Lantul alimentar

7/21/2019 Lantul alimentar

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UNIVERSITATEA: DUNAREA DE JOS, GALATIFACULTATEA: STIINTA SI INGINERIA ALIMENTELOR SPECIALIZAREA : CONTROLUL, EXPERTIZAREA SI SIGURANTA ALIMENTELOR

TRASABILITATEA IN

LANTUL ALIMENTAR

Masterand : Hst! M!"araGr#a: C$E$S$A

An% I

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1. TRASABILITATEA ÎN LANTUL ALIMENTAR

Trasabilitatea re#re*!nt+ a#a!tatea de a #arr-e dr.% /na#"! a% n! a%!.ent, ntret,an!.a% 0are este 1"%"s!t #entr #r"dt!a de a%!.ente dest!nate "ns.%! .an2 sa s3stant+, #r!n t"ate eta#e%e de #r"dt!e sa d!str!3t!e$ Eta#e%e de #r"dt!e ! d!str!3t!e !n%d s! !.#"rt%,ș

#"rn!nd de %a #r"dt!a #r!.ar+ #4n+ %a %"% de 54n*are$ 6n a*% !ndstr!e! a%!.entare, .%te".#an!! a "#tat #entr !.#%e.entarea s!ste.%! de .ana-e.ent a% a%!t+t!!, #e 3a*a er!nte%"rISO 7''(:&''', are are a er!nt+ sta3!%!rea n! s!ste. de !nre-!strare, are s+ #er.!t+trasa3!%!tatea #r"dse%"r$ Cer!nte%e #entr d".entarea #e s#"rt de 84rt!e a 1"st re5!*!te$ Ast1e%/nre-!str+r!%e #e s#"rt e%etr"n! #"t 1!, /n #re*ent, 1"%"s!te a " d"5ad+ a "n1"r.!t+t!! 1at+ deer!nte$

I.#%e.entarea n! s!ste. de trasa3!%!tate aratete, rede se.n!1!at!5 e9#nerea %a

r!s a a-ent!%"r e"n".!! d!n res#et!5% %ant a%!.entar, #r!n 1a#t% a ata %a !dent!1!area, !*"%areas! "retarea #r"3%e.e! a#arte 0de e9e.#%, "nta.!nare2 !ntr;n ."d e1!!ent s! ra#!d$ Ast1e% se-arantea*a s!-ranta a%!.entara, !ar !.#at% e"n".! ne-at!5 a% n! ast1e% de !n!dent este .%t.!n!.a%!*at$ De ase.enea, se -arantea*a d!1erent!erea #e #!ata a #r"dse%"r a-r"a%!.entare d!1er!te atr!3te 0de e9e.#%, #r"dse d!n a-r!%tra e"%"-!a2 !ntr;" .an!era d".entata, de!nredere s! trans#arenta$0M"na P$,&'('2

Trasa3!%!tatea #e %ant% a%!.entar, are sta3!%e te %e-+tra !n1"r.at!"na%+ /ntre d!1er!teș

ent!t+t!, n #"ate 1! rea%!*at+ 1+r+ " !nte-rare 3a*at+ #e " a3"rdare #e 5ert!a%+ a !n1"r.at!!%"r$ 6naest sens este neesar+ " #%an!1!are r!-r"as+, /n+ d!n #r!.e%e eta#e de de*5"%tare, are s+ !a /n"ns!derare tre! e%e.ente #r!n!#a%e, esen<!a%e #entr as!-rarea ses%! "r!+r! s!ste. de

trasa3!%!tate:(2 compatibilitate,&2 informaţii standardizate,=2 definirea resursei are 5a 1ae "3!et% trasa3!%!t+<!! s! a n!tat!! trasate$

6n #r"dt!a #r!.ar+, trasa3!%!tatea a 1"st de1!n!t+ a a3!%!tatea de a !dent!1!a !st"r!a #r"ds%! de;a %n-% %ant%! a%!.entar, /ne#4nd %"% ! .".ent% #r"dt!e!, !n%*4ndș

!dent!1!area !n#t;r!%"r ! a "#erat!!%"r de #r"dt!e 1"%"s!te$ș

S!ste.e%e de trasa3!%!tate re#re*!nt+ " #arte !nte-rant+ /n a%te s!ste.e are snt "ns!deratede 1at"r! de de!*!e, 4nd snt sta3!%!te strate-!!%e %e-ate de #"%!t!a a%!.entar+, #r!n 1a#t% +:

> #r"teea*+ s+n+tatea #3%!+, #r!n retra-erea #r"dse%"r de #e #!at+, /n a* de nees!tate?

> at+ %a #re5en!rea 1rade%"r, atn! 4nd n #"t 1! t!%!*ate .et"de ana%!t!e #entrsta3!%!rea atent!!t+t!! 0e9$ Pr"dse%e e"%"-!e2?> at+ %a "ntr"%% d!1er!te%"r 3"%! 0t3er%"*a, sa%."ne%"*e2:> at+ %a sta3!%!rea .+sr!%"r de "ntr"% /n a* de nees!tate, 4nd se "nstat+ a*r! de"nta.!nare a .ater!!%"r #r!.e ! .ater!a%e%"r, are #"t a1eta s+n+tatea "a.en!%"r !ș ș

an!.a%e%"r?> at+ %a "ntr"%% e#!*"t!!%"r ! en*"t!!%"r %a an!.a%e, #r!n !dent!1!area ra#!d+ a a*e%"rș

3"%!! ! srse%"r$ș

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D!1er!te%e s8e.e de as!-rare a a%!t+t!! /n 1er.e snt /n d!1er!te stad!! de de*5"%tare !, #r!nș

r.are, standarde%e snt d!1er!te$ Une%e a er!nte s#e!1!e de trasa3!%!tate, a%te%e n a, /n 1nt!ede set"r% /n are "#erea*+$ Ce%e .a! .%te s8e.e sta3!%es er!nte, /n 1nt!e de s"#r!%er.+r!te$ Ast1e% de s8e.e !.#n de*5"%tarea e1et!5+ a n! s!ste. de trasa3!%!tate ! #"t s"%!!ta aș

aeasta s+ 1!e 5er!1!at+ #er!"d!$ 6n "r!e a*, %a n!5e%% #r"dt!e! #r!.are n e9!st+ .ean!s.e sa

s8e.e s#e!1!e de trasa3!%!tate, e9e#t!a 1er.e%"r de re tere a 5a!%"r, nde aeste er!nte sntș"3%!-at"r!!$

S!ste.e%e de #r"dt!e e"%"-!+ #"t 1! "ns!derate + a " ast1e% de er!nt+, !.#s+ #r!n!.#%e.entarea er!nte%"r de trasa3!%!tate$ 6n %e-!s%at!a #r!5!nd #r"dse%e e"%"-!e, aent% este #s #e 5er!1!area #r"ese%"r ! .ent!nerea !nte-r!t+t!! #r"dse%"r de;a %n-% %ant%! a%!.entar$ș

Aeast+ er!nt+ #"ate 1! d"5ed!t+ #r!n ert!1!area n!t+t!! de #r"dt!e ! #r"esare, a 1!!nd "#erat"r ș

/n "3t!nerea de #r"dse e"%"-!e$

Trasa3!%!tatea #"ate 1! t!%+ #entr s"#r! ana%!t!e, #entr a !dent!1!a #"s!3!%e a*e a%ene! #r"3%e.e$ De e9e.#%:

> !dent!1!area ttr"r %"r!%"r #"s!3!%e nde n #a8et a%!.ente #"ate 5en! /n "ntat a%t #r"ds are #"ate deter.!na "nta.!narea?> "%etarea !n1"r.at!!%"r %e-ate de !st"r!% te.#eratr!!, de;a %n-% %ant%! a%!.entar saa% ter.en%! de 5a%a3!%!tate a% ae%! #r"ds, !n1"r.at!! are 5"r 1! 1"%"s!te #entr adeter.!na 4t de .%t a 1"st de#"*!tat sa trans#"rtat #r"ds% /n a1ara %!.!te%"r r!t!e dete.#eratr+$

2. IMPORTANTA TRASABILITĂTII PENTRU INDUSTRIE

Pentr !ndstr!a a%!.entar+ ! #entr set"are%e de #r"esare a #r"dse%"r a-r!"%e !ș ș

*""te8n!e, s!ste.e%e de trasa3!%!tate snt #arte d!n a#a!tatea de:

> a sat!s1ae er!nte%e %e-!s%at!5e?> a /ntre#r!nde at!n! "%et!5e #r".#te, #r!n retra-erea #r"dse%"r de #e #!at+ ! #+strareaș

re#tat!e! 1!r.e! 0/n a*% n! !n!dent %e-at de a%!tatea ! s!-ranta #r"dse%"r a%!.entare2?ș

> a rede %a .!n!. .+r!.ea %"tr!%"r retrase de #e #!at+ ! "str!%e !.#%!ate?ș

> a rede %a .!n!. r+s#4nd!rea "r!+re! 3"%! "nta-!"ase /n r4nd% an!.a%e%"r?> a #r"tea %ant% a%!.entar 1at+ de e1ete%e n"r 3"%! a#+rte %a an!.a%e?> a 1rn!*a #r"dse are s+ .ent!n+ ! s+ reas+ !nrederea "ns.at"r!%"r?ș

> a rea #r"dse d!1erent!ate #e #!at+, /n 1nt!e de ."d% de #r"dt!e$

I.#%e.entarea s!ste.e%"r de trasa3!%!tate /n #r"dt!e #"t -enera s8!.3+r! %e-ate de s!ste.e%e de"ntr"% a%e #r"ese%"r$

3. ELEMENTELE TRASABILITATII

E9!st+ e%e.nte de 3a*+ a%e trasa3!%!t+t!! are, !.#ren+, "nst!t!e n s!ste. !nte-rat detrasa3!%!tate /n %ant% a-r";a%!.entar$

Trasabilitatea produsului B deter.!n+ %"% 1!*! a% n! #r"ds, %a "r!e n!5e% d!n %ant%a%!.entar, /n s"#% de a 1a!%!ta .ana-e.ent% %"-!st!, re8e.area #r"ds%! ! d!se.!narea deș

!n1"r.at!! +tre "ns.at"r sa a%te #+rt! !nteresate$



Trasabilitatea procesului B are sta3!%e te t!#% ! se5enta de at!5!tate are a a1etatș ș

#r"ds% /n t!.#% "#erat!!%"r /n #er!"ada de re tere, #"st;re"%tare 0e se /nt4.#%+, nde seș

/nt4.#%+, 4nd se /nt4.#%+2$Trasabilitatea genetică B deter.!n+ strtra -enet!+ a #r"ds%!$ In%de !n1"r.at!!

#r!5!re %a "r!-!nea 0t!#, 1rn!*"r2 "r-an!s.e%"r ."d!1!ate -enet! 0OMG2 sa a .ater!a%e%"r "3t!nte

d!n OMG$Trasabilitatea input-urilor B deter.!n+ t!#% ! "r!-!nea 0srs+, 1rn!*"r!2 !n#t;r!%"r aș

1ert!%!*ant!, a#a de !r!-at!e, an.a%e, ntretr!, ad!t!5! 1"%"s!t! #entr "nser5area !saș

trans1"r.area .ater!!%"r #r!.e de 3a*+ /n #r"dse a%!.entare #r"esate 0re"nst!t!te sa n"!2$Trasabilitatea bololor i dăunătorilor ș B r.+re te e#!de.!"%"-!a d+n+t"r!%"r, r!sr!%eș

3!"%"-!e 03ater!!, 5!rsr! sa a%te .!r""r-an!s.e #at"-ene2 are #"t "nta.!na a%!.ente%e !ș

.ater!!%e #r!.e$Trasabilitatea măsurătorilor B "netea*+ .+sr+t"r!%e !nd!5!da%e re*%tate, /ntr;n !r!t

ne/ntrer#t de a%!3rare, standarde%e de re1er!nt+ ae#tate$ Pentr a rea%!*a aest %r,e8!#a.ente%e de .+srare ! testare, #re. ! standarde%e de .+srare snt a%!3rate, #r!nș ș

t!%!*area n! standard de re1er!nt+, a +r! a%!3rare este ert!1!at+ a 1!!nd trasa3!%+ %a n standard

nat!"na% sa !nternat!"na% 0Gardner, E$L$ and Ras3err, S$D$ (77=2$Un s!ste. de trasa3!%!tate 1rn!*ea*+ !n1"r.at!! t!%e at4t #entr "ns.at"r% 1!na% a%

#r"ds%! 4t ! #entr t"t %ant% de d!str!3t!e d!ntre #r"d+t"r ! "ns.at"r$ș ș

Pentr consumator, trasa3!%!tatea #re!*ea*+:

> care este "r!-!nea a%!.ent%! 0e9$ nde a 1"st #es!t n #e te sa nde a 1"st rest+ș

" 5a+2?> când a 1"st #es!t #e te%e sa a 1"st #r"esat+ " 5a+?ș

> ce "r-an!*at!! a 1"st !.#%!ate /n #r"esarea, d!str!3t!a a%!.ente%"r

Pentr dstr!utor "n d"ta#, trasa3!%!tatea "1er+ !n1"r.at!!%e #r!5!nd:

> care este "r!-!nea a%!.ent%! 0e9$ nde a 1"st #es!t n #e te sa nde a 1"st rest+ș

" 5a+2?> când a 1"st #es!t #e te%e sa a 1"st #r"esat+ " 5a+?ș

> ce "r-an!*at!! a 1"st !.#%!ate /n #r"esarea, d!str!3t!a a%!.ente%"r

Pentr dstr!utoru# "n $ros, trasa3!%!tatea sta3!%e te:ș

> când se a tea#t+ n"!%e %"tr! de #r"dse, %a a#a!tatea .a9!.+ de d!str!3t!e?ș

> ."d!1!+r! #entr er!nte%e de trans#"rt, de#"*!tare, et$

Cer!nte%e s!.!%are snt a#%!a3!%e %a t"ate n!5e%r!%e %ant%! a%!.entar, /n #r"esare, .aret!n-,restarante, ater!n-, et$



%. &ARA&TERISTI&I ALE SISTEMELOR DE TRASABILITATE

Carater!st!!%e de 3a*+ a%e s!ste.e%"r de trasa3!%!tate 0e9$ !dent!1!are, !n1"r.are !ș

"netare /ntre aestea2 snt ".ne /n t"ate s!ste.e%e, !nd!1erent de t!#% de #r"ds, s!ste.% de

#r"dt!e ! "ntr"% are este a#%!at$ș

In #rat!a, s!ste.e%e de trasa3!%!tate "nsta d!n #r"edr! de #astrare a !nre-!strar!%"r, arearata #arrs% ne! n!tat! de #r"ds sa a n! %"t de #r"dse sa !n-red!ente, de %a n 1rn!*"r,de;a %n-% ttr"r eta#e%"r !nter.ed!are, are #r"esea*a s! ".3!na !n-red!ente%e !n n"! #r"dses!, de;a %n-% %ant%! a%!.entar, atre "ns.at"r% 1!na%, are ".3!na s! #r"esea*a !n-red!ente%e #r"ds%!, #r!n %ant% a%!.entar, atre "ns.at"r% 1!na% s! ata %a:

> !dent!1!area n!tat!%"r %"tr!%"r ttr"r !n-red!ente%"r s! #r"dse%"r?> !n1"r.at!! des#re and s! . a 1"st tr!.!se s! trans1"r.ate?> n s!ste. are "re%ea*a aeste date$

S!.#%e%e !nre-!strar!, sr!se de .ana, sa et!8ete%e #r!ntate snt !n%"!te ra#!d de!dent!1!ar! at".at!*ate 0e9$ "dr! de 3are s! et!8ete #r!n rad!" 1re5enta2$ In aest 1e% a rest"ns!dera3!% s! ant!tatea de !n1"r.at!e are #"ate 1! !dent!1!ata s! 1rn!*ata #r!n aest t!# des!ste.e$

Aeasta e5"%t!e a deter.!nat " !.3natat!re s3stant!a%a a s!ste.e%"r de trasa3!%!tate$S!ste.e%e de trasa3!%!tate snt 5ar!a3!%e, d!n #nt de 5edere a% !n1"r.at!e!, s! snt

!nde#endente, !n 1nt!e de natra #r"ds%!, #rat!!%e de #r"esare sa de "3t!nere !n 1er.a,s#e!1!at!!%e %!ent%! s! re-%e.entar!%e !n 5!-"are$

Mean!s.e%e r"3ste !.#%!ate !n s!ste.e%e de trasa3!%!tate arata a este ne5"!e deatent!1!area a "r!are! !n1"r.at!!, a#a3!%a sa 1!e ata%!*ata s! d!s#"n!3!%a !n %ant% a%!.entar$ Inne%e a*r!, teste%e ana%!t!e #"t re#re*enta n s#"rt s! #"t 1! 5er!1!ate !n s!ste.e%e detrasa3!%!tate$

S!ste.e%e de trasa3!%!tate a a#a!tatea de a 1rn!*a !nre-!strar!, !n 1nt!e de natra #r"ds%!, #rat!!%e de #r"dt!e s! #r"esare, s#e!1!at!!%e %!ent!%"r, er!nte%e %e-!s%at!5e$ Inan.!te a*r! ana%!*e%e de %a3"rat"r #"t "nst!t! s!ste.e s#"rt s! de 5er!1!are a trasa3!%!tat!!$



'. &OMPONENTELE UNUI SISTEM DE TRASABILITATE

Intr;n s!ste. de trasa3!%!tate e9!sta st"at n 5"%. de !n1"r.at!e, atat #entr #r"dse at s! #entr #r"ese, are 1"r.ea*a ".#"nente 8e!e 0n"ste a ent!tat! 8e!e2, asa . este #re*entat !n 1!-ra ($

($. 1. &om)on"nt"#" d" !a*+ a#" unu sst"m d" trasa!#tat".

'.1. Sst"mu# d" trasa!#tat" n actun", ro#ur s r"s)onsa!#tat

Lant% de #r"dt!e a% a%!.ente%"r s! 1rae%"r !.#%!a, de .%te "r!, !n1"r.at!! de %a !.#"rtsa #r"dt!a #r!.ara a #r"dse%"r #ana %a 5an*area atre "ns.at"r% 1!na%$ Pentr 1!eare eta#ad!n %ant% a%!.entar, "#erat"r!! !.#%!at!, at"r!tat!%e ".#etente d!n State%e Me.3re s! a%e Un!n!!Er"#ene 0UE2, a de1!n!t %ar!tate r"%r!%e s! res#"nsa3!%!taa!%e, !n 1nt!e de nees!tat!%e de aras#nde #r".#t!td!ne and n r!s este !dent!1!at$

In "n1"r.!tate art!"%% ( d!n Le-ea Genera%a a A%!.ent%! 0LGA2, re#re*entata deRe-%a.ent% (&''&CE, "#erat"r!! d!n d".en!% a%!.entar snt res#"nsa3!%! #entr !nde#%!n!reaer!nte%"r re%e5ante #entr s!-ranta a%!.ente%"r, !n t"ate eta#e%e de #r"dt!e, #r"esare s!d!str!3t!e a a%!.ente%"r$ C"n1"r. s! n"%! Re-%a.ent de I-!ena a A%!.ente%"r 0Re-%a.ent )&&'' CE2, "#erat"r!! snt, de ase.enea, res#"nsa3!%! #entr 1"r.%area aest"r er!nte$ E9!stad!1er!te t!#r! de er!nte are se adresea*a e%"r are .an!#%ea*a a%!.ente%e, d!n are, ne%e a a

s"# #re5en!rea #r"3%e.e%"r de s!-ranta a%!.entara, a%te%e a a s"# #re-at!rea n"r at!n! de!nter5ent!e, are sa 1!e a#%!a3!%e daa s;ar !nta.#%a ne%e !n!dente !ar a%te%e "nst!tt!e !nstr.entes! "3%!-at!! are tre3!e a#%!ate daa " #r"3%e.a a#are$



-. IMPORTANTA SISTEMELOR DE TRASABILITATE

Trasa3!%!tatea #r"dse%"r a%!.entare "1era " ser!e de a5antae s! 3ene1!!! #entr"ns.at"r!! s! #r"dat"r!! de a%!.ente, d!ntre are, e%e .a! !.#"rtante snt r.at"are%e:

> #r"tet!a s!-rante! a%!.ente%"r,> #r"tet!a sanatat!! an!.a%e%"r,> "ntr"%% 3"%!%"r,> s#ra5e-8erea "#erat!!%"r de .ana-e.ent a re*!dr!%"r a%!.entare,> re8e.area ra#!da s! e1!!enta #r"dse%"r,> 1a!%!tea*a 1nt!"narea s8e.e%"r de as!-rarea a%!tat!!,> #r"tet!a !.#"tr!5a 3!"ter"r!s.%!,> 1"r.area n! n.e #e #!ata s! resterea !nreder!! "ns.at"r!%"r 1ata de n.e%e 1!r.e!,> "ntr"%% "str!%"r,> "ntr"%% 1rade%"r,> "ntr"%% 1rtr!%"r$

S8e.e%e de trasa3!%!tate tre3!e sa sat!s1aa ne5"!a de a .er-e !n r.a "r!are! er!nte%e-!s%at!5e$ In #%s, !.3natates #r"ese%e de "ntr"% s! 3ne%e #rat!! de #r"dt!e 0GMP2$ Ne5"!a a3s"%ta a n! s!ste. d".entat de trasa3!%!tate, #entr %ant% a%!.entar, n a 1"stn!!and .a! #tern!a a !n #er!"ada are a !ne#t an!! (7'$ D"a as#ete #art!%are,re#re*entate de r!*a SE s! de*3aterea #r!5!re %a GMO, !%strea*a aeasta #r"3%e.a$

In!t!a%, #!erderea !nreder!! "ns.at"r!%"r !n arnea de 5!ta, !n UK, dat"r!ta r!*e! SE, ae9aer3at aeasta ne5"!e, .a! a%es #entr !nter*!erea e9#"rtr!%"r$ Aeasta #r"3%e.a s;a "nentrat1"arte .%t #e %!#sa n! s!ste. de trasa3!%!tate ade5at, a% at"r!tat!%"r -5erna.enta%e, #entrarnea de 5!ta$ C".!s!a Meat and L!5est" a sta3!%!t, de ase.enea, " s8e.a de trasa3!%!tate #entr

arnea s! #r"dse%e d!n arne de 5!ta, are sa 1!e a#%!a3!%a #entr #art!!#ant!! %a aeasta s8e.a, !na* de re%a.at!!$ In t!.# e SE a 1"st, 1nda.enta%, " #r"3%e.a de s!-ranta a%!.entara, !n #re*ent este %ar- ae#tat a de*3aterea des#re GMO este " a%e-ere a "ns.at"r!%"r, t!ne detrans#arenta s! et!a !n e #r!5este et!8etarea #r"dse%"r$ Trasa3!%!tatea este n as#et !nd!s#ensa3!%,1!e #entr a !nde#%!n! er!nat%e de %e-!s%at!e #entr et!8etare !n UE, 1!e #entr a st!1!a et!8etareaa%!.ente%"r %!3ere de GMO$

T!nand "nt de ."d% !n are aeste d"a #r"3%e.e reente a1etea*a !ndstr!a a%!.entara,-%"3a%!*area a#r"5!*!"nar!! s! #r"der!!, este #"s!3!%a !dent!1!area n"r as#ete 8e!e a%e s!ste.e%"r de trasa3!%!tate:

> C"n1"r.!tatea er!nte%e nat!"na%e s! !nternat!"na%e, ade5ate #entr trasa3!%!tate> De*5"%tarea n"r s8e.e dest!nate #r"dt!e! a-r!"%e, #entr 3nr! "n5ent!"na%e sa "r-an!e:

; a#a!tatea de a sat!s1ae er!nte%e #!ete!?;a#a!tatea de sat!s1ae er!nte%e de sanatate sa a%te er!nte$

>De1!n!t!a s! "ntr"%% !n-red!ente%"r:;s#e!1!at!! ".#%ete?



;a#a!tatea de a e5!ta er!nte%e #entr er!nte%e ne-at!5e 0e9$ #"ate "nt!ne r.e de n!2

>I.3natat!rea "ntr"%%! #r"ese%"r s! GMP:;s#e!1!at!! ".#%ete de "ntr"% a #r"ese%"r?;standarde ".#%ete #entr #r"ds% 1!na% B a%!tate s! "ns!stenta !.3natat!te?

;s!ste.e are sa sat!s1aa de d!%!-ene?;a#a!tatea de a .!n!.!*a #!erder!%e?

>I.3natat!rea #ere#t!e! "ns.at"r!%"r:;trans#arenta?;!nredere?;1!de%!tate$

S!ste.e%e de "ntr"% a%e #r"dt!e! "nt!n deta%!! #entr 1!eare reteta a n! #r"ds, %ad!1er!te n!5e%r!, #entr !n-red!ente !nd!5!da%e, 1!eare !dent!1!at n "d n!$ Ast1e% de s!ste.esnt -5ernate de er!nte%e de 5an*are, !ne#and #%an% de #r"dt!e, deter.!nant #entr

.ar!.ea 1!ear! %"t de #r"dse, #%an% de a#r"5!*!"nare$ Pentr a n ast1e% de s!ste. sa1nt!"ne*e, este ne5"!e sa #"ata 1! aes!3!% n set ".#%et de !n1"r.at!! deta%!ate, des#res#e!1!at!!%e n!e a%e #r"dse%"r, !n-red!ente%"r, a.3a%ae%"r s! a 1rn!*"r!%"r ae#tat!$ In ."d!dea%, n s!ste. de s#e!1!at!! tre3!e sa 1!e "netat d!ret %a n s!ste. de "ntr"% a%.ana-e.ent%!$ Ast1e%, ."d!1!ar!%e a#r"3ate !r%a at".at #r!n s!ste.% de !n1"r.at!e, de %a "data s#e!1!a s! n #"ate 1! d!sta3!%a des#re e a 1"st ."d!1!at sa . a 1"st s8!.3ata data$

. &onc#u*/

Trasa3!%!tatea este a5anta"as+ d!n r.+t"are%e #nte de 5edere:

; )rot"c0a s+n+t+0 anma#"#or ; sar!na #r"te<!e! s+n+t+<!! an!.a%e%"r re5!ne /n #r!n!#a%1er.!er%! are are t"t !nteres% s+;! .en<!n+ an!.a%e%e /ntr;" stare de s+n+tate 1"arte 3n+ #entr an a5ea #!erder! e"n".!e$

; contro#u# !o##or anma#"#or )+s+r#or #r!n 1a#t% + trasa3!%!tatea #er.!te -+s!rea !.ed!at+ asrse! de nde #r"5!n #e de;" #arte, !ar #e de a%t+ #arte e9!st+ n "ntr"% #e t"ate 5er!-!%e %an<%! de #r"esare, eea e 1ae s+ se e9%d+ 3"%!%e de "r!-!ne an!.a%+ %a ".$

; )rot"c0a s$uran0" omu#u, este 1a5"r!*at+ de s!ste.% de trasa3!%!atate de trasa3!%!tate d!n."t!5e .%t!#%e: e9%derea de %a t+!ere #entr "ns.% #3%! a an!.a%e%"r 3"%na5e sa ss#etate

de 3"%! !n1et;"nta-!"ase #re. ! ".er!a%!*area +rn!!, #r"dse%"r ! s3#r"dse%"r "3<!nte$;contro#u# raud"#or , trasa3!%!tatea /.#ren+ ad!tr!%e #er!"d!e a%e /nre-!str+r!%"r #"t #re5en!1rade%e #r!5!re %a "r!-!nea #r"dse%"r, s#e!!%e de "r-an!s.e t!%!*ate %a "3<!nerea n! #r"ds !5erd!!tatea n"r de%ara<!! #r!5!nd ."d% de "3<!nere, a .ater!!%"r #r!.e sa #r"dse%"r$



ac#tat"a r"tra$"r, trasa3!%!tatea #er.!te ! sta3!%!rea de .+sr! de "ntr"% #entr #re5en!reasa rederea n! 8a*ard !dent!1!at #e 3a*a trasa3!%!t+<!! /n s!ta<!a /n are s;a #r"ds n !n!dente a #s /n #er!"% s!-ran<a "ns.at"r!%"r$

)romo4ar"a m+rc#or, eea e "nde %a "nst!t!rea /nreder!! /n %"!a%!tatea "ns.at"r!%"r 1a<+

de 3n%ser5!!% "1er!t de #r"d+t"r, -arant4nd "r!-!na%!tatea 3nr!%"r !sa ser5!!!%"r #entrare a 1"st reat+ .ara$

; r"a#*ar"a d" )ro$ram" d" su)ra4"$5"r" a contamnan0#or a#m"ntar: trasa3!%!tatea1a!%!tea*+ !dent!1!area #r"dse%"r 8e!e d!ntr;n an.!t %an< a%!.entar /n are este neesar+eant!"narea #r"dse%"r #entr a ."n!t"r!*a "nentra<!a de "nta.!nan<! 8!.!!, .!r"3!"%"-!! ! 3!"%"-!!$

; "4a#uar"a rscur#or a)+rut" 6n urma "7)un"r #a a#m"nt": #"ate 1! "r de."nstrat+ #r!n"re%area !n1"r.a<!!%"r d!n /nre-!str+r!%e rea%!*ate /n adr% s!ste.%! de trasa3!%!tate$

Lantul alimentar

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