Coacaz negru
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6/4/2015 localhost/coacaz.html
http://localhost/coacaz.html 1/2
DescriereCocazulnegruesteunarbustcecrestesubformadetufacunumerosilastaricepotatingeinaltimeade2metri.Infloresteprimavara(dupa15aprilie),timpde2saptamani,cufloriinformadeciorchinisisedeschidtreptatdelabazacatrevarfulciorchinelui.Fructeleapardupaaproximativ2lunidelainflorire(iulie)sisuntbaceovaledeculoareneagracugustacrudulceag,faptpentrucarenupreasuntconsumateinstareproaspata.Duratadeviataacoacazuluinegruestede1520ani.
CerinteCoacazulnegrucrestesifructificamaibinecandaresuficientalumina.Iarinzonelecuexpozitiesudicasepoateintercalasiintrealtipomifructiferiputandsuportaoumbrirepartiala.Inceprivestecalitateasolului,seevitainfiintareaplantatiilorpesolurisarace,nisipoasesauacide.Coacazulreusestecelmaibinepesolurifertile,argilolutoasebinedrenate.Fatadetemperaturilemiciesteputinpretentios,putandrezistalagerinsaesteafectatacresterealatemperaturimaimaride35gradeC.
ObtinereamaterialuluisaditorPutemsaalegeminmultireacoacazuluinegruprinmaimultemetode:marcotare,butasiverzisaubutasilemnificati.Dacaalegemprimametoda,marcotarea,atuncisevafaceprin2modalitatisianume:marcotajulorizontalsevaaplecalastarulinasafelincatopartedintulpinasafieingropatainpamantpentruafavorizaaparitiaradacinilormarcotajulprinmusuroireprimavarasevatragepamantulinjurultulpinilorpentruaformaunmusuroiiartoamnasevadesfacesisevortaialastariiinradacinati.Totusi,inmultireaprinbutasifieeiverzisaulemnificatiestesolutiaceamaisimplasidesfolosita.Astfel,toamna,sealegtulpinilede1ansisetaieinsectiunide20cmsisepastreazainnisipreavan.Sepoateplantaprimavaradevremeinsadepreferatestetoamna(spresfarsitulluniiseptembrie).
PlantareaTerenulsedesfundalaadancimeade4045cm.Perioadaoptimadeplantareestetoamna(noiembrie).Astfel,sefacgropide40cm*40cm*45cmsidupaplantareseudacu56ldeapasiapoisemusuroiaza.Deasemeneasepoateplantasiprimavaraf.devremeinaintedeumflareamugurilor(faptceindicapornireainvegetatie).Dupaplantaresevataialastaruldeasupaa23muguri,faptcevafavorizacresterearadacinilorprecumsiobunadezvoltareanoilortulpini.Schemadeplantaresevaalegeinfunctiededestinatiaplantatiei.Asfeldacasealegecrestereacoacazuluicatufa(naturala)distantaintrerandurivafide2miarperandde1miardacasedoresteunsistemproductivseformeazacagardfructifercudistantade1,5mintreranduriside8090cmperand.
LucrarideingrijireTerenulsecuratainpermanentadeburuienisiastfelseasigurasiaerisireasolului.Inceprivestenecesaruldeumiditatesevaudainperioadelesecetoasesimaialesinperioadainfloririisifructificarii.Oaltalucrareimportantaesteceaataierilordeconducereacoacazului,aceastafacanduseinaintedeumflareamugurilor.Dacainprimulan,laplantare,setaiela1015cm(selasa34muguri),inaldoileaansepastreazanumai5lastaribinedezvoltati.Inanul3sepastrezacele5tulpinilacareseadaugaalte5careaucrescutlabazacoletului(binenteles,celemaiviguroasesimaibineplasate)restuldelastariseelimina.Infiecareanseadaugaalte5tulpinisisevaajungecain5anisaavemcca20tulpinidevarstediferite.Intrucattulpiniledepeste5anidauproductiislabeelesuntinlocuitecualteletinereurmandastfelcaandeansaseinlocuiascatulpinilebatrane.
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6/4/2015 localhost/coacaz.html
http://localhost/coacaz.html 2/2
BolisidaunatoriFainarea,rugina,antracozasipaducheledefrunzesuntprincipaleleproblemeaparutelacoacazulnegru.Fainareaserecunoasteprinaparitiaunorpetemici,albepefrunzesipelastari(incepsaseusuce)Ruginaatacafrunzeleprinaparitiaunorpetegalbeneroscatesiducelauscareasicaderealor.Antracozasemanifestaprinaparitiaunorpetebrunepefrunzesifaccaacesteasacadaprematursiproducpagubeimportante.Paducheledefrunzeasacumisespune,elatacafrunzelecarepotfirecunoscuteprinprezintaunorumflaturideculoaregalbenasaurosie.Seeliminafrunzeleafectatesisepotfolosisiinsecticide.
ProductivitateCoacazulintraperodincepandcuanul2deculturainsadinanul4obtinemmaximumdeproductiecarepoateajungesila3kg/tufa.Soiuriproductive:Tsema(1012t/ha),Tiben,NegreMari,PerlaNeagra
RecoltareRecoltareafructelorincepeinlunaiuliesidureaza10zile.Sepotpastrainstareproaspata45zilelatemperaturimaimicide7gradeC.