Omul intre "a fi" si "a nu fi" Probleme fundamentale bioetica

8/3/2019 Omul intre "a fi" si "a nu fi" Probleme fundamentale bioetica

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Pkakl{zlck kygc{zll kplhk m iom`# `kx~zk hk hompllm aozgc ~ogpk il yozjg?

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m gc òlckg zm`# gyka ao`kc{ccljkzgc!zg`lhgc -

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Lgz h{ ~zlylzk cg k{pgmgxlg yoc{mpgz# hg kr~zkxlk x{~zka g cljkzpll oa{c{l# DZghbkcx xhzlk4

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G~ol# x{mp illmkck {agmk hgzk m{ igh ~gzpk `lm hoa{mlpgpk# `khl m{ x{mp ~kzxo`gz ~op `kykml- Ghkxpkg x{mp kajzlom{c# iokp{x! {c# ho~lc{c- Ghkplg m{ g{ `k cg mgp{zhgclpgpkg `k ~kzxogm# mlhl `zk~p{zl- K hoa{mlpgpkg kplh ghkkg hgzk l ck ghoz`# homxl`kz h k {plc ~kmpz{ jlmkck xohlkpll- Gxpikc Kmfkcbgz`p d{xplilh gylmigmplhl`{c-

m gc pzklckg zm`# x{mp lm`lyltll krhc{l `lm hoa{mlpgpkg kplh- X{mp hkl hgzk g{ ~hg~ghlpgpkg `k g `khl`k4 jocmgyll m hoa# `kakmll# jocmgyll lmh{zgjlcl- Kl m{ ~op igh ~gzpk `lm hoa{mlpgpk- ôp il kclalmgl ~zlm k{pgmgxlk- Xhzlk KmfkcbgzÀgm{gc{c `k j lokplh4

*M{ pogpk illmkck {agmk x{mp ~kzxogmk- Ho~lll# mpztlgll almpgcl fzgyl l hgzk xk gic m hoa iz x~kzgm homxplp{lk krka~ck `k mom!~kzxogmk {agmk- Gxkakmkg kmplpl x{mp akajzk gck x~khlkl {agmk- mx m xlmk l ~zlmxlmk m{ g{ xpgp{p m hoa{mlpgpkg kplh* -


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10/76

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oa{c kxpk ~gzpk g {mlykzx{c{l# kxpk j{m- Pop hk a~lk`lh kyoc{lg kxpk z{- l `gh ghkxp ~zohkx hoxaox{c kxpk x{~{x kyoc{lkl# xohlkplck x{mp x{~{xk l kck kyocm{ m{agl zkclfllck# h{cp{zlck# gzpkck# ygcozlck x~lzlp{gck x{mp x{~{xk kyoc{lkaozgcg- Gyka `k! g ighk `khl h{ o kplh l h{ o jlokplh kyoc{lomlxp- Hkkg hk kzg z{ m pzkh{p# ~ogpk `kykml j{m m ~zktkmp- Xk plk h ozlhk ckfk# hblgz m c{akg iltlh#mgp{zg xg k ykmlh l {mlykzxgc4 :%: g{ ih{p l yoz ighk mpop`kg{mg 0- m homhkkyoc{lomlxp ckfkg aozgc `kylmk hoa~ckp zkcgply5 kg xk xhblaj m i{mhlkaoakmp{c l xpg`l{c kyoc{lkl {agmk- Ghkgxp homhk~lk gzkcgplylxa{c{l aozgc# iogzpkzx~m`lp gtl# o zkickhp kr~zkxll hg ghkxpkg ~k hgzk ck g{tla cg pop ~gx{c4*Pzkj{lk x ll ~gx{c h{ pla~{c' X{mpka m ~zgf{c alckml{c{l gc pzklckg# m{ agl x{mpka m KyAk`l{' @k hk xk mh~mkgt gppg Jlxkzlhg l zki{t x g~zojk gyozp{c? Gyozp{c ighk ~gzpk `lm h{cp{zg pla~{c{l moxpz{# lgz Jlxkzlhg pzkj{lk x xk g`g~pktk# x m{ ilk mhompzgpla~ h{ akzx{c c{all'*

Agl akzlp x ilk galmplp glhl hzlpkzl{c `k kygc{gzk g illmkcoz yll m i{mhlhg~ghlpgpkg coz `k g x{i kzl- Gym` m yk`kzk h kajzlom{c m{ gzk hg~ghlpgpkg `k gx{ikzl# kc kxpk homxl`kzgp x{~kzloz {mkl iz{mtk `k xgcgp# `gz lmikzloz {m{l gmlagc x{ikz- [zam` ghkxp hzlpkzl{# m Fkzagmlg# `k ~lc`# xk hkzk lmpkztlhkzkgkr~kzlkmkcoz ih{pk ~k gmlagc lghhk~pgzkg coz ~k iokp{x!{c {agm-

Gmpzo~ocoflg ~kzxomgclxp

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H{ymp{c cgplm*~kzxomg* "m fzkhkpk~zo x~om, mxkgam agxh `k pkgpz{-Pkzakm{c gzgp hgzghpkz{c xghz{ gc ~kzxogmkl4 hlmk ~{zpg agxhg mpz{hbl~g `lylmlpxg{ ~zlakg hkyg `lm mx{lzlck `lylmlpll g hzkl agxh o ~{zpg-

m gmpzo~ocoflg ~kzxomgclxp ao`kzm ~kzxogmg gzk {zapogzkck hgzghpkz lxplhlkxkmlgck4

g, ^kzxogmg kxpk o illm hgzk gzk {m hgzghpkz jlohblalh g~gzlmm` x~khlkl {agmKajzlom{c {agm iozagp m{agl `lm hpkyg hkc{ck m{ ~ogpk il# ~zlm {zagzk# pzgpgp hgfzag` `k hkc{ck xg{ hg {m kajzlom `k ogzkhk-

j, ^kzxogmg kxpk agzh gp `k xkr{gclpgpk gpp ~k ~cgm jlocoflh# hp l ~k ~cgm ~xlblh- G!l agml~{cg xkr{gclpgpkg mxkgam g!l agml~{cg illmg mpz !{mg `lm hkck agl ~zoi{m`k`lakmxl{ml gck xgck-

h, ^kzxogmg kxpk {m lm`lyl`# g`lh o zkgclpgpk lm`lyltljlc- M{ xk ~ogpk plg o j{hg`lm kg xg{ plg m `o{ ~kmpz{ g ighk `lm kg `o{ ~kzxogmk h{a xk mhkgzh ~zlmhcomgzk-

`, ^kzxogmg kxpk o ~kzxogm hgzk hoa{mlh h{ gmp{zgd{c- Hoa{mlhgzkg `lmpzk agal kajzlom mhk~k `lm aoakmp{c m hgzk agag plk h kxpk mxzhlmgp-


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k, ^kzxogmg kxpk hg~gjlc `k zkickhlk- Gzk o hompllm- K hg~gjlc x x~{m*k{* - Khomplkmp `k kg mxl# `k pzkh{p{c# ~zktkmp{c l yllpoz{c kl gmplhl~gp-

i, ^kzxogmg kxpk cljkz- Cljkz m{ m xkmx{c `k g ighk m{ la~ozp hk# `gz m xkmx{c~ogpk x gckgf mpzk g xk gclkmg# g xk a~{lmg ~k xlmk mxl xg{ `k g `kykml agoa- Cljkzpgpkg kxpk c{hz{c hkc agl ~zklox ~kmpz{ ~kzxogmg {agm-f, ^kzxogmg kxpk {mlh m c{ak- M{ x{mp `o{ ~kzxogmk l`kmplhk- [mlh m hkkg h~zlykpk hoz~{c x{ ~zlmpzk gcpkck m ~opkmlgc{c fkmkplh l hzklkz{c h{ ckfp{zmk{zoml# {mlh m hkkg hk ~zlykpk ~xlblh{c# {mlh ~zlm lxpozlg ylkll xgck ~k hg!ohomxpz{lkpk {tm` `k cljkzpgpkg xg-

Gmpzo~ocoflg ~kzxomgclxp xk mpkaklgt ~k zkickhlg ~zoi{m` gx{~zg oa{c{l mgp{zll {agmk l gx{~zg h{ymp{c{l*~kzxogm* - Oa{c kxpk ~kzxogm `kogzkhk kxpk{mlhg illm hg~gjlc `k zkickhlk l `k cljkz gckfkzk# kxpk {mlhg illm hg~gjlc`kxho~kzk xkmx{c c{hz{zlcoz- @lxpgmg ompocoflh l grlocoflh hk `kx~gzpk i{agm `k gmlagc kxpk lmilmlp agl agzk `khp hkg hgzk `kx~gzpk ~cgmpg `k zk~plc xg{~lgpzg `k ~cgmp- m ilkhgzk oa# m ilkhgzk ~kzxogm {agm# kxpk xlmpkpltgp c mpzkgf l hoxaox{c kxpk `k~lp- Ilkhgzk oa homlmk m kc xkmx{c {mlykzx{c{l l pygcogzkg {agmlpll-

Krlxp agl a{cpk pl~{zl `k ~kzxomgclxa `lmpzk hgzk xk zkagzh m ao` `koxkjlp~kzxomgclxa{c ompocoflh hgzk `kilmkpk oa{c m ~zla{c zm` ~zlm hkkg hk kxpk kc l m~zlm hkkg hk ighk xg{ ~oxk`- Oa{c homxplp{lk o {mlpgpk krlxpkmlgc l kxkmlgc mhk~{p ~m cg xizlp# `k cg homhk~kzk l ~m cg aogzpkg xg mgp{zgc- ^kzxokxpk {m pz{~ x~lzlp{gcltgp# {m x~lzlp mpz{~gp hgzk ygcozkgt ~kmpz{ hk kxpk m kg m pogpk `khltllck xgck# ~kzxogmg gmfgdkgt hkkg hk kxpk kg# krlxpkmg l kxkmg xg#pz{~{c l x~lzlp{c x{- Ojlkhply{c aozgckl ~kzxomgclxpk kxpk zkgcltgzkg kxkmkl {azkgcltgzkg oa{c{l m oa- @k ghkkg# ~zlag mpzkjgzk ~k hgzk l!o ~{mk mglmpk `k gxyzl o ghl{mk hkc hgzk {zakgt kplhg ~kzxomgclxp kxpk ghkgxpg4*Ghkxp c{hz{ hompzlj{lk cg {agmltgzkg ~kzxogmkcoz?*

Kplhg ilcoxoilh ~kzxomgclxp# `k lmx~lzglk poalxp# xk ajlm gzaomlox h{ kpkocoflh ~k hgzk o ~zo~{mk Jlxkzlhg Hgpoclh-

^zlmhl~llck pkocoflhk gck jlokplhll hgpoclhk

Kckakmp{c i{m`gakmpgc gc gmpzo~ocoflkl hzkplmk kxpk xpgp{p{c `k hzkgp{z gc oa{c{l-Oa{c kxpk o hzkgp{z l# hg ozlhk hzkgp{z# m{ ~ogpk il fm`lp `khp zg~ozpgp Hzkgpoz# cg @{amktk{- Zg~ozp{c hzkgp{zll {agmk h{ {m @{amktk{ ~kzxomgc kxpk {mzg~ozp gjxoc{p {mlh l ~kzxomgc# hkkg hk ighk `lm oa o ~kzxogm- @kx~zk ckfp{zg~kzxomgc g oa{c{l h{ Hzkgpoz{c yozjkxh a{cpk pkrpk jljclhk ~zlmpzk hgzk ^xgca{c 78># Il{c c{l @{amktk{ g {mlp ~kmpz{ pop`kg{mg pz{~{c moxpz{ h{ gc x{* "@khgzmlx zkx{zzkhplomk# 2,- ^zlm pglmg jopkt{c{l# hzkplm{c g `kykmlp# m popg ~kzxogmkl xgck4 pz{~!x{ickp# o hkc{c ylk g ghkc{l Pz{~ Alxplh "Jlxkzlhg , hk c gzk `zk~phg~ ~k Hzlxpox- @k {m`k zkx~khp{c ~zoi{m` ~kmpz{ pz{~{c `kykmlp a`{cgz gc c{l Hzl pka~c{ gc @{b{c{l Ximp- Pz{~{c m{ pzkj{lk `kfzg`gp ~zlm pzgmxiozagzkg c{l mp!{mxla~c{ lmxpz{akmp `k ~zoh{zgp ~chkzl- K pkag ~k hgzk o `ktjgpk g~oxpoc{c ^gykc m~zlag xhzlxogzk hpzk Hozlmpkml4

*Pz{~{c m{ kxpk ~kmpz{ `kxiz{4 kc kxpk ~kmpz{ @oam{c l @oam{c kxpk ~kmppz{~--- M{ pll h pz{~{c yoxpz{ kxpk pka~c{c @{b{c{l Ximp hgzk coh{lkpk ml ~k hgzk c ! gl ~zlalp `k cg @{amktk{ l h yol m{ x{mpkl gl yopzl? Hhl gl ioxpzxh{a~zgl h{ {m ~zk- ^zkgazll ! c# gg`gz# ~k @{amktk{ m pz{~{c l m`{b{c yoxpz{# hgzk x{mp gck c{l @{amktk{* "7Hoz 9#78-7;-7,-

Homxkhlmk ~zghplhk gck gmpzo~ocoflkl ~kzxomgclxp!hzkplmk m jlokplh

g, Hoz~{c {agm m{ kxpk {m xla~c{ ojlkhp hgzk ~ogpk il hmpzlp# agml~{cgp`kxhoa~{x# hl kxpk ~gzpk homx{jxpgmlgc g ~kzxogmkl-

j, Ylgg iltlh m{ homxplp{lk pogp ygcogzkg ~kzxogmkl# `gz k o ygcogzk i{m`gakmp`kxhblx x~zk ykmlhlk-

h, Cljkzpgpkg kxpk l kg {m `zk~p i{m`gakmpgc l o ygcogzk i{m`gakmpgc# `gz `zk~pcg ylg kxpk agl ~zkx{x `khp `zk~p{c cg cljkzpgpk# illm`h ~kmpz{ g krkzhlpg cljkzppzkj{lk x ~oxktl agl mpl ylgg-

`, Xk ~ogpk xghzlilhg o ~gzpk g hoz~{c{l ~kmpz{ jlmkck hoz~{c{l mpzkf# `gz m{ xk ~o`lxpz{fk o ~gzpk g illmkl {agmk ~kmpz{ jlmkck gcpkl ~zl# `k ~lc`# g xhblajg xkiltlh "pzgmxxkr{gclxa, ~kmpz{ g ylm`khg ~xlblh{c-

k, Ak`lh{c yg zkx~khpg o a{c# ~k pol ogakmll l ~k ilkhgzk m ~gzpk- Ghkxpg k {mla~kzgply hgpkfozlh# `{~ kr~zkxlg c{l Egmp- Kc m{ pzgpkgt pz{~{zl# hl ~kzxog


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^zk{lm`{!l l zkx~khpm`{!l ~zo~zl{c pz{~# kc yg ~zk{l l yg zkx~khpg pz{~{c ozlhz{oa- Kc yg homxl`kzg ~kzxogm g {agm `zk~p xho~ l m{ aldcoh- @k ghkkg m{ yg`lxpz{fk l m{ yg `kfzg`g o ylg {agm h{ xho~{c `k g ighk kr~kzlkmk ak`lhgck-

i, Ak`lh{c pzkj{lk x xyzkgxh ozlhk ghp ak`lhgc h{ zkx~omxgjlclpgpk# m{hc{tlm`{!xk `{~ hzlpkzll x{jlkhplyk# `k oz`lm kaolomgc# m i{mhlk `k xlp{glk#g~kcm` cg hompllmg xg# lmm` homp `k ckflck aozgck- @kogzkhk hompllmg ~{oz ylhplag lfmozgmkl l g lc{tlkl# kg pzkj{lk iozagp l k`{hgp h{ fzld ~zlmxp{`lkzkg l mx{lzkg mozakcoz `kompocoflhk-

f, Ho a{mlpgpkg m{ pzkj{lk x {zaktk ~zlmhl~llck bkòmlxp!{plclpgzlxpk hgzk c xghzlilh~k hkc homxl`kzgp lmkilhlkmp# `la~opzly# yg gd{pg ghoco {m`k mkyolg kxpk agl {zfkl yg hbkcp{l agl a{cp ~kmpz{ hkc hgzk kxpk agl jocmgy-

Homhc{tlk

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Jlokplhg ~kzxomgclxp!hgpoclh k gmfgdgp m g~zgzkg l ~zoaoygzkg ylkll oa{c{l `k cgmgpkzk ~m cg xizlp{c kl mgp{zgc l!l lmylp ~k pol hzkplmll l ~k pol ogakmll `k j{myolm x ~gzplhl~k cg zkgcltgzkg azk{c{l ~zolkhp gc moll h{cp{zl g ylkll-


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^gf- 7;/ 69

ZKYOC[LG XKR[GC

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hompzghk~lg# ikh{m`gzkg lm ylpzo# lmflmkzlg fkmkplh# XL@G# boaoxkr{gcpzgmxxkr{gclxa{c-

^kzlog`g `k ~zkfplzk

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Z`hlmlck `kfzg`zll aozgck ao`kzmk pzkj{lk h{pgpk m K{zo~g xkhoc{c{l gc RYLL!ckghgzk g ioxp agzhgp m ghkgxp ~kzlog` `k {m krgfkzgp zlfozlxa m agpkzlk-^{zlpgmlxa{c ~zopkxpgmp# m x~khlgc hkc hgcylmlxp# l zlfozlxa{c kzkplhlcoz lgmizgmhktl# g{ ~zoyohgp m ghkxp xkhoc m Gmfclg l Izgmg# zkghlg hompzgz- 799># `{~ aogzpkg `lhpgpoz{c{l ~{zlpgm Oclykz Hzoavkcc# òamlg c{l Hgzoc gc LL!ckg m Gmfclg g ioxp hgzghpkzltgp `k ~lkz`kzkg aozgclpll- m Izgmg# C{òylh gc RLY!ckg#laozgc{c *zkfk Xogzk* # x!g hxpozlp m hkck `lm {za h{ gagmpg xg# Ag`gak `k

Aglmpkmom# l x!g homy

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Xkhoc{c gc RYLLL!ckg mhk~kg x{j xkam{c `kfzg`zll aozgck- Ilcoxoilg lc{almlxp g`kxhblx l agl cgzf ~ozlck `kxiz{c{l- Ilcoxoil lc{almlpl hg @gyl` B{ak# Yocpglzk lDkgm!Dghw{kx Zo{xxkg{ ~zo~{mkg{ cljkzpgpkg xkr{gc hg aldcoh `k kcljkzgzk gjzjglcoz l ikaklcoz `k hlylcltglg hzkplm- ^kmpz{ ghkpl fm`lpozl# oa{c m{ kgcphkyg `khp o*aglm ylk* zglomgc# iz mlhl o zx~{m`kzk m igg yzk{m@{amktk{ Hzk gpoz- L`klck lc{almlxpk hgzk gpghg{ aozgcg pzg`llomgc hzkplm pzkh{p# o`gp h{ Agzkg Zkyoc{lk Izgmhkt# `lmhoco `k fzgmlkck Izgmkl- Ghkmo{ akmpgclpgpk x!g zkickhpgp l m ckflxcglg hlylc4 lmpzo`{hkzkg m pla~{c Zkyoc{


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^gf- 79/ 69

g~ol `k hpzk Mg~ockom g hxpozlkl hlylck l g `lyoz{c{l# hkkg hk g mh{zgdgp kmlmil`kclpgpkg homd{fgc# g`{cpkz{c-

m xkhoc{c pzkh{p# ~gpz{ fm`lpozl kmfcktl g{ `kxhblx `z{a{c ~kzalxlylxa{c{l xkr{gc Ghkplg x{mp4

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Gc òlckg# hompka~ozgm h{ Jkmpbga# g ioxp ~gxpoz{c Pboagx Agcpb{x "7699!7280,- Kcg ioxp hoa~clhk lmyoc{mpgz cg ghkgxp c{hzgzk `k `kfzg`gzk aozgc- Kc g ioxp h{ pkozlgx{~zg! ~o~{czll ~amp{c{l l g ~zo~{x hg zkak`ll mizmgzkg mglmpk `k hxpozlk hxpozlg cg o yzxp agl mglmpgp ~kmpz{ zk`{hkzkg mgpgclpll- @gz `lxhl~ocll !agpcb{xlgmll# g{ a kzx agl `k~gzpk ~zo~{mm` aldcoghk gzplilhlgck ~kmpz{ hompzoc{mgpkzlcoz-

Dobm Xp{gzp Alcc "72>9! 7268,# ilcoxoi xhk~plh l ka~lzlxp# ~gxlomgp mko!agcpb{xlgm#kxpk {m{c `lm i{zlpozll cljkzgclxa{c{l- Homhk~lg xg zg`lhgc h{ ~zlylzk cg cljk~kzalpk ozlhk ig~p# h{ hom`llg x m{ cktktk lmpkzkxkck gcpozg- D{xplilh gyozp mcp{z ozlhk zkxpzlhlk m òakml{c xkr{gclpll-

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^gf- 76/ 69

^kzlog`g `k pzgmtllk

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G~gzk gh{a Xlfa{m` Izk{` "72;9! 7


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^gf- 72/ 69

^zla{c ztjol aom`lgc l `{~ ztjol

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Ghkcgl ^g~# h{ {m gm agl mglmpk# mkmhlhclhg @lylml lccl{x Agflxpzl hom`gamgxkxlxpka{c `k k`{hglk xkr{gc ~k hgzk mhk~kg x!c la~{m xpgp{c hgzk# ~kmpz{ g~zoaoyg# hbl~{zlck# xmpgpkg# ~zo~{mkg hompzghk~plykck l cljkzpgpkg xkr{gc ~plmkzl- m gmll `k hzlt khomoalh `k `{~ 7# ckflck xpgp{c{l g{ mhk~{p x ilk azkxpzlhplyk- Bocc|voo`! {c kzg hkmt{zgp- @gz gh{a kzg ~zkg pztl{- Laozgclpgpkg

hplfgxk pkzkm m akmpgclpgpkg agxkcoz- [m krka~c{4 m 7


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^gf- 7


20/76

^gf- :>/ 69

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m 7-

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^gf- :7/ 69

Ghkgxpg kxpk gg!m{alpg Kz g Ghygzl{c{l h{ ojxk`gmpg a{tlh zohe gym` {mkyl`kmp hgzghpkz xkr{gc# h{ `zof{zl# h{ bl~~lkx gym` hg cotlmh4*ighkl gaoz# m{ighkl ztjol* - Hoa{mlpll# agl gckx xoylkplhll# g{ igyozltgp laozgclpgpkg l `zofgzkgplmkzkp{c{l ~kmpz{ g `kxpgjlcltg xohlkpgpkg ohhl`kmpgc-

m ghkxp hclagp `k pockzgm l ~zoalxh{lpgpk xk zkagzh ò{ h{zkmpk l`kocoflhikalmlxa{c l boaoxkr{gclxa{c-

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Homikzlmkck Mgl{mlcoz [mlpk

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xk lmhc{` l {m ~zofzga boaoxkr{gc- mglmpk `k Homikzlmg `k cg Hglzo# Ximp^zlmpk g pzlalx p{p{zoz kilcoz `k xpgp o xhzlxogzk m hgzk gykzpltkgt gx{~~kzlhoc{c{l hk gakmlm oakmlzkg ~zlm lmxplp{lomgcltgzkg l fcojgcltgzkg zkyoxkr{gck-

G zagx m ~zktkmp o xlmf{z jgzlkz m igg hoz{~lkl popgck4 lmpkztlhkzkg ~kòH{ pogpk ghkxpkg# gj{t{zlck xkr{gck gx{~zg ho~llcoz x{mp ~zghplhgpk ~k xhgz cgzfx{mp jlmk ~z opkdgpk- Xhgm`gc{zlck hgzk g{ ltj{hmlp zkhkmp m Jkcflg g{ xhox cg lykgcig~p{c h hkzh{zlck ~kòilck jkcflkmk kzg{ homkhpgpk cg zkkck lmpkzmglomgck-

@k akmlomgp h m xhgm`gc{zlck galmplpk ~kòilcll x{mp fxll ylmoygl m{ ~kmp~zghplhgp ~kò ilclg# hl ~kmpz{ h m{ g{ gy{p homxlaamp{c ho~llcoz# hkkg hk `{hk homhc{tlg h ~kòilclg k ~kzalx `gh krlxp homxlaamp{c zkhl~zoh-

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yzka{zlck mogxpzk# hom`llg*xlmk w{g mom* g mi~p{lzll zkyoc{lkl xkr{gck illm`kclalmgzkg c{l @{amktk{- Lgz ~kmpz{ hlmk gzk hzk`lm# kikhp{c hkc agl `ktgxpz{ox{zazl m ykmlhlk# k hkc `lm myp{zg ximp{c{l ^gykc4*@kxizmgll m{ g{ coh ma~zlg c{l @{amktk{* -

Kr~kzll Ygplhgm{c{l hgzk g{ lm{p h{zx{zlck `k jlokplh cg Lgl m g{f{xp 7


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^gf- :8/ 69

@lm mkikzlhlzk# l o ~gzpk `lmpzk hzkplml# m x~khlgc ~zopkxpgml# `gz m{ m{agl# !g{g{polmplp{cgp cljkzgcl# g{ g`kzgp cg l`kocoflg zkyoc{lkl xkr{gck# m m{akck ~zofzkx{c{l#x!g{ hoa~zoalx h{ kg l gh{a kr~kzlakmpkgt igclakmp{c- Gg!tlxg *kplh g xlp{glkl* g c{l Doxk~b Ickhbpkz l! g hoz{~p ~k a{cl ~zopkxpgml- [mll pkocofl hgpoclhl l hblgxc{dlpozl gl gcpgzkcoz hgzk g{ c{gp gplp{`lmk a~opzlyg `lzkhplykcoz Jlxkzlhll# hzlplhm m`koxkjl kmhlhclhgB{agmgk Ylpgk # g{ ih{p {m z{ lakmx# `kz{pm` l a~lmfm` {mm{az mxkamgp `k hzkplml m jzgkck laozgclpll- l h{a oa{c# ozlhp `k `kht{p gzm{ ~ogpk ` lxpz{fk m kc xkmplakmp{c zkclflox# a{cl `lmpzk hkl hgzk l!g{ ~lkz`{p mhzk`kzkg m Jlxkzlh xk m`zkg~p x~zk xkhpk# m x~khlgc x~zk Mkv Gfk hgzk ck oiogakmlcoz o zkclflotlpgpk iz aozgc- Ghkgxp alhgzk# mpz{hp ~zoylmk `lm alhoh{cpk `k c g xizlp{c xkhoc{c{l pzkh{p l mhk~{p{c ghkxp{l xkhoc# gzk# m `kilmlz`hlml xgpgmlhk- Kg homplm{ x alxplilhk l x d{xplilhk laozgclpgpkg xkr{gcakpo`k l kckakmpk xpzgmll la~ozpgpk `lm zkclfllck ~fmk ozlkmpgck-

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XL@G

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XL@G l ~zktkzygply{c xg{ *xkr{c xlf{z*

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K {m c{hz{ lm`lxh{pgjlc h xlmf{zg ~zopkhlk a~opzlyg XL@KL kxpk {m hoa~ozpghozkhp# aozgc# m ylgg xkr{gc4 kylpgzkg ~zoalxh{lpll xkr{gck l g boaoxkr{gclp^kmpz{ ghkgxpg k mkhkxgz o g`kyzgp xhblajgzk `k akmpgclpgpk# hkkg hk c{akg `kgtl zki{t hgpkfozlh- K g`kyzgp# h xk zkhoagm` {mkozl ~z{`km# x m{ xxhblajk ~zkg `kx ~gzpkmkzll# gp kmlk h{ ~zoxplp{gpkck- @gz h{a m ghkxpk xigp{zl m{hzk` mlhl hkl hgzk ck `g{ l h{a kck m{ g{ mlhl o gmx x jgzktk `z{a{c x~zkBLY/XL@G# x!g ~zo~{x# ~kmpz{ g clalpg kikhpkck `kygxpgpogzk gc k~l`kalkl#~zktkzygply{c agxh{clm# homòa{c# m zg~ozp{zlck xkr{gck- X! g ih{p l xk ighk ohga~gmlk agxly `k hpzk ak`lhl# `k hpzk gxohlgllck `k c{~p a~opzlyg XL@Kx{xlm{p `k f{ykzmk# `k ogakmll ~oclplhl# `k ~{jclhlpgpkg ih{p `k agxx!ak`lg migyogzkg ~zktkzygply{c{l hg illm` gzag {mlh l gjxoc{p a~opz lyg icgfkc{c{l xkhoc{c{l#mklmm`{!xk homp h gzag {mlh l gjxoc{p k mizmgzkg xkr{gc l il`kclpgpkghomd{fgc- Gg!tlxg lmiozaglk l k`{hglk m hocl cg ghkxp c{hz{ xk zk`{h4 iocoxlzkg

~zktkzygply{c{l- Hblgz ~kzxogmk `k j{m yolm l h{ j{m xla xk cgx la~zkxlomg`k ghkgxp ~zo~gfgm` {zlg# yozjkxh `kx~zk mkhkxlpgpkg ~zktkzygply{c{l# d{xpliliocoxlzkg c{l# kclalmm` hoa~ckp gx~khp{c aozgc gc xkr{gclpll {agmk- G zl`lhg yojlkhlk# k {m ikc `k jcgxikalk- X!g cgmxgp o kr~zkxlk gò~pgp lak`lgp h{ agzkx{hhkx l hgzk kxpk gtl ~k j{tkck p{p{zoz4*xkr xlf{z* - Kr~zkxlg# kyl`kmp# m{ kxpkak`lhgc l m{ gzk mlhl o gho~kzlzk m zkgclpgpk- Kr~zla ògz o òzlm l hzkgtlc{tlk ~kzlh{cogx- Pop ak`lhll x{mp hkl hgzk `kaomxpzkgt h m{ k yozjg `kmlhl oxlf{zgm- Xpgplxplhlck hclmlhk l k~l`kalocoflhk gzgp h# `lm aoplyk `k oz`lm iiltlocoflh xg{ illm`h k mpzkj{lmgp fzklp# kkh{c ~zktkzygply{c{l kxpk `k 7;!79+- Cgikaklck hgzk x{ikz `k gcpk lmikhll xg{ ~ogzp xpkzlckp zlxh{c k `k 8!; ozl agl agzk-@khl ~zktkzygply{c m{ kxpk o jgzlkz xlf{z m hgckg ylz{x{c{l- A{cp agl agzk kxpzlxh{c m zg~ozp{zlck boaoxkr{gck- @k ig~p# zkgclpgpkg mk gzgp h{a xpg{ c{hz{zl


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zlck m hgzk x!g ih{p l xk ighk hkg agl agzk ~zo~gfgm` ~kmpz{ ~zktkzygply l{m`k ghkxpg xk iocoxkpk `lm ~clm# h{a kxpk Izgmg xg{ Xpgpkck [mlpk# XL@G m{ mh m{ x!g xpo~gp `gz k m homplm{ hzkpkzk- @gh m Izgmg m 7>> `k hgt{zl `k XL@G l 8>->>> `k xkzo~otlplyl# m 7>> `k hgt{zl XL@G- Cg ikc m Xpgpkck [mlpk4 ;2 `k `khkxk ~zoyohgpk `k XL@G m 7-

^zo~gfgm`g l `lxpzlj{lzkg ~zktkzygply{c{l hompzlj{lk cg zx~m`lzkg k~l`kalkl mpz{hhzkgt igcxg la~zkxlk g xkr{c{l xlf{z l g ~zopkhlkl m igg hompgalmzll- Gym`yk`kzk zlxh{c `k 7;+# hlmk iocoxkpk ~zktkzygply{c m{ gzk mlhl o xlf{zgm5 ag`kyzkak xg{ agl pztl{ pop xk lmikhpkgt# `{~ h{a m{ gzk mlhl o xlf{zgm hkc hgzktjogz h{ {m pl~ `k gylogmk `kx~zk hgzk plk h `lmpz !o x{p 7; xk ~zj{kxh cg~amp- ^zktkzygply{c ~ogpk il hkc a{cp {m ~gclgply gppg yzkak hp ~zojckag `k iom`g`lh hoa~ozpgakmp{c xkr{gc gjkzgmp hgzk fkmkzkgt jogcg# zamk- Xlmf{zgxpzgpkflk zkgc l kilhghk a~opzlyg XL@KL kxpk g{pohompzoc{c# mizmgzkg# haomofg a "{m xlmf{z jzjgp# o xlmf{z ikaklk,# il`kclpgpkg homd{fgc-

XL@G l jlokplhg

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m aoakmp{c `k ig x{mppzkl ~{mhpk `k yk`kzk-

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Jlxkzlhg l homxl`kz ylmoygl ~k hkl hgzk ~zlm ~{jclhlpgpk# lmiozaglk l k`{hglk fz m hocl# ~zlm `lxpzlj{lzkg ~zktkzygplykcoz cg gòckxhkml# hzkgt o igcx xlf{z mh{zgdkgt hoa~ozpgakmpkck xkr{gck laozgck# ghzk`lpkgt# agl gckx m zm`{cplmkzkp{c{l# homylmfkzkg h ghkxpk hoa~ozpgakmpk homxplp{lk {m ao` `k ylg mozigyozltm` gxpikc zx~m`lzkg k~l`kalkl# ~zlm igyozltgzkg hg{tkcoz hgzk o ~zo`{h-

Jlxkzlhg `kagxh l~ohzltlg ~{bol{c{l ~zo~gfgm`lxplh hk xk ighk m igyogzkg~zktkzygplykcoz g`kxkg x{j agxhg aoplykcoz {agmlpgzk- m`zp{c ghkxpkl ~zo~gfgm`km{ k `zgfoxpkg ~kmpz{ ylklck ogakmlcoz# hl x{mp lmpkzkxk ilmgmhlgzk4 ykmlp{zlhgzk xk xhop `lm igjzlhgzkg l hoakzhlgcltgzkg ~zktkzygplykcoz- l xk gxh{m`k hkyg lagl laozgc4 ~oclplhg hompzoc{c{l ~o~{cgllcoz cg xhgz aom`lgc gg h{a x!g ~{p{p yk`kghcgz cg zkhkmpkck Homikzlmk ~kmpz{ ~o~{cglk `k cg Hglzo l Jkldlmf- Jgmhg AomIom`{c Aomkpgz Lmpkzmglomgc# gcpk i{m`gll l ozfgmlxak `k gd{pozgzk ckfgpk ag

xg{ agl ~{lm `k L^Î hom`llomkgt gd{poz{c ghoz`gp f{ykzmkcoz zlcoz xzghkzx~m`lzkg hompzghk~plykcoz# ~zktkzygplykcoz# gyozp{c{l# xpkzlcltzll- Iocoxlm` X~zkpkrp l kckakmp `k ~gmlh# mhkgzh x hzkktk o akmpgclpgpk l o ~zghplhhompzghk~lkl- Hm` ghkxpk zl xzghk m{ yoz agl gykg ho~ll# kck m{ yoz agl ~~zojckag `ktyocpzll l m{ yoz agl homxplp{l {m ~kzlhoc ~opkmlgc# khomoalh xg{ ~oc~kmpz{ zlck jofgpk- ^zojckag xzhlkl kxpk gxpikc zktocygp ~zlm x{~zlagzxzghlcoz-

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Lmiozaglg kxpk lm{plc `gh m{ kxpk mxolp `k o pkaklmlh k`{hglk aozgc- Kàozgc pzkj{lk ih{p m ~zla{c zm` hkcoz plmkzl gym` m yk`kzk h# ~opzlylp O d{apgpk `lm hkl lmikhpgl h{ BLY x{mp plmkzl gym` yzxpg mpzk 7; l :0 `k Plmkzlcoz pzkj{lk x cl xk x`kgxh m x{ickp ~zlmhl~ll aozgck xmpogxk# x ~zo~{m krka~ck iz{aogxk# x ilk m`z{agl l gd{pgl x!l xp~mkgxh ~gxl{mlck llmxplmhpkck- m k`{hglg xkr{gc hgzk cl xk ighk m yk`kzkg ~zghplhzll hgxplpllgpzgf gpkmlg gx{~zg ~xk{ò!k`{hglkl hgzk xk ighk m fkmkzgc m hocl l m agxx!ak`lg l hgzk hom`{hk cg `k~zgygzk# x cl xk lmx~lzk h{zgd m g miz{mpg akmpgclpgpkgc{all ~kmpz{ hgzk h{ymp{c*hgxplpgpk* kxpk lmpkztlx# m g miz{mpg h{cp{zg òalmgmp `kgtl hgzk mhkgzh x ckflplaltktk xk~gzgzkg `lmpzk {mlzkg xkr{gc l l{jlzk# `lmpzl{jlzk l il`kclpgpk# `lmpzk xkr{gclpgpk l ~zohzkglk- X cl xk gzgpk h pzlylgclxkr{gclpll mxkgam pzl!ylgcltgzkg ~kzxogmkl {agmk pzgmxiozagpk mpz !{m xla~c{ojlkhp- Plmkzll pzkj{lk homplkmpltgl h m{ kxpk gcp hgck `k g o~zl icgfkc{c XL@Khgxplpgpkg l kylpgzkg `zof{zlcoz-

m `lxh{zx{c akmlomgp agl x{x# Ximp{c ^zlmpk ^g~g Logm ^g{c gc LL!ckg# g`zkxm`{!xk plmkzlcoz# ck gzpg h o ylg `k hgxplpgpk `kxyzlp ~m cg hxpozlk k f{mkl ylkl hozkhpk l il`kck m hxpozlk4

*M{ y cxgl mkcgl `k h{ylmpkck fogck gck hkcoz hgzk lg{ m `kz`kzkhgxplpgpkg xg{ hg~ghlpgpkg yogxpz `k g y xp~ml- Iozg yllpogzkl yogxpzk l{jlhomd{fgck `k~lm`k `k iozg kiozp{c{l yoxpz{ ghp{gc `k g myg l{jlzkgg`kyzgp# `k ~zghplhgzkg hgxplpll hgzk hkzk gjlmkzkg `k cg ozlh k zg~ozp xkr{gc m gigzg hxpozlkl# hgxplpgpkg kxpk {mlhg agmlkz xlf{z l ylzp{ogx `kg ~{mk hg~p ghkxp{l pzgflh icgfkc hgzk kxpk XL@G `k hgzk gplg plmkzl x!g{ hompgalmgp*-


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GYOZP[C

Gyozp{c m hompllmg {agm l m myp{zg hzkplm

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*m zkgclpgpk# gyozp{c kxpk o mizmfkzk g oa{c{l l g xohlkpll hlylck- ^zlm kc kxghzlilhgp ylgg {mkl illmk {agmk `k `zgf{c {moz j{m{zl `k agl alh ygcogzk#lmyohm`{!xk g`kxkg aoplyk lmx ~lzgpk `lm cl~xg `k h{zgd l `k mhzk`kzk mylg--- Ghkgxpg kxpk {mg `lm {zazlck hkck agl mfzldozpogzk gckagpkzlgclxa{c{l pkozkplh l ~zghplh hgzk# kclalmm`{! c ~k @{amktk{# xizkpk

~zlm g kclalmg l oa{c * ":; `khkajzlk 7


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^gf- 8;/ 69

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^gf- 89/ 69

m k~ohg agzlcoz `kxho~kzlzl pllmlilhk oakmlzkg hg`k m jgzjgzlk

^gzg`orgc# gjx{z` l xhgm`gcox k ig~p{c h pohagl m {cplall gml hm` fkmkplhg gi{m`gakmpgp pllmlilh hkkg hk oakmlzkg g ghhk~pgp `lmpop`kg{mg ~k jgtg zkykcghzkplmk# g lmxplmhp{c{l l g aozgckl mgp{zgck# ~gzcgakmpkck g{ yopgp l xpgpghhk~pgp gyozp{c# zki{tm` m ao` gzjlpzgz l mk`zk~p xpgp{p{c `k oa hkcoz aglmkylmoygpk l agl mkgd{pozgpk illmk {agmk- @ktjgpkzlck m yk`kzkg ckfgcltgyozp{c{l# g~gzkmp# x!g{ ~cgxgp cg mlykc pllmlilh l zglomgc- m zkgclpgpk m{ g iylhpozlk g pllmkl l mlhl g zgl{mll# hl g jgzjgzlkl# g gjx{z`{c{l# g cgrlxa{c{l aozgl`kocofllcoz lzglomgck l# cg {zag {zakl# g gpklxa{c{l ao`kzm- Hhl# xk mpzkgjghp{gc{c ^g~# hk ygcogzk agl gzk ylgg l h{a agl ~ogpk il xgcygp ylgg {agm# hm``lx~gzk @{amktk{# ltyoz{c l xp~m{c ylkll?

^zla{c krka~c{ c! g `gp Gmfclg hgzk g ckfgcltgp gyozp{c m 7


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Hm` mhk~k oa{c x ilk oa?

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mhp {agmltgzkg lm`lyl`{c{l k ~zkhk`gp agl mpl `k `likzlpk iozak `k ylg ykfkpgcl g~ol gmlagc-

Pogpk ghkxpk pkozll x{mp hoa~ckp x~{cjkzgpk `k {cplakck `kxho~kzlzl gck pllmfkmkplhk- Y yol kr~{mk m homplm{gzk hpkyg c{hz{zl c{gpk `lm hgzpkg *Kajzlom{c#xkam `k hompzg`lhlk* g hkckjz{c{l fkmk plhlgm ^zoi- Dzak Ckdk{mk# hgzk# h{a gagalmplp l h{ gcp ohgtlk# g ioxp m{ m{agl {m agzk oa `k pllm# hl l {m oa h{hompllm aozgc l fm`lpoz c{hl`# ig~p ~kmpz{ hgzk g ioxp ~kmgcltgp h{ mkghoz~zkal{c{l Mojkc ~k hgzk c!gz il akzlpgp-

*M{ k rlxp agpkzlk ylk#gilza Ckdk{mk- Agpkzlg m{ ~ogpk x pzlgxh# mlhl m{ ~ogpk x xk zk~zo`{h- Krlxp m{agl agpkzlk mx{icklp# mx{icklp `k {akxgd hgzk kxpk ylgg# hgzk ighk ylgg- l `gh ghkxp akxgd kxpk {agm#ghkgxp ylg k ylg {agm--- ^zk!kajzlom4 ghkxp pkzakm m{ x~{mk mlalh- M{ k mkhkxgz x xpgjlckpl o igt m{alp ~zk! kajzlom# illm`h mlalh m{ ~zkhk`kkajzlom{c- mglmpk `k kajzlom krlxp m{agl x~kzagpotol`{c l oy{c{c- Hm` oy{c{c k ikh{m`gp `k x~kzagpotol` xk ojlmk tlfop{c- Lgz hm` tlfop {c xk `lyl`k#`kylmk kajzlom--- @{~ homhk~kzkg xg# {m oa k {m oa*-

m aoakmp{c m hgzk hkl `ol fgakl i{tlomkgt# tlfop{c hgzk zkt{cp kxpk o kmplpgpjlocoflh mo{ h{ ~gpzlaoml{ hoa~ckr# h{ {m ho` fkmkplh ~zo~zl{ mxhzlx m hkck :8 `k~kzkhbl `k hzoaotoal ! {m ho` fkmkplh `likzlp `k gc ~zlmlcoz ! h{ {m mo{ ~zolkhp# h{{m mo{ ~zofzga `{~ hgzk xk yg `ktyocpg- Ghkgxp mo{ illm xk g{pohomxpz{lk`{~ ~zolkhp{c ~zo~zl{- K o illm g{pomoa# `khl m{ ~gzpk `lm pz{~{c agakl# `kl gmkyolk `k bzgm l orlfkm `k cg aga hg x xk `ktyocpk `{~ h{a l agag gzkmkyolk `k bzgm l orlfkm ~kmpz{ g ~{pkg pzl- Ig~p{c h gh{a ikh{m`gzkg xk ~ogpkighk l m k~z{jkp l kajzlom{c ~ogpk pzl l m gigzg xm{c{l agpkzm gzgp hcgz mo{g illm homhk~{p xk j{h{z `k g{pomoalk l m{ k ~gzpk `lm pz{~{c agakl- l h{amlhl {m oa m{ ~ogpk il ~zo~zlkpgpkg gcp{l oa# tlfop{c kxpk `kdg ~zo~zlkpgpkg krhc{xlyc{l @{amktk{- M{ ~ogpk il mlhl ~zo~zlkpgpkg agakl# mlhl g ~zlmlcoz# mlhl g xpgp{c

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[m{c `lmpzk hkck agl izkhykmpk l hkck agl lmigmplck gzf{akmpk m igyogzkg gyozp{c{ghkxpg4 kajzlom{c m ~zlag igt m{ gzk hbl~ `k oa# k {m jo `k hgzmk5 kc xk


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mpl~zlp ghkgxp alm{mgp h{mogpkzk m lmlag ilkhzkl ikakl# g ilkhzkagak? *

Ckflxcglg hgzk g{pozltkgt gyozp{c m{ gzk mlhl {m x{~ozp pllmlilh xg{ zg@oxgzkck ~k hgzk ck ~zktlmp Jlxkzlhg ~gzcgakmpkcoz l lmxplp{llcoz lmpkzmglohgzk xk hkzk `kilmlzkg l xpgp{p{c kajzlom{c{l {agm x{mp zkx~lmxk hgpkfozlh `k ilkhgz`gp- Ghkxp c{hz{ x!g mpa~cgp `lm mo{ cgzkhkmpg `ktjgpkzk g *Homykmlkl `kjlokplh* `k cg Homxlcl{c K{zo~kl- Illm` kyl`kmp# m c{almg `gpkcoz pllmlilhk#kajzlom{c# `lm aoakmp{c homhk~kzll `kdg# k illm {agm# ~gzcgakmpkck l lmxplplmpkzmglomgck m{ g{ h{zgd{c x `kg o `kilmllk zkxpzlhply kajzlom{c{l {agm- @`kilmllg hozkhp m{ m`ztmkxh x o `kg hhl# ~zlm ghkgxpg# gz pzkj{l x zkh{mohgzghpkz{c mk`zk~p l hzlalmgc gc ckflcoz hgzk g{pozltkgt gyozp{c l x!l zkh{mogxhylmoylg ~kmpz{ x{pkck `k alclogmk `k ylkl mkylmoygpk `lxpz{xk-

Illmg homhk~{p gzk hgclpgpkg `k ~kzxogm {agm5 o gzk# m{ pzkj{lk x l!o `kghlmkyg# gg h{a ~zohcga h{zkmpkck ilcoxoilhk `k pl~ jkbgylozlxp xg{ hkck xohlocoflhkhgzk x{xlm h# `gh ip{c `lm xm{c agakl m{ k hg~gjlc `k hoa~ozpgakmp{agm xg{`k zkcgll xohlgck# k agag ghkkg hgzk ghoz` hgclpgpkg `k oa ho~lc{c{l# `gh òzkpkl hm` òzkpk# xg{ k yolmg x{ykzgm g ~zlmlcoz hgzk bopzpk `gh k oa xg{k oa# `gh gzk `zk~p{c cg ylg xg{ m{- @gh oa{c m{ k oa `lm aoakmp{c homhk~kzll#kc m{ agl ~ogpk `kykml oa {cpkzloz ~zlmpz! o xla~c zkh{mogpkzk xg{ ~zlmpz !o ilhl{mk d{zl`lh- @gh k oa# m{ gzk mkyolk `k mlhl o zkh{mogpkzk `lm gigz l `gh m{ k oah{a ~ogpk `kykml oa ~zlm ig~p{c h gcll c `khcgz oa?

Hkckcgcpk d{xplilhzl gck gyozp{c{l4 cl~x{zlck agpkzlgck# hgclpgpkg ylkll# xmpgxg{ g agakl -g-a-`-# m{ x{mp d{xplilhzl4 `zk~p{c cg ylg kxpk `zk~p{c i{m`gakmpg~zlagz gc oa{c{l l k ygcogzkg x{~zka m igg hzklg pogpk hkckcgcpk ygcozl pzkj{lkhk`ktk-

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mhbkl h{ {m fm` gc {m{l d{zlxp lpgclgm# C- Coajgz`l Ygccg{zl4


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^gf- 07/ 69

* zojckag k hz{hlgc x{j gx~khp hompka~cgply--- Oa{c g`{cp# m ~zktkmgkajzlom{c{l ozl xlapk h kxpk m kc {m alxpkz xghz{# {m gjlx lmyltljlc m igghz{lg pzkj{lk x xk ~ckhk# ozl mx{l {mlykzx{c c{l xk `kxpzga l l ~lkz`kiozag m ao` ozljlc--- Ozl zkh{mogpk l mpcmkpk x~lzlp{c m kajzlom# ozl lxpozlxk ozfgmltkgt x{j agmplg `k ~c{aj g ~{pkzll# x{j la~{cx{c lmxplmhpkcoz gpgylhk * "Agml~{czl fkmkplhk l `zk~p # gc RRRY!ckg Homfzkx Mglomgc gcD{zlplcoz Hgpoclhl Lpgclkml# Zoag# 6!< `khkajzlk 7


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IKH[M@GZKG GZPLILHLG C

[c{lpogzk zkgcltzl gck pllmkl l pkbmlhll

m gm{c 7 `k gml# m{az{c ho~llcoz ykmll ~k c{ak ~zlm ghkgxpakpo` kxpk `k oz`lm{c allcoz-

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^gf- 08/ 69

`k !72>K ka jzlomll ~op il la~cgmpgl m {pkz{c agakl oaocof# m hg`z{c h{~c{c{l# xgkpkzocof# m gigzg h{~c{c{l# m {pkz{c gcpkl ikakl# `{~ a{cl gml `k cg aogzpkg {mxg{ g gajlcoz ~zlml- Gxpikc k ~oxljlc hg ~zlmll x aogz mpz !{m xkhoc# lgz ho~ll coz xxk mgxh m xkhoc{c {zapoz# xg{ k ~oxljlc hg izgll x xk mgxh cg o `lxpgm `k`k gml {m{c `k gcp{c- @gpozlp moll pkbmlhl# mol{mkg `k aga x!g krplmx- G{ ~z{p gg!tlxkck agak x{jxplp{plyk xg{ agak ~zlm ~zoh{zxg{ {pkzk mhblzlgpkhgzk# fzgplx xg{~k jgml# ~zlm lmpkzak`l{c {moz gfkmll x~khlgcltgpk m ghkxp òakml{# l oikz {px~zk g ~zlal kajzloml xpzlml ikh{m`gl gzplilhlgc l g ~{zpg xgzhlmg ~m cg hg~p-

Gxpikc xk ~ogpk mpa~cg hg {m ho~lc x glj pzkl agak4 agag hgzk g òmgp oy{c{c#a gag hgzk g oikzlp {pkz{c l g ~{zpgp xgzhlmg l agag ~zo~zlkpgz `k `zk~p hgzk g yolpx ojlm m ikc{c ghkxpg {m ho~lc- @k gxkakmkg# {m ho~lc ~ogpk x glj òl pg`gh m{aza l j{mlhll# {m ho~lc gz ~{pkg x glj 7> j{mlhl l j{mlhk- M{ agl kxpkmkyolk x x~{m h ~k ghkgxp hgck xk ~op zkgcltg hoajlmgll l ckfp{zl `k z{`kml`lmpzk hkck agl hl{`gpk4 ho~lll xk ~op pzktl izgl l x{zozl h{ ~zo~zll coz ~zlml l xg{ ~zlml gl ~zo~zllcoz coz izgl l x{zozl-

X!g fxlp# m xizlp# ~zlm lmxkalmgzkg `k kajzloml# ~oxljlclpgpkg l ~kmpz{ h{~c{zlcikakl ckxjlkmk x glj ho~ll- Jg hblgz l ~kmpz{ fz{~{zlck `k boaoxkr{gcl# l m{ m{agl~zlm lmxkalmgzkg `k kajzloml ikh{m`gl h{ ~zo~zll fgakl m {pkz{c {mkl agak mhblzlgpk hl# gxh{cpgl l y alm{mgl# hblgz ~zlm ~zo~zlg lmxkalmgzk ~{zpm` xgzhlmg-

@lm ~{mhp `k yk`kzk pkbmlh ghkxp c{hz{ k ~oxljlc# hhl o xgzhlm jzjpkgxh xk ~h# x{j gx~khp pkbmlh# m{ xk `koxkjkpk `k o xgzhlm krpzg!{pkzlm- @k hlyg gml xkigh kr~kzlkmk iogzpk `lxhzkpk m ghkgxp `lzkhlk m cgjozgpogzk g{xpzgclkmgakzlhgmk- Pgpc# gg`gz# ~ogpk x `kylm l agag ~zo~zl{c{l ho~lc- Mk ~{pkagpk~pg hg m yllpoz# ~k cmf x~lpgckck `k agpkzmlpgpk x g~gz l x~lpgckc~gpkzmlpgpk- Cg ikc `k {c{lpogzk kxpk ~kzx~khplyg hg o ikaklk ! x tlhka o ckxjlgm!x `kylm l aga l pgp gc ~zo~zl{c{l ho~lc- ^gzpkmofkmktg "g`lh mgpkzkgikhlozkcmlh xg{ `ktyocpgzkg {m{l lm`lyl` `lmpz !{m fgakp mkikh{m`gp,# ~oxljlc cgzk~zo`{hkzkg {moz mkykzpkjzgpk l ~cgmpk# m{ k ~oxljlc cg oa# `kl xk igh kr~kzlkm m ghkxp xkmx- @gh xk yg g~clhg akpo`g hcomzll cg oa# yg il ~oxljlc m yllpoz hikaklk# ~zlm ikh{m`gzkg {m{l oy{c h{ m{hck{c {mkl hkc{ck `lm ~zo~zl{c hoz~# x ilaga l pgp gc ~zo~zl{c{l ho~lc-

O`gp zkgcltgp ikh{m`gzkg gzplilhlgc# hkzhkpzlck l kr~kzlkmkck homplm{ m

hk lm `k xikzg igmpgxplh{c{l-@k ~lc`# xk mhkgzh ikzplcltgzkg pzgmx!x~khlk# g`lh mpzk fgakl g~gzlmm` cg x~khll`likzlpk# h{ xho~{c k g xk ojlmk blakzk xg{ bljzltl- Gxkakmkg ikzplcltzl x!g{ zk{lp mpzk gmlagck `k x~khll `likzlpk4 lk~{zl l gcpk x~khll# mpzk jkzjkhl l hg~zk- m hkkg~zlykpk ikzplcltgzkg `k fgakl {agml h{ fgakl gl gcpoz x~khll `k gmlagck# ~m m~zktkmp m{ x!g gd{mx cg kajzloml hgzk x pzkgh `lmhoco `k ~zlag `lyltl{mk# g`lh `kxpg`l{c `k : hkc{ck- ^zlm ghkxpk kr~kzlakmpk xk mhkgzh x xk ojlm o x{jx~khlk!{agm# g`lh o zgx lmikzlogz `k ogakml hgzk x ilk iocoxlp cg a{mhlck `kfzg`gmpkhg hkck ~k hgzk ck ihkg{ o`lmlogz xhcgyll# xg{ x ilk iocoxll hg zktkzy `k ozfgm~kmpz{ pzgmx~cgmp-


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*---ho~lc{c gzk `zk~p{c--- x ilk zo`{c ghp{c{l x~khlilh gc l{jlzll ~zlmlcoz xl l`k gxkakmkg `zk~p{c `k g il zkx~khpgp hg ~kzxogm `lm aoakmp{c homhk~kzll xgck---- Ozlflmkg {mkl ~kzxogmk kxpk--- zkt{cpgp{c {mkl `z{lzl- Ho~lc{c hgzk mgpk pzkj{lk x ilk zo`{c l{jlzll ~zlmlcoz xl- Kc m{ ~ogpk il mlhl yolp# homhk~{p hg ~zo`{x gc {mkl lmpkzykmll g pkbmlhlcoz ak`lhgck l jlocoflhk5 ghkxc{hz{ mxkgam g! c pzgmxiozag mpz ! {m ojlkhp gc {mkl pkbmocofll pllmlilhk----Ig~p{c h {m c{hz{ `lm ~{mhp `k yk`kzk pkbmlh kxpk ~oxljlc# ~zlm ghkgxpg m{ kxp`lm ~{mhp `k yk`kzk aozgc gàlxljlc*-

8/3/2019 Omul intre "a fi" si "a nu fi" Probleme fundamenta

Omul intre "a fi" si "a nu fi" Probleme fundamentale bioetica

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