DIDACTICA SPECIALITATII rezolvare

7/21/2019 DIDACTICA SPECIALITATII rezolvare

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DIDACTICA SPECIALITATII:EXAMEN 28.02.2015

1. UN PRINCIPIU DIDACTIC

N. Oprescu (198! pp. 10"#108$ re%&'e%) * c&%s'+'c%re % pr',c'p''&*r -'-%c'ce pe /%% %'u&*r cr'er'':

A. Principii cu caracter general ('e%) *%e c*p*,e,e&e pr*cesu&u' -e ,)3)4,$. De'pr*/&e% r)4,e -esc6's)! , &ucr)r'&e -e pe-%7*7'e %p)rue -up) 1990! pr',c'p'u& *r'e,)r'' p*&''c*#'-e*&*7'ce ' '',3'+'ce % e-uc%3'e' ,u %' ese %','.

pr',c'p'u& ',e7r)r'' *r7%,'ce % e*r'e' cu pr%c'c% pr',c'p'u& &u)r'' , c*,s'-er%re % p%r'cu&%r')3'&*r -e 4rs) ' ',-''-u%&e. C*,s'-er) c)

respec%re% pr*+'&u&u' ps'6*&*7'c -e 4rs) ' ',-''-u%& %re c%r%cer 7e,er%& -e*%rece 'e%)-e*p*r') *%e +*re&e e-uc%3'e'! c*p*,e,e&e pr*cesu&u' -e ,)3)4,! -'sc'p&',e&ec*&%re ec.

B. Principii care se impun cu dominana%supr% c*,3',uu&u' ,)3)4,u&u'

pr',c'p'u& %cces'/'&')3'' cu,*',3e&*r! -epr',-er'&*r! pr'ceper'&*r pr',c'p'u& s'se%')r'' ' c*,',u')3'' , pr*cesu& -e ,)3%re.C. Principii care acioneaz (cu precdere) asupra metodologiei didactice i a formelor de

organizare a activitilor

pr',c'p'u& c*re&%3'e' -',re se,*r'%& ' r%3'*,%&! -',re c*,cre ' %/sr%c , pr*cesu& pre-)r'' ;,)3)r'' (pr',c'p'u& ',u'3'e'$

pr',c'p'u& ,su'r'' c*,'e,e ' %c'e pr',c'p'u& ,su'r'' ee','ce % cu,*',3e&*r! -epr',-er'&*r! pr'ceper'&*r.

2. Caracterizarea principiilor didactice2.1. Principiul integrrii teoriei cu practicae


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pre&u,7're% pr*cesu&u' -e ,su're % u,*r cu,*',3e! -epr',-er' cu re%&'%re% u,*r %c'')3'c*,cree! %er'%&e! *r'ce precu: &ucr)r'&e -e &%/*r%*r! %c''%e% , %e&'ere! c*,sru're%u,*r %p%r%e! ',srue,e! re*&%re% u,*r pr*/&ee s*c'%&e ec.

Se re%&'e%) %s+e& %r'cu&%re% -',re a ti cua ti s faci ' a tii s fii. Te*r'% (c% %,s%/&u&cu,*',3e&*r! ,*3'u,'&*r! &e7'&*r ec.$ *r'e,e%) %c''%e% pr%c'c) pr', pr',c'p''&e 7e,er%&e pe c%re &e

cupr',-e. T**-%)! pr%c'c% p*%e c*,s'u' pu,c -e p&ec%re , %s''&%re% cu,*',3e&*r! +%c'&'4,-+*ru&%re% u,*r ,re/)r' ' -e*&%re% u,e' *'%3'' %-ec%e pe,ru 7)s're% r)spu,sur'&*r! s*&u3''&*r.

M*-%&')3'&e c*,cree -e %r'cu&%re % e*r'e' cu pr%c'c% cu,*%e p%r'cu&%r')r' , +u,c3'e -e-'e,s'u,'&e e-uc%3'e'! -e c*,3',uu& ' spec'+'cu& +'ec)ru' */'ec -e ,)3)4,! 'p @ %r'%,) -e &ec3'e 'se re%&'e%) pr',: re*&%re% u,*r e!p.?5"$.

Pre*cup%re% pe,ru re%&'%re% e-uc%3'e' , c*,+*r'%e cu ,%ur% ps'6'c) % c*p'&u&u' ese ec6e!-%r +*ru&%re% e' eO/ser%3''&e re'e'e -', pr%c'c% e-uc%3'*,%&)! -%r %' %&es cerce)r'&e ps'6*&*7'ce re%&'%e -e .P'%7e! G7*sB'! . Hru,er! %&per', %u +ur,'% ,*' %r7ue,e cu pr''re &% r%p*ru& ',s'u' ,re ,)3%re' -e*&%re. S#% -e*,sr% %s+e& c) -e*&%re% ps'6'c) presupu,e recere% &% srucur' c*7,''esuper'*%re pe /%% 'p&'c)r'' -ep&',e % su/'ecu&u' , %c''%e pe /%% e


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Acces'/'&'%e ,u ,se%,) %/se,3% -'+'cu&)3'&*r! scu're% e&eu&u' -e e+*r! c' *+er're% -e s%rc',' cu 7r%--e -'+'cu&%e ce p*%e +' -ep)' pr', */'&'%re% p*e,3'%&u&u' ',e&ecu%& %& e&eu&u' ' cu ,-ru%re%!*,'*r'%re% pr*+es*ru&u'. Pr*'ec%re% ' *r7%,'%re% ,)3)r'' se % re%&'% pr', &u%re% , c*,s'-er%re %*,e' ce&e' %' %pr*p'%e -e*&)r''! , se,su& c) se *r +*ru&% s%rc',' -e ,)3%re &% ,'e&u& -e-'+'cu&%e %! pp. ?59#?>0$:

%c3'u,' ',-''-u%&'%e ce se -es+)*%r) pe +*,-u& %c'')3'&*r +r*,%&e! cu ,re%7% c&%s) -e e&e' ,%ce%s) s'u%3'e! r%%re% ',-''-u%&) ese su/*r-*,%) ce&e' +r*,%&e! , se,su& c) , %,u'e *e,epr*+es*ru& p*%e %e% , %e,3'e -*%r c43'% e&e'! , 'p ce ce'&%&3' re%&'e%) s%rc','&e +*ru&%e%,er'*r -e c)re %ces%

%c3'u,' ',-''-u%&'%e su7er%e ' 'puse , c%-ru& pr*cesu&u' -e ,)3)4,! -%r c%re se re%&'e%) ,%+%r% &u' (-e e


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?5>$. Cer',3e&e %cesu' pr',c'p'u 'e%) -e*p*r')! %c''%e% c%-ru&u' -'-%c'c precu ' pe ce% %e&e'&*r.

istematizareae


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J, ps'6*&*7'e! c*,cepu& -e ',u'3'e %re ,3e&esu& -e cu,*%ere ,e'&*c')! -'rec) % */'ece&*r '+e,*e,e&*r! pr', ',ere-'u& %,%&'%*r'&*r. Se +*re%) * '%7',e percep') u,'%r) ' ',e7r%&) c%re,-ep&',ee * +u,c3'e ',+*r%3'*,%&) ('%7',e */'ecu%&)$ ' u, r*& re7&%*r pe,ru %c''%e. Percep3''&es%u &% /%% +*r)r'' repree,)r'&*r! '%r %cese% &% r4,-u& &*r! pre7)esc ' uure%) 7e,er%&')r'&e -',74,-'re.

As+e&! , pr*cesu& ,)3)r'' c*7,''e! e&eu& p*r,ee -e &% u, %er'%& +%p'c! '%r pr', ',ere-'u&*per%3''&*r -e %/sr%c'%re ' 7e,er%&'%re -espr',-e ,su'r'&e 7e,er%&e ' ese,3'%&e %&e %,u'*r c&%se -e*/'ece! +e,*e,e! re&%3''! ,su'r' c*,-e,s%e ' ',e7r%e , ,*3'u,' @ c*,cepe. K'',- integratoricategoriali! ,*3'u,'&e se s'ue%) &% -'erse ,'e&ur' -e %/sr%c'%re ' 7e,er%&'%e ' +%c p*s'/'&ec&%s'+'c)r'&e! s'se%')r'&e! ,3e&e7ere%! e


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pr*/&ee e*re'ce ' pr%c'ce .%. P%r'c'p%re% c*,'e,) presupu,e pree,3% ',e,3'*,%&')3'' ' % e+*ru&u'*&u,%r! 'p&'c%e -', *e,u& perceper'' */'ece&*r! +e,*e,e&*r e! p.?52$. Ace%s) -esc*per're % +*s e


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Respec%re% %cesu' pr',c'p'u presupu,e &u%re% , c*,s'-er%re % reu&%e&*r cerce)r'&*r -',-*e,'u& ps'6*&*7'e' pr'',- pr*cese&e ' +*re&e e*r'e'! *-%&')3'&e -e *p''%re % %cese'% ' -e-e*&%re % c%&')3'&*r s%&e , %c''%e% -e ,)3%re. As+e&! e*r%re% &*7'c) (/%%) pe ,3e&e7ere! pes%/'&'re% %se),)r'&*r ' -e*se/'r'&*r! pe ',e7r%re% ,*'&*r cu,*',3e , s'seu& c*7,'' -*/4,-'%,er'*r$ ese super'*%r) e*r)r'' ec%,'ce (/%%) pe s'p&% repe%re % %er'%&u&u'$ pr', autenticitate!

economicitate'productivitate.

Tr)','c'% ce&*r %s''&%e ' re%cu%&'%re% &*r +'-e&) -ep',- -e respec%re% &e7'&*r e*r'e' pr'',-particularitile materialului studiat (,%ur% s% ; ',u''! %/sr%c #! *r7%,'%re% ' **7e,'%e%!*&uu&! *-u& -e pree,%re! 7r%-u& -e +%'&'%r'%re .%.$! loculocupat-e %ces %er'%& , srucur%%c'')3'' e&eu&u'! -eam"iana, c%re se re%&'e%) ,)3%re%! -estarea psi#ic a su"iectului.

Pre&ucr%re%! ',erpre%re% e


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7r%-u& -e pre7)'re %& e&e'&*r! -'+'cu&)3'&e ,4p',%e , re%&'%re% s%rc','&*r -e ,)3%re '-eru&%re% %c'')3'' -e pre-%re! e&ee,e c%re c*,s'u'e pu,cu& -e p&ec%re , pr*'ec%re%-eersu&u' -'-%c'c pe,ru e%p% ur)*%re.Respec%re% %cesu' pr',c'p'u %s'7ur) /u,% +u,c3'*,%re %pr*cesu&u' -e ,)3)4,!cree%) pre'se&e ,-ep&','r'' */'ec'e&*r pr*'ec%e! %s'7ur) pr*7resu&-e*&)r'' ps'6'ce % e&e'&*r! ' -epr',-e s) se %u*e%&uee ' s) -epu,) e+*rur' -e %e&'*r%re % pr*pr'e'

pre7)'r'.

2.()*+)-) )P+/0*0)'

2.1 C+)5*05'EURISTICA!CATEETICA

2.1 (etoda conversaieiese * c*,*r/'re s%u u, -'%&*7 ce se -es+)*%r) ,re c%-ru -'-%c'c ' e&e'! cusc*pu& c%! pe /%% u,*r ,re/)r' ' r)spu,sur'! s) se s'u&ee ' s) se -'r'ee %c''%e% -e ,)3%re. Are* %r'e +*%re &%r7) -e u'&'%re! +'',- ,4&,') , pre-%re% uur*r -'sc'p&',e&*r -e ,)3)4, ' &% *%ec&%se&e.(etoda conversaieicu,*%e -*u) +*re pr',c'p%&e: conversaia euristic! +*&*s') pe,ru %#& c*,-uce pe e&e pr',r#* ser'e -e ,re/)r' &%

-esc*per're% -e ,*' %-e)rur'. Aces &ucru ese p*s'/'& pe,ru c) ,re/)r'&e & -eer',) pe e&e s)e+ecuee * ',es'7%3'e , u,'ersu& ,+*r%3''&*r -e c%re -'spu,e! s) +%c) * ser'e -e %s*c'%3'' @c*,e


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# *-ur' -'+er'e -e %c3'u,e pr%c'c)# cu,*',3e&e ep'r'ce ' cu,*',3e&e '',3'+'ce.

3.()*+5 )080C500 C0)'

eri7icarea scris 9 avanta:ele metodei

Ec*,*'% -e 'p ; e%&u%re% uur*r e&e'&*r ,r#u, 'p re&%' scur.

Per'e er'+'c%re% u,e' sece,3e -e ,)3%re , *- */'ec'! -up) u, /%re c*u,! '

c*p%r%re% reu&%e&*r */3',ue -e ,re%7% c&%s) s%u ,re7u& 7rup -e e&e' er'+'c%. D'',u%re% s)r'' -e sress % e&e'&*r! ese spre /',e&e e&e'&*r e*''.

P*s'/'&'%e% curs%,3'&*r -e % &ucr% , '6,)! , r' pr*pr'u! +)r) % +' ,e*'3' s) +%c) +%3)

c*,cure,3e' c*&e7'&*r. E%&u%*ru& %re p*s'/'&'%e% s) +%c) , %' %re )sur) * e%&u%re c*rec) pe /%) -e cr'er''

cu,*scue , pre%&%/'&.

ezavanta:ele metodei

Kee-#/%cB s&%/! 7ree&'&e ,u p* +' c*rec%e 'e-'% -e c)re pr*+es*r.

Pr*+es*ru& c*u,'c) reu&%e&e e%&u)r'' %' 4r'u! e&eu& p*%e pr'' * ,*) 'c) -e' e& ,re

'p s#% ',+*r% %supr% 7ree&'&*r +)cue! s#% c*rec%! cu,*%e r)spu,su& c*rec. Ce ,*)

pr'ee! , %ces c%! e&eu& supus u,e' es)r'

3.1 ()*+5 )080C500 +5-)'Se re%&'e%) cu %u*ru& c*,ers%3'e' -',re pr*+es*r ' e&e'.Pr*+es*ru& ',er',e , r)spu,su& e&e'&*r! pe,ru %#' s'u&%! ',c'%! pe,ru %#' +%ce s)#' ,u%,3eer)spu,su&! c*&e7''! -e %see,e%! p* ',ere,' ' e'.

eri7icarea +5-5 9 avanta:ele metodei '

E%&u%*ru& ' %-%pe%) ,re/)r'&e &% p*s'/'&')3'&e +'ec)ru' e&e , p%re.

Er*r'&e! 7ree&'&e p* +' c*rec%e 'e-'%.

E&e'' %u p*s'/'&'%e% -e % se e


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E&e'' c%re ,u su, supu' e%&u)r'' *r%&e p* s) -es+)*%re %&e %c'')3'! ,e+'',- %e,3' &% -'%&*7u&

-',re e%&u%*r ' e%&u%. Nu per'e er'+'c%re% 7r%-u&u' , c%re , c%re *3' e&e'' cu,*sc &ec3'% respec')! pr*/&ee&e

supuse -'scu'e'.

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