i''i $%co%4'"ato" ca"! s! "sp:%&!sc $% atmos)!" $% timp' p"oc!s!o" t!h%ooic!5 si%'"aso' i! "m:%! &imi%'a"!a ca%tit ii &! %o8! $%ai%t! &! i%t"a"!a $% co 5 ca"! &! )apt5 $%

p"!z!%t !st! '"m"it i apicat $% &i!"s! a"ia%t! p! pa% mo%&ia5 i%c'si p"i% ms'"i!isati!.

Stica s! poat! "!cica $% p"opo" i! &! 15 "!&'c:%& ast)! !misii! &! &io8i& &!ca";o% $% atmos)!" i &'c:%& a o !co%omisi"! a !%!"i!i &! p"o&'c i!. La %i! mo%&ia5 s! poat! sp'%! ca $% p"!z!%t s


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(I(LIO)RA*IE

1. Io%!a C"z!a%'5 Chimia mat!"ia!o"5 E&. Oi&i's U%i!"sitM P"!ss5 Co%sta% a5 pa.1(

STICLA.Toma Ancuta.docx

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