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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN PAINTING

The history of painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition

from Antiquity. Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia,

the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity that continues intothe 21st century. Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on

- Representational: representing humans, heroes with their

characteristics of the age, social status, trades, etc.

- Religious/Sacred art: imagery intended to uplift the mind to the

spiritual; objects to be venerated not for what it is but for what it

represents; properly calledsacramentals. The use of art in religion is

essential, as it symbolizes understanding and feelings that words simplycan't describe.

- Classical: broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on

the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of

Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. "Classical antiquity"typically

refers to an idealized vision of later people of what was, in Edgar Allen

Poe's words, "the glory that was Greece, the grandeur that was Rome!"

o Immensely influential on the language, politics, educational

systems, philosophy, science, artand architecture of the

Renaissance and again during various neo-classical revivals in

the 18th and 19th centuries.

- Abstract: a visual language of form, color and line to create a

composition which exists independently of visual references to the

world.

o By the end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create

a 'new kind of art' which would encompass the fundamental

changes taking place in technology, science and philosophy.

- Conceptual: art in which the concept(s) or ideas(s) involved in thework take precedence over traditional aesthetics and material concerns.

MEDIEVAL AGE

Byzantine art:

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- the 6th century, placed great emphasis on traditional iconography and

style,

- continued traditions in the Greek, Romanian and Russian orthodox icon

painting

o icons = a reflection of the divineo a particularly hieratic feeling and

- wall-paintings infresco,

- mosaics.

- flatness and highly stylized depictions of figures and landscape

-

-

-

BYZANTINE PAINTING ART

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Byzantine_art1.jpg

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BYZANTINE MOSAIC

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_003.jpg

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ANDREJ RUBLIOV: continuation of the Byzantine art in Orthodox

icon painting

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Andrej_Rubl%C3%ABv_001.jpg

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Illuminated manuscripts: the text is supplemented by decorated initials,

borders and miniature with gold or silver.

- the term is now used to refer to any decorated or illustrated manuscript

from the Western or Islamic traditions.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/KellsFol292rIncipJohn.jpg

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The Book of Kelles

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/KellsFol032vChristEnthroned.jpg

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ROMANESQUE ART

- Panel painting becomes more common under the heavy influence

of Byzantine icons

- the middle of the 13th century, painting became more realistic,

o interest in the depiction ofvolume and perspective

o more realistic and dramatic approach

o a new innovative and free composition approach

in Italy with Cimabue and then his pupil Giotto:considered to be the two great medieval masters of

painting in western culture; pioneers in the move

towards naturalism.

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CIMABUE

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/Cimabue_crucifix.jpg

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GIOTTO

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c4/Giotto_Cruxifixion.jpg

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RENAISSANCE AND MANERISM (XIV-XVII)

Fra Angelico

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Fra_Angelico_037.jpg

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Filippo Lippi

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Madonna_and_Child_%28Filippo_Lippi%29.jpg

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Andrea Mantegna

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Andrea_Mantegna_036.jpg

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Paolo Ucello: Nicolo Mauruzi da Tolentino at the Battle of San

Romano (National Gallery)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4b/Uccello_Florentine_Troops.jpg

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Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa, La Gioconda, Luvre, Paris

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Mona_Lisa.jpeg

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Raphael: Madona et Banbino

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8b/Madonna_raphael.jpg

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Giovani Bellini: Saint Francisc in the Dessert

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Titian - Self Portrait: Museo del Prado,Madrid

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Tizian_090.jpg

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Leonardo da Vinci: The Last Supper (1498) Convent of Sta. Maria

Delle Grazie, Milan

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Leonardo_da_Vinci_002.jpg

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GIORGIONE: Gallerie dellAccademia, Venice

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Giorgione_tempest.jpg

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TINTORETTO: Finding of the Body of St. Mark (1548)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Jacopo_Tintoretto_001.jpg

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SANDRO BOTICELLI: The Birth of Venice (Uffizi, Florence)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Birth_of_Venus.jpg

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Rogier van den Weyden: Saint Ivo. Oil on Panel (National Gallery)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Weyden_Ivo.jpg

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Hieronymus Bosh: The Garden of Earthly Delights (Tryptich)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/GardenED_edit1.jpg

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Pieter Breugel: Babel Tower, Brussels

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Brueghel-tower-of-babel.jpg

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HIGH RENAIISANCE MANNERISM

The early Mannerists in Florence

- Andrea del Sarto

- Jacopo da Pontormo and

- Roso Fiorentino

- Parmigianino

- Corregio

- El Greco

o elongated forms, precariously balanced poses, irrational

settings, and theatrical lighting

Outside of Italy, mannerism continued into the seventeenth century.

o France - Rosso traveled to work for the court at Fontainebleau,

Henry II style)

o Prague court Rudolf II, as well as

o Haarlem and Antwerp.

o Great Britain expressed by the local categories of Elizabethan

and Jacobean art of painting

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Jacopo Pontormo: Joseph in Egypt. Oil on Wood, (National Gallery)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Jacopo_Pontormo_032.jpg

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El Greco: The Assumption of the Virgin. Art Institute of Chicago

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f7/The_Assumption_of_the_Virgin_1577.jpg

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Hans Holbein the Younger: Portrait of Sir Thomas More. The Frick

Collection, New York

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Hans_Holbein_d._J._065.jpg

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Hans Holbein: The Ambassadors, National Gallery

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Holbein-ambassadors.jpg

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Anthony van Dyck: Susana and the Elders

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Anthony van Dyck: Self Potrait