CURS DE ENGLEZA IN 900 DE PASIDaca doriti sa gasiti un anumit termen in cadrul acestui curs, scrieti-l mai jos si apasati butonul "Trimite" alaturat, daca nu doriti, puteti lectura acest curs in forma sa integrala. Deoarece in limba romana cuvintele au deseori anumite terminatii, programul e conceput astfel ca sa prezinte toate cuvintele care contin cuvantul cautat, de exemplu adverb: adverbul, adverbului, adverbe, adverbelor. Daca insa vreti un cuvant scurt e bine sa tastati un spatiu inainte si dupa cuvant. Exemplu sun(soare) fara spatiu va gasi si cuvantul sunet sau sunt.

Termen cautat:

1.ARTICOLUL

1. A este articol nehotarat pentru orice substantiv care incepe cu o consoana sau cu o semivocala (w, y sau sunetul iu)An este articol nehotarat pentru orice substantiv care incepe cu o vocala.un baiat - a boyo fata - a girlun unchi - an uncleo matusa - an aunt

o fereastra - a windowun razboi - a warun an - a yearun european - a European (eu se citeste iu)o universitate - a university (u aici se citeste iu)o umbrela - an umbrella (u aici se citeste ca a din padure)

2. Some se foloseste ca plural pentru articolul nehotarat.

In limba engleza, articolul nehotarat nu are plural.In limba romana insa, articolul nehotarat are la plural forma niste.Acesta se traduce prin some care in limba engleza apartine altei categorii gramaticale. niste baieti - some boysniste fete - some girls niste unchi - some unclesniste matusi - some aunts

3. The este articol hotarat pentru orice substantiv si la singular si la plural. La substantivele care incep cu o vocala, exemplu: uncle, aunt, the rimeaza cu cuvantul romanesc zi. baiatul - the boyfata - the girlbaietii - the boysfetele - the girls unchiul - the unclematusa - the aunt

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4. Daca dorim sa accentuam un substantiv care incepe cu o consoana, the se pronunta ca in cazul substantivelor care incep cu o vocala.Iata! Aceea este casa (cu pricina)! - Look! That is THE house!

5. Un substantiv la singular cu cateva exceptii trebuie sa aiba un determinativ, acesta poate fi un articol: a, an, the; un adjectiv pronominal (posesiv, demonstrativ, etc) my house = casa mea, this house = casa aceasta sau un numeral, ten cars = zece masini, in romaneste acest lucru nu e totdeauna obligatoriuin dulap - in the cupboardpe raft - on the shelfin sertarul meu - in my drawer

6. Articolul se pune intre prepozitie si substantiv dar inaintea oricarui adjectiv.un baiat inalt - a tall boyfata inalta - the tall girlin copacul inalt - in the tall tree

7. Partile corpului se folosesc cu un adjectiv posesiv daca actiunea e facuta de cel ce detine acel corp dar cu un articol daca actiunea e facuta asupra acelei persoane.A fost impuscat in brat - He was shot in the arm.L-a privit in ochi - He looked him in the eyeEl a ridicat mana - He raised his handEl s-a uitat la piciorul sau - He looked at his legIesi cu mainile deasupra capului - Come out with your hands above your head

8. La meserii se pune a, an la singular atunci cand meseria face parte dintr-un predicat nominal (verbul propozitiei e a fi = to be) la plural insa nu se pune articol.De fapt orice substantiv singular din cadrul unui predicat nominal cere articol in caz ca nu are alt determinativ (vezi ultimele doua exemple)Sora mea e profesoara -My sister is a teacher.Vreau sa fiu pompier - I want to be a firemanEi vor sa fie pompieri - They want to be firemen

Ea e matusa mea - She is my auntShawn is a boy. - Shawn este baiat.

9. La popoare se pune the si adjectivul cu litera mareiar pentru terminatiile sh, s si ch se foloseste singularul (adica nu se mai pune un s):francezii - the Frenchelvetienii - the Swissamericanii - the Americansitalienii - the Italians

10. Spre deosebire de limba romana, la substantivele folosite in sens general este necesar articolul nehotarat: Ca prieten - As a friendCe om! - What a man!

11. Pentru materii nu se foloseste articol:

aurul straluceste - gold shines matasea e moale - silk is soft

12. Substantivele abstracte nu neecesita: Iubirea nu moare niciodata - Love never diesInteligenta nu poate fi usor masurata - Intelligence can not be measured easily

13. La plural nu se foloseste articolul, ca si pe romaneste daca se fac afirmatii generale Cartile sunt grele dar trebuie sa iau cartile mari cu mine - Books are heavy but I must take THE big books with me.

14. In titlurile articolelor din ziar de multe ori articolele sunt omise Un student incendiaza o casa - Student burns down house Barbat muscat de un papagal - Man bit by parrot.

15. Articolul se omite in indicatii sceniceHamlet isi pune intrebarea celebra - Hamlet asks famous question

16. Articolul ca si in romaneste nu apare la inceputul explicatiilor din dictionarePeru: tara din America de Sud - Petru: country in South America

2.SUBSTANTIVUL

17. Ca si in romana substantivele se pot numara si se acorda in numar cu alte parti de vorbire (articol, verb)un baiat, doi baieti - one boy, two boysUn fermier are o ferma - A farmer has a farmSome farmers have a farm - Niste fermieri au o ferma.

18. Substantivul nu se acorda cu adjectivul un baiat inalt - a tall boyniste baieti inalti - some tall boys

o fata inalta - a tall girlniste fete inalte - some tall girls

19. In general substantivele nu au gen si chiar cand au, substantivul si adjectivul nu se acorda nici dupa gen, nici dupa numar, nici dupa caz.

Exemplu: adjectivul friendly ramane neschimbat.un chelner prietenos - a friendly waitero chelnerita prietenoasa - a friendly waitresschelneri prietenosi - friendly waiterschelnerite prietenoase - friendly waitresses

20. Pentru substantivele colective(politie, counsiliu etc) desi substantivul e la singular, verbul se poate pune la plural: consiliul nu ajunge la o intelegere - the council disagree (in loc de disagrees)

21. Ca si in limba romana exista substantive fara plural fier - ironapa - wateraer - airetc

22. In cazul numelor de substante, substantivele nu au pluralapa - wateraer - airfier - ironlemn - woodsilk - matasesange - blood

23. Substantivele abstracte nu au plural:prietenie - friendshipbucurie - joylucrare - work

24. Substantive fara singular: fizica - physics, politica - politics; acestea se folosesc cu verbul la singular:fizica este o stiinta - physics is a sciencefoarfece - scissors, ochelari - eyeglasses (obiecte pereche)se folosesc cu verbul la plural: These scissors are sharp (Aceasta foarfeca e ascutita).

25. Cand un obiect pereche e folosit cu "a pair of" verbul e la singular.There is a pair of eyeglasses on the table - Este o pereche de ochelari pe masa.

26. Ca regula generala pluralul se formeaza adaugand un s.boy - boys (baiat - baieti) girl - girls (fata - fete)

aunt - aunts (matusa - matusi) uncle - uncles (unchi - unchi)

27. Daca substantivul la rostirea lui nu accepta s se pune o alta terminatie dupa caz.

28. Daca substantivul se termina in s la plural se pune es:bus - buses (autobuz - autobuze)class - classes (clasa - clase)boss - bosses (sef, sefi)

29. Daca substantivul se termina in ch la plural se pune es:church - churches (biserica - biserici)patch - patches (petec - petece)bench - benches (banca - banci)

30. Daca substantivul se termina in x la plural se pune es:box - boxes (cutie - cutii)fox - foxes (vulpe - vulpi)mix - mixes (amestec - amestecuri)

31. Daca substantivul se termina in z la plural se pune es:buzz - buzzes (biziit - biziituri) quiz - quizes (extemporal - extemporale)

32. Daca substantivul se termina in sh la plural se pune es:bush - bushes (tufis - tufisuri)crash - crashes (ciocnire - ciocniri)eyelash - eyelashes (geana - gene)

33. Daca substantivul se termina in f sau fe la plural se pune ves: calf - calves (vitel - vitei)knife - knives (cutit - cutite)wife - wives (sotie - sotii)

34. Daca substantivul se termina in doi f nu se pune ves la pluralcuff - cuffs (buton - butoni)muff - muffs (manson - mansoane)

35. Daca substantivul se termina in consoana + y la plural y devine i si pluralul se face cu es:country - countries (tara - tari)fly - flies (musca - muste)party - parties (petrecere - petreceri)

36. Daca insa substantivul se termina in vocala + y pluralul se face cu s:day - days (zi - zile)play - plays (piesa de teatru - piese de teatru)

37. Daca substantivul se termina in o pluralul se face cu es:tomato - tomatoes (rosie - rosii)potato - potatoes (cartof - cartofi)

38. Exista exceptii de formare a pluraluluiman - men (barbat - barbati) woman - women (femeie - femei) child - chidren (copil - copii) goose - geese (gasca - gaste)mouse - mice (soarece - soareci)ox - oxen (bou - boi)

39. Daca substantivul e neologism pluralul poate avea alta forma: analysis - analyses (analiza - analize) datum - data

40. Unele substantive au pluralul identic cu singularul, dar verbul se pune in functie de numarul la care se refera contextul.

series - series sheep - sheep (oaie - oi) deer - deer (caprioara - caprioare)There is a deer in the bush. - E o caprioara in tufis. There are deer in these forests - Sunt caprioare in aceste paduri

41. Cateodata pluralul se refera la mai multe tipuri din substantivul respectiv:fruit (fruct, fructe) - fruits (tipuri de fruct) fish (peste, pesti) - fishes (tipuri de peste)cheese (branza) - cheeses (branzeturi)meat (carne) - meats (carnuri)

42. Genul substantivului:Daca substantivul prin inteles are un gen atunci pronumele care ii tine locul va fi he pentru masculin, she pentru feminin si it pentru neutru.My friend is ten. He is in fourth grade - Prietenul meu are zece ani. El e in clasa a patra.My sister is six. She is in first grade - Sora mea are sase ani. Ea e in clasa intai.My room is small. It is a mess. - Canera mea e mica. Ea e dezordonata.

43. Unele substantive pot capata gen prin personificare: Ship - Vapor, poate fi she

44. Genul poate fi format prin adaugarea sufixului ess la feminin. Dar numai pentru anumite cuvinte. Nu adaugati daca nu stiti ca acel cuvant accepta aceasta: waiter - chelner, waitress - chelneritaactor - actor, actress - actritalion - leu, lioness - leoaica

45. La pasari doar daca se vrea sa se precizeze genul se zice cock sau hen.sparrow - vrabie cock sparrow - vrabioihen sparrow - vrabiuta

parrot - papagal cock parrot - mascul de papagalhen parrot - femela de papagal

46. Exceptie de la aceasta regula: peacock e paun in general iar peahen e paunita. Pea singur ar insemna mazare.

47. La unele animale se formeaza altfel genul (tot ca mai sus, numai daca trebuie precizat):goat - capra: billy goat, nanny goatass - catar: jack ass, jenny ass

48. Nominativ:Raspunde la intrebarea: cine? sau ce?Dan merge la scoala. Cine merge la scoala? Dan. Dan goes to school - Dan merge la scoala.The boy goes to school - Baiatul merge la scoala

49. Genitiv:Raspunde la intrebarile: al cui? a cui? ai cui? ale cui?Copertile cartii sunt verzi.Ale cui coperti sunt verzi? Ale cartii.Copertile cartii sunt verzi.

The covers of the book are greensau The book's covers are green

50. 's se numeste genitivul saxon sau posessive case.E mult mai folosit decat forma cu of. Apostrophe s, apostrophe sShows the things that we posses

Apostrof s, apostrof s,Arata ceea ce noi posedam

51. Genitivul saxon 's se foloseste: la singularul substantivelor:my brother's friend - prietenul fratelui meuthe cat's kittens - pisoii pisicii

52. Genitivul saxon 's se foloseste si la pluralele care nu se termina in s:men - barbat, men's - barbatilor

Men's cloting is changing - Imbracamintea barbatilor (pentru barbati) se schimba

53. Daca substantivul e la plural si se termina cu s, genitivul saxon devine numai apostrof si nu se citeste My friends' cars are out there - Masinile prietenilor mei sunt acoloThe girls' recital is tomorrow. - Recitalul fetelor are loc maine

54. Daca substantivul e la singular se pune 's chiar daca se termina in s: My boss's car is out there (boss's se citeste la fel ca bosses)

55. Anumite cladiri (house, shop, office etc)se omit dupa acest genitiv saxonla casa unchiului meu:at my uncle's house - at my uncle'sla cabinetul doctoruluiat the doctor's office - at the doctor's

56. Dativ: Raspunde la intrebarea cui?Am dat cartea MatildeiCui am dat cartea? MatildeiI gave the book to Matilda Am dat cartea MatildeiI gave the book to my friend - Am dat cartea prietenului meu.Am dat cartea lui Octavian - I gave the book to Octavian

57. Dativul in engleza poate sta si inainte si dupa verb. Daca dativul vine inainte de verb nu se pune to altfel se pune.Give Rose my love sau Give my love to Rose - Transmite-i lui Rose dragostea mea.I gave Octavian the book sau I gave the book to Octavian

58. Acuzativ: Raspunde la una din intrebarile:Pe cine? ce?L-am vazut pe OctavianPe cine am vazut? Pe OctavianI saw Octavian - L-am vazut pe OctavianI fed the puppy - Am hranit catelusulI skipped lunch - Am sarit masa de pranz

3.ADJECTIVUL

59. Adjectivul sta inaintea substantivuluitall woman - femeie inaltahappy girl - fata fericitawhite swan - lebada alba

60. Diminutivele in engleza se formeaza punand little sau small in fata substantivuluiSmall descrie mai mult marimea, deci pentru a arata afectiune folositi littleMy little girl is in kindegarten - Fetita mea e la gradinitaI want to buy the small book, please. - As Vrea va rog, sa cumpar cartea cea mica.

61. Adjectivul se pune intre articol si substantivthe old man - barbatul batranthe little boy - baietelula tall man - un barbat inaltthe short men - barbatii scunzi

62. Adjectivele nu au gen si nici plural a tired waiter - un chelner obosit a tired waitress - o chelnerita obosita 10 tired waiters - 10 chelneri obositi

63. Ca si in romaneste adjectivele pot fi folosite cu verbul to be - a fi (predicat nominal) sau cu alte verbe de legatura dupa cum veti vedea la capitolul verbe.. the cat is grey - pisica este cenusiea grey cat - o pisica cenusie children are curios - copiii sunt curiosicurious children - copii curiosi

64. Adjective demonstrative: acest, aceasta, acesti, acestetotdeauna sunt insotite de un substativ,. Cand sunt singure sunt pronume demonstrative.Acest baiat e fiul meu - adjectiv demonstrativBaiatul acesta e fiul meu - adjectiv demonstrativAcesta e fiul meu - pronume demonstrativ

65. In engleza, adjectivul demonstrativ acest/aceasta si pronumele demonstrativ acesta/aceasta este this This boy is my son - Acest baiat e fiul meuThis is my son - Acesta e fiul meu

This girl is my daughter - Aceasta fata e fiica mea, Fata aceasta e fiica mea.This is my daughter - Aceasta e fiica mea.

66. In engleza, adjectivul demonstrativ acesti/aceste si pronumele demonstrativ acestia/acestea este these These boys are my sons - Acesti baieti sunt fiii mei, Baietii acestia sunt fiii mei.These are my sons - Acestia sunt fiii mei

These girls are my daughters - Aceste fete sunt fiicele mele, Fetele acestea sunt fiicele mele.These are my daughters - Acestea sunt fiicele mele.

67. In engleza, adjectivul demonstrativ acel/acea si pronumele demonstrativ acela/aceea este that That boy is my son - Acel baiat e fiul meu, Baiatul acela e fiul meu.That is my son - Acela este fiul meu

That girl is my daughter - Acea fata e fiica mea, Fata aceea e fiica mea.That is my daughter - Aceea e fiica mea.

68. In engleza, adjectivul demonstrativ acei/acele si pronumele demonstrativ aceia/acelea este those Those boys are my sons - Acei baieti sunt fiii mei, Baietii aceia sunt fiii mei.Those are my sons - Acela sunt fiii mei

Those girls are my daughters - Acele fete sunt fiicele mele, Fetele acelea sunt fiicele mele.Those are my daughters - Acelea sunt fiicele mele.

69. Adjective posesive: meu, mea/tau, ta/sau, sa/nostru, noastra/vostru, voastra/lor totdeauna sunt insotite de un substativ,. Daca ar fi singure ar fi pronume posesive.Adjective posesive:Cainele meu e albPisica mea e bejsauAl meu caine e albA mea pisica e bej

Pronume posesive:Cainele alb e al meuPisica bej e a mea

70. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv meu/ mea/ mei/ mele este <B<MY< b>My son is a teacher - Fiul meu e profesorMy daughter is a teacher - Fiica mea e profesoara

My sons are teachers - Fiii mei sunt profesoriMy daughters are teachers - Fiicele mele sunt profesoare

71. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv tau/ ta/ tai/ tale este <B<YOUR< b>My son is a doctor - Fiul meu e doctorMy daughter is a doctor - Fiica mea e doctorMy sons are doctors - Fiii mei sunt doctoriMy daughters are doctors - Fiicele mele sunt doctori

72. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv lui este <B<HIS< b>His son is a doctor - Fiul lui e doctorHis daughter is a doctor - Fiica lui e doctor

73. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv ei este <B<HER< b>Her son is a lawyer - Fiul ei e avocatHer daughter is a lawyer - Fiica ei e doctor

74. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv nostru/ nostra/ nostri/ noastre este <B<OUR< b>Our son is a barber - Fiul nostru e barbierOur daughter is a barber - Fiica noastra e barlerOur sons are barbers - Fiii nostri sunt doctoriOur daughters are barbers - Fiicele noastre sunt barbierite

75. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv vostru/ voastra/ tostri/ voastre este <B<YOUR< b>Your son is a tailor - Fiul vostru e croitorYour daughter is a dressmaker - Fiica voastra e croitoreasaYour sons are tailors - Fiii vostri sunt croitoriYour daughters are dressmakers - Fiicele voastre sunt croitorese

76. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv lor este theirTheir son is a painter - Fiul lor e pictorTheir daughter is a painter - Fiica lor e pictorTheir sons are painters - Fiii lor sunt pictoriTheir daughters are painters - Fiicele lor sunt pictori

77. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv mai are o forma its - pentru obiecte Pentru obiecte multiple insa, adica la plural, se foloseste, la fel ca pentru fiinte their. That is my book.Its cover is torn - Aceea este cartea mea. Coperrta ei este rupta.Those are my books.Their covers are torn - Acelea sunt cartile mele. Coperrtile lor sunt rupte.

78. Dupa cum se vede in exemplele de mai sus, atunci cand punem my sau oricare din formele adjectivului posesiv, nu se mai foloseste articolul.a dog - un cainethe dog - cainelesome dogs - niste cainimy dog - cainele meuyour dogs - cainii taitheir dog - cainele lor

79. WHAT inseamna CE.What is that? - Ce este aceea?What day is it? - Ce zi este azi?What is his name? - Ce este numele lui (Cum il cheama)?What age is he? - Ce este varsta lui (Cati ani are)?What is in a name? - Ce este intr-un nume (ce inseamna un nume)? - (Romeo si Julieta Shakespeare)What a man! - Ce om!What are his parents? - Ce sunt parintii lui?What kind of bread is that? - Ce fel de paine este aceea?

80. WHICH inseamna CARE si PE CARE Cand nu e intrebare which se refera deobicei la obiecte sau animale. In cazul oamenilor se foloseste WHO Sigur, cand nu e intrebare insa, nu putem vorbi de pronume interogativ.Which car is Peter's? - Care masina e a lui Peter?Which ones are your parents? - Care sunt parintii tai?Which is better? - Care e mai bun?That is the book WHICH I need. - Aceea e cartea care-mi trebuie.darThat is the boy WHO is my neighbor.- Acela e baiatul care e vecinul meu.The book WHICH I bought. - Cartea pe care am cumparat-o.That which we call a rose - Cel pe care il numim trandafir (ce numim noi trandafir) - (Romeo si Julieta - Shakespeare)

81. WHO inseamna CINE si dupa cum am vazut mai sus poate insemna si care.Who nu poate fi niciodata adjectiv, nu sta pe langa un substantiv.Who are you? - Cine esti?Who is there? - Cine e acolo?(la usa de exemplu)Who is calling? - Cine suna?Who are your parents? - Cine sunt parintii tai?I am who I am - Sunt cine sunt That is the lady who is my teacher - Aceea este doamna care este profesoara mea

82. WHOSE inseamna AL CUI, A CUI, AI CUI, ALE CUI dar siAL CARUI, A CARUI, AI CARUI, ALE CARUIWhose book is that? - A cui e cartea acee?The boy whose mother is an engineer - Baiatul a carui mama e inginerChidren, whose nose is long? Pinocchio's! - Copii, al cui nas e lung? Al lui Pinocchio!

83. SOME inseamna NISTE, CEVA, UNII, UNELE I have some apples - Am niste mere.Some apples are sweet but some are sour - Unele mere sunt dulci dar unele sunt acre

84. Interogativ. In intrebari SOME e pozitiv, Nu presupune ca n-aiDo you have SOME money? - Ai ceva bani?

85. Interogativ. In intrebari ANY e negativ - cel ce intreaba presupune ca n-aiDo you have any money? - Ai vreun ban, cat de cat?

86. La negativ se foloseste any sau no, nu se foloseste some. ANY inseamna in acest caz NICIUN, NICIOTrebuie observat ca in romaneste substantivul care urmeaza lui niciun, nicio e totdeauna la singular pe cand in engleza acest lucru nu e obligatoriu. I don't have any brothers - Nu am niciun fratesau I don't have any brother - Nu am niciun frate

87. Any in propozitiile negative (nu interogative) cere ca verbul sa fie la negativ, in afara de cazul cand verbul insusi presupune o negatie. I don't have any coins. - Nu am nicio monedaI don't see any stars - Nu vad nicio steaHe refused to hear any explanations - A refuzat sa auda vreo explicatie.He denied any wrongdoing - A negat orice faradelege.

88. NO se foloseste numai cu verbul fara negatie.Any este mai des folosit decat no, in special cu alte verbe dacat to be si to have.T have no time - Nu am timpI have no coins. - Nu am moneziI see no stars - Nu vad steleNo good deed goes unpunished - Nici o fapta buna nu scapa nepedepsitaI see no evil, I hear no evil, I speak no evil - Nu vad vreun rau, nu aud vreun rau, nu vorbesc vreun rau.(Cele trei maimute cu mainile pe ochi, pe urechi si pe gura care simbolizeaza asa zisul om curat ca lacrima care nu poarta nicio vina.Cum zicem noi: N-am vazut, n-am auzit.)

89. In propozitiile afirmative ANY are intelesul de ORICEAsk any question - Pune orice intrebareAny help is appreciated - Orice ajutor e apreciatAny book will do - Orice carte e buna (merge) (Vrem sa citim ceva, orice - nu conteaza ce)

90. Cu some, any si no se pot forma multe cuvinte noi apropiate ca inteles de aceste trei forme de baza.De remarcat ca orice compus de-al lui no, pastreaza regula de a scoate orice alta negatie din propozitie. In engleza nu exista negatii duble.Deasemeni orice compus de-al lui any se foloseste in propozitii interogative si negative in locul compusului echivalent cu some someone - cinevaanyone - oricineno one - nimeni

Someone is at the door. - Cineva e la usa.Does anyone know the answer?Anyone can read. - Oricine poate sa citeascaNo one can open that door - Nimeni nu poate deschide usa aceea

91. somebody e la fel ca someone anybody e la fel ca anyone nobody e la fel ca no one In general aceste variante sunt mai folositeSomebody is on the phone. - E cineva la telefonAnybody can see the difference - Oricine vede diferenta

Is anybody there? - E cineva?Nobody can tell you what to do - Nimeni nu-ti poate spune ce sa faci.

92. where - undesomewhere - undevaanywhere - oriunde, nicaierinowhere - nicaieriWhere are you? - Unde esti? I left my keys somewhere - Mi-am lasat cheile undevaAnywhere I go, I am still Romanian - Oriunde ma duc, sunt inca roman(ca) I can not find him anywhere.I found him nowhere

93. way - felsomeway - cumvaanyway - oricumno way - in nici un caz, nu!,nici sa nu te gandesti! - e argouSomeway, we will solve this - Cumva o s-o rezolvam.Anyway I am glad you came - Oricum, imi pre bine ca ai venitNo way, am I going to do that! - In nici un caz nu fac asta!

94. day - zisomeday - intr-o zi, intr-o buna zisomedays - in unele zileone day - intr-o zi

One day e mai precis decat someday. De aceea se foloseste mai ales la trecut.any day - in orice zi, nu are un inteles deosebit.no day - nu exista.Someday my prince will come - Intr-o buna zi imi va veni printul (cantecul din Alba ca Zapada)Someday I will learn to ride a bike - Intr-o zi voi invata sa merg cu bicicletaSomedays I walk to school - In unele zile merg pe jos la scoala One day I decided to change my life - Intr-o zi am hotarat sa-mi schimb viataOne day the world will end - Intr-o zi lumea se va sfarsi

95. sometime - la un moment dat neprecizat in viitorsometimes - cateodataanytime - oricandno time - imediatCome and see me sometime! - Vino vreodata sa ma vezi! Sometimes I think about him - Cateodata ma gandesc la elYou can visit me anytime. - Ma poti vizita oricandI will fix it in no time - Il voi repara imediat

96. how - cumsomehow - cumva<anyhow - oricum, in orice cazno how nu exista (a nu se confunda cu know how care se citeste la fel si inseamna pricepere)

Somehow we will work this out (we will solve this). - Cumva vom rezolva asta.Anyhow, he is your boss, just do as he says. - Oricum el e seful tau, fa cum iti spune.

97. Something is wrong - Ceva e gresit (nu merge)I will give you anything you want - Iti dau orice dorestiNothing is for free - Nimic nu e gratis

98. Neither - nici, nici unul, nici unaneither...nor - nici...niciSe foloseste cand e vorba de numai doua substantive.Nu se foloseste in propozitiile interogative sau in cele ce exprima o negatie deoarece ar produce o dubla negatieSe poate folosi si forma neither oneNeither boy finished the race - Niciunul dintre baieti nu a terminat cursasauNeither one finished the racesauNeither finished the raceNeither am I done. - Nici eu nu am terminatIf you won't go, neither will I - Daca tu nu mergi, nici eu mergNeither book was chosen - Nici una dintre carti nu a fost aleasa.He is neither tall nor short, he is average el e mediu (ca inaltime).

99. Either - oricare (in afirmatii), nici(in negatii si propozitiile interogativ negative)either...or - sau...sauCa si neither, se foloseste cand e vorba de numai doua substantive.Se foloseste si in propozitiile interogativ negative si in cele negative si in cele afirmativeIn propozitiile interogative se aseaza la sfarsitul propozitiei. Se poate folosi si forma either oneEither one can win. - Oricare poate castigaEither you are done or you aren't - Sau ai terminat sau n-ai terminat.I am not asleep either - Nici eu nu dorm.She didn't come either? - Nici ea nu a venit?

100. Both - amandoi, amandouaBoth runners finished the race - Amandoi alergatorii au terminat cursaThey were both exhausted - Erau amandoi epuizati

101. None - niciunul, niciuna Este echivalentul lui neither cand se refera la mai mult de doua substantiveCum se refera la mai mult de doua substantive nu poate fi folosit in combinatia nici...niciNone of my friends called - Nici unul dintre prietenii mei nu a sunat.

102. all - tot, toata, toti, toate, tuturorAstazi de multe ori se inlocuieste cu everythingall the time sau always inseamna totdeauna

All this land is the farmer's - Tot acest pamant este al fermierului.A nation that provides liberty and justice for all - O tara care ofera libertate si dreptate pentru toti.I told all, to leave. - Le-am spus la toti (tuturor) sa plece.All is well that ends well - Totu-i bine cand se termina cu bine (Shaskespeare)All gave some, some gave all - Toti au dat ceva, unii au dat tot (despre soldatii care mor in razboi)“You may fool all the people some of the time, you can even fool some of the people all of the time, but you cannot fool all of the people all the time.” - Poti sa-i pacalesti pe toti oameni cateodata, poti chiar sa-i pacalesti pe unii oamenii totdeauna, dar nu poti sa-i pacalesti pe toti oamenii totdeauna. -Abraham Lincoln

some of the people = some peoplesome of the time = sometimes all of the people = all the people

103. a few - cativa, catevaA few are o nuanta de optimism.We still have a few customers - Avem inca cativa clienti

104. few - cativa, catvaSubliniaza faptul ca e un numar mic, aproape deloc.We have few customers - Avem (doar) cativa cumparatori

105. Asa cum se vede, a few si few folosesc substantive aflate la plural.Si se folosesc in cazuri de multimi numarabileIn celelalte cazuri se foloseste a little respectiv little

106. A LITTLE inseamna PUTINSe foloseste in cazul unor multimi nenumarabile, si in sens pozitiv.We have a little suger left, help yourself! - Mai avem putin zahar, serveste-te!darWe have a few crackers left, help yourself! - Mai avem cativa biscuiti, serveste-te!

107. LITTLE inseamna PUTINSe foloseste in cazul unor multimi nenumarabile, si in sens negativ.deasemeniInseamna MIC fara sens negativWe have little time left before the tornado is here - Mai avem foarte putin timp pana sa ajunga tornada aici.darI have a little girl - Am o fetita

108. EACH - FIECAREEVERY - FIECAREDe multe ori pot fi ambele folosite.There is a table in each room - Este o masa in fiecare camerasauThere is a table in every room - Este o masa in fiecare camera

109. Each considera lucrurile pe rand, fiecare in parteEach subliniaza diferenteleSe foloseste pentru numere miciAnalyze each sentence carefully - Analizeaza fiecare propozitie cu atentieThere were ten cars, each one was a different color - Erau zece masini, fiecare de alta culoareEach wave was higher than the one before - Fiecare val era mai inalt decat cel dinainte.Each child is special - Fiecare copil este deosebit

110. Every este pentru numere mari si are sensul de toate, de orice. Si in romaneste tot omul inseamna fiecare om. Every face tells a story - Fiecare chip spune o povesteEvery dog has his day - Orice caine are ziua sa (proverb)Every child needs to look at the blackboard - Fiecare copil/toti copiii trebuie sa se uite la tablaI solved every problem in the book - Am rezolvat toate problemele din carte

111. Every, nu each arata cat de des se intampla cevaThe clock kept ringing every ten minutes - Ceasul suna la fiecare zece minute.la fel se zice:every year, every two week - in fiecare an, la fiecare doua saptamani etc

112. Each poate sta pe langa un substantiv (ca adjectiv) sau poate sa nu stea (ca pronume)Buy one of each - Cumpara una din fiecare The children were each given candy - Copiii au primit toti bomboanesauEach child was given candy - Fiecare copil a primit bomboane.

113. Every insa cere totdeauna un substantiv, sau cuvantul one. Ca si some, any si no, every este baza pentru o multime de alte cuvinte.

114. thing - lucrueverything - toate lucrurile, tot, totulEverything is ready - Totul este gataEverything fell into place - Totul s-a lamurit, a cazut in locasul sau (expresie)Everything is ok - Totul este bine.>br> I'll tell you everything I know - Iti spun tot ce stiu

115. day - zi everyday - zilnicSe pune numai la sfarsitul propozitieiI see him everyday - Il vad zilnicI drink milk everyday - Beau zilnic lapte

116. where - undeeverywhere - peste tot

I looked for my watch everywhere - Mi-am cautat ceasul peste totPeople everywhere are the same - Oamenii peste tot sunt la fel

117. time - timpeverytime - de cate oriEverytime I think of Lisa, I cry - De cate ori ma gandesc la Lisa, plangThat happens everytime I dial the number - Asta se intampla de cate ori formez numarul.

118. body - corpeverybody - toata lumea, toti, toate Everybody este opusul lui nobody (nimeni)In Romania everybody speaks RomanianEverybody wants to be a cat - Toata lumea vrea sa fie pisica

119. Everyone e sinonim cu everybody Everyone se refera deci la oameni.Everyone cu acest inteles se scrie intr-un cuvant.I'm asking everyone to donate some money - Cer tuturor sa doneze niste bani.

120. Every one scris in doua cuvinte se poate folosi si pentru lucruri cu intelesul de fiecare.One se foloseste ca sa tina locul substantivului.He is invited to lots of parties and he goes to every one. - E invitat la multe petreceri si se duce la fiecare (adica la toate.Every one aici inseamna every party.

121. Every one of si each of inseamna fiecare dintreEach of nu trebuie confundat cu one of each care inseamna unul din fiecare.Sau cu one for each - unul pentru fiecare. Every one of you must be brave in battle - Fiecare dintre voi trebuie sa fie curajos in batalieEach (one) of us has a destiny. - Fiecare dintre noi are un destinHere is the candy. Please take one of each kind. - Iata bomboanele. Terog ia cate un fel din fiecare.We have a toy for each child - Avem cate o jucarie pentru fiecare copil.

122. Each and every e un mod emfatic de a spune totEach se refera la particularEvery se refera la general> Deci impreuna arata tot substantivul, in intregimea sa.Each and rvery soldier must be ready die for his ountry - Fiecare soldat trebuie sa fie gata sa moara pentru taraEach and every building needs to withstand earthquakes - Fiecare cladire trebuie sa reziste la cutremure

123. Diferentele dintre each, every si all- Each se refera la fiecare individ fara sa tina seama de grup- Every se refera la fiecare individ din cadrul grupului.- All se refera la toti vazuti ca grup - intregul grup.

I ate all of the bread - Am mancat toata painea.I ate every bread - Am mancat fiecare paine, toate painile (din cos de exemplu)deasemeniAll I've had was bread - Inseamna tot ce am macat a fost painea. (Nu am mancat decat paine)Everything I had was bread - Inseamna ca fiecare mancare a fost paine.

124. All se foloseste cu o prepozitie, altfel se refera la toti membri din univers al acelui substantiv. Every cere un substantiv dupa el (e adjectiv).All dogs are mean - Toti caine (de pe pamant) sunt raiNo, all of your dogs are mean - Nu, toti cainii tai sunt raiEvery dog I have is from an animal sheler - Fiecare caine pe care il am e de la un adapost opentru animale.Each one was probably ill-treated in the past - Fiecare a fost probabil prost tratat in trecut.Caring is all about patience. - Ingrijitul este in intregime legat de rabdare. All for one and one for all! - Unul pentru toti, toti pentru unul.

125. Other - alt, alta, alti, alteOther nearticulat daca sta pe langa un substantiv acesta e la pluralI also have other ideas - Am si alte idei

126. The other - celalalt, cealalta, ceilalti, celelalte.The other daca sta pe langa un substantiv acesta poate fi si la singular si la pluralI took the other coat. - Am luat hauna cealalta.dar siI took my other coat - Mi-am luat haina cealaltaThe other coats I have are too warm - Celelalte haine pe care le am sunt prea calduroase

127. Daca the other nu sta pe langa un substantiv se pune cuvantul "one" optional.The other wallpaper is brown - Celalalt tapet e maronThe other one is brown - Celalalt(despre care e vorba) e maron.The other is brown.

128. Another - un alt, o altaI want another book - Vreau o alta carteI want the other book - Vreau cartea cealaltaI want other books - Vreau alte cartiI want the other books - Vreau celelalte carti

129. Others - altiiOthers e NUMAI pronume, adica nu poate fi urmat de un substantiv.I want another piece of pie - Vreau o alta felie de placinta, Mai vreau o felie, inca o felie de placintaI want the other piece - Vreau cealalta felie I hope the others liked it too - Sper ca si celorlalti le-a placur

130. In romaneste spunem: Eu te vad pe tine.S-au folosit doua pronume la acuzativ: te si pe tine.In limba engleza nu e necesar sa se puna doua pronume la acuzativPropozitia de mai sus in engleza ar fi: Eu vad pe tine adica I see you. Tu ma vezi pe mine - You see metot asaEu le vreau pe celelalte se transforma in Eu vreau celelalte - I want the others<>br

131. Bun - mai bun - cel mai bunReprezinta gradele de comparatie ale adjectivelor- mai bun se numeste comparativ- cel mai bun se numeste superlativCa si in romana in engleza comparativul poate fi:- de inferioritate- de egalitate- de superioritate O pasare mai putin frumoasa ca papagalul este porumbelul.- inferioritateO pasare la fel de frumoasa ca papagalul e porumbelul.- egalitate0 pasare mai frumoasa ca papagalul e porumbelul.- superioritate

132. Vom studia intai comparatia de superioritate:Cel mai raspandit caz e cel al comparatiei Saxone: smart - smarter - the smartest destept - mai destept - cel mai destept

133. Comparatia saxona se intalneste la adjectivele monosilabice Exemple

red - redder - the reddest -> rosu - mai rosu - cel mai rosubig - bigger - the biggest -> inaltsmall - smaller - the smallest -> micthck - grosthin - subtireold - batranyoung - tanartall - inaltshort - scundfat - grasfast - rapidslow - incetfew - putinihot - fierbintecold - rece, frigetc

134. Daca ultima consoana e precedata de o vocala scurta ultima consoana se dubleaza. Daca ultima consoana e precedata de doua vocale automat ultima vocala nu e scurta. red - redder - the reddestbig - bigger - the biggest

darfair - fairer - the fairestsoon - sooner - the soonest

The biggest elephant in the world - Cel mai mare elefant din lume

135. Daca adj se termina in e, nu se pun doi ecute - cuter - cutest -> scumpellarge - larger - the largest -> voluminos

136. Pentru adjectivele de doua silabe terminate in y, y se transforma in i skinny - skinnier - the skinniest - slabfunny - funnier - the funniest - nostimcrafty - craftier - the craftiest - viclean

137. Pt adjectivele lungi se foloseste comparatia francezainteresting - more interesting - the most interestingterrible - more terrible - the most terrible

My book is more interesting than Peter'sBut the most interesting book is Tom's

138. Unele adjective au comparatie neregulatagood - bunbad - raulittle - putin

139. good - better - the best -> bun - mai bun - cel mai bunThis is a good drawing - Aceasta e un desen bunThis drawing is better than that one - Acest desen e mai bun decat acela.Erin has the best drawings - Erin face desenele cele mai bune.

140. bad - worse - the worst -> rau - mai rau - cel mai raubad inseamna si slab intr-o indeletnicireBad teachers are everywhere - Profesori slabi sunt peste totJeff is a worse teacher than others - Jeff e un profesor mai slab decat altiiBut he probably is not the worst teacher - Dar probabil ca nu e cel mai slab profesor

141. little - less - the least -> putin - mai putin - cel mai putinWe had little rain this year - Am avut putina ploaie anul astaBut last year we had less - Dar anul trecut am avut mai putinaI know, and two years ago we had the least rain in history - Stiu, si acum doi ani am avut cea mai putina ploaie din istorie.

142. Desi a little si little, a few si few etcNu inseamna chiar acelasi lucru, gradele lor de comparatie sunt la felWe had a little rain this year Yes, last year we had lessinseamnaA plouat putin (adica un pic) anul asta

Da, anul trecut a fost mai putina (ploaie)siWe had little rain this year But, last year we had even lessinseamnaA plouat putin anul astaDar anul trecut am avut si mai putina (ploaie)

143. Pentru a sublinia ideea

la comparativ se zicethan the others - decat ceilaltiiarla superlativ se zice of all - dintre toti This skirt is longer than the others - Aceasta fusta e mai lunga decat celaltesauThis skirt is longer than the other skirts - Aceasta fusta e mai lunga decat celalte fusteiarThis is the longest skirt of all - Aceasta este cea mai lunga fustaThis is the longest of all skirts - Aceasta e cea mai lunga dintre toate fustele

sauThis skirt is longer than the other skirts - sau

144. My book is better than John's bookeste exprimarea completa. Dar book se subintelege si de multe ori se omite. My book is better than John'sdarMy book is better than your bookdevineMy book is better than yours

145. Comparatia de egalitate

as ...asthe same...as

la fel caMy book is as interesting as Peter's - Cartea mea e la fel de interesanta ca al lui Peter

My book is the same as Peter's - Cartea mea e la fel cu a lui PetruMbr> My book is the same book as Peter's - Cartea mea e aceiasi carte ca a lui Petru

146. as...as - poate fi folosit cu intelesul de cat se poate de

I'm as happy as can be - Sunt fericit(a)la culmeas sad as can be - trist(a) la culmeas lonely as can be - singur singureletc

147. Comparatia de inferioritate:

Se face cu: less - least: mai putin - cel mai putin sau cu few - fewer - the fewestThe sky is less cloudy today - Cerul e mai putin inorat astazi (decat ieri sau in trecut se subintelege)That island has the least cloudy sky imaginable - Insula aceea are cel mai putin noros cer imaginabildar I have fewer shirts than Andrew - Am mai putine camasi decat AndrewBut, Jack has the fewest of all - Dar Jack are cele mai putine

148. Comparativul de inferioritate:poate fi si:not so...as - nu atat de...caThat cake is not as sweet as this one - Acea prajitura nu e atat de dulce ca asta

149. much - multmuch - more - the most: mult - mai mult - cel mai multAsa cum little sau few formeaza comparatia de inferioritate, more sau many formeaza comparatia de superioritate. Ca si little si few ele pot fi folosite si in alte contexte: I've been walking many miles - Am mers multe mileMuch ado about nothing - Mult zgomot pentru nimic (Shakespeare)- azi folosire iesita din uz

150. Much - se foloseste cu multimi nenumarabileIn engleza moderna, se foloseste in propozitii interogative si negativeIn propozitiile afirmative se inlocuieste cu a lotIs there much work to be done? - E multa munca de facut? He doesn't know much. - El nu stie prea multdarI have a lot of work to do. - Am multa munca de facut.

151. Many - se foloseste cu multimi numarabileSe foloseste in propozitii interogative si negative In propozitiile afirmative se poate inlocui cu a lot of dar se foloseste si many of sau many, dupa contextAre there many coins in the drawer? - Sunt multi banuti in sertar?There are not many lion tamers in the world - Nu sunt multi imblanzitori de lei in lume

There are a lot of coins in the drawer - Sunt multi banuti in sertar.

152. ObservatiePentru much se foloseste verbul la singularPentru many se foloseste verbul la pluralThere isn't much water left - Nu mai e multa apa ramasaThere aren't many wolves left - Nu mai sunt multi lupi

153. In propozitii afirmative pe langa a lot of se foloseste many ofMany of my friends are abroad - Multi din prietenii mei sunt in strainatateMany of my friends are not abroad - Multi din prietenii mei nu sunt in strainatateAre many of your friends abroad? - Sunt multi din prietenii tai sunt in strainatate?

154. so much - atata So much work needs to be done - Atata munca mai e de facut

155. so many - atatia, atateaSo many people nowadays are tired - Atatia oameni in ziua de azi sunt obositi

156. much more - mult mai multMuch more time is needed - Mult mai mult timp e necesar

157. many more - mult mai multi Nowadays, many more people go to college - In ziua de azi, mult mai multi oameni merg la facultate

158. so much...that: atat, atata...incatSo much time has passed that he may not remember you - Atata timp a trecut incat s-ar putea sa nu-si aminteasca de tine

159. so many...that - atati, atatia...incatSo many leaves have fallen that the ground is a carpet of leaves. - Atatea frunze au cazut incat pamantul e un covor de frunze

160. In raspunsuri, afirmatii legate de sentimente se foloseste very muchI like it very much - Imi place foarte multThank you, very much - Multumesc foarte mult.

4.PRONUMELE

161. I - EuI se scrie totdeauna cu litera mare, indiferent de locul din propozitie..Eu mananc - I eatThat is where I went - Acolo e locul unde am fost

162. You - Tu, VoiSi tu si voi in englezeste se zic la fel.Cateodata se intelege din context daca e tu sau voi, cateodata nu.De aceea se foloseste de multe oriall of you - voi totisauyou both - voi amandoiyou two - voi doiyou...together - voi...impreuna

You are farmers - Voi sunteti fermieri, nu poate un om sa fie mai multi fermieriYou are a farmer - Tu esti fermier (deasemeni singura posibilitate)You have a dog - poate sa fie si Tu ai un caine si Voi aveti un caine.You two have a dog - Voi doi aveti un caine.

163. He - El He is my brother - El e fratele meu

164. She - EaShe is my sister - Ea este sora mea

165. ItIt se foloseste pentru obiecte, deoarece engleza nu are gen si atunci toate obiectele sau chiar fiintele care nu conteaza ca gen sunt numite it. Deasemeni propozitiile care in romaneste nu au subiect prin natura lor, in englezeste folosesc it I see a fly. It is on the window. - Vad o musca. E pe geamThat table needs fixing. - It has a broken leg. - Masa aceea are nevoie sa fie reparata. Are un picior ruptIt looks like rain - Pare ca o sa ploua.It must be hard - Trebuie sa fie greuIt's a long way to Tiperarry - E lung drumul la Tiperarry

166. We - NoiWe are twins - Noi suntem gemeni.

167. They - Ei, Ele si plural pentru itThey are waiters - Ei sunt chelneriThey are waitresses - Ele sunt chelneriteThese are the dishes. They need to be washed - Acestea sunt vasele. Trebuiesc spalate

168. mine - al meuyours - al tauhis - al lui hers - al ei ours - al nostruyours - al vostrutheir - al lor The pencil is mine - Creionul e al meuThe pen is yours - Pixul e al tauThe notebook is his - Caietul e al meuThe eraser is hers - Guma e al tauThe pencil sharpener is ours - Ascutitoarea e a noastraThe papers are yours - Hartiile sunt ale voastre/ale taleThe ruler is theirs - Linia e a lor

169. it nu are pronume posesiv.Are insa forma de adjectiv posesiv.

The table is red.- Masa este rosieThe red color is ? (nu exista pronume posesiv dar folosim genitivul lui table:

Culoarea rosie e a mesei - The red color is the table 'ssauIts color is red - Culoarea ei e rosie

170. ma spal e verb reflexivEu ma spal pe mine.Ma si pe mine sunt pronume reflexive.Nu orice verb reflexiv in romaneste e reflexiv si in engleza.In engleza sunt mai putine verbe reflexive ca in romaneste. De multe ori un verb poate fi reflexiv intr-un context si nereflexiv altul.Eu spal o cana - nu e reflexivEu ma spal pe mine - reflexiv

171. to wash oneself - a se spala pe sineIn engleza insa pronumele reflexiv nu se foloseste cand se subintelege ca actiunea are caracter reflexivIata o lista de verbe care pot fi reflexive in engleza.to behave onself - a se purta bine in public (zis mai mult despre copii sau animale de companie)to convince oneself - a se autoconvingeto cry oneself to sleep - a plange in pat pana adormi.to deny oneself - a-si refuxato encourage oneself - a se autoincurajato enjoy oneself - a se distrato hurt oneself - a-si face rau singurto kill oneself - a se sinucideto market oneself - a-si face reclama

172. Reflexivul in engleza se formeaza din adjectivul posesiv la care se adauga terminatiaself - la sngularselves - la pluralI enjoyed myself at the party - M-am simtit bine la petrecere.You blame yourself too much - Te invinovatesti prea mult.He hurt himself in the garage - S-a ranit in garaj.She baked herself a cake - Si-a copt o prajitura.We tell ourselves lies everyday - Ne spunem minciuni in fiecare zi.You made yourselves very clear in the speech. - Ati fost foarte clari in discurs.They built the house themselves - Si-au construit singuri casa.

173. Pronumele reflexive au si intelesul de singur sau sunt folosite si ca intarire.

by myself - singur, singura.I like to live by myself - Imi place sa locuiesc singurI wrote the paper by myself - Am scris lucrarea singur.I wrote this paper myself - Chiar eu am scris lucrarea asta.

174. Pronumele reflexive se pot traduce si cu insumi, insuti, etc. I went there myself - Eu insuni m-am dus acolo

175. with me -> cu mine In romaneste atunci cand nu pronumele personal face actiunea (adica nu e subiect)se zice de exemplu:

M-am dus cu el.. dar si M-am dus cu tine.

Prepozitiile de mai jos au numai rolul de a nu pierde din vedere contextul folosirii acestor pronume. (with) me - (cu) mine(with) you - (cu) tine(with) him - (cu) el(with) her - (cu) ea(with) us - (cu) noi(with) you - (cu) voi (with) them - (cu) ei, ele

176. Sunt multe prepozitii pentru care acest pronume devine obligatoriu.Emily went with me - Emily s-a dus cu mineEmily talked about you - Emily a vorbit despre tineEmily worked without him - Emily a lucrat fara el Emily took it from herher - Emily l-a luat de la eaEmily lives above us - Emily locuieste deasupra noastraEmily wrote a poem for you - Emily a scris o poezie pentru voiEmily thought about them - Emily s-a gandit la ei

177. Pe mine, pe tine se traduc me, you fara prepozitieL-am vazut pe el.- I saw himIn romaneste se adauga inca un pronume, acest l-, care in engleza nu exista.Iar pronumele al doilea deobicei lipseste.I love you! - Te iubesc!Subiectul I e obligatoriu, pe nu se traduce te cade si se traduce Eu iubesc pe tine.Peter asked me - Peter m-a intrebatPeter noticed you - Peter te-a observatPeter killed him - Peter l-a omoratPeter saw her - Peter a vazut-oPeter fed us - Peter ne-a hranitPeter called you - Peter v-a chematPeter rang them - Peter i-a sunat.

178. Give me! - Da-mi!Si in acest caz (cazul dativ) se foloseste aceasta forma a pronumelui personalDativul totdeauna raspunde la intrbarea CUI? He told me about it. - Mi-a spus (despre asta)He gave you a present - Ti-a dat un cadouThe child showed him the drwaing! - Copilul i-a aratat desenulHe wrote her a letter - I-a scris o scrisoare,

He read us a story - Ne-a citit o povesteHe built you a tree house - V-a vontruit o casa in copacHe made them an offer - Le-a facut o oferta

179. Vai de mine!Exista unele interjectii care folosesc pronume sau adjective care se traduc cu vai de mineDear me!Gracious me!Goodness meOh my god!Oh my stars!Oh my!

180. WHO - CINEWho este cine fara prepozitie. Whom este cu prepozitie: pe cine, cu cine, la cineCand nu e interogatie Who poate fi tradus si cu CARE sau PE CARE (whom)Cand se refera mai degraba la oricine, cine se traduce cu whoever. Who me? - Cine eu?Who do you think you are? - Cine te crezi?Who will answer? - Cine va raspunde?She is the girl who answered. - Ea este fata care a raspuns.That is the man whom I saw - Acela e omul pe care l-am vazut

181. WHOEVER - ORICINECand cine are intelesul de oricine se foloseste whoever.Anybody sau anyone au deasemeni intelesul de oricine. Cand oricine poate fi inlocuit de cine atunci se foloseste whoever.Altfel se foloseste anybody, anyoneWhoever buys you earrings again - Cine ti-o mai lua cerceiAnybody can come to the party - Oricine are voie sa vina la petrecereWhoever comes to the party, may win a prize - Cine vine la petrecere poate castiga un premiu

182. anyone who - whoeverPutem insa inlocui whoever cu anyone who sau anybody who.This number is for anyone who calls - Acest numar e pentru cine sunaThis number is for whoever calls

183. WHOM - CU CINE, LA CINE, etcCand cine e insotit de prepozitie se traduce whom in loc de whoInsa astazi aceasta regula e adeseori incalcata, si forma folosita e tot who.For whom the bells toll - Pentru cine bat clopotele.Look who is talking to whom - Uite cine vorbeste cu cineWith whom are you going? - Cu cine mergi?dar veti auzi mai degraba:With who are you going?sau si mai desWho are you going with?

184. to whom, to whoever - cui

to whom - la cine, catre cine - deobicei se traduce prin cuiTo whom are you writing? - Cui ii scrii?darTo whom are you going" - La cine te duci?Give the old coat to whoever wants it - Da haina veche oricui o vrea,

Primele doua intrebari se zic mai degraba:

Who are you writing to? - Cui ii scrii?darWhom are you going to" - La cine te duci?

185. To whom it may concern - Cui ii poate fi de interes Propozitie consacrata folosita de firme pe scrisori trimise catre mai multi destinatari necunoscutiPoate fi si pe o scrisoare lasata de un sinucigas, in sensul de nimanui nu-i pasa dar daca e cineva totusi, caruia ii pasa de mine, sa citeasca asta.

186. who inseamna si caruia, careia, caroraTell someone who cares - Spune cuiva caruia ii pasa (nu mie)

187. WHO, WHICH si THAT inseamna CAREContextele in care se foloseste fiecare insa difera putin. Who se foloseste in cazul oamenilorThat si which in cazul fiintelor, obiectelor si conceptelor.The boy who runs fast - Baiatul care alearga repedeThe train that is fast - Trenul care e rapidThe fast train which we saw yesterday - Trenul rapid pe care l-am vazut ieri

188. That introduce informatii obligatorii, which neobligatoriiThey are on the team that won first place - Ei sunt in echipa care a luat locul intai(identifica echipa).The present, which I bought her, is very big. - Cadoul pe care i l-am luat e foarte mare. (Se presupune ca nu ai cumparat si alte cadouri)That se foloseste la animale si chiar si la oameni.The big shaggy dog that I love - Cainele mare si latos pe care il iubesc.The man that conquered Mount Everest - Omul care a cucerit Everestul

189. Daca propozitia principala incepe cu this, that, these, those se poate folosi which in loc de that. That car - Masina aceea, masina a fost identificata, deci acum putem folosi which. That car which is in the park is Mary's. - Masina aceea care este in parcare este a Mariei.

190. one another - unul pe altulunul cu altul, unul pe celalalt, unul celuilalt, unii pe altiiThey help one another a lot - Se ajuta mult unul pe altulThey talk to one another - Vorbesc unul cu altul

They often see one another - Deseori se viziteaza (se intalnesc, se vad) unul pe celalalt.Let us help one another - Sa ne ajutam unii pe altii.

191. each other inseamna one anotherAmandoua au acelasi inteles totusi cand este vorba de doua persoane each other poate fi preferat They listened to each other speak - S-au asultat unul pe altul vorbindThey always had respect for each other - Totdeauna s-au respectat unul pe celalaltThey always had respect for one another

5.NUMERALUL

192. 1 - 10

One - 1Two - 2Three - 3Four - 4Five - 5Six - 6Seven - 7Eight - 8Nine - 9Ten - 10A week has seven days - O saptamana are sapte zileI will be there in ten minutes - Ajung in 10 minute

193. 11 - 20

Eleven - 11Twelve - 12Thirteen - 13Fourteen - 14Fifteen - 15Sixteen - 16Seventeen - 17Eighteen - 18Nineteen - 19Twenty -20A teenager is somebody between thirteen and nineteen (years of age) - Un adolescent e cineva intre 13 si 19 ani.There are twelve months in a year - Sunt 12 luni intr-un an.

194. 20 - 100Twenty - 20Thirty - 30Forty - 40Fifty - 50

Sixty - 60Seventy - 70Eighty - 80Ninety - 90There are sixty minutes in an hour - Sunt 60 de minute intr+o ora

195. 21Twenty-one - Douazeci si unuIn engleza moderna nu se zice si la nici un numar pana la 99 inclusiv.In engleza arhaica puteti auzi one and twenty etcFour and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie - 24 de mierle coapte in placintaTwenty-one is the legal age for drinking in the US. - 21 de ani e varsta legala pentru baut alcool in SUA.There are twenty-four hours in a day. - Sunt 24 de ore pe ziThere are seven days in a week - Sunt sapte zile intr-o saptamanaThere are fifty-two weeks in a year - Sunt 52 de saptamani intr-un an.There are a hundred years in a century - Sunt 100 de ani intr-un secol.

196. 101 - 110one hundred and one - 101sauone hundred one - 101la fel orice numar intre un multiplu de 100 si mutiplul plus 10. Exemplu:406 - four hundred and sixsaufour hundred six.356 - three hundred fifty six One hundred and one dalmations - O suta unu dalmatieniStefan cel Mare died five hundred eight years ago, in 1504. - Stefan cel Mare a murit acum 508 ani in 1504.This year has three hundred fifty seven days - Anul acesta are 356 zile.

197. a thousand - o mieten thousand - 10.000a hundred thousand - o suta de miia million - 1.000.000a billion - un miliardA thousand and one nights - O mie si una de noptiThat village has a population of two thousand three hundred seventeen people - Acel sat are o populatie de 2317 locuitori

198. Alta citire pentru miise zice mai mult:2510 - twenty five hundred and tensi nu2510 - two thousand five hundred and ten.Columbus sailed the ocean blueIn fourteen hundred ninety two.

Columb a navigat peste intinderea oceanuluiIn 1492

199. 2012Mai ales la ani, se zice mai simplu2012 - twenty twelve1945 - nineteen forty-fiveBineinteles ca si in engleza anii se scriu cu cifre, aici de fapt va arat cum se citesc acesti ani.In eighteen seventy-seven Romania won its independence - In 1877 Romania si-a castigat independentaIn nineteen fourty-four the war ended in Europe - In 1944 s-a terminat razboiul in Europa.

200. Pentru a zice de ordinul sutelor, miilorSe zice:In the hundreds, in the thousands.People came in the thousands to the concert - Oamenii au venit cu miile la concert

201. 1,64 = 1.64 De remarcat ca in engleza acolo unde noi punem ',' pentru zecimale, ei pun punct si unde noi punem '.' la mii ei pun virgula 1, 64 in romaneste = 1.64 in englezeste5.279 in romaneste = 5,279 in englezeste5.237.754 -> 5,237,754

202. The 20's - Anii 20The twenties - anii 20.The 40s were hard on everybody - Anii 40 au fost grei pentru toata lumea.

203. in his thirtiesAm douazeci si ceva de ani - I'm in my twentiesShe is in her nineties but she still jogs - Ea are 90 si ceva de ani dar inca face jogging

204. 1-10first - primasecond - a douathird - a treiafourth - a patrafifth - a ciceasixth - a saseaseventh - a sapteaeigth - a optaninth - a noua tenth - a zeceaHe came in first! - A terminat primul!He finished the race in fourth place - A terminat cursa pe locul al patrulea.

205. 11 - 20 si pesteSe adauga th

eleventh - al 11-leatwelfth - al 12-leathirteeth - al 13-leafourteenth - al 14-leafifteenth - al 15-leasixteenth - al 16-leaseventeenth - al 17-leaeighteenth - al 18-leanineteetn - al 19-leaCu regula ca la nzmeralele terminate in y adeste se transforma in isixty - sixtiethAcestea se scriu prescurtat: 11th, 12th, 354th etcEminescu lived in the nineteenth century - Eminescu a trait in secolul 19.What country is number forty-eighth globally in oil production? Romania. - Ce tara e pe locul 48 in lume la productia de petrol?Romania

206. Two thirds - Doua treimiFractiile in engleza se exprima cu numerale cardinale si ordinaleNumaratorul e numeral cardinalNumitorul e ordinalHalf - jumatateA quarter - Un sfertIn engleza americana 0,3 se citeste O point three.Zero se citeste in engleza ca zero sau O (litera o)I ate one third of the pie - Am mancat o treime din placintaTwo fifths of the project is done - 2/5 din proiect este terminat

207. A tenth - A zecea parteA hundredth - A suta parteSe foloseste un numeral ordinal dar cu articolul nehotarat aA milimeter is a thousandth of a meter and a tenth of a centimter - Un milimetru e a mia parte dintr-un metru si a zecea parte dintr-un centimetru

208. What day is today - Ce zi e azi?In engleza americana luna se scrie inaintea zilei.Azi e 13 octombrieToday is the 13th of October (engleza britanica)Todaz is October 13th (engleza americana)Todaz is October 13 (engleza americana)

The New York City terrorist attacks took place on September 11, 2001.They are also called the 9/11 (nine eleven) attacksAtacurile teroriste din New York au avut loc pe 11 Septembrie.Ele sunt deasemeni numite atacurile 11 9.

209. What time is it? - Cat e ceasul?It is noon - E 12 ziuaIt is midnight - E 12 noaptea10 sau It is 10 o'clock sau It is 10 - E ora zeceIt is half past ten. - E zece jumatate

It is a quarter past ten - E zece si un sfertIt is a quarter to ten - E zece fara un sfert

210. How old are you? - Cati ani ai?Am 24 de ani24 I am 24sau I am 24 years old

6.VERBUL

211. Infinitivele verbelor se formeaza cu particula to, exemple:To eat - a mancaTo sleep a dormiTo think a gandiTo read - a citiTo talk - a vorbiTo drink - a bea

212. Exceptii can, may, must, shall, will, ought to care nu primesc particula toEle se numesc verbe modale.si sunt o categorie aparte de verbe

213. De asemenea verbele se impart in regulate si neregulate.Verbele neregulate isi schimba radacina la anumite timpuri, si ele trebuie invatate in trei variante.Prima este verbul la infinitiv, apoi radacina pt past tense si apoi radacina pt toate timpurile numite perfecte.Exemplu:to be - was - been

214. Verbe auxiliareTo be - a fiTo have - a aveaTo do - a faceAceste verbe pe langa sensurile de mai sus construiesc timpuri compuse (asa cum a avea in romana formeaza de exemplu am alergat care nu inseamna ca: eu posed un alergat, cum ai zice am mere, adica am isi pierde sensul cunoscut)

215. To be - a fiI am - Eu suntYou are - Tu estiHe is - El esteShe is - Ea esteWe are - Noi suntemYou are - Voi suntetiThey are - Ei sunt

216. To have - a avea I have - Eu amYou have - Tu aiHe has - El areShe has - Ea areWe have - Noi avemYou have - Voi avetiThey have - Ei au

217. To do - a faceI do - Eu facYou do - Tu faciHe do - El faceShe do - Ea faceWe do - Noi facemYou do - Voi facetiThey do - Ei fac

218. Verbele nu au in engleza timpuri corespunzatoare celor din limba romana.In engleza trebuie precizat daca o actiune e in desfasurare la un anumit moment prezent trecut, viitor sau daca exista fara sa fie in desfasurare. De exemplu daca cineva iti spune: Lucrez la un proiect.Ce inseamna? Ca lucreaza in fiecare zi un timp la acel proiect?Ca lucreaza acum dar a facut o pauza, poate l-ai intrerupt tu?

219. I work - Eu lucrez.I work on a project - Lucrez la un proiect.Poate fi un raspuns la intrebarea Cu ce te ocupi? I work on a project, everyday - Lucrez la un proiect zi de ziPoate fi o afirmatie.Acest timp se numeste Present Tense.

220. I am working

Daca actiunea a inceput si e in desfasurare fara sa fie insa ceva intrat in rutina, adica va avea un final se zice I am working Acest timp se numeste Present Continuous Dupa cum vom vedea nu orice verb accepta acest timp

221. Insa si acest mod de exprimare lasa loc pentru confuzie I am working on a project inseamna fie ca lucrez la un proiect in clipa asta, fie ca am un proiect mare la care lucrez de mai mult timp, dar care nu e munca mea obisnuita.De aceea daca acum lucrezi, e bine sa se precizeze I am worknig on a project (right) now - ...chiar acum. Desi chiar si aceasta exprimare lasa loc pentru neintelegeri.

222. To talk - a vorbiPresent tense este: I talk - Eu vorbescYou talk - Tu vorbestiHe talks - El votbste

She talks - Ea vorbesteWe talk - Noi vorbimYou talk - Voi vorbitiThey talk - Ei vorbesc

223. Modul de formare al lui Present Tensept toate verbele cu exceptia celor auxiliare este urmatorulSe ia forma verbului la infinitiv care se pune la toate persoanele.La persoana a tria sigular se adauga sTo walk - a merge pe josI walk to school and he walks too - Eu merg pe jos la scoala si el merge tot pe jos

224. To eat - a manca Present continuous e urmatorulI am eatingYou are eatingHe is eatingShe is eatingWe are eatingYou are eatingThey are eating

225. Modul de formare al lui Present Continuous pentru toate verbele care primesc acest timp.

Se foloseste prezentul verbul auxiliar to be si se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt (fara to) a verbului de conjugat la care se adauga terminatia ing. Shhh, people are reading in here! - Shhh, citesc oameni aici!He is talking on the phone - El vorbeste la telefon

226. I am - I'mVerbul to be la prezent se foloseste foarte mult (inclusiv ca auxiliar) intr'o forma contractata

I am - I'mYou are - You'reHe is - He'sWe are - We-reYou are - You'reThey are - They're I'm a lion tamer - Sunt imblanzitor de leiI'm Romanian - Sunt roman(ca)dar siI'm playing the piano - Cant la pianThey're singing my favorite song - Ei canta cantecul meu favorit

227. Verbele care nu au forma continua se numesc verbe statice.Ele sunt verbe care nu sunt verbe de actiune.De exemplu: to be,to belong, to love, to hate, to like, to know, to understand.

De exemplu nu se poate zice ca inteleg ceva acum dar stiu ca peste un timp n-am sa mai inteleg acel lucru.

228. Sunt si verbe care in mod normal nu admit forma continuadar in anumite cazuri admit. to see - a vedea I see an elephant si nu I am seeing an elephant.dar se spuneI am seeing somebody - Ma vad cu cinevaI am seeing a doctor - Ma duc la un tratament mai lung la doctor

229. To have - a aveaca verb posesiv nu admite forma continuaI am having a car nu e corectdarI am having lunch este.

230. To hear - a auzito imagine - a-si imaginanu au forma continua.I hear a bell. - Aud un clopotdarYou're hearing things sauYou're imagining things.Inseamna ca auzi sau iti imaginezi lucruri care nu sunt adevarate

231. to think - a gandi, a crede (mai rar)To think cu sensul de a gandi are forma continua.Dar in sensul de a crede nu areI am thinking about you. - Ma gandesc la tineI think you are wrong. - Cred ca nu ai dreptate.

232. Vorbitorii nativi de limba engleza cateodata fac jocuri de cuvinte in care regulile gramaticale pot fi incalcate.Aceste abateri insa nu pot fi create decat de nativi, ceilalti oameni trebuie sa respecte regulile de gramatica, daca vor sa fie siguri ca nu gresesc sau ca ceilalti nu le vad inventiile lingvistice doar ca pe niste greseli.Un exemplu Verbul to love nu accepta present continuous (dar reclama lui McDonalds: I'm loving it ar dovedi contrariul)Reclama vrea sa zica probabil ca I am loving it chiar acum,in fiecare minut al vietii mele (de preferinta cu un hamburger in mana)

233. Present Tense se foloseste:1. Atunci cand actiunea e in derulare pe termen nelimitat (chiar daca pe termen nelimitat ea nu se intampla niciodata vezi mai jos) I sometimes, talk to my cousin on the phone - Cateodata vorbesc cu varul meu (verisoara mea) la telefon I see my sister everyday - O vad oe sora mea zilnicI only see my cousin on weekends - Il vad pe varul meu numai in weekendI never see my uncle - Nu-l vad niciodata pe unciul meu

234. Present Tense se foloseste:2. Atunci cand ni se prezinta un adevar absolutThe sun heats the earth - Soarele incalzeste pamantulWe breathe oxygen - Noi respiram oxigenAt night, dogs bark at the moon - Noaptea cainii latra la luna

235. Present Tense se foloseste:3. Ca viitorThe train arrives at nine - Trenul soseste la 9I leave in an hour - Plec intr-o ora

236. Present Tense se foloseste:4. Dupa: after (dupa), before (inainte), when (cand), as soon as (deindata ce), while (in timp ce) daca reprezinta o actiune viitoareAceata regula e valabila si cu Timpul Prezent din romanesteWhen I grow up, I'll be rich and famous. - Cand ma fac mare voi fi bogat si celebru.I will tell her as soon as I see her. - Am sa-i spun deindata ce o vad

237. Present Continuous se foloseste:1.Cand reprezinta o actiune care se desfasoara in prezent si care are o perioada limitata de desfasurare.I am reading Gone with the wind - Citesc Pe aripile vantuluiThey are watching TV. - Ei se uita la televizor

238. Present Continuous se foloseste:2.Verbul descrie o actiune generala dar simultana cu alta actiune:I always get to the bus station when the bus is leaving. - Totdeauna ajung in statie cand pleaca autobuzul

239. Past Tense al verbului to talk - a vorbi e: I talked - Eu am vorbitYou talked - Tu ai vorbitHe talked - El a vorbitShe talked - Ea a vorbitWe talked - Noi am vorbitYou talked - Voi ati vorbitThey talked - Ei, Ele au vorbit

240. Modul de formare al lui Past TensePentru toate verbele regulate este prin adaugarea terminatiei ed infinitivului scurt (fara to) al verbului.I watched the storm approach - Am privit furtuna apropiindu-seThey danced all night - Ei au dansat toata noaptea

241. Past Tense pentru verbele neregulate se formeaza in modul urmator:Se ia din lista a doua forma a verbului si se foloseste la toate peroanele:De exemplu pentru to eat - a manca forma a doua e ate.

I ate - Eu am mancatYou ate - Tu ai mancatHe ate - El a mancatShe ate - Ea a mancatWe ate - Noi am mancatYou ate - Voi ati mancatThey ate - Ei, Ele au mancat

242. Verbul to be - a fi are forma la Past Tense wasTotusi acest verb este singurul care nu respecta regula.Conjugarea o vedeti mai jos.I was - Eu am fostYou were - Tu ai fostHe was - El a fostShe was - Ea a fostWe were - Noi am fostYou were - Voi ati fostThey were - Ei, Ele au fost

243. Verbul to have - a avea are forma la Past Tense had:I had - Eu am avutYou had - Tu ai avutHe had - El a avutShe had - Ea a avutWe had - Noi am avutYou had - Voi ati avutThey had - Ei, Ele au avut

244. Verbul to do - a face are forma la Past Tense did:I did - Eu am facutYou did - Tu ai facutHe did - El a facutShe did - Ea a facutWe did - Noi am facutYou did - Voi ati facutThey did - Ei, Ele au facut

245. Past Tense reprezinta o actiune care s-a desfasurat in trecut si s-a terminat.I rang the doorbell until he answered. Am sunat - Am sunat, pana cand el mi-a deschis.Am sunat dar nu mai sun, el a raspuns si mi-a deschis.I walked a lot yesterday - Ieri am mers mult pe jos.

246. Past TenseE timpul folosit in povestiriApelati la el daca actiunea e la trecut si aveti indoieli ce timp sa folositi. Jack and Jill went up the hillTo fetch a pail of waterJack fell dwn and broke his crownAnd Jill came tumbling after

Jack si cu Jill au urcat pe dealSa aduca o galeata de apaJack a cazut si si-a spart capulIar Jill a venit rostogolindu-se in urma lui

247. Present Perfect al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:I have talked - Eu am vorbitYou have talked - Tu ai vorbitHe has talked - El a vorbitShe has talked - Ea a vorbitWe have talked - Noi am vorbitYou have talked - Voi ati vorbitThey have talked - Ei, Ele au vorbit

248. Modul de formare al lui Present Perfect pentru toate verbele regulate.Se foloseste prezentul verbului auxiliar to havesi se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt (fara to) a verbului de conjugat la care se adauga terminatia ed.I have finished the paper for my History class - Am terminat lucrarea. You have won the race

249. Verbul to have a avea e de multe ori deasemeni contractat ca si verbul to be.Spre deosebire de acest verb insa care poate fi contractat si ca verb de sine statator, to have se contracta aproape numai in cazurile cand e verb auxiliarI have a dog - Am un caine, nu se contracta.I have - I'veYou have - You'veHe has - He'sWe have - We'veYou have - You'veThey have - They've

250. Present Perfect pentru verbele neregulate se formeaza in modul urmator:Se ia din lista a treia forma a verbului si se foloseste la toate peroanele:De exemplu pentru to eat - a manca forma a treia e eaten. I've eaten - Eu am mancatYou've eaten - Tu ai mancatHe's eaten - El a mancatShe's eaten - Ea a mancatWe've eaten - Noi am mancatYou've eaten - Voi ati mancatThey've eaten - Ei, Ele au mancat

251. Present Perfect se foloseste:1. Cand exprimam o actiune inceputa anterior momentului prezent si care are consecinte in prezent.Aceste consecinte nu sunt neaparat exprimateDe exemplu: Am mancat (deci nu mi-e foame). No, thank you, I have eaten - Nu multumesc am mancat

252. Present Perfect se foloseste:2.Daca actiunea din trecut e inca in desfasurare sau daca efectul ei se vede in prezent.I have painted the house blue - Am vopsit casa in albastruI have graduated from university last year - Am absolvit facultatea anul trecut.

253. Present Perfect se foloseste:2.Daca verbul e insotit de un adverb often (mereu), sometimes (cateodata), never (niciodata) etc.In aceste cazuri adverbul se pune de regula intre I have never been to Oslo - Nu am fost niciodata la Oslo - She has always helped me when I asked her - Totdeauna ea m-a ajutat cand am rugat-o

254. Si pentru Present Perfect exista multe exceptii: 1. Americanii folosesc mult Past Tense in locul lui Present Perfec2. In mod frecvent adverbul nu va fi intre auxiliar si verb.1. I never saw a purple cowI never hope to see oneBut I can tell you anyhowI'd rather see than be one

Nu am vazut niciodata o vaca movSper nici sa nu vad vreodataDar pot sa va spun cu sigurantaCa prefer sa vad decat sa fiuiar constructia: Never have I seen you looking so lovely - Nciciodata nu te-am vazut aratand mai incantatoare.- apare de exemplu in cantecul Lady in Red.Observati ca in acest caz se inverseaza I cu have.

255. Past Continuous al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:I was talking - Eu vorbeamYou were talking - Tu vorbeaiHe was talking - El vorbeaShe was talking - Ea vorbeaWe were talking - Noi vorbeamYou were talking - Voi vorbeatiThey were talking - Ei, Ele vorbeau

256. Modul de formare al lui Past Continuous Pentru toate verbele si regulate si neregulate timpul se formeaza prin conjugarea la past tense a verbului auxiliar to be si adaugarea terminatiei ing infinitivului scurt (fara to) al verbului.I was writing him a letter hen he knocked on my door - Ii scriam o scrisoare cand mi-a batut la usaHe was sleeping when the earthquake started - El dormea cand a inceput cutremurul

257. Past Continuous se refera la:Un eveniment in derulare la un moment in trecut care se petrece simultan cu un alt eveniment.

De multe ori acest timp e echivalent cu imperfectul din limba romana(mancam) - Atunci cand verbul exprima o actiune in trecut care a fost intrerupta de altceva.I was eating when the lights went off -Mancam cand s-a intrerupt lumina.

258. Past Perfect al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:I had talked - Eu vorbisemYou had talked - Tu vorbisesiHe had talked - El vorbiseShe had talked - Ea vorbiseramWe had talked - Noi vorbiseratiYou had talked - Voi vorbeatiThey had talked - Ei, Ele vorbisera

259. Modul de formare al lui Past PerfectSe foloseste Past Tense verbului auxiliar to have si se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt (fara to) a verbului de conjugat la care se adauga terminatia ed.I had heard of him even as a child - Auzisem de el chiar si ca copil

260. Past Perfect pentru verbele neregulate se formeaza in modul urmatorSe ia din lista a treia forma a verbului si se foloseste la toate peroanele.I had eaten - Eu mancasemYou had eaten - Tu mancasesiHe had eaten - El mancaseShe had eaten - Ea mancaseWe had eaten - Noi mancaseramYou had eaten - Voi mancaseratiThey had eaten - Ei, Ele nancasera

261. La Past Perfect verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa, anterioara unui moment trecut sau anterioara unei actiuni trecute.I had learned to play the piano before I started violin lessons. - Invatasem sa cant la pian inainte sa incep lectiile de vioara.

262. De multe ori Past Perfect e echivalent cu mai mult ca perfectul din limba romana (invatasem).Anume atunci cand verbul este o actiune ce s-a terminat in trecut fata de momentul/actiunea tot trecuta la care se raporteaza. I had eaten the desert that is why I did not want the soup - Eu mancasem desertul de aceea nu am mai vrut supa.

263. Future Tense (Viitorul) verbului to talk - a vorbi este:I will talk - Eu voi vorbiYou will talk - Tu vei vorbiHe will talk - El va vorbiShe will talk - Ea va vorbiWe will talk - Noi vom vorbiYou will talk - Voi veti vorbiThey will talk - Ei, Ele vor vorbi

264. Modul de formare al lui Future TenseSe foloseste forma will provenita de la verbul auxiliar to br si se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt (fara to) a verbului de conjugat. I will tell the truth, he said. - Voi spune adevarul, a spus elToday, I will go by bus. - Astazi, ma duc cu autobuzulThe party will be great! - Petrecerea va fi grozava!

265. Future Tense reprezinta o actiune viitoare nelimitata in timp. I will be an engineer. - Voi fi inginer I will have a big house - Voi avea o casa mareI will do what I promised - Voi face ce am promis

266. Pe langa auxiliarul de departe cel mai folosit de la to be, anume willExista si shall care atunci cand e folosit deobicei implica o promisiune a infaptuirii actiunii respective, in engleza americana se foloseste foarte rar.I shall keep my promise, I shall learn to ride a bike. - Imi voi tine promisiunea, voi invata sa merg pe bicicleta

267. O alta forma a timpului viitor in engleza americana se formeaza cu am going to. I am going to eat - I will eatYou are going to eatHe is going to eatShe is going to eatWe are going to eatYo are going to eatThey are going to eat

268. Future Continuousal verbului to talk - a vorbi e: I will be talkingYou will be talkingHe will be talkingShe will be talkingWe will be talkingYou will be talkingThey will be talking

269. Modul de formare al lui Future Continuouspentru toate verbele regulate si neregulate este de folosire a lui will be urmat de infinitivul scurt al verbului la care se adauga terminatia ing She'll be coming round the mountain when she comes - Ea va veni in jurul muntelui atunci cand va veni.

270. Future Continuousse foloseste atunci cand verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat in viitor Tonight, at 10, I will be grading papers. - Diseara, la 10, eu voi corecta lucrari

271. Future Perfect al verbului to talk - a vorbi e: I will have talked - Eu voi fi vorbitYou will have talked - Tu vei fi vorbitHe will have talked - El va fi vorbit

She will have talked - Ea va fi vorbitWe will have talked - Noi vom fi vorbitYou will have talked - Voi veti fi vorbitThey will have talked - Ei, Ele vor fi vorbit

272. Modul de formare al lui Future PerfectSe foloseste will have si se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt a verbului de conjugat la care se adauga terminatia ed. They will have gathered the harvest by the time autumn comes - Ei vor fi strans recolta pana la venirea toamnei.

273. Future Perfect pentru verbele neregulateSe formeaza in modul urmator Se ia din lista a treia forma a verbului si se foloseste la toate peroanele in locul infinitivului scurt.eat - ate - eaten unde eat = a mancaI wil have eaten - Eu voi fi mancatYou wil have eaten - Tu vei fi mancatHe wil have eaten - El va fi mancatShe wil have eaten - Ea va fi mancatWe wil have eaten - Noi vom fi mancatYou wil have eaten - Voi veti fi mancatThey wil have eaten - Ei, Ele vor fi mancat

274. Future Perfect exprima o actiune din viitor care se va petrece inaintea altei actiuni din viitor.Este echivalentul lui voi fi facut, din romaneste.By the time the mustard comes, the kids will have eaten the stake. - Pana vine mustarul copiii vor fi mancat friptura

275. Present Perfect Continuous al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:I have been talkingYou have been talkingHe has been talkingShe has been talkingWe have been talkingYou have been talkingThey have been talking

276. Modul de formare al lui Present Perfect Continuous pentru toate verbele regulate:si neregulate:Se foloseste verbul auxiliar to have care se conjuga la present la fiecare persoana.Se adauga la toate persoanele been care este forma a treia a verbului auxiliar to beSe adauga infinitivul scurt al verbului folosit la care se adauga terminatia ingI have been waiting by the phone since 10 a.m - Am asteptat langa telefon de la 10 dimineata.

277. Prezentul Perfect Continuu se foloseste atunci cand verbul reprezinta o actiune care s-a desfasurat pana acum, si va continua probabil si in viitorI've been working on the railroad all live long day - Am muncit la calea ferata cat e ziua de lunga

278. Trecutul Perfect Continuu al verbului to talk - a vorbi este:I had been talkingYou had been talkingHe had been talkingShe had been talkingWe had been talkingYou had been talkingThey had been talking

279. Modul de formare al lui Past Perfect Continuous pentru toate verbele regulate:si neregulate:Se foloseste verbul auxiliar to have care se conjuga la Past Tense la fiecare persoana.Se adauga la toate persoanele been care este forma a treia a verbului auxiliar to beSe adauga infinitivul scurt al verbului folosit la care se adauga terminatia ingI had been washing my car when it started raining - Imi spalam masina cand a inceput ploaia

280. Past Perfect Continuous reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment dat trecut cand a fost oprita de o alta actiune a carui urmari continua si azi. He had been eating from the chocolate, before you told him it contained peanuts - Manca din ciocolata inainte sa-i spui ca ea contine alune americane.

281. Future Perfect Continuous al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:I will have been talking - Eu voi fi vorbitYou will have been talking - Tu vei fi vorbitHe will have been talking - El va fi vorbitShe will have been talking - Ea va fi vorbitWe will have been talking - Noi vom fi vorbitYou will have been talking - Voi veti fi vorbitThey will have been talking - Ei, Ele vor fi vorbit

282. Modul de formare al lui Future Perfect Continuous pentru toate verbele regulate:si neregulate:Se foloseste forma will care provine de la verbul auxiliar to beSe foloseste infinitivul scurt have a verbului auxiliar to haveSe adauga la toate persoanele been care este forma a treia a verbului auxiliar to beSe adauga infinitivul scurt al verbului folosit la care se adauga terminatia ingIt will have been raining for three weeks straight this Monday - Va fi plouat fara intrerupere de trei saptamani lunea asta.

283. Future Perfect Continuous reprezinta o actiune desfasurata in viitor care se intinde pe o perioada lunga de timp in trecut si implica o actiune in derulare.At 4 o'clock that marathon runner will have been running for over five hours, but he refuses to give up. - La ora 4, acel alergator de maraton va fi alergat de 5 ore, dar el refuza sa se dea batut

284. Exista un numar de verbe care nu exprima o actiune. Aceste verbe sa numesc Linking Verbs (verbe de legatura), sunt insotite de un substantiv sau de un adjectivPe romaneste ele formeaza predicatul nominal.I am an actress - Eu sunt actrita. (sunt actrita e predicat nominal)My neighbor seems happy - Vecinul meu pare fericit. - (pare fericit e predicat nominal)

285. In engleza urmatoarele verbe sunt totdeauna verbe de legatura si trebuie urmate de un nume predicativ:to be - a fito become - a devenito seem - a pareaShe is funny - Ea este nostima Budgies become frightened easily - Papagalii perus devin usor spariatiIt seemed like a good idea - Parea o idee buna

286. In engleza urmatoarele verbe NU sunt totdeauna verbe de legatura functia lor in propozitie depinde de context:to appear - a aparea, a pareato feel - a simtito grow - a cresteto look - a privi, a cauta, a pareato prove - a dovedito remain - a ramaneto smell - a mirosito sound - a sunato taste - a gustato turn - a (se) intoarce, a deveni

287. To appear, to look si to turn au valoare de predicat nominal atunci cand au intelesul unuia din verbele care am vazut ca sunt totdeauna predicate nominale: to be, to become, to seemPredicate nominale:He appears tired He seems tired Pare obositHe looks familiar He seems familiar Pare cunoscutHe turned 16. - He became 16 (nu se zice) - A implinit, (a devenit de)16 ani.

NU sunt predicate nominaleHe appeared on TV - A aparut la televizorHe is looking for his watch - Isi cauta ceasulHe turned the car to face the gate - A intors masina ca sa fie cu fata spre poarta

288. Daca celelalte verbe prezentateTo feel - a simti, to grow - a creste, to prove - a dovedi, to remain - a ramane, to smell - a mirosi, to sound - a suna, to taste - a gustapot fi considerate sinonime cu verbul to be, atunci avem de-a face cu un predicat nominal care trebuie urmat de un adjectiv sau de un substantiv. I feel a stong pain - Simt un mare junghi: verb de actiuneI feel tired - Ma simt obosita - Sunt obosita: verb de legatura (predicat nominal)

I grow a tree - Cresc un copac: verb de actiuneHe will grow tall - El va creste inalt - El va fi inalt: verb de legatura (predicat nominal)

289. Exista cateva adjective in engleza care nu pot sta decat pe langa un verb de legatura.Ele nu pot fi folosite pe langa substantive.He is ill. - E bolnav.An ill man - Nu e corect. afraid: I am afraid - Mi-e fricaasleep: He is asleep - El doarmealone: I am alone - Sunt singuralive: I am alive - Sunt viuaware: I am aware of that - Sunt constient de acest lucruawake: It's ok, I am awake - E ok, nu dormcontent: I am content - Sunt multumitdue: The paper is due tommorow - Referatul are scadenta maineready: I am ready - Sunt gataunable: I am unable to sing - Nu pot sa cantglad: I am glad you came - Ma bucur ca ai venitsorry: I am sorry - Imi pare rauwell: He is well - El e bineill: He is ill - El e bolnavsure: I am sure - Sunt sigur

290. Toate timpurile invatate se refera la Diateza Activa, subiectul propozitiei efectueaza actiunea. I am eating a boa constrictor - Eu mananc un sarpe boa

291. In Diateza Pasiva actiunea se face asupra subiectului I am being eaten by a boa constrictor. - Eu sunt mancat de un sarpe boaThe clothes have been rinsed in the washing machine - Hainele au fost clatite in masina de spalat

292. Diateza Pasiva - Present TenseI lift crates - Eu ridic lazi.The crates are lifted by me - Lazile sunt ridicate de mineI am lifed - Eu sunt ridicatYou are lifted - Tu esti ridicatHe is lifted - El este ridicatShe is lifted - Ea este ridicataWe are lifted - Noi suntem ridicatiYou are lifted - Voi sunteti ridicatiThey are lifted - Ei, Ele sunt ridicati

293. Diateza Pasiva - Present Continuous I am lifting crates - The creates are being lifted by meI am being lifedYou are being liftedHe is being liftedShe is being lifted

We are being liftedYou are being liftedThey are being lifted

294. Diateza Pasiva - Past Tense I lifted crates - Eu am ridicat lazi.The crates were lifted by me - Lazile au fost ridicate de mineI was lifted - Eu am fost ridicatYou were lifted - Tu ai fost ridicatHe was lifted - El a fost ridicatShe was lifted - Ea a fost ridicataWe were lifted - Noi am fost ridicatiYou were lifted - Voi ati fost ridicatiThey were lifted - Ei, Ele au fost ridicati

295. Diateza Pasiva - Present PerfectI have lifted crates - The creates have been lifted by meI have been lifted - Eu am fost ridicatYou have been lifted - Tu ai fost ridicatHe has been lifted - El a fost ridicatShe has been lifted - Ea a fost ridicataWe have been lifted - Noi am fost ridicatiYou have been lifted - Voi ati fost ridicatiThey have been lifted - Ei, Ele au fost ridicati

296. Diateza Pasiva - Past ContinuousI was lifting crates - Eu ridicam lazi.The crates were being lifted by me - Lazile erau ridicate de mineI was being lifted - Eu eram ridicatYou were being lifted - Tu erai ridicatHe was being lifted - El era ridicatShe was being lifted - Ea era ridicataWe were being lifted - Noi eram ridicatiYou were being lifted - Voi erati ridicatiThey were being lifted - Ei, Ele erau ridicati

297. Diateza Pasiva - Past PerfectI had lifted crates - Eu ridicasem lazi.The crates had been lifted by me - Lazile fusesera ridicate de mineI had been lifted - Eu fusesem ridicatYou had been lifted - Tu fusesesi ridicatHe had been lifted - El fusesese ridicatShe had been lifted - Ea fusesese ridicataWe had been lifted - Noi fuseseram ridicatiYou had been lifted - Voi fuseserati ridicatiThey had been lifted - Ei, Ele fusesera ridicati

298. Diateza Pasiva - Future TenseI will lift crates - Eu voi ridica lazi.The creates will be lifted by me - Lazile vor fi ridicate de mine

I will be lifted - Eu voi fi ridicatYou will be lifted - Tu vei fi ridicatHe will be lifted - El va fi ridicatShe will be lifted - Ea va fi ridicataWe will be lifted - Noi vom fi ridicatiYou will be lifted - Voi veti fi ridicatiThey will be lifted - Ei, Ele vor fi ridicati

299. Diateza Pasiva - Future ContinuousI will be lifting crates - The creates will be being lifted by meAcest timp e prea complicat. Nu se foloseste

300. Diateza Pasiva - Future PerfectI will have lifted crates - Eu voi fi ridicat lazi.The creates will have been lifted by me - Lazile vor fi fost ridicate de mineI will have been lifted - Eu voi fi fost ridicatYou will have been lifted - Tu vei fi fost ridicatHe will have been lifted - El va fi fost ridicatShe will have been lifted - Ea va fi fost ridicataWe will have been lifted - Noi vom fi fost ridicatiYou will have been lifted - Voi veti fi fost ridicatiThey will have been lifted - Ei, Ele vor fi fost ridicati

301. Diateza Pasiva - Perfect Continuous TensesI have been lifting cratesI had been lifting cratesI will have been lifting cratesAceste timpuri devin foarte complicate la diateza pasiva, asa ca nu se folosesc.

302. Modul conditional exista si in engleza si in romana: I would fly if I had wings. - As zbura daca as avea aripi.As zbura (I would fly) e conditionalul prezentAs zbura - I would fly e conditionalul prezent

303. Conditionalul Prezent ramane neschimbat la toate persoanele:I would fly - Eu as zburaYou would fly - Tu ai zburaHe would fly - El ar zburaShe would fly - Ea ar zburaWe would fly - Noi am zburaYou would fly - Voi ati zburaThey would fly - Ei, Ele ar zbura

304. I shall do this are la conditional echivalentul I should do thisiarI will do this are la conditional echivalentul I would do this

would si should nu inseamna acelasi lucru:shall implica o promisiune - should inseamna ar trebuiI would inseamna as vrea

Tom: I shall win the race! - Voi castiga cursa!Bill: You should!- Ar trebui (ar fi cazul)

Tom: I will call you!- Am sa va sun!Bill I know you would (like to call us), but... - Stiu ca ai vrea sa ne suni, dar...

305. La diateza pasiva ca si la diateza activa conditionalul nu se schimba in functie de persona (You, he, she etc)I would be asked by my teacher - As fi intrebat de profesoara.

306. Conditionalul prezent continuuI, you...would be flying. They are flying a kite - Ei inalta un zmeu prezent continuu.They would be flying a kite if there was wind - Ei ar inalta un zmeu daca ar avea vant conditionalul la prezent continuu.

307. Conditionalul prezent continuu inlocuieste conditionalul prezent in aceleasi cazuri in care prezentul continuu inlocuieste prezentul.If he were here, he would be answering your questions, as we speak - Daca era aici, v-ar fi raspuns la intrebari chiar acum (in timpul acesta in care va vorbesc). iar la prezent Because he is here he is answeing questions, right now - Pentru ca e aici, el raspunde chiar acum la intrebari

308. Si Conditionalul Prezent Continuu ca si consditionalul prezent ramane neschimbat la toate persoanele.I would be flyingYou would be flyingHe would be flyingShe would be flyingWe would be flyingYou would be flyingThey would be flying

309. Conditionalul Prezent Continuu nu are forma pasiva.

310. Conditionalul Trecut e de forma:I would have asked - Eu as fi intrebatsauI should have asked - Ar fi trebuit sa intreb

311. Conjugarea Conditionalului trecut e neschimbata la toate persoaneleIn cazul verbelor neregulate se foloseste forma a treia I would have askedYou would have askedHe would have askedShe would have askedWe would have askedYou would have askedThey would have asked

312. Diateza pasiva - Conditionalul TrecutCa si pana acum nici aceasta forma nu se schimba in functie de persoana (You, he, she etc) I would have been asked by my teacher - As fi fost intrebat de profesoara mea.

313. Conditionalul trecut continuuI, you...would have been flying.They were flying a kite - Ei inaltau un zmeu - trecut continuu.They would have been flying a kite if there had been wind - Ei ar fi inaltat un zmeu daca ar fi avut vant - conditionalul la trecut continuu.

314. Conditionalul trecut continuu inlocuieste conditionalul trecut in aceleasi cazuri in care trecutul continuu inlocuieste trecutul. He would have been doing jail time if the law hadn't changed - Ar fi facut puscarie daca nu s-ar fi schimbat legea.

315. Conditionalul trecut continuu ramane neschimbat la toate persoaneleI would have been flyingYou would have been flyingHe would have been flyingShe would have been flyingWe would have been flyingYou would have been flyingThey would have been flying

316. Conditionalul Trecut Continuu nu are forma pasiva.

317. Propozitiile care contin conditionale contin deasemeni de multe ori prin natura lor conjunctia daca.Aceste propozitii au forma:Daca A atunci B - If A then BDaca A, B - If A, BB daca A - B if A.Aceste propozitii care contin o conditie se numesc conditionale.In engleza, ele au anumite reguli pentru timpurile verbelor din cadrul lor.Ele se numesc If ClausesIf I go to school then I will learn a lot - Daca ma duc la scoala atunci voi invata multesauIf I go to school, I will learn a lotsauI will learn a lot if I go to school - Voi invata multe daca ma duc la scoala).

318. If Clauses - Regula nr1Daca B e la viitor dupa if, adica in propozitia A se pune prezentul If you let me in, I will give you a package - Daca ma lasi sa intru iti dau un pachet sauI will give you a package if you let me in - Iti dau un pachet daca ma lasi sa intru

319. If Clauses - Regula nr2Daca B contine connditionalul prezent dupa if, adica in propozitia A se pune past tense If I met her I would tell her - Daca as intalni-o, i-as spuneI would tell her, if I met her - I-as spune, daca as intalni-o

320. Exceptie - Regula nr2Verbul to be la toate persoanele devine wereIf I were happy I would clap my hands - Daca as fi fericit as bate din palme

321. If Clauses - Regula nr3Daca B contine connditionalul trecut dupa if, adica in propozitia A se pune past perfectIf I had gone by ship I would have been shipwrecked too - Daca ma duceam cu vaporul as fi fost si eu naufragiat.

322. Pentru aceste reguli valabile pentru IF clauses trebuie sa verificam ca fraza contine un if clause adica contine daca...atunci - if...then.Regulile se aplica numai atunci cand.daca introduce o propozitie conditionala.Asa cum am vazut then poate sa lipseasca din propozitie dar existenta lui then trebuie sa se subinteleaga, chiar daca nu exista in fraza. I don't know if he will come - Nu stiu daca el va veniAceasta propozitie nu este echivalenta cu: Daca el va veni atunci nu stiu.Deci nu este un if clause.

323. Modul subjonctiv (sau conjunctiv) exista si in engleza si in romana:In engleza moderna modul subjonctiv nu este folosit mult.Exemple de subjonctiv in romana:

Sa fiu eu acolo, acest lucru nu s-ar intampla - If I were there this would not happenSa fi fost eu acolo, acest lucru nu s-ar fi intamplat. - Had I been there this would not have happenedSa fiu este subjonctivul prezent al lui a fi.Sa fi fost este subjonctivul trecut al lui a fi.

324. In engleza:Subjonctivul prezent cere that in propozitia secundara.Subjonctivul prezent in engleza pune la toate persoanele verbul la infinitiv.It is required that he pass the exam - Se cere ca el sa ia examenulsiIt was required that he pass the exam - Se cerea ca el sa ia examenuldesi prezentul este: he passes the exam

325. Zicem insa Everyone knows that he passes exams Toata lumea stie ca el ia examenele

Deci he passes si nu he pass deoarece dupa cum vom vedea aceasta propozitie in engleza (sau romana) nu cere subjonctivul.

326. Subjonctivul in englezeste exprima dorinte sau cerinte prezente sau trecute.

I want that you come at 6 o'clock - Vreau ca tu sa vii la 6.I would like that you come at 6 o'clock. - Mi-ar placea ca tu sa vii la ora sase.Mult mai normal era insaI would like you to come at six o'clock (Mi-ar placea tu a veni la 6.)

327. Subjonctivul trecut nu se deosebeste ca forma de past tense in majoritatea cazurilor, insa el exprima prezentul.El foloseste fie if - daca fie to wish.Folosirea acestui subjonctiv urmeaza regula nr2 din if clause If I owned a car, I would leave tommorow.- Sa am o masina as pleca maine.(Daca dorim sa pastram subjonctivul in romana)pe romaneste insa se zice mai multDaca as avea o masina as pleca maine.

328. Subjonctivul trecut urmeaza si exceptia regulii nr2 din if clause If I were a singer I would sing all day - Daca as fi cantaret as canta toata ziua.in ziua de azi insa veti auzi de multe ori:If I was a singer - Daca as fi cantaret

329. Un alt caz pentru subjonctivul trecut este atunci cand se foloseste verbul to wish - a dori in principala I wish you were here - As vrea sa fii aiciI wish he were here - As vrea sa fie aicidar se spune siI wish he was here - As vrea sa fie aiciI wish I was a millionaire - As vrea sa fiu milionar.

330. Subjonctivul mai mult ca perfectexprima cu adevarat un timp trecut (spre deosebire de subjonctivul trecut care am vazut ca exprima un eveniment prezent). Subjonctivul mai mult ca perfect foloseste Mai mult ca perfectul(Past Perfect). Sa ma fi dus ieri, cumparam bilete la spectacol. - If I had gone yesteday, I would've bought tickets to the show

331. Subjonctivul mai mult ca perfect se poate exprima si omitand if si inversand locul pronumelui (subiectului) cu verbul auxiliar hadSa ma fi dus ieri, cumparam bilete la spectacol. - Had I gone yesteday, I would've bought tickets to the showHad Farmer Jones known, he would've harvested sooner. - Sa fi stiut Fermierul Jones, ar fi recoltat mai devreme.

332. Subjonctivul viitor se formeza astfel: If I were to pass the exam I would be ecstatic - Sa trec examenul as fi in culmea fericirii.

333. In englezeste am vazut ca subjonctivul se foloseste daca verbul din principala exprima o dorinta sau o cerere.Insa constructia cu conjunctia that intre propozitii apare in multe alte situatiiIn aceste situatii regulile pentru subjonctiv nu sunt valabile SubjonctivI wish (that) he pass the class - Imi doresc ca el sa treaca clasa

I wish (that) he were more determined - Mi-as dori sa fie mai hotaratNu contine subjonctivI see (that) he studies nowadays - Vad ca el studiaza zilele asteaI think (that) in the past he was lazy - Cred ca in trecut era lenes

334. Cand vorbim de acuzativ cu infinitiv verbul din secundara se pune la infinitiv iar pronumele (sau substantivul) la acuzativ.Acuzativul cu infinitiv de multe ori (dar nu totdeauna) se traduce in romaneste cu ajutorul subjonctivului.I want you to go there in loc de I want that you go there.

335. Sa comparam aceste doua forme trecand pronumele al doilea prin toate persoanele.Vedem aceata constructie de verb (wants) + acuzativ (me/you etc) + infinitiv (to go)Emily wants that I go there - Emily wants me to go there Emily wants that you go there - Emily wants you to go there Emily wants that he go there - Emily wants him to go there Emily wants that she go there - Emily wants her to go there Emily wants that Jake go there - Emily wants Jake to go there Emily wants that we go there - Emily wants us to go there Emily wants that you go there - Emily wants you to go there Emily wants that they go there - Emily wants them to go there

336. Nu orice verb in propozitia principala permite folosirea acuzativului cu infinitivulUrmatoarele verbe sunt doar cateva dintre cele ce NU permit aceasta.to fall, to run, to talk.

337. Verbe care accepta acuzativul cu infinitivul:1. Verbe care exprima dorinta: (to wish, to want, to like)I wish him to speak - Doresc ca el sa vorbeascaI wish to speak. - Doresc (ca eu) sa vorbesc - Ca si in romaneste cand ambele propozitii au acelelasi pronume al doilea cadeThey would like me to talk about my hometown - Le-ar place ca eu sa vorbesc despre orasul meu natal

338. Verbe care accepta acuzativul cu infinitivul:2.Verbe care exprima obligatii: (to make, to cause, to induce)You made him cry! (fara to) - L-ai facut sa planga!The crisis caused the stock market to fall (cu to)- Criza a facut ca bursa sa cadaThe teacher induced the little boy to sing (cu to) - Profesoara l-a convins pe baietel sa cante

339. Verbe care accepta acuzativul cu infinitivul:3.Verbe senzoriale (to hear, to see, to notice, to feel, to watch)Aceasta categorie de verbe nu are to.I felt him lose his cool - L-am simtit cum isi pierde fireaHe watched the plane vanish in the clouds - A privit avionul disparand in nori.I heard him come in. - L-am auzit intrand

I will see the teams compete.- Voi vedea echipele intrecandu-se.He will notice you sing well - Va observa ca tu canti bine.

340. Verbe care accepta acuzativul cu infinitivul:3.Verbe care exprima activitatea mintala (to think, to consider, to understand)I think him to be a great writer. - Cred ca el e un mare scriitor.I think (that) he is a great writer - era mai directThey consider him to be the future king - Il considera pe el (sa fie) viitorul regeHe understood her to be a shy person.- El a inteles-o pe ea sa fie o persoana timida

341. Nominativul unei propozitii este subiectul, un pronume sau un substantiv.In anumite situatii in propozitii poate exista un nominativ si un infinitiv intre ele fiind intercalat predicatul propozitiei.Aceasta constructie poarta numele de nominativul cu infinitivulI want to run - Vreau sa alerg.

342. Acesta constructie e posibila pentru anumite verbe aflate la pasiv (to make, to say, to know, to believe)He was made to apologize by the teacher - A fost pus sa isi ceara scuze de catre profesoaraThat farmer is said to have many acres of land - Fermierul acela se zice ca are multi acri de pamantMy grandmother was known to help people. - Bunica mea era cunoscuta ca ajuta oameniiDuring the war he was believed to be dead. - In timpul razboiului el era crezut mort

343. Nominativul cu infinitivul se poate folosi pentru verbele to happen, to seem, to appear, to prove. They happen to be my cousins - Ei sunt verii meiYour friend seemed to have many plans for the future.- Prietenul tau parea sa aiba multe planuri de viitorThe dog appeared to bark on command - Cainele parea sa latre la poruncaI will prove to be worthy of your trust - Voi dovedi ca sunt demn de increderea voastra.

344. Nominativul cu infinitivul se poate folosi pentru verbul to be urmat de sure, certain sau likely He is sure to remember the incident - El cu siguranta isi aminteste de incidentYou are certain to be in the play - Esti cu siguranta in piesaShe is likely to succeed.- Ea are sanse sa castige.

345. Pe langa folosirea terminatiei ing la conjugarea continua, aceasta se foloseste si in alte situatii pe post de substantiv, adjectiv sau verb.Dupa rolul jucat in propozitie aceasta forma se numeste fie gerunziu fie participiu prezent. SubstantivReading is for everybody - Cititul e pentru toata lumeaAdjectivI am part of a reading club - Fac parte dintr-un club de cititVerb

I enjoy reading - Imi place sa citescI found him reading - L-am gasit citind

346. Folosirea terminatiei ING pentru formarea substantivelorTake your belongings! - Ia-ti lucrurile!Skiing is dangerous - Schiatul e periculosCatching trout is hard. - Prinderea de pastravi e grea.

347. Folosirea terminatiei ING pentru formarea adjectivelorThe fishing boat needs repairs - Barca de pescuit necesita reparatii. - The tanning salon is closed - Salonul de brozat e inchisThe cleaning solution is toxic. - Solutia de curatat e toxica

348. Folosirea terminatiei ING pentru formarea verbelorI like painting - Imi place sa pictezI imagine him studying all day - Mi-l imaginez invatand toata ziuaI saw your parrot flying in my garden - L-am vazut pe papagalul tau zburand la mine in gradina

349. De multe ori aceste propozitii ce contin forma ING se pot reformula, daca dorim.Daca insa suntem siguri de formulare, ele nu trebuie evitateDo you mind my smoking devine Do you mind if I smoke?The cleaning solution is toxic. - The solution used for cleaning is toxicI like painting - I like to paint

350. Forma cu ING se poate folosi si in locul expresiilor de forma substantiv care verb care se transforma in adjectiv verbfata care canta - the girl that singsthe ball that bounces - mingea care sarethe man that sleeps - barbatul care doarmedevinthe singing girlthe bouncing balthe sleeping man

Sleeping beauty - Frumoasa adormitaJumping bean - fasole sariroare (o varietate de fasole)

351. Spre deosebire de alte adjective, aceste adjective cu ing pot fi puse dupa substantiv.Ele se scriu cu cratima.Insa sensul expresiei se schimba:eatimg man - barbat care manancaman-eating - care mananca barbati (oameni)

hunting fox - vupe care vaneazafox hunting - vanatoare de vulpi

fishing boat - barca de pescuitboat-fishing - care pescuieste barci

diving sky - cer care plonjezasky-diving - care plonjeaza din cer

352. Exista si adjective compuse in care primul cuvant e un substantiv si al doilea un adjectiv format cu ing.Impreuna insa ele formeaza un nou adjectiv.jaw-dropping performance - prestatie extraordinarajaw-dropping - care cade falcamind-boggling idea - idee uluioaremind-boggling - care zapaceste minteaeye-popping stunt - cascadorie fantasticaeye-popping - care scoate ochii

353. Asa cum am vazut subjonctivul englez e folosit mult mai rar ca in romana.In engl el are numai rolul de a exprima dorinte, cereri pe cand in romana orice verb are subjonctiv.In multe cazuri subjonctivul romanesc in englezeste se traduce printr-un verb cu forma cu ing Before eating some people pray. - Inainte sa manance unii oameni se roagaInstead of crying over spilt milk buy some more milk. - In loc sa plangi dupa laptele varsat, mai cumpara lapteThey began working - Ei au inceput sa lucrezeI like starting new things - Imi place sa incep lucruri noiI think seeing a movie is the best idea. - Cred ca sa vedem un film e cea mai buna idee.

354. Ca si in romana (unde totusi in ziua de azi nu e uzual) subjonctivul (forma cu ing in engleza) poate fi inlocuit cu infinitivulAceasta formulare in engleza e mult folosita, in continuare.Unele verbe primesc aceasta inlocuire altele nu.Uhele nu accepta forma ci ing, si in schimb accepta infinitivulTotul depinde de predicatul propozitiei. RomanesteVreau sa pictez - Vreau a pictaEnglezesteCazuri cand se foloseste numai infinitivulI want to sing - Vreau sa cantHe decided to come - Ahotarat sa vinaCazuri cand se foloseste numai forma cu ingHe mentioned seeing the movie - A mentionat ca a vazut filmulCazuri cand se foloseste oricare formaI started to belive/believing him - Am inceput sa il credI tried to finish/finishing this - Am incercat sa termin aceasta

355. Verbe care sunt folosite numai cu infinitivul:afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, consent, dare, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, endeavour, expect, fail, fight, grow, guarantee, happen, hasten, help, hesitate, hope, learn, long, manage, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prepare, pretend, proceed, promise, prove, reckon, refuse, resolve,

scorn, seek, seem, strive, struggle, swear, tend, threaten, trouble, undertake, venture, volunteer, vote, vow, wait, wish, would like

356. Verbe care sunt folosite numai cu forma cu ING:admit, adore, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, consider, contemplate, defend, defer, delay, deny, detest, describe, discuss, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, explain, face, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, involve, keep, lie, loathe, mention, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, prevent, quit, recall, recollect, report, resent, resist, risk, save, suggest, tolerate, understand can’t help, can’t resist, can’t stand, it’s no use, there is no point/ sense in, it’s worth

357. Lista de verbe dupa care poate veni un verb si la infinitiv si la forma cu ING:advise, allow, attempt, begin, bother, cease, come, continue, deserve, dread, fear, forbid, forget, go on, hate, hear, intend, like, love, mean, need, permit, prefer, propose, recommend, regret, remember, require, see, start, stop, try, want, be afraid (of/to), be ashamed (of/to), be sorry(for/to), can't bear, can't stand, care (for/to)

358. Desi aceste verbe permit ambele forme sensul celor doua forme cateodata difera.He forgot to learn - A uitat sa inveteHe forgot learning - A uitat ca a invatatHe remembered to pay - A tinut minte sa plateascaHe remembered paying - Si-a amintit ca a platitShe stopped to talk - S-a oprit sa vorbeascaShe stopped talking - S-a oprit din vorbitI like to ski - Im place sa schiezI like skiing - Imi place schiatul

359. Aceste reguli se refera la verbe care vin dupa alte verbe. Un verb singur poate fi totdeauna la infinitiv sau la forma cu ING.To err is human, to forgive is divine. - Erring is human forgiving is divineadicaA gresi e omeneste, a ierta e dumnezeieste - Sa gresim e omeneste sa iertam e dumnezeieste.Fiindca sunt doua propozitii ele nu se influenteaza una pe alta. Daca ziceam:To forgive erring people is divine - A ierta oameni care gresesc e divin, atunci to err trebuia pus la gerunziu fiindca to forgive cerea acest lucru.Observatii:1. Proverbul este: To err is human, to forgive divine.2. Azi se zice to make a mistake nu to err

360. Forma cu ING se foloseste dupa anumite prepozitii:After writing the letter I mailed it. - Dupa ce am scris scrisoarea am expediat-oOn hearing this she started to laugh - Auzind aceasta ea a inceput sa rada

361. Lista de prepozitii care cer forma cu ING atunci cand se foloseste un verb dupa eleagainst, at, after, by, on, instead of , talk about, tired of, without We are against bombing other countries - Suntem impotriva bombardarii altor tariAt seeing this, he cried - Vazand aceasta, el a plans

Afterfinishing the paper I went to bed - Dupa ce am terminat lucrarea m-am dus la culcareBy passing this round I am now qualified for the final - Trecand d aceasta runda, m-am calificat pentru finale.On meeting the president he was speechless - La intalnirea cu presedintele el a ramas fara cuvinte lui deInstead of going to the circus, let's go to the zoo.- In loc sa mergem la circ hai sa mergem la zoo.Let's talk about catching rhinos - Hai sa vorbim despre prinderea de rinoceriI am tired of hearing about this. - M-am saturat sa aud de astaHe left without saying a word - A plecat fara sa zica un cuvant

362. Cateva exemple de propozitii care in romaneste se traduc cu ca, dar care in engleza folosesc tot forma cu ING:I remember seeing him - Imi amintesc ca l-am vazutI admit telling her - Recunosc ca i-am spusI swear telling the truth - Jur ca am spus adevarulcu traduceri exacteI remember that I saw himI admit that I told herI swear that I told the truth

363. Participiul trecut al verbului to break e broken (a treia forma din lista de verbe neregulate).Ca si in romana participiul trecut al unei actiuni poate deveni adjectiv care sugereaza o insusire dobandita in trecut.Breaking news - Stiri foarte noi (care sparg) - foloseste participiul prezentbreakinginsaBroken arm - Mana rupta (sparta) - foloseste participiul trecut broken

364. Exemple de adjective provenite din participiul trecutmelted ice - gheata care s-a topitmelting ice - gheata care se topeste

sunken treasure - comoara ingropataforgotten facts - fapte uitatecolored eggs - oua vopsitefattened calf - vitelul ingrasatburnt bread - paine arsaheated cofee - cafea incalzita

365. Participiul Trecut poate fi folosit si fara sa fie adjectiv.Pentru noi ca romani e mai directa si de preferat aceasta constructie, pentru cei ce nu sunt avansati. A building, damaged by the earthquake, was torn down.- O cladire, avariata de cutremur, a fost demolatamai englezeste ar fi fostAn earthquake damaged building was torn downA man, hit by a ball, started yelling - Un barbat, lovit de o minge, a inceput sa strige.

366. Participiul Perfect reprezinta o actiune terminata care duce la o alta actiune.Se formeaza din having si participiul trecut al verbului. Having finished the project she went for a walk. - Terminand(Deoarece terminase) proiectul, ea s-a dus sa se plimbe.Having spent all his money, the student called home. - Deoarece isi cheltuise toti banii, studentul a sunat acasa.

367. Imperativul in limba englezaAcest timp se foloseste in comenzi, sugestii, instructiuni, invitatii. Daca nu e insotitt de Please - te rog ca si in romana de multe ori e nepoliicosSubiectul imperativului e subinteles, si se foloseste rar.Cand persoana e specificata prin nume, acesta se pune sau la inceputul sau (de preferinta) la sfarsitul propozitiei.Nepoliticos:Shut up! Taci din gura!Get out! - Iesi afara! Politicos!Please be quiet!Please, leave! - Te rog pleaca! Se zice:Come on! - Haide!Andrew! Come on! - Andrew!Hide!Come on, Andrew! - Haide, Andrew

368. Cazurile de imperativ din engleza sunt asemenea limbii romane, anume se foloseste persoana a 2a la toate verbele in afara lui to beIn cazul verbului to be - a fi la imperativ< se pastreaza forma de infinitiv.Andrew merge. - Andrew walks. (pers.a 3a)Andrew, mergi! - Andrew walk!(pers.a 2a)darAndrew este atent. - Andrew is careful.Andrew fii atent! - Andrew be careful!

Observatie:Be careful! inseamna Fii atent la ce faci. Fii atent! la lectie se zice Pay attention!

369. Alta construcitie a imperativului des intalnita, este folosind verbul to let - a lasaPentru orice verb care accepta o asemenea constructie Let'ssau Let us inseamna Hai sa Open the door and let me come in! - Deschide usa si lasa-ma sa intru!Let me in! - lasa-ma sa intru!Let me go! - Da-mi drumul!Let us pray - Sa ne rugamLet's play! - Hai sa ne jucamLet's eat! - Hai sa mancamLet's dance! - Hai sa dansam!Ok, let's! - Bine, hai!

370. Cateodata se pune Do in fata infinitivului pentru a il face mai politicos.Cand punem Do nu mai punem Please - Te rogDo nu se foloseste decat in contexte deja politicoase.Daca se spune cuiva: Sweep the floor! atunci e mai bine sa se foloseasca Please! - Please, sweep the floor!Do, come in! - Intrati!Do, be quiet - Te rog liniste!Do, sit down - Te rog, ia loc!Do, come see me!- Te rog, mai treci pe la mine!

371. Alte exemple de imperativ:Take the first turn right. - Ia-o pe prima la dreapta.Hurry up!- Grabeste-te!Watch out! - Pazea!Watch it! - Vezi cum vorbesti!Have a good time! - Distractie placuta!Have fun! - Distractie placutaSleep well! - Dormi bine (Somn usor)Brace yourself - Imbarbateaza-te!Get a grip - Aduna-te!Hang in there! - Rezista!

372. Negativul verbului to be la present tense se formeaza astfel:I am not - Nu suntYou are not - Nu estiHe is not - El nu eShe is not - Ea nu e!We are not - Nu suntemYou are not - Nu suntetiThey are not - Nu sunt

373. Negativul verbului to be la past tense se formeaza astfel:I was not - Nu eramYou were not - Nu eraiHe was not - El nu eraShe was not - Ea nu eraWe were not - Nu eramYou were not - Nu eratiThey were not - Nu erau

374. Negativul unui verb care nu e la un timp compus Acesta se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to do:Nu lucrez noaptea - I do not work at nightNu stiu unde e - I do not know where it isNu m-a intrebat pe mine - He did not ask me.

375. Daca timpul este compus se foloseste numai notNu lucrez acum - I am not working now I will not work tommorow - Nu voi lucra maine

I haven't been working for weeks - Nu am nai lucrat de saptamani.I have not been to Australia - Nu am fost in Australia

376. Atunci cand folosim Past Tense care nu e un timp compus si deci negatia contine do, do se pune la trecut nu verbul.Deasemenea do la prezent devine does la persoana a 3a singularI did not wash my hands - Nu m-am spalat pe maini.He does not know me - Nu ma cunoasteWe did not see him there - Nu l-am vazut acolo.

377. Do not se contracta in don't. Did not in didn'tI do not smoke - Nu fumezShe does not teach anymore - Ea nu mai predaWe do not do that - Nu facem astadevinI don't smokeShe doesn't teach anymoreWe don't do that

378. Present Tense - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala. I do not wash - I don't washYou do not wash - You don't washHe does not wash - He doesn't washShe do not wash - She doesn't washWe do not wash - We don't washYou do not wash - You don't washThey do not wash - They don't wash

379. Present Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala. I am not washing - I'm not washingYou are not washing - You're not washingHe is not washing - He's not washingShe's not washing - She's not washingWe are not washing - We're not washingYou are not washing - You aren't washingThey are not washing - They aren't washing

380. Past Tense - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala. I did not wash - I didn't washYou did not wash - You didn't washHe did not wash - He didn't washShe did not wash - She didn't washWe did not wash - We didn't washYou did not wash - You didn't washThey did not wash - They didn't wash

381. Present Perfect - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala. I have not washed - I haven't washedYou have not washed - You haven't washedHe has not washed - He hasn't washed

She has not washed - She hasn't washedWe have not washed - We haven't washedYou have not washed - You haven't washedThey have not washed - They haven't washed

382. Past Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I was not washing - I wasn't washingYou were not washing - You weren't washingHe was not washing - Hewasn't washingShe was not washing - Shewasn't washingWe were not washing - We weren't washingYou were not washing - You weren't washingThey were not washing - They weren't washing

383. Past Perfect - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I hadnot washed - I hadn't washedYou hadnot washed - You hadn't washedHe hadnot washed - He hadn't washedShe hadnot washed - She hadn't washedWe hadnot washed - We hadn't washedYou hadnot washed - You hadn't washedThey hadnot washed - They hadn't washed

384. Future Tense - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I will not wash - I won't washYou will not wash - You won't washHe will not wash - He won't washShe will not wash - She won't washWe will not wash - We won't washYou willnot wash - You won't washThey willnot wash - They won't wash

385. Future Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I will not be washing - I won't be washingYou will not be washing - You won't be washingHe will not be washing - He won't be washingShe will not be washing - She won't be washingWe will not be washing - We won't be washingYou willnot be washing - You won't be washingThey willnot be washing - They won't be washing

386. Future Perfect - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I will not have washed - I won't have washedYou will not have washed - You won't have washedHe will not have washed - He won't have washedShe will not have washed - She won't have washedWe will not have washed - We won't have washedYou will not have washed - You won't have washedThey will not have washed - They won't have washed

387. Present Perfect Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I have not been washing - I've not been washingYou have not been washing - You haven't been washingHe has not been washing - He hasn't been washingShe has not been washing - She hasn't been washingWe have not have washing - We haven't been washingYou have not been washing - You haven't been washingThey have not been washing - They havn't been washing

388. Diateza Pasiva - Present Tense - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I am not washed - I'm not washedYou are not washed - You're not washedHe is not washed - He's not washedShe is not washed - She's not washedWe are not washed - We're not washedYou are not washed - You're not washedThey are not washed - They're not washed

389. Diateza Pasiva - Present Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I am not being washed - I'm not being washedYou are not being washed - You're not being washedHe is not being washed - He's not being washedShe is not being washed - She's not being washedWe are not being washed - We're not being washedYou are not being washed - You're not being washedThey are not being washed - They're not being washed

390. Diateza Pasiva - Past Tense - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I was not washed - I wasn't washedYou were not washed - You weren't washedHe was not washed - He wasn't washedShe was not washed - She wasn't washedWe were not washed - We weren't washedYou were not washed - You weren't washedThey were not washed - They were'nt washed

391. Diateza Pasiva - Present Perfect - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I have not been washed - I've not been washedYou have not been washed - You haven't been washedHe has not been washed - He hasn't been washedShe has not been washed - She hasn't been washedWe have not have washed - We haven't been washedYou have not been washed - You haven't been washedThey have not been washed - They havn't been washed

392. Diateza Pasiva - Past Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I was not being washed - I wasn't being washedYou were not being washed - You weren't being washedHe was not being washed - He wasn't being washedShe was not being washed - She wasn't being washedWe were not being washed - We weren't being washedYou were not being washed - You weren't being washedThey were not being washed - They were'nt being washed

393. Diateza Pasiva - Past Perfect - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I had not been washed - I hadn't been washedYou had not been washed - You hadn't been washedHe had not been washed - He hadn't been washedShe had not been washed - She hadn't been washedWe had not have washed - We hadn't been washedYou had not been washed - You hadn't been washedThey had not been washed - They hadn't been washed

394. Diateza Pasiva - Future Tense - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I will not be washed - I won't be washedYou will not be washed - You won't be washedHe will not be washed - He won't be washedShe will not be washed - She won't be washedWe will not be washed - We won't be washedYou will not be washed - You won't be washedThey will not be washed - They won't be washed

395. Diateza Pasiva - Future Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.Acest timp e prea complicat. Nu se foloseste

396. Diateza Pasiva - Future Perfect - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.I will not have been washed - I won't have been washedYou will not have been washed - You won't have been washedHe will not have been washed - He won't have been washedShe will not have been washed - She won't have been washedWe will not have been washed - We won't have been washedYou will not have been washed - You won't have been washedThey will not have been washed - They won't have been washed

397. Diateza Pasiva - Perfect Continuous Tenses- Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.Present Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect ContinuousFuture Perfect ContinuousAceste timpuri devin foarte complicate la diateza pasiva, asa ca nu se folosesc.

398. Conditionalul - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.

Formele de conditional would si should provin de la forma de viitor will asa ca negativul in aceste cazuri se formeaza la fel ca pentru will I would not tell him if I were you.I wouldn't tell him if I were youNu i-as spune sa fiu in locul tau

They should not buy a new carThey shouldn't buy a new carNu e nevoie sa-si cumpere o masina noua

399. Forma interogativa a verbului to beSe formeaza prin inversarea verbului cu subiectul, ca si in romaneste.I am happy - Eu sunt fericit(a)Am I happy? - Sunt eu fericita? Are you a teacher> - Esti profesor?Is he your friend? - Este el prietenul tau?Are they late for work? - Au intarziat ei la serviciu>Are you Swedish? - Esti suedez?Am I right? - Am dreptate?Were you tired? - Ai fost obosit?

400. Spre deosebire de romana, in engleza se poate zice Am I? sau chiar I am?.Dar cele doua au intelesuri diferite.I am? exprima mirare si bucurie.Am I? exprima indoiala.De exemplu: You are in the top ten. - Esti intre primii zece.I am? - Da?

You are not in the top ten. - Nu esti intre primii zece.Oh, I'm not? - O, nu?

You are so happy! - Esti asa de fericit!Am I? - Zau?

You are not smart! - Nu esti destept!I'm not, am I? - Nu sunt, nu? (ironic)

401. Raspunsul la o intrebare de genul Are you happy> poate fiYes - DaYes, I am - Da, suntNo - NuNo, I am not - Nu, nu suntAre you a farmer? - No.You are not a farmer? - No, I am not.Are you?Yes!

Esti fermier? - Nu.Nu esti fermier> - Nu, nu sunt.Tu esti? Da!

402. Interogativul in cazul timpurilor necompuse (Present Tense si Past Tense) Atunci cand propozitia contine alt verb decat to be (si nu contine un verb modal) iar verbul nu e la o forma compusa, interogativul se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to do NU se face inversarea verbului cu subiectul ca in cazul lui to be. You work at night - Lucrezi noaptea.You drive - Conduci.I know you - Te cunoscThey all live in a yellow submarine - Ei locuiesc toti intr-un submarin galben.Lucrezi noaptea? - Do you work at night?Do you drive? - Conduci?Do I know you? - Te cunosc?Do they all live in a yellow submarine?- Locuiesc ei toti intr-un submarin galben?

403. Aunci cand in intrebari se cere folosirea verbului to do acesta preia persoana si timpul verbului de baza.Astfel persoana a treia a verbului pierde litera s si la orice persoana verbul ramane la infinitiv. He plays cards - El joaca cartiShe rides horses - Ea calareste cai.My green parrot flies well - Papagalul meu verde zboara bine.You did my homework - Ti-ai facut temele. Does he play cards? - El joaca carti?Does she ride horses? - Ea calareste?Does your green parrot fly well? - Zboara bine papagalul tau verde?

Did you play cards? - Tu ai jucat carti?Did she play cards? - Ea a jucat carti?Did they ride horses - Au calarit ei cai? Did your geen parrot fly well? - Zbura bine papagalul tau verde?Did you do your homework - Ti-ai facut temele?

404. La interogatii daca timpul este compus do nu se foloseste dar se schimba ordinea pronumelui cu primul auxiliar.

You had eaten enough. - Mancasei destul.She has always come home for Christmas.- Totdeauna a venit acasa de Craciun.You have been jogging lately - Ai facut jogging in ultimul timp.We will overcome - Vom invinge.. The cowboy is riding in the moonlight. - Cowboyul calareste in lumina lunii.Had you eaten enough? - Mancasei destul?Has she always come home for Christmas? - A venit ea totdeauna acasa de Craciun?Have you been jogging lately? - Ai facut jogging in ultimul timp?Will we overcome? - Vom invinge?Is he riging in the moonlight? - Calareste cowboyul la lumina lunii?

405. Propozitii interogative fara inversare You work tonight - Lucrezi disearaDo you work tonight - Lucrezi diseara?Se poate spune siYou are working tonight? (deci fara inversare, dar nu este propriu-zis o intrebare, exprima mirarea (You work tonight !?!)I like to eat grapefruit. - Imi place sa mananc grep.Do you like to eat grapefruit? - Iti place sa mananci grep?You like to eat grapefruit?!? - Iti place sa mananci grep?!?

He has gone to hunt lions.- S-a dus sa vaneze lei.Has he gone to hunt lions? - S-a dus sa vaneze lei?He has gone to hunt lions?- S-a dus sa vaneze lei?!?

406. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to be si to watch la Present Tense

I am happy - Eu sunt fericitI watch a movie every night - Ma uit la un film in fiare seara.Are you happy? - Tu esti fericit?Is he happy? - E el fericit? Do you watch a movie every night? - Te uiti la un film in fiecare seara?Does he watch a movie every night? - Se uita el la un film in fiecare seara?

407. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to watch la Present Continuous

I am watch a movie. - Ma uit la un film.Are you watching a movie? - Te uiti la un film?Is she watching a movie? - Ea se uita la un film?Are they watching a movie? - Ei se uita la un film?

408. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to be si to watch la Past Tense

I was happy - Eu eram fericitI watched a movie - M-am uitat la un film. Was I happy - Eram fericitWere you happy? - Erai fericitWas she happy? - Era fricita?

Did you watch a movie? - Te-ai uitat la un film?Did they watch a movie - S-au uitat ei la film?

409. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to be si to watch la Present Perfect

I have been happy in the past - Eu eram fericitI have watched a movie - M-am uitat la un film. Have I been happy in the past? - Am fost eu fericit in trecut?Has he been happy in the past? - A fost el fericit in trecut?Have they been happy in the past? - Au fost ei fericiti in trecut?

Have you watched a movie? - Te-ai uitat la un film?Has she watched a movie? - S-a uitat ea la un film?

410. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to watch la Past ContinuousI was watching a movie when the lights went off - Ma uitam la un film cand s-au stins luminile.Were you watching a movie, when the lights went off? - Te uitai la un film cand s-au stins luminile.Was he watching a movie, when the lights went off? - Se uita el la un film cand s-au stins luminile?.Were they watching a movie, when the lights went off? - Se uitaU ei la un film cand s-au stins luminile?

411. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to be si to watch la Past PerfectI had been happy until then - Pana atunci fusesem fericit(a).I had watched a movie already - Ma uitasem deja la un film.Had you been happy untill then? - Pana atunci fusesei fericit?Had we been happy untill then? - Pana atunci fusesem noi fericit?

Had you watched a movie already? - Te uitasei tu deja la un film?Had they watched a movie already? - Se uitasera ei deja la un film?

412. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbelor to watch si to be la Future TenseSomeday, I will be happy - Intr-o zi voi fi fericit(a).I will watch a movie - Ma voi uita la un film.Someday, will I be happy? - Voi fi fericit(a) intr-o zi?Someday, will they be happy - Voi fi ei(ele) fericiti(e) intr-o zi?

Will I watch a movie? - Ma voi uita eu la un film? (vezi verbe modale)Will they watch a movie? - Se vor uita ei la un film? (vezi verbe modale)

413. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to watch la Future ContinuousI will be watching a movie at that time - Ma voi uita la un film, la acea ora.Will you be watching a movie at that time? - Te vei uita la un film la acea ora?Will we be watching a movie at that time? - Ne vom uita la un film la acea ora?

414. Forma interogativa a verbelor to watch si to be la Future PerfectI will have been happy - Voi fi fost fericit(a).When this movie is over I will have watched 3 movies - Cand se termina acest film ma voi fi uitat la 3 filme. Will you have been happy> - Vei fi fost tu fericit?

When this movie is over will you have watched 3 movies ?- Cand se termina acest film te vei fi uitat la 3 filme?

415. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to watch la Present Perfect ContinuousI have been watching a movie all afternoon - M-am uitat la un film toata dupa amiaza. Have you been watching a movie all afternoon? - Te-ai uitat la un film toata dupa amiaza?

Has she been watching a movie all afternoon? - S-a uitat ea la un film toata dupa amiaza?

416. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to watch la Past Perfect ContinuousI had been watching a movie all afternoon before you came over.- Ma uitasem la un film toata dupa amiaza inainte sa vii tu. Had you been watching a movie all afternoon before I came over? - Te uitasei la un film toata dupa amiaza inainte sa vin eu? Had he been watching a movie all afternoon before I came over? - Se uitase la un film toata dupa amiaza inainte sa vin eu?

417. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to watch la Future Perfect ContinuousI will have been watching a movie all afternoon by the time it is 5 o'clock.- Ma voi fi uitat la un film toata dupa amiaza pana sa se faca ora 5. Will you have been watching a movie all afternoon by the time it is 5 o'clock?- Te vei fi uitat la un film toata dupa amiaza pana sa se faca ora 5?

418. Formarea unui interogativ dintr-o propozitie negativa

Are + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in aren't + pronumeIs + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in isn't + pronumeDo + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in don't + pronumeWill + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in won'tHave + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in haven't

Was + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in wasn't + pronumeWere + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in weren't + pronumeDid + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in didn't + pronumeHad + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in hadn't + pronume

Would + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in wouldn't + pronumeShould + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in shouldn't + pronumePuteti sa procedati astfel:Luati interogativul pozitiv si inlocuiti dupa caz, auxiliarul inversat cu una din contractiile de mai sus.Altfel porniti de la negatie si faceti inversiunea. You are 20 - Ai 20 de ani.You are not 20 - Nu ai 20 de ani.

Are you 20? - Ai 20 de ani?Aren't you 20? - N-ai 20 de ani?

You saw him - L-ai vazut.You did not see him - Nu l-ai vazut.

Did you see him? - L-ai vazut?Didn't you see him? - Nu l-ai vazut?

419. Formarea unui interogativ dintr-o propozitie negativa in cazul verbului to be.

In cazul verbului to be, interogativul negativ se face tot prin inversarea subiectului cu primul dintre verbele auxiliare.Am I not - NU se contracta.Am I going to Paris? - Merg la Paris?

Are you hungry? - Ti-e foame?Aren't you hungry? - Nu ti-e foame?

Were you hungry? - Ti-era foame?Weren't you hungry? - Nu ti-era foame?

Have you been hungry? - Ti-a fost foame?Haven't you been hungry? - Nu ti-a fost foame?

Was I quick? - Am fost iute?Wasn't I quick? - N-am fost iute?

Will he be there? - Va fi acolo?Won't he be there? - Nu va fi acolo?

420. Formarea unui interogativ dintr-o propozitie negativa in cazul altui verb decat to be. Do you like cheese? - Iti place branza? Don't you like cheese - Nu iti place branza?

Will he paint your portrait? - Iti va picta portretul?Won't he paint your portrait? - Nu iti va picta portretul?

Have you planted your garden? - Ti-ai plantat gradina?Haven't you planted your garden? - Nu ti-ai plantat gradina?Have you been talking on the phone? - Ai vorbit la telefon? Haven't you been talking on the phone?

421. Formularea raspunsului DA/NU la intrebarile fara negatie.Se face in functie de formularea intrebarii.La intrebari formulate cu verbul to be, se raspunde tot prin verbul to be.La intrebari formulate cu auxliarul to do, se raspunde tot prin to do.La intrebari formulate cu auxliarul to have, se raspunde tot to have.La intrebari formulate cu auxliarul will, se raspunde tot cu will.Daca mai multe din aceste auxiliare apar intr-o intrebare, se raspunde cu auxiliarul inversat. (Cel din fata subiectului).

Do you play the trombone? - Canti la trombon?Da - yes Da cant - Yes I do (si nu yes I play)Da cant la trombon - Yes I do play the tromboneNu - No

Nu, nu cant - No I don'tNo I don't play the tromboneAre you Romanian? - Yes, I amEsti roman(ca) - Da, sunt.

Am I smart? - Yes, you areSunt destept/desteapta? - Da esti.

Are we late? - No, we are notAm intarziat? - Nu, nu am intarziat

Did you have a good time? - Yes I didTe-ai distrat - Da.Do you like ships? - No, I get seasick.Iti plac vapoarele? - Nu, am rau de mare.

Have I offended him? - Yes, you have.L-am jignit? Da.

Had you known about this? - No, I hadn'tStiai asta? - Nu, nu stiam

Will you be telling the teacher? - No I won'tIi vei spune profesoarei? - Nu.

422. Formularea raspunsului DA/NU la intrebarile cu negatie.

Ca si in romaneste, la aceste intrebari este cateodata greu de raspuns clar.Noi zicem Ba da.Ei nu au ceva echivalent.Se poate zice: Of course! - Sigur!sau se poate repeta toata propozitia, accentuand, pentru emfaza (in cazul ca raspunsul e da), auxiliarul.Don't you play the piano? - Nu canti la pian? Yes, I DO play the piano.No, I do not play the piano.

423. Alte raspunsuri la intrebariOf course - Sigur.A little - PutinA lot - Mult Sort of - Intr-un felNot really - Nu preaMaybe - Poate

424. Exista ca si romaneste cuvinte specifice pentru intrebari pentru care regulile de formare a interogatiei se schimbaAcest lucru e adevarat numai daca aceste cuvinte formeaza subiectul propozitiei.In acest caz aceste cuvine reprezinta interogatia si nu e nevoie de alt mod de formare a interogatiei.

Who - CineWhat - CeWhere - UndeWhen - CandHow - CumHow - CatWhich - Care

425. Who - CineWho are you? - Cine esti?Who won the race? - Cine a castigat cursa? (Raspuns: X won the race - deci who e subiectul)Who do you think won? - Tu cine crezi ca a castigat? Aici do you think e intercalat in propozitia Who won?

426. What - CeWhat is this? - Ce e asta?What is your name - Cum te cheama?(Ce nume ai?)What happened? - Ce s-a intamplat?What did you say? (aici subiectul e you - Ce ai spus (tu)?What time do they open? - La ce ora deschid? (aici subiectul e they - Cine deschid - ei)?What is the king like? - Cum este regele (Ca ce este regele)?What do you think? - Ce crezi? What...like? - Cum...este?What was it like - Cum a fost?What is the weather like in Katmandu? - Cum e vremea in Katmandu?

427. Where - UndeWhere do you live? - Unde locuiesti?Where is it? - Unde este asta?Where is Djibouti? - Unde e Djibouti?Where are you going? - Unde te duci?Where did you go on vacation? - Unde ai fost in vacanta?

428. When - CandWhen was that? - Cand a fost asta?When was World Wae 2? - Cand a fost Al Doilea Razboi Mondial?When will they be here? - Cand sosesc?When will the universe die out? - Cand va muri universul?

429. How - CumHow are you? - Ce mai faci?How is granny? - Ce mai face (Cum e) bunica?How about that? - Ce zici de asta?How did you do that? Cum ai facut?How do you get there? - Cum ai ajuns acolo?How do I look? - Cum arat?

430. How - Cat

How much is it? - Cat costa?How often do you go to the movies? Cat de des mergi la film?How hot is it? - Cat de cald e?How cold is it? - Cat e de frig (de rece)?How long is it? - Cat de lung e?How short is it? - Cat e de scurt?How big is it? - Cat e de mare?How small is it? - Cat e de mic?How far away is it? - Cat e de departe?How close is it? - Cat e de aproape?How old is he? - Cati ani are?How fat is he? - Cat e de gras?How thin is he? - Cat e de slab?How tall is he? - Cat e de inalt?How short is he? - Cat e de scund?

431. Observatie:Daca vroiam sa zicem: Cat e de gras! nu mai era intrebare, si ziceam How tall he is!How fat he is! - Cat e de gras!How thin he is! - Cat e de slab!How tall he is! - Cat e de inalt!How short he is! - Cat e de scund!

432. Which - CareWhich one is better? - Care e mai bun?Which should I choose? - Pe care sa il aleg?Which is yours? - Care e al tau?

433. Exista in limba engleza verbe care se numesc Verbe Modale

Problema pentru necunoscatori e ca aceste verbe exprima toate nuante ale verbului a putea si fara practica e greu de stiut care trebuie folosit, in functie de ce vrei sa exprimi. Have to fara sa fie verb modal este de multe ori folosit in lolui must.can - a puteacould - a fi in staremay - a avea voiemight - exprima o posibilitatewill - exprima vointawould - exprima o dorinta de a realiza cevamust - trebuieshall - exprima o promisiuneshould - ar trebuiought to - ar trebui

434. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici

1. Nu accepta particula to la infinitiv.To can inseamna a face conserve.Este altceva decat can - a putea.

435. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici

2. Nu au s la prezent persoana a treia:I can draw - Eu pot, stiu sa desenezYou can talk, now - Ai voie (poti), acum sa vorbestiHe can hurt himself up there - Se poate rani acolo sus.She can sing like an angel - Ea poate sa cante ca un ingerWe can trust them - Putem avea incredere in ei.You can go together - Puteti merge impreunaShhh, they can hear you. - Shhh, pot sa te auda.

436. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici

3. Nu au nu au participiu si nici forma cu ing si de aceea au multe timpuri lipsaLa timpurile lipsa ele se inlocuiesc prin alte verbe

can se inlocuieste cu to be able tomay se inlocuieste cu to be allowed tomust se inlocuieste cu to have to

437. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici

4.La fel ca verbul to be verbele modale nu formeaza interogativul folosind verbul to do ci prin inversarea verbului cu subiectul. You can help me - Poti sa ma ajutiCan you help me? - Poti sa ma ajuti

He can hear me. - El poate sa ma auda?Can he hear me? - Poate sa ma auda?

I can come - Pot sa vin (sa fiu acolo).Can I come? - Pot sa vin?

May I? - Imi dai voie?Yes, you may - Da, te las.

I must take this medicine. - Trebuie sa iau acest medicament.Must I take this medicine? - Trebuie sa iau acest medicament?No, you don't have to. - Nu, nu trebuie.

Could you help me? - Ai putea sa ma ajuti?

438. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici

5.Ca si verbul to be ele nu formeaza negativul folosind verbul to do.Yes, I can help you - Da, pot sa te ajut.No, I can not help you. - Nu, nu te pot ajuta

Yes, he can hear you.- Da, el te aude.No, he can not hear you.- Nu, el nu te aude.

You must add the butter - Trebuie sa adaugi untulYou must not devine deobicei shouldn't

439. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici

6.Formele negative deobicei se contracta: can not - can'tcould not - couldn'tmay not - nu se contracta si se foloseste ca raspus la o intrebare cu may. E un raspuns taios, de aceea nu se contracta.might - might not - nu se contractawill - won'twould - wouldn'tmust - mustn'tshall - shan't (nu se foloseste)should - shouldn'tought to - oughtn't (nu se foloseste) I can't hear you - Nu te audThey couldn't come - Ei nu au putut sa vinaNo, you may not talk - Nu nu poti sa vorbesti.He might not know the adress. - S-ar putea sa nu ste adresa.He won't tell the difference - Nu va (putea) vedea diferentaShe wouldn't say that - Ea nu ar spune asa ceva.You mustn't be late - Nu trebuie sa intarziatiThey shouldn't upset him - Ar trebui sa nu il supere

440. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici

7.Sunt urmate de verbe la infinitiv fara to.Chiar atunci cand inlocuite cu alt verbe s-ar pune to (sau of)We want to ride a horse. - Vrem sa calarimWe wish to ride a horse.. - Dorim sa calarimWe are trying to ride a horse. - Incercam sa calarimWe are able to ride a horse. - Suntem in stare sa calarimWe dream of riding a horse. - Visam sa calarimWe think of riding a horse. - Ne gandim sa calarimdarWe can ride a horse. - Putem sa calarimWe could ride a horse. - Am putea sa calarimWe may ride a horse. - Avem voie sa calarimWe might ride a horse. - Exita si posibilitatea sa calarimWe would ride a horse. - Noi am calariWe must ride a horse. - Trebuie sa calarimWe shall ride a horse. - Promitem sa calarimWe should ride a horse. - Ar fi bine sa calarim

441. La prezent se foloseste must/might/could/may/can'tIt's nine, so their train must have left - E 9, deci trenul trebuie sa fi plecat. (Arata ca suntem destul de siguri de afirmatia noastra)It's ten so they might come soon - E 10 deci ar putea veni curand (poate)

It's eleven, they could be lost. - E 11, s-ar putea sa se fi ratacit.(poate)They may have missed the train. - Poate au pierdut trenul(poate).They can't still be at home - Nu mai pot fi acasa (suntem destul de siguri de acest lucru)

442. Folosim will respectiv won't cand suntem foarte siguri de afirmatiile noastre.Observati ca will aici nu are rol de auxiliar in Future Tense. They will be on the train by now. - Ei trebuie sa fie in tren pana la ora astaNo, I won't tell you - Nu, nu iti spun

443. Should respectiv shouldn't se folosesc pentru a face supozitii despre lucruri care dupa cate stim noi asa ar trebui sa fie: They should be here by now - Ar fi trebuit sa fie aici la ora asta.It shouldn't take long - N-ar trebui sa dureze mult

444. Pentru probabilitati se poate folosi can in cazul a ceva posibil la modul general:Train tickets can be expensive. - Biletele de tren pot fi scumpe

445. Cand vorbim de posibilitati specifice folosim couldThey could be stuck in traffic (nu can be) - Ar putea fi blocati in trafic

446. In schimb cand vorbim de trecut, could il inlocuieste pe can. They could have been stuck in traffic (nu could be care este prezentul)- Ar fi putut fi blocati in trafic.

447. Could – se transforma in could be pemtru o posibilitate generala din trecut.Altfel se foloseste could have beenLong ago, people could be happy even without running water.- Demult, oamenii puteau fi fericiti si fara apa curentaHe could have been lost in the woods when I called him and he didn't answer - Putea sa se fii ratacit in padure cand l-am strigat si nu mi-a raspuns.

448. Folosim will have, should have + participiul trecut pentru probabilitati trecute. They will have sold there products yesterday - Ei isi vor fi vandut produsele ieri. (nu prea este folosit)He should have been back yesterday.- Trebuia sa se intoarca de ieri.

449. Urmatoarele verbe modale sunt folosite pentru actiuni din trecut: Must, might, could, may, can't + have + past participleMy dog must have kept you up last night.- Cainele trebuie sa te fi tinut treaz toata noapteaHe might have been hungry - Poate ca ii era foame.He could havr been frightened by something - Poate ca au fost speriati de cevaHe may have been ill - Poate ca era bolnavHe can't have barked for nothing - Nu poate sa fii latrat degeaba.

450. Verbele modale exprima de multe ori putinta de a face ceva. Aceasta este de exemplu abilitatea generala de a face ceva, abilitate care daca este adevarata, este totdeauna adevarata, cum este vorbitul unei limbi straine de exemplu.

Alte abilitati sunt specifice, exista sau nu in anumite momente, cum ar fi sa îsi mentina echilibrul, sau sa aiba destui bani ca sa plateasca ceva.

451. Can sau can't se folosesc si pentru abilitati generale si pentru abilitati specifice. I can ride a bike - Eu pot sa merg cu bicicletaI can pay - Pot eu sa platescHe can't sing because he is hoarse.- Nu putem sa cantam pentru ca el e ragusitWe can't send the letter today. - Nu putem sa trimitem astazi scrisoarea

452. La trecut can/can't cand exprima abilitati generale se transforma in could/couldn't I could ride a bike even in first grade.- Puteam sa merg pe bicicleta chiar si in clasa intaiI could pay all my bills before the crisis - Inainte de criza, puteam sa-mi platesc toate facturile.We couldn't send the letter today - Nu am putut sa trimitem azi scrisorile

453. Pentru abilitati specifice avute in trecut deoarece can nu are forma de trecut se foloseste verbul to be able to anume lui can/can't in acest caz ii corespunde was able to/couldn't When the fire started, because there was no wind, I was able to put it out by myself. - Cand a inceput incendiul, deoarece nu era vant, am putut sa-l sting singur.We couldn't find the lost dog. - Nu am putut sa gasim cainele pierdutI was able to open the door though it was stuck - Am reusit sa deschid usa desi era intepenita

454. Could/couldn't poate reprezenta o abilitate din trecut care nu mai exista in prezent:I could have played the violin but I didn't practice enough.- As fi putut sa cant la vioara, dar nu am exersat destul.We could have come earlier. - Puteam sa venim mai devreme

455. La viitor can/can't devine will be able to/won't be able to in cazul abilitatilor generale I will be able to repair a TV set after those classes. - Voi putea sa repar un televizor, dupa ce urmez cursurile acelea.He won't be able to understand those formulas. - Nu va fi in stare sa inteleaga acele formule.

456. In cazul abilitatii specifice la viitor can/can't ramane can/can't. I can come see you tomorrow - Pot sa vin sa te vad maineI can't take the exam next week.- Nu pot sa dau examenul saptamana viitoare.

457. Verbele modale have to, must, should pot exprima obligatia de a face cevaI have to heep it a secret - Trebuie sa pastrez secretulYou must be polite - Trebuie sa fii politicosYou should speeak louder - Ar trebui sa vorbesti mai tare

458. Have to reprezinta o obligatie puternica, mai ales impusa din afara

Children have to learn to read - Copii trebuie sa invete sa citeascaThe fugitive has to turn himself in. - Fugarul trebuie sa se predea

459. Prin urmare don't have to reprezinta lipsa unei obligatii.

De multe ori se pronunta apasat.Don't have to nu te restrictioneaza de la a face ceva.Inseamna doar ca nu este nevoie, dar daca vrei sa faci este alegerea ta.I don't have to go to college, but I would like to. - Nu trebuie sa merg la facultate, dar mi-ar place

460. Must este de asemeni o obligatie puternica, mai ales cand e venita de la vorbitor. I must clean my room - Trebuie sa-mi fac curat in camera

461. Mustn't sububliniaza ca nu este voie sau ca este o idee proasta. You mustn't cross the street if there is no trafficlight.

462. Should/shouldn't reprezinta o obligatie mai putin stringenta: You should exercise daily - Trebuie sa faci miscare zilnicYou shouldn't quarrel.- Nu trebuie sa va certati

463. La trecut have to/don't have to devine had to / didn’t have to I had to go to bed at nine as a child - Trebuia sa ma culc la noua ca copilI didn't have to rescue the cat, but I wanted to. - Nu eram obligat sa salvez pisica, dar asa am vrut.

464. Must la trecut devine tot had to I had to clean my room last week because my friend was coming over. - A trebuit sa-mi fac curat in camera saptamana trecuta, pentru ca venea in vizita pritenul/prietena mea.

465. Must not la trecut nu exista.

466. Should/ shouldn't devine la trecut should have/shouldn't have si exprima un regret You should have saved some money. - Ar fi trebuit sa economisesti niste baniI shouldn't have yelled at my best friend. - Nu trebuia sa tip la prietenul meu cel mai bun

467. Verbele modale can, could si may pot exprima o permisiune pe care vorbitorul o cere sau o primeste. Can I drive the car? Yes you can/No you can't - Pot(imi dai voie) sa conduc masina? Da, poti/Nu, nu potiCould I borrow this book? Yes you could/No you couldn't- As putea sa imprumut aceasta carte? Da/Nu.May I join you? Yes you may / No you may not.- Pot sa stau cu voi? Da poti/ Nu nu poti.

468. Verbele will si would pot exprima obiceiuri, tabieturi si in acest context de multe ori insotesxc subjonctivul. I would often have a cup of cofee in the morning. - De multe ori beam o cafea dimineataI will always sing in the shower! - Totdeauna voi canta in dus!

469. Intrebari DisjunctiveSunt intrebari care in romana se traduc prin nu-i asa?

Ele insa exprima mai mult si deseori depind de intonatia celui care le pronunta.Se formeaza cu verbe auxiliare sau cu verbe mpddaleYou'll be there, won't you? - Vei fi acolo, nu?You ate all the cake, didn't you! - Ai mancat tot tortul, nu-i asa? (spus cu mare suparare)I can come, can't I? - Pot sa vin si eu, nu? (intrebare capcana)He is so smart isn't he? - E atat de destept, nu-i asa? (entuziasm)He is that smart, is he? - Asa-i de destept, da?(mare indoiala)They lost the money, didn't they? - Au pierdut banii nu? (banuiala sivcera) They lost the money did they? - Au pierdut banii, da?(suspiciune)

470. Formarea de Intrebari Disjunctive

471. Tipul clasic de Intrebare DisjunctivaYou are a movie star, aren't you?

472. Al doilea tip de Intrebari Disjunctive din limbajul vorbit(So), you are a movie star are you?

473. 1.To Awake - Awoke - Awoken: A se treziMy noisy parrot awakes me every morning - Papagalul meu zgomotos ma scoala in fiecare dimineata

474. 2.To Be - Was/Were - Been: A Fi This is my house - Aceasta este casa meaWhere there is a will there is a way - Unde exista o vointa, exista si o caleTwo plus three is 5 - 2 + 3 fac 5

475. 3.To Bear - Bore - Borne: - A purtaI bear all the responsibility for what happened - Eu port toata raspunderea pentru ceea ce s-a intamplat.She bore the basket on her head - Ducea cosul pe capHe bore the pain in silence - El suporta durerea in liniste

476. 4.To Beat - Beat - Beaten - A Bate I beat you at chess! Hahaha! - Te-am batut la sah, hahaha! I beat the carpets monthly - Bat lunar covoarele

477. 5.Become - Became - Become - A deveni

He became the best football coach in the world - A devenit cel mai bun antrenor de fotbal din lumeWhat became of him? - Ce s-a ales de el?Does white become me? - Mi se potriveste albul?

478. 6.Begin - Began - Begun - A incepe I began writing my thesis - Am inceput sa-mi scriu teza de doctoratThis does not even begin to cover the costs - Aceasta nici nu incepe sa acopere costurile

479. 7.Bend - Bent - Bent - A indoi The car door was bent in the accident - Usa de la masina s-a indoit in accidentSome lawyers bend the truth - Unii avocati distorsioneaza adevarulWill you bend the rule a bit, this time? - Vrei sa faci o mica exceptie de la regula, de data asta?

480. 8.Bet - Bet - Bet - A pune pariu That is the horse I bet my money on - Acesta e calul pe care mi-am pariat banii.Your best bet is to see a lawyer - Cea mai buna solutie e sa mergi la un avocatI bet you'll like the trip - Pun pariu ca o sa-ti placa calatoria

481. 9.Bid - Bid - Bid - A oferi un pretLet the bidding begin - Sa inceapa ofertele de pret!He bid the kind family farewell - Si-a luat la revedere de la familia buna la inima.

482. 10.Bind - Bound - Bound - A lega (sfori, carti etc) Serfs in the Middle Ages were bound to the land - Iobagii din Evul Mediu erau legati de pamantThe villagers bound up the robber - Satenii l-au legat pe hot

483. 11.Bite - Bit - Bitten - A musca He was bitten by 22 cats and a kitten - A fost muscat de 22 de pisici si un pisoi.He bit the bait - A muscat din momealaA mosqito bit me - M-a ciupit un tantar

484. 12.Bleed - Bled - Bled - A sangera His nose was bleeding - Ii curgea sange din nas.The color of the shirt bled into the other fabrics and now everything is brown - Culoarea de la camasa s-a raspandit in celalte materiale si acum totul e maroniu

485. 13.Blow - Blew - Blown - A sufla The wind blew his hat off - Vantul i-a luat palariaBlow your nose! she said to her little boy. - Sufla-ti nasul! a spus ea baietelului ei.The bomb almost blew up in my face! - Bomba aproape ca mi-a explodat in fata!He blew out the candles - A stins lumanarile (sufland in ele)

486. 14.Break - Broke - Broken - A (se) sparge, A se sticaHe broke the vase! - A spart vaza!He broke his arm! - Si-a rupt mana!The TV is broke. - Televizorul e stricat.

He broke the world record - A depasit recordul mondialHe broke the law - A incalcat legeaThey broke up - S-au despartit.We'll break for cofee. - Vom face o pauza de cafea.

487. 15.Bring - Brought - Brought - A aduceI brought supplies for the troops - Am adus provizii pentru trupeThe enemy was brought to his knees - Dusmanul a fost infrant(ingenuncheat)The quarrel brought out the worst in him - Cearta a scos la iveala toate caracteristicile lui negativeHe brought it upon himself - Si-a facut-o cu mana lui.It was brought to my attention - Mi s-a semnalat

488. 16.Build - Built - Built - A construi The house was built around 1850 - Casa a fost construita in jur de 1850The house had a shelf built-in the wall. - Casa avea un raft incorpoat in perete

489. 17.Burn - Burnt/Burned - Burnt/Burned - A arde He burns all his letters - Isi arde toate scrisorileHis job is burning him out - Slujba il epuizeaza

490. 18.Burst - Burst - Burst - A plesni, a fi plin ochi, a izbucni The kid was bursting with energy - Copilul plesnea de energieThe balloon burst from the heat - Balonul a explodat de la caldura.The crowd burst out laughing - Multimea a izbucnit in ras.He burst out the door - A iesit cu putere (a izbucnit) pe usa.

491. 19.Buy - Bought - Bought - A cumparaI bought a new refridgerator - Am cumparat un frigider nou.He didn't buy my excuse - Nu a acceptat scuza meaGoing by taxi will buy you some time - Daca mergi cu taxi-ul mai castigi niste timp.

492. 20.Cast - Cast - Cast - A arunca (doar anumite lucruri, multe din ele nautice) He cast a glance - A aruncat o privireThe sea cast them to shore - Marea i-a aruncat la tarmThe fisherman cast his net - Pescarul si-a aruncat plasa de pescuit in apaThe fishermat cast the fishing line into the sea - Pescarul si-a aruncat FIRUL de pescuit in apaThis certainly casts some doubt over his innocence - Aceasta arunca cu siguranta o indoiala asupra nevinovatiei lui.In the summer, I like sitting in the long shadow cast by the tower - Vara imi place sa stau la umbra aruncata de turn.

493. Catch - Caught - Caught - A prinde He caught the ball - A prins mingea.He caught a cold - A racitHe was caught stealing - A fost prins furandHe caught the bus - A prins autobuzulI didn't catch all you said - Nu am prins tot ce ai spus

494. 22.Choose - Chose - Chosen - A alege She was chosen for the team - A fost aleasa in echipaYou may leave if you choose - Poti pleca, daca doresti.I cannot choose to stand aside - Nu pot sa aleg sa n ma implic.

495. 23.Clap - Clapped/Clapt - Clapped/Clapt - A bate din palme, a incropi The children were clapping their hands - Copii bateau din palmeThey clapped up a garage - Au incropit un garaj

496. 24.Cling - Clung - Clung - A se agata, a se tine strans The bus passengers were clinging to the seats in front during the bumpy ride. - Pasagerii autobuzului se tineau de scaunele din fata in timpul calatoriei cu denivelari.They cling to old-fashioned ideas. - Ei se agata de idei invechite

497. 25.Clothe - Clad/Clothed - Clad/Clothed - A imbraca (cuvant vechi) The queen was clothed in gold and silver - Regina era imbracata in aur si argintTrees clothed in a rainbow of colors - Copaci imbracati intr-un curcubeu de culori)

498. 26.Come - Came - Come - A veni Come see me! - Vino sa ma vezi!They came to a conclusion - Au ajuns la o concluzieMy family comes first - Familia mea e prima ca prioritateThe project is coming along very well - Proiectul inainteaza foarte bine.A wrench would come in handy - Un cleste ar fi utilIt's all coming back to me now. - Incep sa imi amintesc totul

499. 27.Cost - Cost - Cost - A costa How much does asparagus cost? - Cat costa sparanghelulIt almost cost me my life - Aproape ca m-a costat viata

500. 28.Creep - Crept - Crept - A se tara A spider was creeping up the wall - Un paianjen se urca pe pereteDepression can creep up on you - Depresia poate sa te cuptinda pe nesimtite

501. 29.Cut - Cut - Cut - A taia He cut the apple in two - A taiat marul in douaI have to cut my hair - Trebuie sa ma tundThat child sometimes cuts class - Copilul acela cateodata chiulesteThat paragraph was cut out - Acel paragraf a fost scosHe cut in line in front of me - A intrat in fata mea, peste randHe was cut off from the will - A fost scos din testamentI'm not cut out to be a hero. - Nu sunt facut sa fiu erou

502. 30.Dare - Dared - Dared - a provoca, a indrazni I dare you to jump from the tree - Te provoc sa sari din copacWhy would I dare do something as silly as that - De ce as indrazni sa fac ceva atat de necugetat?

503. 31.Deal - Dealt - Dealt - A se ocupa de, a avea de-a face cu, a face afacei, a imparti carti de joc He deals with a lot everyday - Se ocupa de multe lucruri zilnic.As a teacher she deals with many parents - Ca profesoara are de-a face cu multi parintiHe deals used cars - El vinde masini uzate

504. 32.Dig - Dug - Dug - A sapaI want to dig up my garden this spring - Vreau sa imi sap gradina in primavara astaDon't dig your nails into my arm like that! - Nu-ti mai baga unghiile in bratul meu!He dug up a treasure!Unbelivable! - A scos din pamant o comoara! Formidabil!

505. 33.Dive - Dived/Dove - Dived He dived into the crowd - A plonjat in multimeHe dived into the ocean waves - A plonjat in valurile oceanului

506. 34.Do - Did - Done - A faceThe boy did his homework - Baiatul si-a facut temeleHe did the dishes - El a spalat vaseleHe always does his duty - El totdeauna isi face datoriaThere is still a lot to do - Mai sunt multe de facutWhat do you do for a living? - Cu ce te ocupi?Do your best, leave the rest - Fa totul cat mai bine, nu te deranja de altcevaShe does her hair every morning - Isi face parul in fiecare dimineataHe did jail time for car theft - A facut puscarie pentru furt de masiniDo as the teacher says - Fa cum iti spune profesoaraA ham sandwich would do nicely - Un sendvis cu sunca ar merge bineThat should do it - Asta rezolva problemaI could do without this - As trai si fara asta (spus de ceva care te deranjeaza)

507. 35.Draw - Drew - Drawn - A desenaHe can't draw - El nu poate sa desenezeI will draw the conclusions - Voi prezenta concluziile.They still draw water from a fountain - Ei inca scot apa din fantana.The nurse came to draw blood - Asistenta medicala a venit sa ia sangeIf you wear a turban you will draw attention - Daca porti un turban ai sa atragi atentie

508. 36.Dream - Dreamt/Dreamed - Dreamt/Dreamed - A visa I dream of going to Hawaii - Visez sa merg in HawaiiLast night, I dreamed I was flying over the moon - Azi noapte am visat ca zburam deasupra lunii.

509. 37.Drink - Drank - Drunk - A bea I drink a cup of milk in the morning - Dimineata beau un pahar de lapte.I sat in the forest, and drank in the beauty around me. - Am stat in padure si am absorbit frumusetea din jur.

510. 38.Drive - Drove - Driven - A conduce He drives a taxi - El conduce un taxiShe'll be driving six white horses - Ea va conduce sase cai albi.

The enemy was driven out of the country - Inamicul a fost izgonit din taraHe drives me crazy - Ma innebunesteWater drives the turbine - Apa pune in miscare turbinaWhat are you driving at? - Unde bati?

511. 39.Eat - Ate - Eaten - A manca I love eating spaghetti and cheese - Im place sa mananc spaghetti cu branzaRust ate away the pillars of the old bridge - Rugina a mancat stalpii vechiului pod.Ehat's eating you? - Ce te roade?

512. 40.Fall - Fell - Fallen - A cadea When the apple fell, Newton discovered gravity - Cand a cazut marul Newton a descoperit gravitatiaaLondon bridge is falling down - Podul Londrei se prabuseste (incetul cu incetul)Night falls earlier in winter. - Noaptea vine mai devreme iarnaThe knight fell in love with the beautiful princess - Cavalerul s-a indragostit de frumoasa printesaThe peasant fell to his knees when the heavenly light shone upon him - Taranul a cazut in genunchi atunci cand lumina divina s-a varsat asupra lui.My eyes fell on a letter he had on his desk - Ochii mi-au cazut pe o scrisoare de pe biroul luiWhen I told him the stock market crashed, his face fell - Cand i-am spus ca bursa a cazut, i-au cazut trasaturile.When does Easter fall this year? - Cand cade Pastele anul acesta? A lot of rain has fallen this spring. - A plouat mult in primavara asta.The governement fell - A cazut guvernulIf you don't study you'll fall behind - Daca nu studiezi vei ramane in urmaThis cottage is falling apart - Casuta asta se darama (incetul cu incetul)

513. 41.Feed - Fed - Fed - A hrani I need somebody to feed my chickens, said Sfanta Vineri. - Am nevoie de cineva care sa-mi hraneasca puii, spuse Sfanta Vineri.This region alone feeds the towns around it. - Aceasta regiune singura hraneste orasekle din jur.

514. 42.Feel - Felt - Felt - A simti Do you feel the spirit of Christmas in the air? - Simti in aer spritul Craciunului?I felt my heart sink - Am simtit cum mi-a cazut inima.I felt her little hand tugging at my skirt - I-am simtit maina mica tragandu-ma de fustaA blind man sees by feeling with his hands - Cineva orb vede pipaind cu mainile.I feel for you - Te inteleg, sunt alaturi de tine.

515. 43.Fight - Fought - Fought - A se bate, a se certa We will fight to the death - Ne vom bate pana la moarteMy neighbors fight all the time - Vecinii mei se cearta tot timpulHe was fighting off a swarm of flies - Usuia de pe el un roi de musteThe child fought back tears - Copilul si-a luptat sa nu planga

516. 44.Find - Found - Found - A gasi

I need to find my cat - Trebuie sa-mi gasesc pisicaWill I ever find happiness? - Voi gasi vreodata fericirea?I find this story to be far-fetced. - Mi se pare aceasta poveste, exagerata.Stop finding fault with me! - Nu imi mai tot gasi cusururi!

517. 45.Fit - Fit/Fitted - Fit/Fitted - A potrivi Can you fit into this dress? - Te incape rochia asta>I can't fit these shoes into the box. - Nu reusesc sa bag acesti pantofi in cutie.This fall scenery fits my mood - Aceasta priveliste de toamna se potriveste cu starea mea de spirit

518. 46.Flee - Fled - Fled - A fugi (dar nu a alerga de placere) They tried to flee the country - Au incercat sa fuga din taraThe robber fled from the house with the police at his heels - Hotul a fugit din casa cu politia dupa elHe fled the scene of the crime - A fugit de la locul crimei.

519. 47.Fling - Flung - Flung - A arunca He flung himself in a chair - S-a aruncat intr-un scaun.David flung a stone at Goliath - David a aruncat cu o piatra in GoliathHe flung up his arms in hopelessness - Si-a aruncat bratele in sus in disperare.

520. 48.Fly - Flew - Flown - A zbura A happy parrot flew high into the sky - Uu papagal fericit s-a inaltat sus in cer.He flew over the North Pole - A zburat peste Polul NordThe ship flew the Romanian flag - Vaporul arbora drapelul romanesc.Splinters were flying everywhere - Aschii zburau peste tot.

521. 49.Forbid - Forbade/Forbad - Forbidden - A interzice I forbid you to go! - Iti interzic sa te duciGod forbid! - Doamne fereste!

522. 50.Foresee - Foresaw - Foreseen - A prevedea( He did not foresee that - Nu s-a asteptat la astaAn unforeseen storm hit the Gulf of Mexico. - O furtuna neasteptata a lovit Golful Mexic

523. 51.Foretell - Foretold - Foretold - A prevesti Nostradamus foretold many future events - Nostradamus a prevesit multe evenimente viitoare

524. 52.Forget - Forgot - Forgotten - A uita An elephant never forgets - Un elefant nu uita niciodata

525. 53.Forgive - Forgave - Forgiven - A ierta Forgive me for asking: How old are you? - Iarta-ma ca te intreb: Cati ani ai?He forgave the burglar - El l-a iertat pe hptThey say to forgive and forget is a wise idea - Se spune ca a ierta si a uita e o idee inteleapta.

526. 54.Forsake - Forsook - Forsaken - A uita de, a abandonaSomeday, this God forsaken land will grow more than weeds. - Intr-o zi, acest pamant uitat de Dumnezeu va creste si altceva in afara de buruieni.

527. 55.Freeze - Froze - Frozen - A ingheta That lake freezes in the winter - Lacul acela ingheata iarnaHe froze in his tracks when he saw the bear - A inlemnit in cale cand a vazut ursul.My computer froze, it needs rebooted - Computerul nu mai merge, trebuie repornit.He froze in front of the camera - A inlemnit in fata aparatului de filmat.

528. 56.Get - Got - Got/Gotten - A primi, a intelegeI got a puppy for my friend - Am luat un catelus pentru prietenul meuI got The Three Musketeers from the library - Am luat "Cei 3 Muschetari" de la biblioteca.How do you get there? - Cum ajungi acolo?I don't get it - Nu intelegGet a haircut - Tunde-te!I got off at the wrong station - M-am dat jos la alta statie (decat trebuia)I got on the next train - M-am suit in urmatorul trenEveryday I get to school at 8 in the morning - In fiecare zi ajung la scoala la 8 dimineataI will stay at home because I got the flu - Voi sta acasa fiindca sunt racitI didn't get your name when we were introduced. - Nu ti-am retinut numele cand am fost prezentatiWe've got a little cabin in the mountains - Avem o mica cabana in muntiI hope I got my point across - Sper ca m-am facut intelesWord got around. - Stirea s-a raspanditThey barely get by - Abia se descurca cu baniiGetting back to the subject - Intorcandu-ne la subiectLet's get to the subject - Hai sa ajungem la subiectLet's get down to work - Hai sa ne apucam de treaba. Don't get into trouble - Nu da de vreo beleaGet out of here - Iesi afara de aici!The whole family got together last week - Intreaga familie s-a adunat saptamana trecutaWe get along well - Ne intelegem bine.I get up at six - Ma scol la 6.

529. 57.Give - Gave - Given - A da We gave the waiter a tip - I-am dat chelnerului un bacsisHe gave me a pencil/a car/a house/a drink ... - Mi-a dat un creion/o masina/o casa/o bautura...Give me an example/your word/a piece of advice... - Mi-a dat un exemplu/cuvantul lui/un sfat...He gave me a nod - Mi-a facut semn din capGive him my best wishes. - Transmite-i toate urarile mele de bine.He gave his life - Si-a dat viataHe gave out a scream - A tipatHe gave a party - A dat o petrecereHe gives me the creeps - Imi da fiori.(Ma inspaimanta)

A cow gives milk - O vaca da lapteHe gave me a wink - Mi-a facut cu ochiul.Those doors give onto the garden - Acele usi dau in gradinaHe gave me back my binoculars - Mi-a dat inapoi binoclulHe finally gave in to my insistance - In sfarsit a cedat insistentelor meleThe cow gave out a deep Moo - Vaca a scos un Moo adancThe robber gave himself up - Hotul s-a predatI gave up looking for buried treasures - Am reuntat sa mai caut comori ingropate

530. 58.Go - Went - Gone - A pleca, a merge, a se duceI go by bus - Ma duc cu autobuzulGo away! - Pleaca de aici!He went on and on about how unfair this is - A vorbit intruna ce nedreapta e situatiaI am going to do this - Voi face acest lucruHe went mad - A innebunitThat book goes there - Cartea aceea merge acoloOrange and green go well together It goes without saying - Se subintelegeAll these rugs have to go - Toate aceste covoare trebuie sa disparaHow are things going? - Cum merg lucrurileI go: Whaaat? - Zic: Ceee?As time goes by I like this house more - Cu trecerea timpului imi place mai mult casa asta.Can I go in there? - Pot sa intru acolo? Let's go out! - Hai sa iesim!

531. 59.Grind - Ground - Ground - A macina Grind the wheat at the mill! - Macina-ti graul la moara!He would grind his teeth - Scrasnea din dinti

532. 60.Grow - Grew - Grown - A creste My apple tree is growing nicely - Marul meu creste frumosThe suspense was growing every minute - Suspansul crestea din clipa in clipaHe grows a beard - Isi lasa barbaHe grows chickens - Creste puiThe days grow shorter - Zilele se scurteazaNights grow longer - Noptile se lungesc. He grew up - S-a facut mare.

533. 61.Hang - Hung/Hanged - Hung/Hanged - A atarna, a spanzura Hang - Hung - Hung - verb neregulat inseamna a atarnaHang - Hanged - Hanged - verb regulat inseamna a spanzuraI will hang the painting in the livingroom - Voi atarna tabloul in sufragerieHe will hang at dawn - Va fi spanzurat la rasaritul soarelui.He hung his head in shame - Si-a lasat capul in jos de rusineWe hung out together in highschool - Ieseam impreuna in liceu.

534. 62.Have - Had - Had - A aveaI have a car - Am o masinaCan I have some mashed potatoes - Pot sa iau niste piure? May I have a look? - Pot sa arunc o privire?

I had a talk with him. - Am avut o discutie cu el.Let's have a party! - Hai sa dam o petrecere!I had a good time - M-am distrat bine.I must have breakfast/lunch etc first - Intai trebuie sa mananc de dimineata/pranz etc.They have 2 children - Ei au 2 copiiShe had a baby. - A nascut.This has nothing to do with you - Aceasta treaba nu are legatura cu tine.

535. 63.Hear - Heard - Heard - A auziDo you hear what I hear? - Auzi ce aud eu?I heard Mary has a little lamb - Am auzit ca Mary are un mielut.I won't hear of it! - Nici nu vreau sa aud!Please, hear me out - Te rog asculta si ce am eu de spus!

536. 64.Hide - Hid - Hidden - A (se) ascundeThe rabbit was hiding from the fox - Iepurele era ascuns de vulpeOutlaws hid in dark forests - Haiducii se ascundeau in paduri intunecate

537. 65.Hit - Hit - Hit - A (se) lovi He hit the table with his fist - A lovit cu pumnul in masaI hit my thumb when hammering a nail - M-am lovit la degul mare pe cand bateam un cui.The bullet hit the target - Glontul a lovit tintaThe company was hit hard by the recession - Firma a fost greu lovita de recesiune.

538. 66.Hold - Held - Held - A (se) tine He held the book on his knees - Tinea cartea pe genunchiHe held on to the handrail - S-a tinut de balustradaHe held his breath - Si-a tinut respiratiaLet's see what the future holds. - Sa vedem ce ne rezerva viitorulHe held his tongue - Si-a tinut limba

539. 67.Hurt - Hurt - Hurt - A durea, a se lovi My head/stomach/arm/tooth etc hurts - Ma doare capul/stomacul/bratul/dintele etcHis words hurt - Cuvintele lui m-au durutIt never hurts to be polite - Niciodata nu strica sa fii politicos.

540. 68.Keep - Kept - Kept - A tine, a pastra He kept coming back into the store - Se tot intorcea in magazin.She keeps parrots - Ea creste papagaliKeep the children quiet. - Fa-i pe copii sa taca.Keep safe on the road - Stai (pastreaza-te) in siguranta pe drum.Can you keep a secret? - Poti sa tii un secret?This project will keep him busy - Acest proiect il va tine ocupatI keep records of all spendings - Tin evidente pentru toate cheltuielile.Keep your voice down - Vorbeste incet.Keep up the good work - Continua munca cea buna.He keeps to himself - E retras.

541. 69.Kneel - Knelt/Kneeled - Knelt/Kneeled - A ingenunchea

He kneeled beside his sick dog - A ingenuncheat langa cainele sau bolnav.

542. 70.Knit - Knit/Knitted - Knit/Knitted His grandmother would knit beautiful sweaters. - Bunica lui impletea pulovere frumoase.

543. 71.Know - Knew - Known - A sti, a cunoaste. He knows many poems - El stie multe poezii.I know you - Te cunosc.I have known him for a long time. - Il cunosc demultYou never know what might happen - Niciodata nu stii ce s-ar putea intampla.

544. 72.Lay - Laid - Laid - A puneHe wante to lay down and rest - Vroia sa se intinda ca sa se odihneasca.He laid the table - A pus masaHe laid the bedspread upon the bed - A pus cuvertura pe pat.He laid thick coats of paint. - A dat straturi groase de vopsea.If he lays a finger on my dog I will sue - Daca face vreun rau cainelui meu il dau in judecata.My hen lays big eggs. - Gaina mea face oua mari.

545. 73.Lead - Led - Led - A conduce He led his army to victory - Si-a condus armata pana la victorie.The trail led them to the famous cave - Drumul i-a condus la celebra pestera.He led the way when the children crossed the street. - El i-a condus (a stat in fata lor) cand copiii au traversat stradaHe leads an interesting life - El duce o viata interesanta

546. 74.Lean - Leant/Leaned - Leant/Leaned - A se inclina, a se sprijini The leaning tower of Pisa started to be built in 1172. - Turnul inclinat din Pisa a inceput sa fie construit in 1172.He leans on me for help - Se sprijina de mine sa il ajut.He leaned against the wall in pain - S-a sprijinit de perete datorita durerii.

547. 75.Leap - Leapt/Leaped - Leapt/Leaped - A sari (ca o lacusta si in sus) With the bull right behind him, the man leaped over the wall - Cu taurul in urma lui, barbatul a trecut peste zid dintr-o sarituraHe learns by leaps and bounds - Invata in salturi.He leaped at the chance to go to Tokyo - A actionat imediat pentru sansa de aq merge la Tokyo

548. 76.Learn - Learnt/Learned - Learnt/Learned - A invata, a afla I learned Chinese - Am invatat chinezesteHe lerned he was broke - A aflat ca nu mai are nici un ban

549. 77.Leave - Left - Left - A pleca, a lasa He left in a hurry - A plecat in grabaHe left me a note - Mi-a lasat un bilet.Because he was late, he was left out of the game. - Deoarece a intarziat, a fost omis din meci.

Do your best, leave the rest - Fa totul cat mai bine, lasa restul(alte framantari).Leave me alone! - Lasa-ma-n pace!The train leaves at 9. - Trenul pleaca la 9. Anne left Bill - Anne l-a parasit pe Bill.

550. 78.Lend - Lent - Lent - A imprumuta He lent me a book - Mi-a imprumutat o carteWe are building a house. Can you lend us a hand? - Construim o casa. Poti sa ne ajuti?

551. 79.Let - Let - Let - A lasa He will let the parrot out of the cage - A lasat papagalul afara din cuscalet a greater than b - Fie a mai mare ca bLet him in. - Lasa-l sa intreLet us pray - Sa ne rugam.I can't drive a car let alone a bus - Nu pot sa conduc o masina, darmite un autobuzDon't let me down! - Nu ma dezamagi.

552. 80.Lie - Lay - Lain - A sta culcat

A nu se confunda cu to lie care inseamna a minti Saturday morning, I like to lie in bed - Sambata dimineata imi place sa stau culcat in pat.You left the book lying on the floor - Ai last cartea pe podea.Constanta lies on the Black Sea coast -Constanta se afla pe tarmul Marii Negre.Here lies Mihail Eminescu - Aici, se odihneste EminescuIf I lay low maybe the bear won't find me - Daca stau pitit poate ca ursul nu ma va gasi.I laid out a wonderful plan - Am conceput un plan grozav.

553. 81.Light - Lit - Lit - A aprinde Light a fire! - Fa un foc!I lit the lamp - Am aptins lampaHer face lights up when she hears of her home town.Because of the drought the forest lit up - Datorita secetei padurea a luat foc.

554. 82.Lose - Lost - Lost - A pierde I lost my wallet - Mi-am pierdut portofelulHe got lost in the city - S-a ratacit in oras.He lost his job last week. - Si-a pierdut slujba saptamana trecuta.He loses his temper too easily - Isi pierde cumpatul prea usor.I must lose weight - Trebuie sa slabesc.

555. 83.Make - Made - Made - A face, a produce The baby was making a lot of noise - Copilul mic facea mult zgomot.The carpenter made a table - Tamplarul a facut o masaHe made a mistake in these calculations. - A facut o greseala in aceste calculeI'm making lunch - Pregatesc pranzulHe made the bed - A facut patulHe made a phone call - A dat un telefonHe barely made it - A ajuns in ultima clipa.

2 and 4 make 6 - 2 si cu 4 fac 6.He made up with his friend - S-a impacat cu prietenul sau.He made off with the money - A plecat cu banii.

556. 84.Mean - Meant - Meant - A insemna What do you mean? - Ce vrei sa spui?He didn't mean it - N-a vorbit serios (N-a vrut sa te jigneasca.What does this word mean? - Ce inseamna acest cuvant?How do you mean to find him? - Cum ai de gand sa-l gasesti.This means war! - Acest lucru inseamna razboi! (adica acest lucru m-a suparat foarte tare)Your support means a lot to me - Sprijinul tau are mare importanta pentru mine.

557. 85.Meet - Met - Met - A (se) intalni Lets meet at 8 - Hai sa ne intalnim la 8. He did not meet all the required conditions - El nu indeplinea toate conditiile cerute.Our project met the committee's approval.The horizon is an illusion. Land never meets sky. - Orizontul e o iluzie. Pamantul nu intalneste cerul niciodata

558. 86.Melt - Melted - Molten/Melted - A (se) topi

Dupa cum se vede, numai Molten e o forma neregulataMolten lava - lava topitaMolten iron - fier topitetc

559. 87.Mistake - Mistook - Mistaken - A lua ceva drept altceva

Mistake inseamna gresealaInsa a gresi = to make a mistake

Se foloseste cu forOh I'm sorry. I mistook you for somebody else - O, iarta-ma te-am luat drept altcinevaI mistook him for a beggar - Am crezut ca e cersetor

560. 88.Mow - Mowed - Mown - A tunde iarba I have to mow the lawn - Trebuie sa tund gazonul

561. 89.Pay - Paid - Paid - A plati Wait till I go pay - Asteapta pana ma duc sa platesc.I paid a lot for the car. - Am dat mult pe masinaIt pays good interest. - Da dobanda buna.It pays to work hard - Da rezultate munca grea.Can you pay off your debts - Poti sa iti platesti datoriile.

562. 90.Prove - Proved - Proven/Proved - A (se) dovedi, a demonstra

Proved se foloseste ca verb, proven ca adjectiv.

I have proved this, so now it is a proven fact - Am dovedit aceasta asa ca acum e un fapt doveditThe party proved to be a succes - Petrecerea s-a dovedit a fi de succes.I proved this theorem - Am demonstrat aceasta teorema<>br>

563. 91.Put - Put - Put - A pune Put that book back where it belongs - Pune cartea inapoi unde-i e loculI have to put my coat on - Trebuie sa-mi pun haina pe mine.Can I put(sau ask) a question? - Pot sa pun o intrebare?' Bluntly put, my answer is NO - Pe scurt raspunsul meu e nu.Stop putting this off! - Nu mai amana!Put out that fire first, it's dangerous - Intai stinge focul acela, e periculos.I am finished putting up with him! - Am terminat sa il mai rabd!

564. 92.Quit - Quit - Quit - A-si da demisia, a renunta I quit my job - Mi-am dat demisiaI quit smoking - Am renuntat la fumat.

565. 93.Read - Read - Read - A citi I learned to read at 5 - Am invatat sa citesc la 5 ani.You read my mind - Mi-ai citit gandurileI wouldn't read to much into that - Eu n-as interpreta asta ca insemnand prea mult.The ammeter reads 10amps - Ampermetrul indica 10 amperi.Read out the rules - Citeste cu voce tare regulileI need to read up on my history - Trebuie sa-mi improspatez cunostintele de istorie.

566. 94.Rid - Rid/Ridded - Rid/Ridded - A scapa de The candidate promised to rid the city of stray dogs. - Candidatul a promis sa scape cainele de caini vagabonzi.He's rid of his debts - A scapat de datorii.

567. 95.Ride - Rode - Ridden - A calari, a merge cu un mijloc de transport He rode away into the sunset - A calarit pierzandu-se in lumina apusului de soare.She rides a tan horse - Ea calareste un cal bej.He rides the bus to work - Merge cu autobuzul la serviciu.She loves riding a bike - Ei ii place sa mearga pe bicicleta.

568. 96.Ring - Rang - Rung - A suna Ring me up! - Suna-ma! What he says rings true - Ce spune el suna adevarat.The doorbell is ringing - E cineva la usa (Soneria suna)The classroom rang with laughter - Clasa a rasunat de rasete

569. 97.Rise - Rose - Risen - A se ridica

To rise e numai a se ridicaTo raise (verb regulat) e a ridicaThe sun rises in the east - Soarele se ridica in est.Hot air balloons were rising in the sky during the festivities - Baloanele cu aer cald se ridicau in cer in timpul festivitatilor.Inflation causes prices to rise - Inflatia face ca preturile sa creasca.

The preacher's voice rose till it sounded like thunder - Vocea predicatorului a crescut pana a devenit ca un trasnet.I saw a thin column of smoke rising in the distince - Am vazut o coloana subtire de fum ridicandu-se in departare.He rose from his seat with difficulty - S-a sculat de pe scaun cu dificultate.The city of Warsaw rose from the ashes after WW2 - Orasul Varsovia s-a ridicat din cenusa dupa razboi.

570. 98.Run - Ran - Run - A alerga, a merge (despre aparate), a conduce, a candida He ran the whole marathon - A alergat intreg maratonulHe wants to run for president - Vrea sa candideze la presedentie.The TV runs all day - Televizorul sta aprins toata ziua.The rehearsal ran from 3pm to 8pm. - Repetitia a tinut de la 3 la 8 dupa masa.The scientist was running a six month experiment- Savantul desfasura un experiment cu durata de sase luni.It seems you've run out of luck, we have no more umbrellas - Se pare ca te-a lasat norocul, nu mai avem umbrele.

571. 99.Saw - Sawed - Sawn/Sawed - A taia cu fierastraul I always saw off the Christmas tree branches before getting rid of it - Totdeauna tai ramurile la brad inainte sa ma descotorosesc de el.

572. 100. Say - Said - Said - A spune Say something - Zi ceva"I made a mistake!" "I'll say" - "Am gresit!" "Si inca cum"Let's say it's so - Sa spunem ca asa e.

573. 101.See - Saw - Seen - A vedea, a intelege I see an eagle in the sky - Vad un vultur pe cerI see what your saying. - Inteleg ce spui.I see her as the leader - O vad pe ea in postul de conducatorPlease see what they want - Te rog sa vezi ce vor.He is seeing somebody - Se vede cu cinevaThe doctor will see you now - Poti intra in cabinetul doctorului.See that they do it right - Vezi sa faca treaba bine.He had to see the ruins for himself - A trebuit sa vada ruinele cu ochii lui.Please see the guests to the door - Te rog condu-i pe musafiri.

574. 102.Seek - Sought - Sought - A cauta I'll go seek help - Ma duc sa caut ajutorHe is seeking employment - Cauta o slujba?

575. 103.Sell - Sold - Sold - A (se) vinde I want to sell the house - Vreau sa vand casaApples don't sell so well anymore - Merele nu se mai vand asa de bine.He was sold on the idea of a rooftop garden - I-a placut ideea unei gradini pe acoperis.

576. 104.Send - Sent - Sent - A trimite

He sent me a letter - Mi-a trimis o scrisoareThey sent the children to boarding school - Au trimis copiii la internatThe football player sent the ball out of the field - Jucatorul de fotbal a trimis mingea in afara terenului.I was sent for, wasn't I? - Am fost chemat(a), nu?

577. 105.Set - Set - Set - A aseza, a aranja He set the statuette on the table - A pus statueta pe masaHe set the house on fire - A dat foc la casaI set the alarm clock at 8 - Am pus ceasul sa sune la 8He must set the table by 6 - Trebuie sa puna masa pana in ora 6.It's all set - Totu-i aranjat.You must set a good example for your little sister - Trebuie sa fii un model pentru sora ta mai mica.The sun sets at 8. - Soarele apune la 8.Set apart the clothes you will need - Aseaza deoparte hainele de care vei avea nevoie.Let me set forth my ideas - Lasa-ma sa-ti prezint ideile mele.His smoking set off the fire detector - Fumatul lui a pornit detectorul de incendii.I set up shop in town - Mi-am ridicat un magazin in oras.

578. 106.Sew - Sewed - Sewn/Sewed - A coaseHe is sewing the hem of his pants - El isi coase tivul la pantaloni.

579. 107.Shake - Shook - Shaken - A tremura, a scutura

To shiver with cold - A tremura de frig.The hunter started shaking when he saw the lion. - Vanatorul a inceput sa tremure cand a vazut leul.The night the earth shook - Noaptea cand pamantul s-a zguduit.To shake hands - A da mana.;br: She shook the tambourine and the music played - Ea scutura We shook hands on it - Ne-am inteles

580. 108.Shave - Shaved - Shaven/Shaved - A (se) rade He shaved his mustache this morning - Si-a ras mustata in dimineata asta.He shaved the wood carefullz - A dat cu atentie lemnul la rindea.

581. 109.Shed - Shed - Shed - A pierde (par, kilograme, lacrimi etc)

A pierde ceva e to loseHe shed tears in silence - Plangea in linisteWhat you said shed some light on this mystery. - Ceea ce mi-ai spus a aruncat putina lumina asupra acestui mister.The oaktree has shed its leaves. - Stejarul s-a lepadat de frunze.Mz dog's hair is shedding - Cainelui meu ii cade par din blana.

582. 110.Shine - Shone - Shone - A straluci Moonlight shone on the forest path - Lumina lunii stralucea pe cararea din padureThe happiness that shone in his ezes said it all - Bucuria care-i stralucea in ochi era graitoare.

583. 111.Shoe - Shod - Shod - A (se) incalta

Uzual pentru a se incalta e to put on one's shoesWho is going to shoe your pretty little feet? - Cine-ti va incalta piciorusele?He shoes horses - E potcovar

584. 112.Shoot - Shot - Shot - A impusca I shot the sheriff - L-am impuscat pe serif.Peter shot an angrz look at him - Peter i-a aruncat o privire suparata.Water shot out of the pipe - A tasnit apa din teava.Pain shot through my arm - O durere m-a sagetat in brat

585. 113.Show - Showed - Shown - A arata He showed me his stamp collection - Mi-a aratat colectia lui de timbre.He showed them to the door. - I-a condus la usa.What's showing at the movies this week? - Ce film ruleaza saptamana asta?You didn't show up for rehearsal. - Nu ai venit la repetitii.

586. 114.Shrink - Shrank - Shrunk - A se micsora People shrink with age - Cu varsta, oamenii se fac mai mici de inaltimeI want to shrink this photo, and keep it in my purse + Vreau sa micsorey aceasta fotografie si sa o tin in poseta.The lake shrank because of the draught - Lacul s-a micsorat datorita secetei.

587. 115.Shut - Shut - Shut - A inchideShut up! - Taci din gura!Please shut the door - Te rog inchide usaThe electricitz is shut off. - Curentul e oprit.The health inspectors shut down the store - Inspectorii de sanatate au inchis magazinulThey shut off the radioactive plant - Au inchis (si au izolat) uyina radioactiva.

588. 116.Sing - Sang - Sung - A canta She sings in the choir - Ea canta la corLet's sing a song - Hai sa cantam un cantecHappy birds are singing in the skz - Pasari fericite canta in cer.

589. 117.Sink - Sank - Sunk - A (se) scufunda The battleship has been sunk! - Cuirasatul a fost scufundatHis heart sank at the news - I s-a prabusit inima in el la aflarea vestii.His words finally sank in - Cuvintele lui au capatat in sfarsit inteles.Sink or swim + Te scufunzi sau inoti.

590. 118.Sit - Sat - Sat - A sta jos Don't sit on the floor, pull up a chair. - Nu sta pe jos, trage-ti un scaun.Mz parrot sits on my shoulder + Papagalul imi sade pe umarTheir house sits in a green vallez - Casa lor se afla intr-o vale verde.Little Miss Muffet sat on a tuffet + Mica Miss Muffet sta pe un delusorThat doesn't sit well with me - Nu imi cade bine asta

That stadium sits 30,000 people - Stadionul acela are 30.000 de locuri.Sit still! - Stai locului!

591. 119.Slay - Slew - Slain - A ucide Ceasar was slain by his political adversaries - Cezar a fost ucis de adversarii sai politici

592. 120.Sleep - Slept - Slept - A dormi I usually sleep until seven - Deobicei dorm pana la 7.I slept like a log - Am dormit bustean

593. 121.Slide - Slid - Slid - A aluneca

Pentru a aluneca din greseala e mai uzual to slip Children on a sled slid past - Copiii pe sanie au trecut in zborHe slid on the ice and broke his arm. - A alunecat pe gheata si si-a rupt manaLet it slide! - Las-o moarta! Treaca!He slid the stolen watch into his pocket - Si-a bagat ceasul furat in buzunar.

594. 122.Slit - Slit - Slit - A taia cu o lama (nu cu un foarfece)

Cuvantul uzual e to cutHe got life in prison for slitting his neighbor's throat - A primit inchisoare pe viata pentru ca a taiat gatul vecinului sau.

595. 123.Smell - Smelt/Smelled - Smelt/Smelled - A mirosi We must all stop sometimes and smell the roses - Toti trebuie sa ne oprim cateodata si sa mirosim trandafirii.Throw awaz this cheese, it smells. - Arunca branza asta, miroase.

596. 124.Speak - Spoke - Spoken - A vorbi She spoke at the gathering - A vorbit la adunareThey are not on speaking terms - Nu isi vorbescI speak in their name - Vorbesc in numele lorDo you speak English? - Vorbesti engleza? Speak out, don't be afraid! - Vorbeste cu curaj, nu-ti fie frica!Speak up, we can't hear you - Vorbeste mai tare, nu te-auzim!Speaking of pets, how's Fifi? - Apropo de animale de companie, Fifi ce mai face?

597. 125.Speed - Sped/Speeded - Sped/Speeded - A merge cu viteza, a accelera Speed up! Step on it! - Grabeste-te! Calca acceleratia!Cars sped by - Masinile treceau in viteza

598. 126.Spell - Spelt/Spelled - Spelt/Spelled - A spune un cuvant pe litereSpell out your name, please - Spune-ti numele pe litere te rog.This could spell the end of the European Union - Acest lucru ar putea marca sfarsitul Uniunii Europene.

599. 127.Spend - Spent - Spent - A cheltui

You spend to much - Cheltuiesti prea mult!How much time do you spend with your family? - Cat timp petreci cu familia?Where will you spend your vacation? - Unde iti vei petrece vacanta?

600. 128.Spill - Spilt/Spilled - Spilt/Spilled - A varsaI spilled some juice on my blouse. - Mi-am varsat niste suc pe bluza.The beads spilt onto the floor - Margelele s-au imprastiat pe podea.

601. 129.Spin - Span/Spun - Spun - A se invarti (ca un titirez), a toarceMy great grandmother could spin very well. We still have her spinning wheel - Strabunica mea torcea foarte bine. Inca avem masina ei de tors.We play football with our fingers by spinning coins. - Jucam fotbal cu degetele, invartind monezi.She spins wonderful stories - Ea spune niste povesti minunate.My head is spinning - Ma simt ametit (mi se invarte capul)

602. 130.Spit - Spat/Spit - Spat/Spit - A scuipaStop spitting out the medicine! - Nu mai scuipa medicamentele!He is constantly spitting out nsults - Tot timpul el arunca (scuipa) insulte.

603. 131.Split - Split - Split - A taia, a impartiWill you please split the watermelon in two? - Vrei te rog sa tai pepenele in doua?I will split the cake equally - Voi imparti tortul in mod egal.

604. 132.Spoil - Spoilt/Spoiled - Spoilt/Spoiled - A alinta, a se stricaYou spoil that child too much! - Alinti copilul prea mult.The milk has spoilt - Laptele s-a stricat

605. 133.Spread - Spread - Spread - A intindeWould you like to spread butter on your toast? - Ti-ar place sa intinzi unt pe painea prajita?Please spread out the tablecloth - Te rog intinde fata de masa.The news spread fast - Vestea s-a raspandit repede.Take a picture when the eagle spreads its wings. - Fa o poza cand vulturul isi intinde aripile.

606. 134.Spring - Sprang - Sprung - A sari (din ghemuit, ca un arc)The tiger sprang from the bushes - Tigrul a sarit din tufisuriSmall stores are springing up everywhere - Magazine mici apar (ca din senin) peste tot.She has a spring to her step lately - Se simte o vioiciune deosebita (o bucurie) in mersul ei in ultima vreme.An idea sprang into my mind - Mi-a venit o idee in minte.

607. 135.Stand - Stood - Stood - A sta in picioareStand still! - Nu te misca!All the seats on the bus were taken, so I stood the whole time. - Toate locuri din autobuz erau luate asa ca am stat in picioare tot timpul.The old house is still stnding - Vechea casa inca mai existaDoes the agreement still stand? - Mai e valabila intelegerea?

His paintings stood the test of time - Picturile lui au rezistat trecerii timpului, sunt inca celebre.I can't stand math - Nu suport matematica.They stood by me in tough times - Ei m-au sustinut in vremuri grele.I stand for Women's Rights - Sustin drepturile femeilor.The republic for which it stands - Republica pe care o reprezinta.A flamingo stands on one leg - Un flamingo sta intr-un picior.Please stand up! - Va rog sculati-va in picioare.

608. 136.Steal - Stole - Stolen - A furaHe stole my wallet - Mi-a furat portofelul!He stole the show - A fost de departe cel mai bun numar din spectacol.He stole a glance - S-a uitat pe furis

609. 137.Stick - Stuck - Stuck - A lipi, a infigeHe stuck a pin into the pin cushion - A infipt un bold in perna de ace.I am stuck in this boring job - Sunt prins in aceasta slujba plicticoasa.The door is stuck - Usa e intepenita.Let's stick together! - Hai sa ramanem uniti!I will stick a note on his door - Ii voi lasa un biletel la usa.

610. 138.Sting - Stung - Stung - A intepaI once was stung by a bee - Am fost odata muscat de o viespe.The smoke made my eyes sting - Fumul facea sa ma intepe ochii.A stinging remark - O remarca usturatoare.

611. 139.Stink - Stank - Stunk - A mirosi uratFlowers in vases can end up stiking - Florile din vaze pot in cele din urma sa puta.This deal stinks - Aceasta intelegere imi displace profund (pute)

612. 140.Stride - Strode/Strided - Stridden - A merge cu pasi lungi si vigurosi

A merge se zice to walkHe was striding to the airport terminal - Mergea la termnalul aeroportului.

613. 141.Strike - Struck - Struck/Stricken - A lovi The bullet struck him in the arm - Glontul l-a lovit in bratHe strikes me as kind person - Mi se pare o persoana de treabaThe clock struck midnight - Ceasul a batut mizul noptii.To strike a bell - A bate clopotulThe speaker struck a chord in many - Vorbitorul a atins o coarda sensibila in multi ascultatori.In the Middle Ages many were struck down by the plague - In Evul Mediu multi erau loviti de ciuma.

614. 142.String - Strung - Strung - A insira

String e fir. Multe actiuni legate de fire se traduc prin to string.I have to string my guitar - Trebuie sa-mi acordez chitaraThey strung an electrical wire across the street. - Au intins un cablu electric de-a

lungul drumului.I have to string these beas back. - Trebuie sa pun margeleleacestea inapoi pe sfoara.

615. 143.Strive - Strove - Striven - A se zbate (in sens pozitiv), a depune un mare efort I strive to be the best teacher - Ma lupt sa fiu cea mai buna profesoara.Strive for the stars - Zbate-te sa ajungi la stele.

616. 144.Swear - Swore - Sworn - A jura, a injura I swear allegiance to my country, Romania. - Jur credinta tarii mele, RomaniaI swear I didn't eat the cake - Jur ca n-am mancat tortulHe was swearing and cursing everyone around - Ii injura si ii blestema pe toti cei din jur.Don't swear at him! - Nu il mai injura pwe el!

617. 145.Sweat - Sweat/Sweated - Sweat/Sweated - A transpira I sweat bullets when I work out - Transpir din greu (gloante) cand ma antrenez.

618. 146.Sweep - Swept/Sweeped - Swept/Sweeped - A matura Let me sweep the kitchen - Lasa-ma sa matur in bucatarieThe flood waters swept away everything in their path.- Inundatia a maturat totul din calea ei.The hills sweep down to the sea. - Dealurile coboara pana la mare.

619. 147.Swell - Swelled - Swollen - A se umfla The river is swelling - Raul se umflaYour face is swollen - Ai fata umflata

620. 148.Swim - Swam - Swum - A inota I swam 50 laps - Am inotat 50 de lungimi de bazin.I dream of swimming in money someday - Visez ca intr-o zi sa inot in bani

621. 149.Swing - Swung - Swung - A (se)legana The monkey was swinging from its tail - Maimuta se legana atarnata de coada.He doesn't swing his arms when walking - Nu isi leagana bratele cand merge.He came swinging down the road, whistling a tune - Venea vesel pe drum fluierandu-si o melodie

622. 150.Take - Took - Taken - A lua Did you take your medicine today? - Ti-ai luat azi doctoriile?Take a bus to school - Du-te cu autobuzul la scoalaHis reactions always take me by surprise - Reactiile lui totdeauna ma iau prin surprindere.He took her hand in marriage - El s-a insurat cu ea.He took a seat - A luat locTake a picture - Fa o pozaTake your time - Nu te grabiTake comfort in your daughter - Gasestte-ti consolarea in fata ta.Take a left and your there - Fa-o la stanga si ai ajuns.

You should take your temperature - Ar trebui sa-ti iei temperaturaTake a walk - Du-te la plimbareTake a break - Fa o pauza.Take down the curtains - Da jos perdeleleTake off your coat - Scoate-ti hainaCan you please take out this splinter? - Poti te rog sa-mi scoti aceasta aschie?He took off - Aplecat in grabaAs I take it, he's not coming home - Dupa cate inteleg eu, el nu vine acasa.

623. 151.Teach - Taught - Taught - A invata pe altii Can you teach me English? - Ma poti invata engleza?He taught History all his life. - Toata viata el a predat istoria.

624. 152.Tear - Tore - Torn - A rupe The nail tore a hole in my sock - Cuiul mi-a facut o gaura in ciorapAfter reading that article he tore the newspaper to pieces - Dupa ce a citit articlul a rupt ziarul in bucatiThey will tear down this building - Vor demla aceasta cladire.A country torn by rival political parties - O tara sfasiata de partide politice rivale.The dog tore into the food - Cainele s-a repezit la mancare

625. 153.Tell - Told - Told - A spune (u sensul de a povesti) Tell us a story! - Spune-ne o poveste!Tell me what happened - Spune-mi ce s-a intamplatTell me anbout the trip - Povesteste-mi despre excursie.I'll tell you a secret - Iti spun un secretCould you tell if he was lying? - Iti dadeai seama daca minte?I can't tell who's coming, it's too dark. - Nu-mi dau seama cine vine, e prea intuneric.

626. 154.Think - Thought - Thought - A gandi, a crede I thought about what you said - M-am gandit la ce ai spus.I thik you are right - Cred ca ai dreptateHe thinks he is smart. - Se crede destept.What do you think your doing? - Ce faci? (Ce iti inchipui ca faci?) I am thinking about you - Ma gandesc la tine.

627. 155.Thrive - Throve/Thrived - Thriven/Thrived - A merge infloritor That plant thrives in the shade - Plantei aceea ii merge infloritor la umbra.My business is thriving - Afacerii mele ii merge infloritor

628. 156.Throw - Threw - Thrown - A arunca My dog wanted me to throw the ball - Catelul meu vroia sa arunc mingea.He threw me a glance - Mi-a aruncat o privireHe threw away the left-overs. - A aruncat mancarea ramasaHe threw out the garbage - A dus gunoiul (l-a scos din casa)He trew up - A vomitat

629. 157.Thrust - Thrust - Thrust - A vari He thrust his hands into his pockets - Si-a varat mainile in buzunar.He thrut his sword into the enemy - Si-a varat sabia in dusman

630. 158.Tread - Trod - Trodden - A merge cu pasi grei peste ceva He tread through the forest with heavy feet nd a heavy heart - A mers prin paduce cu picioare grele si cu inima la fel.

631. 159.Understand - Understood - Understood - A intelege I understand your point of view - Iti inteleg punctul de vedereI don't uderstand this theorem - Nu inteleg aceasta teoremaI uderstand this is unexpected. - Inteleg ca e ceva neasteptat

632. 160.Upset - Upset - Upset - A necaji, a supara, a rasturna He upset the vase and it broke - A rasturnat vaza care s-a spart.Stop upsetting your brother - Nu-l mai necaji pe fratele tauWhy is he so upset? - De ce e el atat de suparat?

633. 161.Wake - Woke - Woken - A trezi Wake me up in an hour - Scoala-ma peste-un ceasThat moment was for me a wake up call - Momentul acela a fost pentru mine unul de trezire.Romanian, wake up from the sleep of death - Desteapta-te romane din somnul cel de moarte

634. 162.Wear - Wore - Worn - A purta On her head she wore a yellow ribbon - Purta pe cap o funda galbenaWear a cold it's freezing outside - Poarta o haina e foarte frig afaraHe wears glasses - El poarta ochelariI will wait until the alcohol has worn off - Am sa astept pana se duce efectul alcoolului.Children can wear you out - Copiii te pot epuizaMy car is so worn down I am afraid to drive it sometimes - Masina mea e atat de uzata incat uneori mie frica sa o conduc

635. 163.Weave - Wove - Woven - A tese, a impleti

A impleti par - to plait hair. She weaves rugs - Ea tese covoareHe weaves baskets - El impleteste cosuriThe writer wove his memories into the plot - Scriitorul a intercalat amintirile proprii in poveste

636. 164.Wed - Wed/Wedded - Wed/Wedded - A (se) casatori I wed when I was 20. - M-am casatorit la 20 de ani.I wed David - M-am casatorit cu David.We need a minister to wed us. - Ne trebuie un preot care sa ne casatoreasca.

637. 165.Weep - Wept - Wept - A plange amar They wept when they remembered all their freinds killed in the war - Au plans cand si-au amintit de toti prietenii lor morti in razboi.

638. 166.Wet - Wet/Wetted - Wet/Wetted - A umezi

Wet the sponge, please. - Umezeste te rog bureteleHe still wets the bed at night, although he is 9 - Inca mai uda noaptea patul desi are noua ani.

639. 167.Win - Won - Won - A castigaShe won the competition - A castigat concursul.Her speech won over many listners - Discursul ei a castigat pe multi ascultatori.

640. 168.Wind - Wound - Wound - A (se) incolaciI have to wind my watch - Trebuie sa imi intorc ceasul.Where does this path that winds up the mountain take me? - Unde ma duce aceasta carare care serpuieste in sus pe munte?You'll wind up in a bear's cave. - Ai sa nimeresti intr-o pestera de urs.

641. 169.Wring - Wrung - Wrung - A stoarce

A nu se confunda cu to ring (care se citeste la fel) - a suna.He was wringing his hands in dispair - El isi frangea mainile de disperareThe washing machine will wring out the water. - Maina de spalat va stoarce apa.

642. 170.Write - Wrote - Written - A scrie He writes poems - El scrie poezii.Let me write you a check - Sa-ti completez un cec.He wrote to us that he would come visit - Ne-a scris ca va veni sa ne vizitezeWrite down what I'm about to tell you - Scrie ce am de gand sa-ti spun.

643. Verbe care au aceeasi radacina deobicei au si aceleasi forme neregulate.put – input – outputsaucast – forecast – broadcastsau chiarstand – understand

7.SUBSTANTIV, ADJECTIV, VERB - SCHIMBAREA CATEGORIEI

644. Multe verbe sunt si substantive.Adica infinitivul scurt(fara to) al verbului e si substantiv.De exemplu: back – a sprijini, spateto cook – a gati, bucatarto cut - (a taia, taietura)to drink - (a bea/bautura)to fall - (a cadea, cazatura)<to fish - (a pescui, peste)to hate - (a uri, ura)to heat - (a incalzi, caldura)to help (a ajuta, ajutor)to laugh (a rade, ras)to search (a cauta, o expeditie de cautare)

to talk (a vorbi, cuvantare)to walk (a merge, plimbare) to work (a munci, munca)

645. Verbele de mai sus sunt cateva verbe care sunt identice ca substantive. Exista si verbe care se scriu la fel dar ca substantive au accentul altfel decat la verbe.To export - (a exporta, export)To record - (a inregistra, inregistrare)To present - (a prezenta, cadou)

646. Terminatia - mentSubstantive abstracte provenite din verbe: to excite - a entuziasmaexcitment - entuziasm

to enjoy - a se bucura enjoyment - bucurie

647. Terminatia - tion sau - ionSubstantive provenite din verbeTo comunicate - A comunicaCommunication - Comunicare

To pollute - A poluaPollution - Poluare

To admit - A admite, a recunoasteAdmission - Recunoastere

648. Terminatia - er, - or sau - istSubstantive provenite din verbe si care reprezinta meserii: to teach - a invata pe altiiteacher - invatator, profesor

to run - a alergarunner - alergator

to act - a juca in pieseactor - actor

to translate - a traducetranslator - , economist

to economize - a economisieconomist - economist

649. Terminatiile - er, - ee desemneaza ubstantive care contrasteaza unul cu celalaltemployer - angajatoremployee - angajat

650. Terminatia - ingGerunziile verbelor pot fi folosite ca substantive.

To sleep - a dormiSleeping bag - Sac de dormit - adjrctivSleeping is vital for our health - Dormitul e vital pebntru sanatatea noastra - substantiv.Obs: si sleep is vital for our health era corect. Learning can be tiresome - Invatatul poate fi obositor.Eating all day is dangerous - Mancatul toata ziua e periculosSinging is fun - Cantatul e distractiv.

651. Terminatia - ist/ismCa si in romaneste desemneaza oameni/ideologiimarxist/marxismcommunist/communismterrorist/terrorism

652. Terminatia - alSubstantive provenite din verbe:

Atentie! In romaneste acest mod de a construi substantive e automat:da - dare, veni - venire, alerga - alergareIn engleza nu exista decat rar aceasta constructie cu - al Ea poate fi inlocuita de constructia cu: - ingPlecarea in vacanta a fost grea - Plecatul in vacanta a fost greuLeaving for vacation was hard

Atentie! Multe adjective deasemeni au terminatia alarrival - sosirerefusal - refuzdenial - negareburial - ingropare

653. Terminatia - nessSubstantive abstracte provenite din adjective: Laziness - leneHapiness - fericireSadness - tristeteKindness - bunatate

654. Terminatia - hoodCreeaza substantive abstracte provenite din alte substantiveMai ales termeni legati de familie (dar nu numai):motherhood - maternitatechildhood - copilariebrotherhood - fratiedar sipriesthood - preotieneighborhood - vecibnatate

655. Terminatia - shipSubstantive abstracte care desemneaza o relatie si care provin din alte substantive sau din adjective. friendship - prieteniemembership - calitatea de a fi membrupartnership - partenariat

hardship - greutatihard -greu (adjectiv)

656. Terminatia - ty:Substantive abstracte provenite din adjective:honesty - onestitateloyalty - loialitatepriority - prioritatemajority - majoritate

657. Un adjectivPoate proveni de la- un substantiv (day - daily - zilnic, fur - furry - cu blana)- un verb (fishing, melted)

sau poate fi chiar el baza pentru formarea - unui alt adjectiv (red-reddish)- unui verb (red-redden; danger-endanger)- unui substantiv (tall - tallness)

658. Terminatia - alAdjective provenite din substantive: accidentalbrutalregionaluniversalpersonal

659. Terminatia - lyAdjective provenite din substantiveAceasta terminatie insa este tipica pentru adverbe nu pentru adjective.daily - zilnicfriendly - prietenosmonthly - lunarbodily - care tine de corp

660. Terminatia - fulAdjective provenite din substantiveFull of – pline dejoyful - full of joy - cu fericirecareful - full of care - grijuliugraceful - full of grace - gratios

delightful - full of delight - incantatorbeautiful - full of beauty - frummoasa

661. Terminatia - less Adjective provenite din substantiveLess - farahomeless - fara locuintaa homeless beggar - un cersetor fara locuintahe is homeless - el e fara locuintapowerless - fara puterefaithless - fara credintameaningless - fara sens

662. Cuvintele terminate in y schhimba pe y in i inaintea sufixelor: ful, less, ousplentiful, pennilessdar nu daca inaintea lui y este o vocalaplayful, joyful, joyless

663. Terminatia - aryAdjective provenite din substantiveSunt legate de o insusire sau de un loccustomary - conform obiceiuluimomentary - de moment, efemer

Here, it is customary to take your shoes off in the house - Aici, este obiceiul de a te descalta in casa

664. Terminatia - icAdjective provenite din substantiveathletic - atleticbasic - fundamentalhistoric - istoric

665. Terminatia - icalAdjective provenite din substantivemagic, magical - magic logical - logic historical - istoric

666. historic si historicalDiferenta este ca historic inseamna important, monumental pe cand historical inseamna legat de istorie

667. Substantive pot fi adjective, adica pot descrie un alt substantiv.Ca orice adjectiv ele trebuie puse in fata substantivului la care se refera.De multe ori ele se folosesc in romaneste cu prepozItia de:in alte cazuri pe romaneste nu se foloseste de: baby food – mancare pentru copii. health diet – dieta sanatoasa yard table – masa din curte 1.Unele combinatii sunt consacrateclassroom - sala de clasaapple juice – suc de merecheese sandwich -sendvis de branzasnowstorm – furtuna de zapada

snowman – om de zapadatree branch – ramura de copacskyscraper – zgarietor de nori (zgarie nori)computer screen – monitor de calculatormountain bike – bicicleta de munte (montana)football – minge de picior (fotbal)paper airplane – avion de hartie

Altele pot fi facute de vorbitor pentru a preciza despre care substantiv vorbeste:the forest river – raul de padurethe emerald forest – padurea de smaraldthe office car – masina de biroua sarmale meal – o mancare de sarmalethe Voronet painting – pictura de Voronet

668. In putine cazuri aceste substantive devenite adjective pot fi cuvinte cu totul noi: ladybug - gargaritabutterfly - fluturedragonfly - libelulapineapple - ananaseggplant - vanata

669. Aceste substanticve devenite adjective isi pierd caracteristicile sustantivale si ca orice adjectiv in engleza nu accepta plural:housse plant – planta de casahouse plants – plante de casa.

670. Terminatia - ishDe multe ori are terminatia - esc in romanestePoate fi folosita si la culori. Deobicei nu e folosit in sens pozitiv.childish - copilaresc - simplu, fara maturitatefoolish - prostescchildish - copilarescselfish - egoistbluish - albastriu

671. Terminatia - likeInseamna asemeni Deobicei e folosit in sens pozitiv.childlike - ca un copil - inocent, dragutlifelike - in marime naturale, ca in viataladylike - care e potrivit pentru o doamnagodlike - asemeni lui Dumnezeu

672. Terminatia - ousglamorous - incantatordangerous - periculospoisonous - otravitor

673. Terminatia - y

rainy - ploiosa rainy day - o zi ploioasa funny - nostimsunny - insoritfurry - cu blana

674. Numeralele deasemeni pot actiona ca adjectiveIn cazul acesta substantivul pierde pe s adica devine la singular.a 100 page document - un document de 100 de paginia 20 day diet - un regim de 20 de zilea 10 foot ladder - o scara de 10 picioare

675. Ca si in romaneste adjective pot fi formate de participiul unui verb lacul inghetat (de la a ingheta) – the frozen lakeperetele zugravit – the painted wallmerele cumparate – the bought applesvarza umpluta – stuffed cabage

676. Unele verbe au doua forme de participiu, de exemplu: shave are si shaved si shaven.Ca adjectiv se foloseste forma neregulata. He has shaved his beard. - El si-a ras barbaHe is clean shaven - El este complet ras.

677. Terminatia - ing:Adjective formate din gerunziul verbelorsleeping dog - caine care doarmesleeping bag – sac de dormittalking movies – filme care vorbesc(filmele sonore din epoca cinematografului mut)talking parrot - papagal vorbitor

678. Terminatia - able:Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au terminatia abilagreeable - agreabilexpandable - expandabilremarkable - remarcabillikable - placut

679. Terminatia - ible:Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au terminatia ibilsensible - intelept (nu inseamna sensibil)flexible - flexibilaccessible - accesibil

680. Terminatia - ent:Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au tot terminatia entexcellent - excelenturgent - urgentdifferent - diferit

681. Terminatia - ant:Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au tot terminatia antpleasant - placutreliant - dependentignorant - ignorantvacant - vacant

682. Terminatia - ive:Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au tot terminatia ivattractive - atractivcreative - creativsecretive - scretosinformative - informativ

8.ADVERBUL

683. Adverbul este partea de vorbire care arata o caracteristica a unei actiuni, a unei stari sau a unei calitatiEle determina verbe, adjective sau alte adverbe.Un adverb trebuie sa raspunda la una din intrebarile : Cum? Cand? Unde? Ma duc degraba la gara. Cum ma duc? Degraba este adverb pe langa un verb.

684. Adverbele care determina un adjectiv, stau totdeauna in fata adjectivuluiAstfel de adverbe sunt very - foarte, quite - destul de, absolutely - foarte etcVery poate sa fie si adjectiv cu intelesul de chiar.This is the very example I need - Acesta este chiar exemplul de care am nevoie.A very big dog - Un caine foarte mareA very rainy day - O zi foarte ploaiasa

This is a very tall man - Acest barbat e foarte inaltThis man is quite tall - Acest barbat e destul de inalt

He's absolutely delighted - El e cu desavarsire incantat.

quite de multe ori e folosit ca eufemism pentru very.A doua propozitie putand insemna si ca barbatul respectiv e foarte inalt.

685. Adverbele englezesti se grupeaza in adverbe de mod, de loc, de timp de frecventa si de scop.Adverbele cateodata pot fi puse in multe locuri in propozitie, cateodata nu. Ele au trei locuri in propozitie unde e posibil sa-si aiba locul.- pozitia initiala (inaintea subiectului)- pozitia de mijloc (intre subiect si verb sau imediat inainte de verbul to be daca e cazul)- pozitia finala(la sfarsitul propozitiei)

686. Adverbe de modslowly - incet

carefully - atentawfully - teribilA citit incet scrisoareaToate urmatoarele formulari sunt corecte

Slowly, he read the letterHe slowly read the letterHe read the letter slowly

A deschis cu grija pliculToate urmatoarele formulari sunt corecte

Carefully, he opened the envelopeHe carefully opened the envelopeHe opened the envelope carefully

El este teribil de trist - He is awfully sad

687. Adverbe de lochere - aicithere - acolobehind - in spateabove - deasupraIn general aceste adverbe se pun la sfarsit, mai rar se pun si inaintea subiectului.We met him here. - L-am intalnit aiciWe stayed there. - Am stat acolo

In aceste doua cazuri, adverbele nu pot fi asezate in alta parte in propozitie.

688. Adverbe de timpnow - acumthen - atunciyesterday - ieriIn general aceste adverbe se pun la sfarsit, mai rar se pun si inaintea subiectului.Now listen to a story - Acum asculta o povesteListen to the story now - Asculta povestea acum.

He went fishing yesterday - S-a dus la pescuit ieriYesterday he went fishing - Ieri s-a dus la pescuit.Constructia romaneasca - S-a dus ieri la pescuit - NU se poate respectadeciHe went yesterday fishing e GRESIT.Aceasta propozitie da impresia ca yesterday e un adjectiv adica exista un mod de a pescui numit yesterday.

689. Adverbe de frecventaalways - totdeaunaalready - dejanever - niciodataseldom - rareori

usually - deobicei

Daca verbul este to be si nu este un timp compus, deobicei se pune dupa be.La timpurile compuse ele se intercaleaza.La verbele celelalte aceste adverbe se pune inaintea verbului.I am usually on time – Deobicei ajung la timp.I have never seen this movie - Nu am vazut niciodata acest film.I often dream of him – De multe ori il visez.

690. Adverbele de frecventaoccasionally - din cand in candfrequently - mereuusually - deobiceisometimes - cateodataSe pot pune inaintea subiectului.Cateodata, am nevoie de o vacanta.I sometimes need a vacationSometimes I need a vacation

Deobicei, alerg repedeUsually I run fastI usually run fast

691. Adverbele de frecventaoccasionally - din cand in candrarely - rareorioften - adesSe pot pune si la sfarsit.Il vizitez adesI often visit him.I visit him often.

692. Adverbe de frecventa in propozitiile negativese intercaleaza astfel:I don't always do my homework. - Nu imi fac intotdeauna temele.I must never leave the door unlocked - Nu trebuie niciodata sa las usa neincuiataI am not always happy - Nu sunt totdeauna fericit.

693. Adverbe de frecventa in propozitiile interogativese intercaleaza astfel:Do you often listen to music? - Asculti deseori muzica?Can you always tell who is singing? - Totdeauna iti dai seama cine canta?Haven't you ever been wrong?- Nu te-ai inselat niciodata?

694. Spre deosebire de limba romana in limba engleza nu se fac doua negatii in propozitie.Niciodata nu a cantat tradus se spune Niciodata a cantat: He never sang.De aceea adverbele never - niciodata, seldom - rareori, rarely - rareori nu se folosesc in propozitii negative (propozitii cu not).

He never went to school - Niciodata nu a mers la scoalaHe seldom eats alone - Rareori mananca singurI rarely see him - Il vad rareori.

695. In propozitii interogative si negative never devine ever.Have you ever seen him? - L-ai vazut vreodata?No I have never seen him - Nu nu l-am vazut niciodata.sauNo I haven't ever seen him.No, I have seldom/rarely seen him

696. Adverbe de modDaca un adverb raspunde la intrebarea CUM atunci este adverb de mod.Deobicei aceste adverbe se formeaza adaugand -ly la un adjectiv.He drives slowly – El conduce incet.Cum conduce? - Incet (adverb)darHe is a slow driver. - El e un sofer inceti

slow - adjectivslowly - adverb

697. Cateva adverbe de mod des intalnitequickly - repede - quick(adjectiv)The car quiickly turned right - Masina a virat repede la dreapta.frightfully - nespus de, inspaimantator de - frightful (adjectiv)He is frightfully sad - El e inspaimantator de trist.unexpectedly - pe neasteptate - unexpected(adjectiv)He unexpectedly opened the door - A deschis pe neasteptate usasuddenly - brusc - sudden(adjectiv)Suddenly, I realized I didn't know him - Deodata mi-am dat seama ca nu il cunosc.

698. Exista un numar mic de adverbe de mod care nu au terminatia -ly

fast - repedehard - greulate - cu intarzierestraight - dreptwell - bineHe walks fast. - El merge repedefast poate fi si adjectivA fast car sped by. - O masina iute a trecut in viteza

He went straight home - S-a dus drept acasastraight poate fi si adjectivHe draws straight lines. - El trage linii drepte

699. Hard este un adjectiv (cu intelesul de tatre) care poate deveni hardly ca adverb avand sensul de abia.

Dar poate ramane si hard ca adverb cu intelesul de dificil.La fel late (tarziu) si lately (in ultimul timp)He hardly shows up. - Abia il vedem (la lucru)He works hard. - El munceste din greu.He arrived late. - A sosit tarziuLately, he couldn't seem to be on time for anything - In ultimul timp, parea ca nu ajunge la timp pentru nimic.

700. Adjectivul good - bun nu formeaza adverb.Adverbul este well - bine Ai facut o treaba buna – You did a good job.Ai facut treaba bine - You did the job well.

701. Verbul to taste - a gusta cere -ly pentru adverb:Verbul to taste – a avea gust insa nu cere.Aceeasi regula se aplica pentru to smell - a mirosi si to smell – a avea un miros.Deasemeni pentru to look - a privi si to look - a arata. Si pentru feel - a pipai si feel - a simti.At the king's orders, the servant obiediently tasted the food - La ordinul regelui, servitorul ascultator a gustat mancareaThis food tastes fine, he said. - Aceasta mancare are gust normal, spuse el.I smell badly – Nu miros bine (cu nasul) (Nu am un bun simt al mirosului)This fish smells bad. - Acest peste miroase rauShe looked angrily at me - S-a uitat suparata la mine.She looks beautiful. - Arata foarte frumoasaThe blind man gently felt things with his fingers. - Barbatul orb pipaia usor lucrurile cu degeteleI feel happy we are leaving. - Sunt bucuros ca plecam.

702. Adjectivele care au deja terminatia -ly raman neschimbate ca advrbe.Ele nu mai primesc inca un ly. lovely - incantatorlonely - singuraticmotherly - ca o mamafriendly - prietenosneighbourly - ca un bun vecin.She sings lovely - Canta incantator (adverb, defineste un verb)She has a lovely voice - Are o voce incantatoare (adjectiv, defineste un subtantiv)

He is a lonely man - E un barbat singuraticThat was a lonely walk - A fost o plimbare singuratica

703. Unele adjective care se termina in e, nu primesc - ly ci intai este indepartat e-ul:

true - truly - cu adevaratwhole - wholly - intregnice - nicelypolite - politelyShe draws nicely also she makes nice watercolors. - Ea deseneaza frumos, deasemeni are acuarele frumoase.

Your idea is truly good - Ideea ta e cu adevarat buna

704. La formarea adverbului din adjective, daca adjectivul se termina in - y, inlaturam y-ul si adaugam ily.crazily - cu nebuniehappily - cu fericireThe actor crazily read his part, waving his arms and shouting at the top of his voice. - Actorul si-a citit cu nebunie rolul, dand din brate si strigand cat il lua gura.The parrot happily flew away - Papagalul a zburat cu fericire in departari.

705. Daca adjectivul se termina in - ic adaugam -ically.ironically - cu ironieenthusiastically - cu entuziasmHe enthusiastically clapped to the music - Cu entuziasm a batut din palme in ritmul muzicii.

706. Ca si adjectivele, adverbele au grade de comparatie.Pentru adverbele terminate in -ly folositi comparatia cu more si most: I can yell, you can yell more loudly than me but he can yell the most loudly. - Eu pot sa tip, tu poti sa tipi mai tare ca mine dar el tipa cel mai tare.desi adjectivul are formele loud - louder - the loudest.I have a fast car and I want more than a faster car. I want the fastest car around - Eu am o masina rapida si vreau mai mult decat o masina mai rapida. Vreau cea mai rapida masina existenta.We are all healing - Toti ne insanatosimI am doing well, you are doing better and she is doing the best - Eu ma simt bine, tu te simti si mai bine iar ea se simte cel mai bine.

707. Cand se foloseste mai mult de un adverb, ordinea normala e: de mod, de loc, de timp,The old man usually climbed cheerfully upstairs everyday to peer from the watchtower. - Batranul deobicei urca cu veselie la etaj zilnic ca sa se uite din foisor.

708. Intensificatorii adverbiali sunt folositi ca emfaza pe langa verbe.Aceste expresii emfatice se folosesc in engleza formala in cuvantari, prezentari sau in documente scrise.Iata cateva din aceste adverbe:categorically - categoric, fara nicio rezervadeeply - cu putere in sentiment, profundenthusiastically - cu entuziasmfreely - fara ezitarefully - in intregime, fara dubiihonestly - cu sinceritatepositively - fara dubiireadily - fara ezitaresincerely - sincer, urari de binestrongly - cu convingeretotally - fara dubiiutterly - fara dubii

9.PREPOZITIA

709. Prepozitiile sunt parti de vorbire care indica legatura temporala spatiala sau logica dintre substantive, pronume si alte cuvinte din propozitie.Sunt invariabile si de cele mai multe ori in engleza stau in fata unui substantiv.

710. In englezeste prepozitiile pot fi simple sau compuse, adica formate dintr-unul sau mai multe cuvinte The toy is in the box and the box is next to the TV set. - Jucaria e in cutie iar cutia este langa televizorin - in (prepozitie simpla)next to - langa (prepozitie compusa)

711. ON - prepozitie de timp - se foloseste pentru a indica o zi a saptamanii sau o zi a anului.I will go see him on Monday. - Ma duc sa-l vad luni.I was born on October 13. on Monday - M-am nascut pe 13 octombrie, lunea.

712. IN - prepozitie de timp– indica luna sau anotimpul- indica perioada din zi- indica anul- indica peste cat timp va avea loc ceva- in March - in martie- in winter - iarna- in the morning - dimineata- in the evening - seara- I will graduate in 2014 - Voi absolvi in 2014- in an hour - intr-o ora

713. AT - prepozitie de timpSe foloseste in legatura cu noaptea.At night I hear voices. - Noaptea aud voci

714. SINCE – prepozitie de timpDintr-un moment trecut si pana acum.Since World War 2 many things have changed.- De la al Doilea Razboi Mondial multe s-au schimbat.

715. FOR – prepozitie de timpTimp de: intr-o anumita perioada de timp, din trecut si pana acum. She has been away for two years - A fost plecata timp de doi ani

716. FROM – prepozitie de timpDe la - marcheaza momentul de inceput al unei actiuni.I work starting from 6 in the evening - Muncesc incepand de la 6 seara.

717. AGO – prepozitie de timp– acum (numai legat de timp)Two years ago - Acum doi ani

718. BEFORE – prepozitie de timp– legat de timp inseamna inainte de o anumita data.He was born before 1980. Before you leave – Inainte sa pleci.

719. TO – prepozitie de timp– are rolul lui fara din romana pentru exprimarea timpului12 fara 10, 10 to 12.

720. PAST – prepozitie de timp- are rolul lui si din romana pentru exprimarea timpului: 12 si 10 - 10 past 12

721. TILL/UNTIL – prepozitie de timp- impreuna cu FROM formeaza combinatia: dela ... pana la- fara FROM inseamna pana.Till si until sunt sinonime.I study English from 6 to 7 everyday. - Studiez engleza de la 6 la 7 zilnic.He has until Friday to finish the project. - Are pana vineri sa-si termine proiectul?Please stay indoors until the storm has passed. - Te rog stai in casa pana trece furtuna.

722. BY – prepozitie de timp– cel tarziu- pana inI will be back by six. - Ma intorc cel tarziu la 6.By June I had learned to ride a bike. - Pana in iunie invatasem sa merg pe bicicleta.

723. By spre deosebire de until indica o data limitaHe has until Friday to finish the project - until este pozitiv, arata tot intervalul de timp in care el poate termina proiectulHe has by Friday to finish the project – are caracter de avertizare

724. OVER – prepozitie de timpover este numai in legatura cu trecutul.In a century from now – este in viitor. – over a century ago – acum peste un secol Over time – de-a lungul timpului.He stayed over the weekend – A stat (la noi) peste weekend.We talked over a cup of coffee - Am stat de vorba la o ceasca de cafea.

725. OF – prepozitie de timp- se foloseste la exprimarea datei. The Fourth of July – Patru iulieThe first of December - Intai decembrieHe was born on the the 20th of May.- S-a nascut pe 20 mai.

726. AFTER – prepozitie de timp- se foloseste la exprimarea orei- inseamna dupa10 after five. Cinci si zeceI am tired after I run – Sunt obosit dupa ce alerg.Year after year – An dupa an.

727. DURING – prepozitie de timp- in timpul. During the day I play and at night I work. - In timpul zilei ma joc si in timpul noptii muncesc.During the concert, my cellphone rang – In timpul concertului, mi-a sunat mobilul.

728. IN – prepozitie de loc- in din romaneste- cand actiunea este statica, se poate traduce cu intr-un,intr-o- partile corpului se folosesc cu in- se foloseste la superlative.- orasele mari sunt cu IN.

Obs:Pentru in autobuz, in tren, in avion vezi on- I lost my keys in the car – Mi-am pierdut cheile in masina.- I found the keys in a pocket – Am gasit cheile intr-un buzunar.- in the arm – la brat.- the most beautiful girl in the land – cea mai frumoasa fata din tinut- one in a thousand - unul dintr-o mie.- in Paris, in Bucharest

729. Alte contexte pentru INIs Margaret in? Este Margareta acasa? Aici in este de fapt adverb.

730. AT – prepozitie de loc– inseamna laDaca actiunea este statica se foloseste at.Pentru verbe de miscare vezi to.He's at the door - El e la usa.He's at the railway station - E la gara.I sat down at the table – M-am asezat la masa.I'm at the library. - Sunt la biblioteca.

731. ON – prepozitie de loc– se foloseste de asemeni la etaje- TV, radio. internet- autobuz, avion, tren- on the table, the chair etc – pe masa, pe scaun etc- on the left – pe (partea) stanga- on the first floor – la primul etaj- on TV – la TV.- on the radio – la radio- on the internet – pe internet

- I lost my keys on the bus, on the plane, on the train.. - Mi-am pierdut cheile pe autobuz, in avion, pe tren

732. BY/NEXT TO/BESIDE – prepozitie de loc- langa, alaturi.By, next to si beside sunt sinonime.In the picture, my friend is standing by me. - In poza prietena mea sta langa mine.Stand by me! – Sprijina-ma (moral)!

733. BESIDES – prepozitie de locBESIDES nu trebuie confundat cu beside.Besides poate fi tradus cu pe langaBesides nu are sensul din Pe langa plapii fara sot care este mai degraba by. By the odd numbered poplars.Pe langa matematica, iau si cursuri de fizica.- Besides math I also take physics classes.

734. UNDER – prepozitie de loc– sub- poate avea si sens abstract.- The dog is under the table - Cainele e sub masa- Underground ants build entire cities. - Sub pamant furnicile construiesc adevarate orase.- This job is under me - inseamna ca aceasta slujba nu este demna de mine.- Under construction - in constructie.- Under atac – atacat.- Under arest – arestat.

735. UNDERNEATH – prepozitie de loc- are acelasi inteles ca under dar subliniaza ideea de ceva mic, complet acoperit de ceva mare.Asemanator cu dedesubt.Underneath se refera numai la lucruri fizice nu se refera la situatii abstracte.The money is underneath the book. - Banii sunt sub carte.

736. BELOW – prepozitie de loc– subBelow arata ca ceva este mai jos decat altceva, nu ca este neaparat sub un obiect material.below zero temperature - sub 0 gradeBelow the surface seaweed grows in abundance - Sub suprafata (apei) algele cresc din abundenta.The image below – imaginea de mai jos.He is below average – El se afla sub medie.

737. OVER – prepozitie de loc– pesteI will spread the blanket over the bed. - Voi intinde patura peste patThe bear went over the mountain – Ursul a trecut peste munte.A little over a kilometer – Putin peste un kilometru.

Walk over the bridge – Treci peste pod (traverseaza podul)He will get over it –ii va trece.Over his head – peste intelegerea lui, prea destept pentru el.We quarelled over nothing – Ne-am certat pentru nimic.Over here – aici, over there – acolo.

738. ABOVE – prepozitie de loc- deasupra.Above este opusul lui Below iar Over este opusul lui Under.The room above (us). Camera de deasupra noastra.5 degrees above 0 - 5 grade peste 0.I try to stay above these quarrels – Incerc sa raman deasupra acestor certuri.

739. ACROSS – prepozitie de loc– peste, de-a curmezisul.- de partea cealalta.Over are intelesul de asezat peste ceva, across nu.I live across the street – Locuiesc pe partea cealalta a strazii.I came across an old man in the forest. -Am dat de/peste un batran in padure.A hole 2 meters across sau 2 meters wide – O gaura cu diametrul de 2 metri.

740. THROUGH – prepozitie de loc- prin. Across este o miscare directa (to cross = a traversa).Through presupune ca si prin, un loc inchis.I walked through the forest – Am mers prin padure.I drove through the tunnel.

741. TO – prepozitie de loc– la, catre.Spre deosebire de AT care arata ca te afli undeva, TO arata ca mergi spre acel loc.I am going to the library. In 10 minutes I will be at the library – Merg catre bibliteca. In 10 minute voi fi la biblioteca.He turned to me – S-a intors catre mine.He worked them to exhaustion - I-a pus sa munceasca pana la epuizare.He was nursed back to health – A fost ingrijit pana la insanatosire.An answer to my question – Un raspuns la intrebarea mea.

742. TO – prepozitie de loc– inSpre deosebire de in, into exprima patrunderea intr-un spatiu.

Daca ideea nu este ca el este intr-un loc anume, se zice to.He went to the kitchen to get the salt - S-a dus in bucatarie sa ia sarea.. Go to your room! - Du-te in camera ta (esti pedepsit)!He went deeper and deeper into the forest. - S-a afundat din ce in ce mai adanc in padure.-He went into the kitchen.- A intrat in bucatarie.The prince was turned into a frog.- Printul s-a transformatintr-o broasca

743. TOWARDS – prepozitie de loc- spre. Miscare intr-o directie dar cu aproximatie.Take 10 steps towards me. - Fa 10 pasi spre mine.

744. BEFORE – prepozitie de loc- inainteHe stood before me in line – Era inaintea mea la coada.

745. ONTO – prepozitie de loc- pe ceva mai sus decat restul The dog jumped onto the chair – Cainele a sarit pe scaun.

746. ABOUT – prepozitie de loc- in jurulThere are flowers all about me. - Sunt flori peste tot in jurul meu.

747. WITH- cu - in sprijinul- din cauza, deI write with my left hand – Scriu cu mana stanga.He came with a present – A venit cu un cadou.He left the keys with the neighbors – A lasat cheile cu (la) vecini.I'm with the peace movement – Sprijin (Sunt cu) miscarea pacifista. trembling with fear – tremurand de frica.Sick with diabetes – bolnav de diabet.Sick with an infection: Bolnav din cauza unei infectii.

748. TO- cu- cateodata se traduce cu in- dupa- in onoarea - se foloseste si ca infinitiv fara verb cand verbul se subintelegeface to face: fata in fataface pressed to the window – fata apasata in (de) geamThey danced to the music – Au dansat dupa muzica.According to his abilities – Potrivit/Dupa capcitatile lui.A toast to my guest - Un toast in onoarea musafirului meu.I'll drink to that – Voi bea/inchina in onoarea acestei ideiSing if you want to. - Canta daca vrei (sa canti este subinteles).I hurt his feelings but I didn't mean to.- L-am jignit dar nu am vrut (sa-l jignesc se subintelege)

749. TOWARDS- cateodata inseamna si fata de Her feelings towards me – Sentimentele ei fata de mine.

750. OF- ale, de

- in: Doctor of Law – doctor in drept, doctor of medicine – doctor in medicina etc.- din partea

Observatie Cadoul e din partea lui, din partea dreapta etc se formeaza cu FROM. the customs of Romania – obieiurile Romanieiwest of here – la vest de aicidress of silk – rochie de mataseglass of wine – pahar de/cu vin,they were dying of hunger – mureau de foamehow nice of him! - ce dragut din partea lui

751. OFF- de pe, din I got off the bus/the train/the boat/the plane – M-am dat jos din autobuz/tren/vapor/avion.I raised the book off the floor – Am ridicat cartea de pe podea.Take this burden off my back – Ia-mi aceasta greutatea din spate.

752. OFF se poate folosi si in alte contexte:He drove off – El a plecat cu masina.He dozed off – a atipitHe shaved off his beard – si-a ras barba.Turn off the light/ the radio! Stinge lumina/radioul!I took my clothes/socks/hat/shoes off – Mi-am scos hainele/ciorapii/palaria/pantofii.The show/wedding etc is off. - Spectacolul/nunta etc nu se mai tine.We're off to see the wizard! The wonderful wizard of Oz! - Am plecat sa-l vedem pe vrajitor! Pe minunatul vrajitor din Oz!I'm off duty – Sunt in afara programului

753. OUT OF: - (afara) din He got out of the car – A coborat din masina.What is the wooden statue made of? It's mafe out of wood, silly!He did it out of spite – A facut-o de ciuda.Out of town by sundown – Afara din oras pana la apusul soarelui (ordin dat impotriva cuiva in zilele vestului salbatic).

754. ABOUT- despre- aprximativA book about parrots – O carte despre papagaliThat happened about a year ago – Asta s-a intamplat cam acum un an.He is about my age/height/weight – El este cam de varsta/inaltimea/greutatea mea.

755. ABOUT TO- pe punctul: I was about to miss the train – Am fost pe punctul sa pierd trenul.

756. BETWEEN- printre, dintre,intre:Totdeauna se foloseste BETWEEN in cazul a doua optiuni si nu AMONG.

This is between you and him. - Aceasta problema esteintre tine si el.The choice between good and evil - Alegerea dintre bine si rau.I talked on the phone between classes. - In perioada dintre cursuri am vorbit la telefon.

757. AMONG:- printre, dintre,intre. AMONG spre deosebire de between arata apartenenta.Daca sunt numai doua substantive implicate folositi betweenHe is among the winners El se afla printre castigatori.The money was divided among the winners. Banii s-aui impartit intre castigatori.

758. UPON - pe, asupra The wrath of God be upon you – Fie mania lui Dumnezeu asupra ta!The little girl climbed upon her dad's shoulders. - Fetita s-a urcat pe umerii tatalui ei.The statue is upon a pedestal – Statuia este pe un piedestal.Combina up si on.

759. OVER – are si intelesul de terminatOver and out – La radiourile vechi: Convorbire terminataThe movie is over - Filmul s-a terminat

760. A nu se confunda TO cu TOO care inseamna DEASEMENI sau cu TWO care inseamna DOI. I too want to go with those two – Si eu vreau sa merg cu cei doi.

761. FROM- de la- datorita- deA letter from my aunt. - O scrisoare de la matusa mea.I walked home from school – Am venit pe jos acasa de la scoala.Taking a book from the shelf – Luand o carte de pe raft.He collapsed from all the hard work. - S-a prabusit datorita (de la) muncii istovitoareShe knows right from wrong – stie binele de rau.It is 100 kilometers from here. - Este la 100 de mile de aici.

762. Vorbitorii nativi de multe ori pun prepozitii la sfarsitul frazei ceea ce poate incurca pe un strain That's where I'm going to. - Acolo ma ducDe-acolo vin - That's where I'm coming from.The money was not accounted for.- Banii nu au fost explicatiWhich class is he in? - In care clasa e?What are you talking about? - Ce vorbestiThat is something I am aware of. - Sunt constient de acest fapt.

10.CONJUNCTII

763. Conjunctiile leaga cuvinte de acelasi tip gramatical.Verbe cu verbe, substantive cu substantive.Cele mai simple conjunctii, se folosesc la fel ca in romana si sunt

si – ANDsau – ORdar – BUTdeci (asa ca) – SOAnne and Jane go to a movie - Anne si Jane merg la filmWater and oil don't mix - Apa si uleiul nu se amesteca

Do you want ham or cheese? - Vrei sunca sau branza?Are you coming or going? - Vii sau pleci?

I can't skate but I can ski - Nu pot sa patinez dar pot sa schiez.I am tall but you are taller - Eu sunt imalt dar tu esti mai inalt

It was late so I leftI was hungry so I ate

764. ALTHOUGH/THOUGH– desi.- in alte contexte are intelesul de totusi sau desi. Although it is late I am still at work - desi este tarziu sunt inca la birou.I can not come, I would like to though. - Nu pot sa vin, mi-ar placea totusi (sa vin).I can not come though I would like to - Nu pot sa vin desi mi-ar placea

765. AS- ca– pe cand– asa cumas ...as– she is as cute as a button sau she is cute as a button. - Ea este draguta ca un nasturas.- clean as a pack of new pins - curat ca un pachet de ace noi.- happy as a skylark - fericita ca o ciocarlieetcDo as I do – Fa ca mine.As I read on the lesson became easier – Pe cand citeam lectia a devenit mai usoara.He cannot come as you well know – Nu poate veni asa cum bine sti.

766. BECAUSE- pentru caTake your coat because it's cold outside – Ia-ti haina pentru ca este frig afara

767. IF– daca, daca...atunci If you are happy, clap you're hands. Daca esti vesel, bate din palmesauatunci bate din palme – then clap your hands.

768. SINCE si SINCE WHEN– de cand

SINCE nu se foloseste la interogativLa interogativ se foloseste SINCE WHEN.The boy is sad since his parrot flew away. - Baiatul este trist de cand i-a zburat papagalul.Since when do you swim? Since I was six.- De cand inoti? De cand aveam sase ani.

769. SINCE– are si intelesul de cum- din Since you know everything, I won't tell you – Cum tu le stii pe toate nu iti spun.She has been skiing since childhood – Ea a schiat din copilarie.

770. THAN- decat, ca I am taller than you.- Eu sunt mai inalt ca tine.Better later than never - Mai bine mai tarziu decat niciodata

771. UNLESS- decat dacaDon't answer the door unless it rings three times. - Sa nu raaspunzi la usa decat daca suna de trei ori.

772. WHERE- unde, acolo undeWhere are my eyeglasses? - Unde imi sant ochelarii?Where you left them. - Acolo unde i-ai lasat.He stays in hotels where rooms are cheap. - Sta in hoteluri unde camerele sunt iefine.He stays where rooms are cheap. - El sta acolo unde camerele sunt ieftine.

773. WHERE...FROM?- de undeWhere are you from? - De unde esti?I am from Bucharest – Sunt din Bucuresti

774. WHEN - cand, atunci candWhen you buy food, always check the expiration date. - Cand cumperi mancare totdeauna verifica data expirarii.When did she leave? - (She left) when the phone rang.Cand a plecat? - (A plecat) atunci cand a sunat telefonul.

775. WHILE- in timp ce

Tot while poate fi si substantiv cu intelesul de putin timp, un pic.Whistle while you work – Fluiera in timp ce muncesti.Stay with us for a while - Stai cu noi un pic.

776. BOTH ... AND- atat...cat si

Both his dog and his cat sleep on his bed – Atat cainele cat si pisica lui dorm la el in pat.

777. EITHER ... OR- sau...sauYou either apologize for breaking the vase or you buy it. - Sauiti ceri scuze ca ai spart vasul sau il cumperi.

778. NEITHER ... NOR- nici ...nici.No. I'll neither apologize nor buy it. - Nu, nici nu ii voi cere scuze nici nu il voi cumpara.

779. NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO- nu numai...ci si Not only was I pushed but I also hit myself when I fell over the vase. - Nu numai ca am fost impins ci m-am si lovit cand am cazut peste vas.

11.ORDINEA CUVINTELOR

780. Complimentul determina predicatul. El este de urmatoarele tipuri. Compliment directEu joc sah.Raspunde la intrebarea ce?Ce joc? Sah.Sah este compliment directComplimentul indirectEu joc sah cu bunica.Raspunde la una din intrebarile: (cui?, pe ce?, cu cine?, cu ce?, despre cine? despre ce? etc)Cu cine joc? Cu bunica.Bunica este compliment indirect.Compliment de modEu joc sah bineRaspunde la intrebarea Cum?Cum joc? Bine.Compliment de locEu joc sah in fata bloculuiRaspunde la intrebarea Unde?Unde joc? In fata blocului.Compliment de timpEu joc sah zilnic.Raspunde la intrebarea Cand?Cand joc? Zilnic.

781. Subiectul vine in fata predicatului iar complementul direct vine dupa predicat. I am reading – Eu citescI am reading a book – Eu citesc o carte.Aceasta ordine se pastreaza si in cadrul propozitiilor din fraza.

The people who are my neighbors are reading a story book. - Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc o carte.

782. Daca exista si un complement indirect acesta vine dupa complimentul direct daca se foloseste prepozitia to.The people who are my neighbors are reading a story book (comp direct) to the little girl (comp indirect)- Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc o poveste fetitei.sauThe people who are my neighbors are reading the little girl (comp indirect) a storybook(comp direct) - Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc fetitei o poveste.

783. Daca nu exista compliment direct (a storybook) este obligatoriu sa se puna to cand complimentul indirect raspunde la intrebarea cui?The people who are my neighbors are reading to the little girl - Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc fetitei.Alt exemplu care nu cere to (nu rasunde la intrebarea cui?)The prople who are my neighbors are reading a storybook with the little girl - Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc cu fetita.

784. Adverbele de timp cu caracter precis (yesterday ieri, today - azi, tomorrow - maine, last year - anul trecut, last month - luna trecuta, next year - anul viitor etc) se pun la inceputul frazeiOrice altfel de compliment vine dupa complimentul direct daca acesta exista.Daca nu exista vine direct dupa predicat.Yesterday, the people who are my neighbors were reading a storybook to the little girl. - Ieri, oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citeau o poveste fetitei.Sometimes the people who are my neighbors read a storybook with the little girl.- Cateodata, oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc o poveste cu fetita.br> Sometimes the people who are my neighbors read a storybook out loid to the little girl in the evening - Cateodata, oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc cu voce tare o poveste fetitei seara.

785. Alte reguli: adjectivele se pun inaintea substantivelor, iar adverbele de frecventa se intercaleaza la verbeLast month, the people who are my neighbors would often read a beautiful storybook to the little girl in the park in the evening. - Luna trecuta oamenii care sunt vecinii mei deseori citeau cu voce tare o frumoasa poveste fetitei seara, in park.

786. Never si hardly au urmatoarea regula de inversare a subiectului cu predicatul.Se zice:I have never heard such beautiful stories sauNever have I heard such beautiful stories.- Niciodata nu am mai auzit povesti atat de frumoaseI could hardly believe my earssauHardly could I believe my ears.- Abia-mi puteam auzi urechilor.

787. Inversiunea in cazul lui if.Cand se inverseaza if cade.

If I had known the truthsauHad I known the truth.

12.CONCORDANTA TIMPURILOR

788. In englezeste timpul unui verb (trecut, prezent sau viitor indiferent ca e continuu sau nu) trebuie sa urmeze o anumita structura in cadrul frazei, structura numita concordanta timpurilor.Aceasta spune ca in functie de timpul verbului din propozitia principala, verbul din propozitia secundara nu poate fi decat la un anumit timp.De exemplu Eu mancam cand tu ai venit acasa. - I was eating when you came home.Cand mancam? Cand tu ai venit acasa. - propozitia secundaraAici si in engleza si in romana ambele propozitii sunt la trecut si se respecta concordanta timpurilor.Insa daca spunem: El a zis ca face bine, in romaneste nu se respecta structura ceruta de concordanta timpurilorCare in engleza cere sa spunem El a zis ca facea bine.Pentru romani o asemenea exprimare da impresia ca facea bine inainte sa fii zis acest lucru, in trecut, dar in engleza constructia este : He said that he was well.Daca am vrea sa spunem ca mai demult era bine spunem: He said that he had been well.

789. Daca in principala verbul este la prezent sau la viitor, in secundara verbul poate fi la orice timp prezent trecut sau viitor dupa context.He says that he is a studentHe says that he was a studentHe says that he will be a studentHe will say that he is a studentHe will say that he was a studentHe will say that he will be a student

790. Daca in principala verbul este la trecut in secundara verbul va fi la un timp perfect (aceste timpuri au legatura cu trecutul)He said that he was a student – El a spus ca este studentTraducere exacta: El a spus ca era (a fost) student - Past Tense

He said that he had been a student – El a spus ca el era studentTraducere exacta: El a spus ca fusese student – Past Perfect

He said that he would be a student – El a spus ca va fi studentTraducere exacta: El a spus ca ar fi student - Conditional (numit in acest context si Future in the Past)

791. Daca principala este la conditional prezent atunci secundara este la trecut (past tense) I would go there if I had a passport – M-as duce acolo daca as avea pasaport

792. Daca principala este la conditional trecut atunci secundara este la mai mult ca perfectul I would have gone there if I had had a passsport. - M-as fi dus acolo daca as fi avut pasaport.

793. Daca secundara exprima un adevar absolut He said that global warming is happening for real – A spus ca incalzirea globala se intampla cu adevarat. - nu was happeningThey recited the poem that is the longest in the world. - A recitat poezia care e cea mai lunga din lume - nu was the longest

794. Daca secundara descrie un loc, da o explicatie sau face o comparatie.He lived in a town where everybody rides horses. - Locuia intr-un oras unde toti oamenii calaresc cai.He went to Brasov because he is from there. - S-a dus la Brasov pentru ca e de acoloThey said that old cars are best. - Ei au spus ca masinile vechi sunt cele mai bune

795. Daca secundara joaca rolul de adjectiv (este o propozitie atributiva) de exemplu: Elevul a compus o poezie care imi place foarte mult – The student composed a poem that I like very much.(si nu that I liked)

796. May din secundara se transforma in might la trecut, daca secundara a fost introdusa cu that.He hopes he may get another chance – Spera sa mai primeasca o sansa.He hoped he might get another chance. - Spera sa mai primeasca o sansa.sau (fara may si might)He hoped he got another chance.

797. Daca principala este la viitor, secundara dupa cum am vazut poate sa fie la orice timp.DAR daca este introdusa prin when, until, before, after atunci secundara se pune la prezent.You will know when I am done (NU will be done) - Vei sti cand am terminatI will stay here until the rain stops (NU: the rain will stop) - Voi sta aici pana se opreste ploaia.

798. Daca principala este la conditional prezent si secundara contine verbul ito be acesta devine were la toate persoanele I would have my own car if I were 18. - As avea masina mea daca as avea 18 ani.

799. Principalele care contin as if (ca si cum), if (daca), if only(doar daca), it is time (este timpul, este cazul) si wish that (a dori sa) sunt urmate de secundare la trecut. I wish I was younger – Imi doresc sa fiu mai tanarIt is time you stopped feeling sorry for yourself – Este cazul sa nu-ti mai plangi de mila.She plays the violin as if her life depended on it – Canta la vioara ca si cum ii depinde viata de asta (altfel isi da duhul).

800. Sa presupunem ca Alice zice:

I want to buy this car tomorrow - Vreau sa cumpar masina asta maine.Aceasta este vorbirea directa.Alice a zis ca vrea sa cumpere masina asta maine este vorbire indirecta.Asa cum rezulta din aceasta constructie acest gen de propozitii cere intotdeauna atentie sporita la concordanta timpurilor.

801. Daca cand povestim ce a spus Alice suntem in aceeasi zi si langa masina spunem: Alice said (that) she wanted to buy this car tommorow. - Alice a zis ca vrea sa cumpere masina asta maine.Vorbirea indirecta se introduce prin that (ca in romana, Alice a spus ca...) Dar acesta poate lipsi.Daca suntem in viitor si nu langa masina spunem:Alice said that she wanted to buy that car the next day.In loc de that putem zice the one I told you about sau doar the car etc ca si in romaneste.

802. Daca vrem sa spunem Alice said to me that... (Alice mi-a spus mie...) se inlocuieste verbul to say cu to tell . Alice told me...

803. Iata o lista de schimbari care pot fi necesare la vorbirea indirecta: this devine thatthese devine thosenow devine thentomorrow devine the next daytoday devine that dayyesterday devine the day beforeago devine beforenext week poate deveni last week

13.REGULI DE ORTOGRAFIE ENGLEZA

804. Urmatoarele sunete a (cat) , e (hen), i (pig), o (dog), u (bug) se numesc vocale scurte.

805. Sunetele vocalice din made, pete, fine, bone, fuse se numesc vocale lungi.

806. Diftong este un sunet format din doua sunete care se citesc odata.In romaneste oa (soarta) este diftong. Engleza contine 8 diftomgi care se pronunta in urmatoarele cuvinte:;br: day - zisky - certoy - jucariebeer - berebear - urstour - turno - nubrown - maron

807. Litera SLa inceputul cuvantului se citeste intotdeauna ca pe romaneste:to swim – a inotasame – la felto see – a vedeasky - cersoft – moaleseat - scaunseed – samantaLitera s la mijlocul cuvantului se citeste fie sfaster – mai repedeloose - larguse - folosintaFie se citeste Z Cazurile [si], [su] sunt tratate separat.SS – se pronunta s si este la mijocul sau la sfarsitul cuvantului:lesson - lectieclass - clasacross - cruceaddress - adresaless – mai micto caress – a mangaiaExceptiidessert – desertscissors – foarfeceto posses - a poseda

808. C se citeste s inainte de e, i, y : center - centru, celery - telina, malice – rautate, circle - cerc, cinema – cinematograf, cyanide – cianura, bicycle – bicicleta.

809. S se citeste si combinatia sce si sci: science - stiintaascent - inaltare

810. S se citeste si combinatia ps la inceputul cuvantului: psalm - psalmpsychology - psihologie

in interior se citeste ps:corpse - cadavruto incapsulate - a incapsula

811. Pluralele sau terminatiile verbale s si es se citesc Fie s daca vin dupa suntele (nu literele): f, t, k,p: laughs - rasete, staffs - toiege, cats - pisici, works - munci, maps - hartiFie [iz] dupa s, z, x, ch, tch, ge, dge, shFie z in celelalte cazuri.

812. Sunetul C K la inceputul cuvantului se citeste c daca nu este urmat de un n: kitten – pisoi, kettle – ceainic, kitchen bucatarie, to kiss – a saruta, to kill – a omorî.

Daca K la inceputul cuvantului este urmat de un n, nu se aude K: knife – cutit; to knit - aimpleti, knee – genunchi, to know – a sti.

813. Litera KDaca este la sfarsitul cuvantului, si vine dupa o vocala scurta se inlocuieste cu ckto pack – aimpacheta, cracker – biscuit, sick – bolnav, dock – debarcader, truck – camionDaca vine dupa o vocala lunga. un diftong sau dupa o consoana k nu se schimbalook - uite, book - carte, beak - cioc, skeleton - schelet, sky - cer, napkin - servetel

814. Litera C Se poate citi si c nu numai s. Aceasta inaintea vocalelor a, o, u si inaintea consoanelorcat, corn, record, calculate, crab, class.Aceasta regula este valabila si pentru CC inaintea vocalelor a, o, u account, occur, accord.Inaintea vocalelor E, I, Y,.CC se citeste [CS].Ca terminatie in combinatia ic, c totdeauna se citeste c.analytic - analitichistoric - istoric

815. QUE in cateva cuvinte se citeste la sfarsit Cunique - unictechnique - tehnicphysique - fizic

816. Literele CH Reprezinta sunetul c in cuvinte de origine greaca sau latina:mechanic - mecanic, monarchy - monarhie, school - scoala, chemistry - chimie

817. Sunetul CHAceasta combinatie tipic reprezinta sunetul ch din multe cuvintelor englezesti cum ar fi:chair - scaun, rich - bogat, church – biserica, child – copil.

El mai poate reprezenta sunetul c dupa cum am vazut sau sunetul s in cuvinte de origine frantuzeasca.

818. Combinatia TCH reprezinta acelasi sunet ca ch tipic kitchen-bucatarieto catch – a prinde

819. Combinatia TU e foarte aproape de ch tipic depature - plecarenature - naturacentury - secol

820. Sunetul GLitera G se citeste G inainte de vocalele a, o, u si inainte de consoane, cu exceptia lui hGod, game, gold, guy, singular, kangaroo, grass, grey, glass.In unele cuvinte inainte de E si I se citeste g, in altele se citeste j.Cuvinte in care se citeste g:girl - fata, to get - a lua, geese - gaste, anger - manie, singer - cantaret, finger - deget.Daca incheie cuvantul G totdeauna se citeste G: dog, bag, fog, beg, fig.GG in general se citeste g: giggle, wiggle, egg.Exceptii exaggerate, suggestUnele cuvinte au terminatia GUE, niciodata GU: tongue - limba, vague - vag

821. Literele GH Se pronunta G numai la inceputul cuvantului:ghost - stafie, ghetto - ghetouLa sfarsitul cuvantului aceasta combinatie sau nu se citeste sau se pronunta F.Cuvinte in care nu se citeste: though – desi, through – prin, bough – ramura.

822. Combinatia GHTEste alta combinatie des intalnita.Ea pastreaza regulile lui GH anumeSunt cuvinte in care combinatia GH nu se aude si GHT se citeste Tthought – gand, height – inaltime, weight – greutate. si altele, putine, in care GHT se citeste FT: laughter

823. Sunetul dat de litera J(joy)Litera G se citeste ca joy in unele cuvinte inainte de E si I:gentle - bland, general - general, giant - urias, gin - gin (rachiu), giraffe - girafaSe citeste totdeauna j(joy) inainte de y:gypsy - tigan, gym - sala de fitness, Egypt - Egipt

824. La inceputul sau la mijlocul cuvintelor se foloseste de multe ori litera J: joy - bucuriejet - avion cu reac?iejust - tocmaipajamas - pijama

825. La sfarsitul cuvintelor adeseori se foloseste DGE dupa vocale scurtebridge - podjudge - judecatoredge - marginebadge - insignabadger - bursucto fidget - a se foi

826. GE: cottage, manage apare oriunde in cuvant si este si parte din terminatia des intalnita age.Se citeste j(joy) cu exceptia unor cuvinte de origine straina: garage.

827. Sunetul ZH (j romanesc)Combinatia GE in cazul unor cuvinte de origine straina:garage - garaj, mirage - miraj, montage - montaj.

828. Sunetul ZH (j romanesc)Literele SI se citesc ca acest sunet.erosion - eroziuneexplosion - explozievision - viziune

829. Sunetul ZH (j romanesc)Literele SU se citesc ca acest sunet.visual - vizuallejer - leisureplacere - pleasure

830. Sunetul ZHGH se citeste F la sfarsitul unor cuvintelaugh - rasetcough - tusitenough - destul

831. Sunetul F De cele mai multe ori este dat chiar de consoana Ffile - fisier, after - dupa, safe - siguranta, fin - aripioara (de peste), scarf - baticDaca vocala inainte de f este scurta si dupa f fie vine inca o vocala sau se termina cuvantul, f se dubleazato affirm - a afirma, offer - oferta, cuff - manseta, muff - manson, bluff - cacealma

832. Sunetul FCombinatia PH reprezinta sunetul Fphoto - fotografiealphabet - alfabetsymphony - simfonie

833. Sunetul S (ca in smecher)Cel mai ades acest sunet este reprezentat de combinatia SHto shine – a stralucifish – pesteshampoo – samponshe – eashelter – adapost

834. Combinatia CH poate fi citita s(smecher) in cuvinte de origine frantuzeascachic - sicchef - sefmustache - mustata

835. Combinatia CI e citita s(smecher)

magician - magiciandelicious - deliciossocial - social

836. Combinatia SI poate fi citita s(smecher) mission - misiuneextension - extensiuneconprehension - comprehensiuneinsa nusick - bolnavrasin - stafida

837. Combinatia TI poate fi citita s(smecher) to negotiate - a negociapatient - pacientsection - sectiuneinsa nustatic - statictiara - tiara

838. Combinatia SU poate fi citita s(smecher) sugar - zaharsure - sigurpressure - presiunetissue - tesutinsa nusun - soareopossum - oposum

839. X - reprezinta sunetul XCa si in romanaCS:exercise – exercitiuto explain – a explicaextreme – extremaexport – exportto mix - a amestecaGZ:exact – exactexample - exempluto exit - a iesi

840. XH se citeste cateodata tot XH nu se audecs: exhibition - expozitiegz: to exhaust – a epuiza

H se audeto exhume – a exhumato exhale – a expira

841. Combinatia CC inaintea vocalelor E, I, YSe citeste [CS]accident - accidentto succeed - a reusi

842. Sunetul ZLitera S de multe ori reda acest sunet.rose - trandafirto lose – a pierdeto use – a folosi

843. Combinatia ESDupa s, z, x, ch, tch, ge, dge, sh se citeste [IZ]classes - claseroses - trandafiriprizes - premiiquizzes - testematches - chibriturioranges - portocalebridges - poduridishes - farfuriifixes . repara

844. La inceputul cuvantului sunetul Z este aproape totdeauna reprezentat prin litera Zzebra - zebrazero – zerozoo - zooexceptiexylophone - xilofon

845. Litera Z se citeste Z in practic toate cuvinteleLiterele ZZ se citesc tot ZIn foarte putine cazuri z si zz se citesc ca in limbile din care provin cuvintele respective:pizza, mozzarella, Mozart, Nazi.Deasemeni In cele cateva cuvinte in care apare combinatia TZ ea se citeste ts:waltz - vals, blitz - blit (aparat foto) dozen – duzinalazy – lenesquiz – extemporalpuzzlemuzzle – botnita

846. In cateva cuvinte grecesti litera X se citeste Z xylophone – xilofonxenfobia – xenofobiexerox - xerox

847. mb la sfarsitul cuvantului se citeste m: comb - pieptanmiel - lamb

848. wr la inceput se citeste rto write - a scrieto wring - a stoarcewrist - inceietura mainii

849. lk dupa a se citeste ktalk - conversatiewalk - plimbarealtfel se citeste lkmilk - laptebulk - in masa

850. Cand intr-un cuvant exista o singra vocala si aceasta nu se afla la sfarsitul cuvantului se citeste ca vocala scurta fat - grascat - pisicahen - gainamen - barbatibig - marewill - testamenthot - fierbintedog - cainebug - insectadumb - prost

Exceptie comb - pieptan

851. O vocala singura aflata la sfarsitul cuvantului se citeste ca vocala lunga. she - eahe - elno - nugo - mergi

852. Cand un cuvant se termina in e, acesta este mut dar vocala dinaintea lui devine lunga to make - a facecradle - leagan bebelusfire - fochole - gauraabuse - abuzexceptiiscare - spaimasome - uniisure - sigur

853. Cand doua vocale diferite sunt alaturate deobicei prima se citeste ca vocala lunga iar a doua nu se citesterain - ploaie, pail - galeata, play - joaca, lied - a mintit, cheat - trisordar sunt destule exceptii de la aceasta regularead – read – read - a citibread - paineto swear - a jurasaid - a zisfair - targcow - vacabrown - maron

854. Cand o vocala este urmata de o consoana dubla, ea se citeste ca vocala scurta. fatty - grasanskinny - slabanogsummer - varafunny - nostimto stammer - a se balbai

855. Ee si uu se citesc ca vocale lungito peek - a trage cu ochiulto greet - a salutavacuum - aspirator

856. Oo deobicei se citeste u ca in pool - bazinfool - prosttool - unealtadar si ca inbook - cartefoot - piciordoor - usa

14.CATEVA DIFERENTE DINTRE ENGLEZA BRITANICA SI AMERICANA

857. In engleza americana present perfect este mult mai putin folosit si este inlocuit de past tense.Am pregatit masa pentru petreceredevineI have prepared the meal for the party – engleza britanicaI prepared the meal for the party – engleza americanaAceste diferente exista si in cazul folosirii adverbelor already, just si yettocmai am ajuns acasa devineI've just got home – engleza britanicaI just got home – engleza americana.

858. In engleza americana verbul to have - a avea, in forma sa de verb de sine statator, nu de auxiliar, de multe ori este inlocuit de have got.I have got a farm poate inlocui I have a farm. - Am o ferma

859. Formele verbului to getin engleza britanicato get – got – got

in engleza americanaeste deseori folosita si formato get – got – gotten

860. Datele se scriu altfel in engleza britanica fata de engleza americana.23 august 1944In engleza britanicathe 23rd of August 1944

In engleza americanaaugust 23rd, 1944august 23, 1944

861. Substantivele colectiveUn substantiv care exprima un grup: armata, comitet, stol etc In engleza britanica un substantiv colectiv e la singular (verbul se pune la singular) daca in cadrul propozitiei intelesul e de bloc care actioneaza ca unul si la plural in sens contrarA committee was appointed - A fost numit un comitetThe committee were unable to agree - Comitetul nu s-a (s-au in engleza) putut pune de acord

In engleza americana totdeauna aceste substantive sunt la singularThe committee was unable to agree

862. Auxiliarul shall e putin folosit in engleza americana. Iar shan't (forma negativa) nu e folosit deloc in engleza americana.

863. In engleza americana dupa verbe ca to go - a merge, to come - a veni si to help - a ajuta se foloseste mult urmatoarea constructie: I want to go eat - Vreau sa merg sa manancI wish to help build the house - Vreau sa ajut sa se construiasca casaCan you come see a movie? - Poti sa vii sa vezi un film?in loc deI want to go to eatI wish to help to build the houseCan you come to see a movie?

Engleza britanica in schimb zice:I want to go and eatI wish to help and build the houseCan you come and see a movie?

864. Engleza americana are tendinta (cateodata) de a taia sufixele adjectivelor formate cu ing, din participiu (cu ed) sau genitivul saxon('s).Prezentam mai jos forma americana, forma englezeasca si traducerea pentru cateva exemple. jumprope - skipping rope - coarda (de sarit)racecar - racing car - masina de cursedial tone - dialing tone - ton (de telefonat)mash potatoes - mashed potatoesdollhouse - doll's house

865. In engleza britanica la rauri cuvantul Rau -RIVER se pune la inceput iar in engleza americana la sfarsit. The River Thames - raul Tamisa (in Marea Britanie)River Trent - Marea BritanieMississippi River - raul Mississippi (in SUA)Yukon River - Canada

866. Diferente ortografice intre engleza britanica si engleza americanaRedam mai jos schimbarile principale de ortografie, cu prima varianta fiind cea britanica.Diferentele de ortografie sunt cel mai ades vizibile la terminatiile unor cuvinte.Regulile se aplica pentru orice cuvant (cu unele exceptii), nu doar pentru cele prezentate.- our, - orcolour - color - culoare, flavour - flavor - savoare; humour - humor - umor

- re, - ercentre - center - centru, metre - meter - metru

- ise, -izerecognise - recognize - recunoaste, realize - realise - realiza

- ogue, - oganalogue - analog, catalogue - catalog

867. Diferenta de cuvinte.Prezentam mai jos o lista de 40 de cuvinte care difera in engleza britanica fata de engleza americana

Engleza Britanica Engleza Americana Traducerea

Aerial Antenna Antena

Autumn Fall Toamna

biscuit cookie fursec

bonnet hood capota

boot trunk portbagaj

braces suspenders bretele

chemist's drugstore farmacie

the cinema the movies cinematograf

cotton thread ata

crossroads intersection intersectie

curtains drapes perdele

dust-bin trashcan caldare de gunoi

engine motor motor

film movie film

flat apartment apartament

ground floor first floor parter

handbag purse poseta

holiday vacation vacanta

ill sick bolnav

jug pitcher container cu lichid, ulcior

lift elevator lift

lorry truck camion

luggage baggage valiza

maize corn porumb

nappy diaper scutec

pavement sidewalk trotuar

to peep to peek a trage cu ochiul

petrol gasoline benzina

postman maiman postas

pub bar bar

queue line coada

rubber eraser guma de sters

sweet desert desert

timetable schedule orar

tin can conserva

torch flashlight lanterna

trousers pants pantaloni

waistcoat vest vesta

wardrobe closet sifonier

zip zipper fermoar

15.FALSE FRIENDS

868. Exista in limba engleza cuvinte care seamana cu unele cuvinte din limba romana dar care au alt inteles.Aceste cuvinte se numesc false friends adica prieteni falsi, inselatori.Cand le intalnim ne bucuram ca le stim dar de fapt suntem pacaliti, fiindca insemnau altceva.Iata o lista de 20 astfel de cuvinte.

Nr Friend Traducere Nu inseamna Care se zice

1 actual adevaratul actual present

2 actually de fapt actual present

3 antic gluma, farsa antic ancient

4 bucket galeata buchet bouquet

5 directory carte de adrese director manager

6 to entitle a indreptati a intitula to title

7 eventually in final eventual possibly

8 fabric material textil fabrica factory

9 genial amabil genial brilliant

10 gust boare de vant gust taste

11 infatuation iubire puternica infatuare conceit

12 library biblioteca librarie bookstore

13 to matter a conta materie tot matter(substantiv)

14 minister preot, ministru ministru tot minister

15 parcel pachet parcela lot of land

16 physician doctor fizician physicist

17 present cadou, prezent prezent tot present

18 to realize a-si da seama a realiza to accomplish

19 sensible intelept sensibil sensitive

20 talon gheara talon coupon

16.LUNILE ANULUI

869. Lunile anului in engleza Se scriu totdeauna cu litera mareAnotimpurile insa se scriu cu litera mica.

In December we celebrate Christmas - In Decembrie sarbatorim Craciunul.In the spring we celebrate Easter - Primavara sarbatorim Pastele January - ianuarieFebruary - februarieMarch - martieApril - aprilieMay - maiJune - iunieJuly - iulieAugust - augustSeptember - septembrieOctober - octombrieNovember - noiembrieDecember - decembrie

17.ANOTIMPURILE IN ENGLEZA

870. Anotimpurile in EnglezaSe scriu cu litera micaLa anotimpuri se foloseste prepozitia in the cand ne reperim la ceva din cadrul ei, altfel nu se articuleaza si e fara in(exemplul 3) spring - primavarasummer - varafall, autumn - toamnawinter - iarna

In the winter it snows. - Iarna ningeIn the summer the snow melts - Primavara zapada se topesteThis summer I will go fishing - Vara asta ma duc la pescuit.I hope fall doesn't come early - Sper ca toamna sa nu vina devreme.

18.ZILELE SAPTAMANII

871. Zilele saptaminii in englezaSe scriu totdeauna cu litera mare

Se folosesc cu prepozitia on daca ne referim la ceva din ziua aceea.Deci de exemplu lunea se zice on Monday sau Monday in functie de context.I was born on a Monday. - M-am nascut intr-o zi de luni.

Monday - luniTuesday - martiWednesday - miercuriThursday - joiFriday - vineriSaturday - sambataSunday - duminica

I'll be done by Friday - Voi fi terminat pana vineriAnd on Saturday I'll come visit - Si sambata vin sa te vizitez.Saturdays are fun - Sambetele sunt distractive.Monday is a hard day to stand - Lunea e o zi greu de suportat.

19.FORMULE DE SALUT IN ENGLEZA

872. Formule de salut in englezaIntre prieteniHiHowdyHey

PoliticosHelloHello, how are you? - Ce mai faci? - Cand esti introdus cuiva nou.Greetings - SalutariGood morning - Buna dimineataGood afternoon - Buna ziua (dupa ora 12)Good evening - Buna seara

PedantHow do you do?

20.FORMULE DE DESPARTIRE IN ENGLEZA

873. Formule de despartire in englezaGoodbye - La revedereBye - PaBye bye - PaSee you later - Sa ne vedem mai tarziuTake it easy! - Ia-o usor!Take care! - Ai grija(de tine)Catch ya later - Te prind mai tarziuHave fun! - Distractie placuta!

21.URARI IN ENGLEZA

874. Urari in engleza

Cheers! - Noroc! (la ciocnitul de pahare)Good luck! - Succes! Bafta!Happy Birthday - La multi ani!Happy New Year - La multi ani! (de revelion)Merry Christmas! - Craciun fericit!Enjoy! - Pofta buna!Congratulations - Felicitari!

22.FORMULE DE POLITETE SI EXPRESII

875. Formule de politete si expresii in englezaSay hi to John for me - Saluta-l pe John din partea mea!Don't worry! - Nu-ti face probleme!Hurry up! - Grabeste-te!That's all right!I'm sorry! - Iarta-ma!Excuse me! - Scuza-ma!That's all right! - N-are nimic!Bless you! - Noroc!(la stranut)Pardon? - Poftim?Your welcome - Cu placereThank you - MultumescThanks - Merci!Please - Te rog!

23.ALFABETUL SI CURIOZITATI ALE LIMBII ENGLEZE

876. Alfabetul limbii engleze

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Urmatoarea fraza engleza contine toate literele englezesti.The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog - Vulpea iute, maronie sare peste cainele lenes

877. English is a language in which you can turn a light on and you can turn a light off and you can turn a light out, but you can't turn a light in; Engleza e o limba in care poti aprinde lumina (turn on the light) poti stinge o lumina (turn off the light), poti opri o lumina(tun out the light) dar nu poti sa o predai(turn somebody in)

878. When the sun or the moon or the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.Cand soarele, luna sau stelele sunt out (afara) ele sunt vizibile, dar cand lumina e out (afara) e invizibila (e stinsa)

879. The sun comes up and goes down, but prices go up and come down.

Soarele vine in sus (rasare) si merge in jos(apune) dar preturile merg in sus(cresc) si vin in jos(scad)

880. Why are people who ride motorcycles called bikers and people who ride bikes called cyclists?De ce oamenii care merg pe motociclete (motorcycles) sunt numiti bikers iar cei care merg pe biciclete (bikes) sunt numiti cyclists?

881. How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites?Cum poate o posibilitate slaba (adica mica) si o posibilitate grasa (tot mica) sa insemne acelasi lucru, pe cand un om intelept si un tip intelept (cum am zice noi (Desteptule!) au sensuri opuse?

882. You have to marvel at the uhigue lunacy of a language in which the house burns up as in burns down, you fill in a form by filling it out and an alarm clock goes off by going on.Trebuie sa te minunezi de nebunia unei limbi in care o casa arde in sus pe cand arde in jos, in care umpli (fill in) un formular, completandu-l(fill out)si un ceas desteptator suna (goes off) dupa trecerea timpului (going on)

883. In what language do people recite at a play and play at a recital? Ship by truck and send cargo by ship?In ce alta limba oamenii recita intr-o piesa (play) si canta (play) la un recital?

24.GRESELI FRECVENTE IN LIMBA ENGLEZA

884. Gresit: - My sister is doctor My sister is a doctor - Sora mea e doctor.

885. Gresit: I have told you all what I know.I have told you all (that) I know.

886. Gresit:I realized my plan to go fishing.I accomplished my plan to go fishing - Mi-am realizat planul de a merge la pescuit.

887. Gresit: Is good ideaGresit: I like very muchIt is a good idea - E o idee bunaI like it very much - Imi place foarte mult

888. Gresit: According to me, it’s a bad movie.In my opinion, it’s a bad movie - Dupa parerea mea.

889. Gresit: Normally I will be there next Friday.I should be able to be there next Friday - In mod normal voi veni vinerea viitoare

890. Gresit: I am working for Company XI work for Company X - Lucrez pentru Compania X

891. Gresit: Except Andu, everybody was there. Except for Andu, everybody was there.- In afara lui Andu, au venit toti.

892. Gresit: I love the music.I love music - Iubesc muzica

893. Gresit: I have done a mistake.I have made a mistake. - Am facut o greseala

894. Gresit: Please, how I go to the park?Gresit: Do you know where is my purse?Please how do I go to the park? - Va rog, cum merg in parc?Do you know where my purse is? - Stii unde mi-e poseta?

25.PUNCTUATIA

895. Folosirea virgulei (the comma) in engleza 1. In caz de apozitie, o intercalare in propozitie care actioneaza ca o lamurire dar ar putea si sa lipseasca.2. Cand e o insiruire. Spre deosebire de romana se pune virgula si inainte de si3. Daca substantivul are mai multe adjective ele se depart prin virgula.Ultimul adjectiv nu are si in fata.4.Intre oras si tara se pune virgula: Brasov, Romania5 Explicatiile introductive ca si apozitiile se despart prin virgula.6.Intre doua propozitii independente.(juxtapunere)7.Se pune virgula dupa cazul vocativ.8.Inainte si dupa ghilimele se pune virgula daca este vorbire directa.

896. Folosirea cratimei (the hyphen si the dash) in engleza The hyphen este o liniuta de unire scurta care uneste cuvinte care impreuna formeaza un nou cuvant: up-to-date, twenty-one etc.The dash este o liniuta lunga care poate delimita o scurta intrerupere de text, o schimbare brusca a ideii sau o rasturnare de situatii..

897. Folosirea ghilimelelor (quotation marks) in engleza In engleza nu se folosesc linii de dialog asa ca folosirea ghilimelelor e obligatorie.Daca in interiorul unui dialog cineva da alt citat, atunci se pun ghilimele simple.

898. Folosirea punct si virgula (the semicolon) in engleza Se foloseste cand se despartdoua propozitii independente dar inrudite.Se folosesc pe post de virgula in insiruiri care deja necesita virgule.

26.COMPUNEREA UNEI SCRISORI

899. Elementele unei scrisori oficiale in engleza 1. Adresa proprie - se scrie in coltul din dreapta sus2. Adresa destinatar - se scrie pe stanga mai jos de nivelul adresei proprii.

3. Formula de politeteDear Sir or Madam - Draga Dle sau Dna - in cazul in care nu stim cine ne va citi scrisoareaDear Mr X sau Dear Mrs X in caz contrar.4.Continutul: O fraza introductiva care sa explice scopul scrisorii: cerere, plangere etc5.Continutul propriu zis. Scurt si la obiedt6.Un paragraf de incheiere in care sa precizezi ce masura vrei sa ia destinatarul.7.Formula de incheiere: Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully etc8.Semnatura

900. Exemple de scrisoareOrder - Scrisoare de comanda123, S Figueroa StrSan Francisco, CADear Sir,I would like to purchase the Encyclopedia of the Living World which I saw advertised in your company catalogue.I have sent the amount of ... $ to the address specified in the catalogue via PaypalI am hoping I will receive it in two weeks as advertised.Regards,Mr Anderson

Letter of confirmation - Scrisoare de confirmare123 E Shelby AveHoughton, MI 48831Dear Mr Anderson,Your order has been processed. We are pleased to inform you that your order for The Encyclopedia of the Living World should arrive on Tuesday, April 1stIf you have any questions or comments feel free to contact us at the phone number provided.Thank you for shopping with us.Best wishes,Mr Jones