Termeni Maritimi

7/26/2019 Termeni Maritimi

1/18

Abaft the beam: Said of the bearing of an object which bears between the beam and the

stern (further back than the ship's middle).

Abaft: A relative term used to describe the location of one object in relation to another, in

which the object described is farther aft than the other. hus, the mainmast is abaft the

foremast (in back of).

Abandon ship: !et awa" from the ship, as in an emergenc".

Abeam: he bearing of an object #$ degrees from ahead (in a line with the middle of the

ship).

Able bodied seaman: he ne%t grade above the beginning grade of ordinar" seaman in

the deck crew.

Aboard: &n the vessel (on the ship).

Aboveboard: Above decks without concealment of deceit (out in the open).

Abreast: Abeam of (alongside of).

Accommodation ladder: he portable steps from the gangwa" down to the waterline.

Admiral: omes from the Arabic *mir or Amir which means +irst commander and

Albahr which means the sea. *miralbarh evolved into Admiral.

Adrift: -oose from the moorings (not tied or secured).

Afloat: +loating.

Aft: At, near, or toward the stern (back end).

Aground: esting on the bottom.

Ahoy: A call used in hailing a vessel or boat (he"/).

Air tank: A metal airtight tank built into a boat to insure flotation even when the boat is

swamped.

Alee: o the leeward side (awa" from the wind).

Alive: Alert (pep it up/).

All hands: he entire crew.

All standing: o bring to a sudden stop.

Aloft: Above the upper deck (above).

Alongside: Side to side.

Amidships: &n or towards the middle of a ship in regard to length or breadth (center of).

Anchor: A device or iron so shaped to grip the bottom and holds a vessel at anchor b" the

anchor chain.

Anchor bar: 0ooden bar with an iron shod, wedge: shaped end, used in pr"ing the

anchor or working the anchor or working the anchor chain. Also used to engage or

disengage the wildcat.Anchor chain: 1eav", linked chain secured to an anchor for mooring or anchoring.

Anchor lights: he riding lights re2uired to be carried b" vessels at anchor.

Anchor watch: he detail on deck at night, when at anchor, to safeguard the vessel (not

necessaril" at the anchor a general watch).

Anchor's aweigh: Said of the anchor when just clear of the bottom (leaving or moving).

Anchorage: A place suitable for anchoring.

Ashore: 3n the shore (on land).

Astern: he bearing of an object 45$ degrees from ahead (behind).


2/18

Athwartships: At right angles to the foreandaft line of the vessel (sidewa"sacross).

Avast: An order to stop or cease hauling (stop action at once).

Awash: -evel with the water (water read" to, or slightl" covering decks).

Awning: A canvas canop" secured over the ship's deck as a protection from the weather

(covering).

Aye, aye, sir: he repl" to an officer's order signif"ing that he is understood and will be

obe"ed (& understand).

Bail: o throw water out of a boat a "oke, as a ladder bail (rung).

Ballast tanks: 6ouble bottoms for carr"ing water ballast and capable of being flooded or

pumped out at will.

Ballast: 1eav" weights packed in the bottom of a boat or ship to give her stabilit".

Batten down: o make watertight. Said of hatches and cargo (tie up or secure).

Beachcomber: A derelict seaman found unemplo"ed on the waterfront, especiall" in a

foreign countr" (seaman without a ship).

Beam wind: A wind at right angles to a vessel's course (wind blowing at the ship's side.)

Bear a hand: o assist or help.Bear down: o approach (overtake or come up to).

Bearing: he direction of an object (with reference to "ou, "our ship, another object).

Becalmed: A sailing vessel dead in the water due to lack of wind (not moving).

Becket: A rope e"e for the hook of a block. A rope grommet used in place of a rowlock.

Also, a small piece of rope with an e"e in each end to hold the feet of a sprit to the mast.

&n general an" small rope or strap used as a handle.

Belay: o make fast as to a pin or cleat. o rescind an order (tie up).

Belaying pin: A wooden or iron pin fitting into a rail upon which to secure ropes.

Bells: see Ships imeBelly strap: A rope passed around (center) a boat or other object for hanging.

Below: 7eneath the deck (under).

Bend: The twisting or turning of a rope so as to fasten it to some object, as a spar

or ring.

Berth: A vessel's place at anchor or at a dock. Seaman's assignment.

Between decks: he space between decks. he name of the deck or decks between the

ceiling and main deck.

Bight: ormed by bringing the end of a rope around, near to, or across its own part.

Bilge: he curved part of a ship's hull where the side and the flat bottom meet.Binnacle: he stand, usuall" of brass or nonmagnetic material in which the compass

rests and which contains the compensating magnets (compass holder).

Bitter end:he last part of a rope or last link in an anchor chain.

Bitts: A pair of vertical wooden or iron heads on board ship, used for securing mooring or

towing lines. Similar to dock bollards.

Black gang: 8ember of the engineroom force, which included the engineers, firemen,

oilers, and wipers.

Block and block: Same as two blocks.


3/18

Block: An apparatus consisting of an outside shell and a sheave through which a rope

ma" be passed (pulle").

Boat!fall: A purchase (block and tackle) for hoisting a boat to its davits.

Bollard: An upright, wooden or iron post to which hawsers or mooring lines ma" be

secured.

Boom: A spar used for fore and aft sails.

Boom cradle: A rest for a cargoboom when lowered for securing for sea.

Boot!topping: he anticorrosive paint used on and above the waterline.

Bos'n: Shortening of the old term boatswain, an unlicensed member of the crew who

supervises the work of the deck men under direction of the first mate.

Bos'n's chair: he piece of board on which a man working aloft is swung.

Bos'n's chest: he deck chest in which the bos'n keeps his deck gear.

Bos'n's locker: he locker in which the bos'n keeps his deck gear.

Bow: he forward part of a vessel's sides (front).

Bowsprit: A spar e%tending forward from the stem.

Bo"ing the compass: alling names of the points of the compass in order.

Break ground: Said of anchor when it lifts clear of the bottom.

Breaker: A small cask for fresh water carried in ship's boats. A sea (wave) with a curl on

the crest.

Bridge: he raised platform e%tending athwartships, the part of the ship from which the

ship is steered and navigated.

Bright work: 7rass work, polished (also varnished wood work in "achts).

Bulkhead: ransverse or longitudinal partitions separating portions of the ship (walls in a

ship).

Bunk: 7uiltin bed aboard ship.

Bunker: ompartment for the storage of oil or other fuel.By the board: 3verboard (over the side).

By the head: 6eeper forward (front end deepest in water).

By the #un: o let go altogether.

$abin: he captain's 2uarters. he enclosed space of deckedover small boat.

$able!laid: he same as hawserlaid.

$able!length: 4$$ fathoms or 9$$ feet (9 feet to a fathom).

$able: A chain or line (rope) bent to the anchor.

$alm: A wind or force less than one knot (knot: 4 nautical mile per hour).$amel: A wooden float placed between a vessel and a dock acting as a fender.

$apstan!bar: A wooden bar which ma" be shipped in the capstan head for heaving

around b" hand (to heave up anchor or heav" objects b" manpower).

$apstan: he vertical barrel device used to heave in cable or lines.

$aptain of the %ead: A gu" who gets 1ead (toilet) cleaning detail.

$ardinal points: he four principal points of the compass: orth, *ast, South and 0est.

$ast off: o let go.

$aulk: o fill in the seams with cotton or oakum.


4/18

$hafe: o wear the surface of a rope b" rubbing against a solid object.

$hafing gear: A guard of canvas or rope put around spars, mooring lines, or rigging to

prevent them from wearing out b" rubbing against something.

$hain locker: A compartment forward where the chain cable is stowed.

$harley &oble: he galle" smokepipe (cook's stove pipe), named after he *nglish sea

captain who was noted for the scrupulous cleanliness and shine of the brass aboard his

ship.

$heck: o ease off graduall" (go slower and move carefull").

$hief mate: Another term for first mate.

$hief: he crew's term for the chief engineer.

$hock: A heav" wooden or metal fitting secured on a deck or on a dock, with jaws, used

for the lead or to guide lines or cables.

$hoked: he falls foul in a block. he falls ma" be chocked or jammed intentionall" for a

temporar" securing (holding).

$leat: A fitting of wood or metal, with horns, used for securing lines (t"ing up).

$lipper bow: A stem curving up and forward in graceful line.

$oaming: he raised frame work around deck openings, and cockpit of open boats (hatch

coaming).

$ockpit: he well of a sailing vessel, especiall" a small boat, for the wheel and steerman.

$olors: he national ensign.

$offerdam: he space between two bulkheads set close together, especiall" between fue

tanks (two walls separated to use for drainage or safet").

$oil: o la" down rope in circular turns.

$oming around: o bring a sailing vessel into the wind and change to another tack. 3ne

who is influenced to a change of opinion.

$ork fenders: A fender made of granulated cork and covered with woven tarred stuff.$radle: A stowage rest for a ship's boat.

$rossing the line: rossing the *2uator.

$row's nest: he platform or tub on the mast for the lookout.

$ut!water: he foremost part of the stem, cutting the water as the vessel forges ahead.

avit: A curved metal spar for handling a boat or other heav" objects.

ead ahead: 6irectl" ahead on the e%tension of the ship's fore and aft line.

ead light: Steel disc, that is dogged down over a porthole to secure against breakage of

the glass and to prevent light from showing through.erelict: An abandoned vessel at sea (a danger to navigation).

ip: A position of a flag when lowered part wa" in salute (method of salute between

vessels, like planes dipping wings).

isplacement: he weight of the water displaced b" a vessel.

istress signal: A flag displa" or a sound, light, or radio signal calling for assistance.

itty!bag: A small bag used b" seamen for stowing small articles.

oldrums: he belt on each side of the *2uator in which little or no wind ordinaril" blows.

olphin: A cluster of piles for mooring.


5/18

ouble up: o double a vessel's mooring lines.

owse: o take in, or lower a sail. o put out a light. o cover with water.

raft: he distance from the surface of the water to the ship's keel (how deep the ship is

into the water).

rag: A sea anchor contrived to keep a vessel's head to the wind and sea.

ressing ship: A displa" of national colors at all mastheads and the arra" of signal flags

from bow to stern over the masthead (for special occasions and holida"s).

ry dock: A basin for receiving a vessel for repairs, capable of being pumped dr" (to

repair vessel and scrape marine growth from bottom).

ungarees: 7lue working overalls.

(agle lies: ;a" da"

(asy: arefull" (watch what "ou're doing).

(nd!for!end: eversing the position of an object or line.

(nd sei)ing: A round seiammed, not clear.

ouled hawse: Said of the anchor chain when moored and the chain does not lead clear

of another chain.

ounder: o sink (out of control).

reeboard: he distance from the surface of the water to the main deck or gunwale.


6/18

reeing port: A port in the bulwark for the purpose of freeing the deck of water.

reighter: A ship designed to carr" all t"pes of general cargo, or dr" cargo.

*.+.: An"thing of !overnment &ssue.

*antline: A line rove through a single block secured aloft.

*arboard strake: he strake ne%t to the keel (running fore and aft).

*ather way: o attain headwa" (to get going or pick up speed).

*ear: he general name for ropes, blocks and tackles, tools, etc. (things).

*ilguy(or gadget): A term used to designate an object for which the correct name has

been forgotten.

*ipsey(g"pse"): A drum of a windlass for heaving in line.

*lass: erm used b" mariners for a barometer.

*lory hole: Steward's 2uarters.

*o adrift: 7reak loose.

*olden lippers: an work shoes issued to ?.S. 8aritime Service trainees

*rapnel: A small anchor with several arms used for dragging purposes.

*rating: A wooden latticework covering a hatch or the bottom boards of a boat similarl"designed gratings of metal are fre2uentl" found on shipboard.

*raveyard watch: he middle watch.

*reen sea: A large bod" of water taken aboard (ship a sea).

*round tackle: A term used to cover all of the anchor gear.

*rounding: unning ashore (hitting the bottom).

*unwale: he upper edge of a vessel or boat's side.

%ail: o address a vessel, to come from, as to hail from some port (call).

%alf!mast: he position of a flag when lowered halfwa" down.%alliards or halyards: opes used for hoisting gaffs and sails, and signal flags.

%and lead: A lead of from @ to 4 pounds used with the hand lead line for ascertaining the

depth of water in entering or leaving a harbor. (-ine marked to =$ fathoms.)

%and rail: A stead"ing rail of a ladder (banister).

%and rope: Same as grab rope (rope).

%and taut: As tight as can be pulled b" hand.

%and: A member of the ship's compan".

%andybilly: A watch tackle (small, hand" block and tackle for general use).

%ang from the yards: 6angle a man from one of the "ard arms, sometimes b" the neck,if the man was to be killed, and sometimes b" the toes, if he was merel" to be tortured. A

severe punishment used aboard sailing ships long ago. oda", a reprimand.

%atch: An opening in a ship's deck for passagewa" or for handling cargo or stores.

%awse buckler: An iron plate covering a hawse hole.

%awse!pipes: A pipe leadin for anchor chain through ship's bow.

%awser: A rope used for towing or, mooring.

%awser!laid: -efthanded rope of nine strands, in the form of three threestranded, right

handed ropes.


7/18

%ead: he ship's water closet (toilet or washroom). he upper edge of a 2uadrilateral sail

%ead room: he height of the decks, below decks.

%eart: he inside center strand of rope.

%eave: o haul or pull on a line to throw a heaving line.

%eave around: o revolve the drum of a capstan, winch or windlass. (;ulling with

mechanical deck heaving gear).

%eave away: An order to haul awa" or to heave around a capstan (pull).

%eave in: o haul in.

%eave short: o heave in until the vessel is riding nearl" over her anchor.

%eave taut: o haul in until the line has a strain upon it.

%eave the lead: he operation of taking a sounding with the hand lead (to find bottom).

%eave to: o bring vessel on a course on which she rides easil" and hold her there b" the

use of the ship's engines (holding a position).

%eaving line: A small line thrown to an approaching vessel, or a dock as a messenger.

%emp: ope made of the fibers of the hemp plant and used for small stuff or less than =

thread (4.@B inch circumference). (ope is measured b" circumference, wire b" diameter.)

%igh, wide and handsome: Sailing ship with a favorable wind, sailing dr" and easil". A

person riding the crest of good fortune

%oist away: An order to haul up.

%oliday: An imperfection, spots left unfinished in cleaning or painting.

%old: he space below decks utiliack was their generic

name. ar came from seamen's custom of waterproofing clothing using tar.

-acob's ladder: A ladder of rope with rungs, used over the side.


8/18

-am: o wedge tight.

-ettison: o throw goods overboard.

-etty: A landing wharf or pier a dike at a river s mouth.

-ews harp:he ring bolted to the upper end of the shank of an anchor and to which the

bending shackle secures.

-olly #oger: A pirate's flag carr"ing the skull and crossbones.

-ump ship: o leave a ship without authorit" (deserting).

-ury rig: 8akeshift rig (emergenc" rig).

eel: he timber or bar forming the backbone of the vessel and running from the stem to

the stempost at the bottom of the ship.

eel!haul: o tie a rope about a man and, after passing the rope under the ship and

bringing it up on deck on the opposite side, haul awa", dragging the man down and

around the keel of the vessel. As the bottom of the ship was alwa"s covered with sharp

barnacles, this was a severe punishment used aboard sailing ships long ago. oda", a

reprimand.

eep a sharp look!out: A lookout is stationed in a position to watch for danger ahead. obe on guard against sudden opposition or danger.

ing!spoke: he upper spoke of a steering wheel when the rudder is amidships, usuall"

marked in some fashion (top spoke of neutral steering wheel).

ink: A twist in a rope.

nock off: o stop, especiall" to stop work.

nocked down: he situation of a vessel when listed over b" the wind to such an e%tent

that she does not recover.

not: Speed of 4 nautical mile per hour (4.@ land miles per hour).

not: A twisting, turning, t"ing, knitting, or entangling of ropes or parts of a rope so as tojoin two ropes together or make a finished end on a rope, for certain purpose.

/abor: A vessel is said to labor when she works heavil" in a seawa" (pounding, panting,

hogging and sagging).

/adder: A metal, wooden or rope stairwa".

/ame duck: erm for disabled vessel that had to fall out of a convo" and thus became

eas" pre" for submarines.

/andlubber: he seaman's term for one who does not go to sea.

/anyard: A rope made fast to an article for securing it (knife lan"ard, bucket lan"ard, etc.),or for setting up rigging.

/ashing: A passing and repassing of a rope so as to confine or fasten together two or

more objects usuafl" in the form of a bunch.

/aunch: o place in the water.

/ay aloft: he order to go aloft (go up above).

/a)aretto: A low headroom space below decks used for provisions or spare parts, or

miscellaneous storage.

/ee shore: he land to the leeward of the vessel (wind blows from the ship to the land).


9/18

/eeward: he direction awa" from the wind.

/iberty: ;ermission to be absent from the ship for a short period (authori


10/18

0ole: A breakwater used as a landing pier.

0onkey fist: A knot worked into the end of a heaving line (for weight).

0onkey island: A fl"ing bridge on top of a pilothouse or chart house.

0ooring: Securing to a dock or to a buo", or anchoring with two anchors.

0other $arey's chickens: Small birds that foretell bad weather and bad luck.

0ousing: Small stuff sei


11/18

2ainter: A short piece of rope secured in the bow of a small boat used for making her fast.

2alm and needle: A seaman's sewing outfit for heav" work.

2art: o break.

2ass a line: o reeve and secure a line.

2ass a stopper:o reeve and secure a stopper (hold a strain on a line while transferring

it).

2ass down the line: ela" to all others in order (a signal repeated from one ship to the

ne%t astern in column).

2ass the word: o repeat an order for information to the crew.

2ay off: o turn the bow awa" from the wind to pa" the crew.

2ay out: o slack out a line made fast on board (let it out slowl").

2ay: o fill the seams of a vessel with pitch.

2ier head jump:8aking a ship just as it is about to sail.

2ile: A pointed spar driven into the bottom and projecting above the water when driven at

the corners of a dock, the" are termed fender piles.

2ilot boat: A power or sailing boat used b" pilots (men who have local knowledge of

navigation ha


12/18

2rati3ue: A permit b" the port doctor for an incoming vessel, being clear of contagious

disease, to have the libert" of the port.

2reventer: A rope used for additional support or for additional securing, e.g., preventer

sta".

2ricker: Small marlinespike.

2rivileged vessel: 3ne which has the right of wa".

2rolonged blast: A blast of from to 9 seconds' duration.

2row: he part of the bow above the water.

2unt: A rectangular flat bottomed boat used b" vessels for painting the ship's side and

general use around the ship's water: line, fitted with oarlocks on each side and usuall"

propelled b" sculling.

2urchase: A tackle (blocks and falls).

2ut to sea: o leave port.

4uarantine: estricted or prohibited intercourse due to contagious disease.

4uarter: hat portion of a vessel's side near the stern.

4uartering sea: A sea on the 2uarter (coming from a side of the stern).4uarters bill: A vessel's station bill showing duties of crew.

4uarters: -iving compartments.

4uay: A cargodischarging wharf.

#ake: he angle of a vessel's masts from the vertical.

#atline: A short length of small rope ratline stuff running hori


13/18

ailing free: Sailing other than close hauled or into the wind (wind astern).

alty character: A nautical gu", often a negative connotation.

alvage: o save a vessel or cargo from total loss after an accident recompense for

having saved a ship or cargo from danger.

cale: o climb up. A formation of rust over iron or steel plating.

chool: A large bod" of fish.

cuppers: 3penings in the side of a ship to carr" off water from the waterwa"s or from

the drains.

cuttle: o sink a vessel b" boring holes in her bottom or b" opening sea valves.

cuttle butt: he container of fresh water for drinking purpose used b" the crew formerl"

it consisted of a cask.

cuttle butt story: An unauthoritative stor" (a tall stor").

ea anchor: A drag (drogue) thrown over to keep a vessel to the wind and sea.

ea chest: A sailor's trunk the intake between the ship's side and a sea valve.

ea dog: An old sailor.

ea going: apable of going to sea.

ea lawyer: A seaman who is prone to argue, especiall" against recogni


14/18

sails.

hell: he casing of a block within which the sheave revolves.

hip: o enlist to send on board cargo to put in place to take on board.

hips time: Ships time was counted b" the half hour, starting at midnight. A half hour after

twelve was one bell one o'clock, two bells and so on until four o'clock, which was eight

bells. he counting then started over again, with :C$ being one bell.

hort stay: 0hen the scope of chain is slightl" greater than the depth of water.

horthanded: 0ithout sufficient crew.

hot: A short length of chain, usuall" 4B fathoms (#$ feet). (8ethod of measuring chain.)

hove in your oar: o break into a conversation.

hrouds: Side sta"s from the masthead to the rail..

ide lights: he red and green running lights, carried on the port and starboard sides

respectivel", of vessels underwa".

ing out: o call out.

ister hooks: wo iron flatsided hooks reversed to one another.

kids: 7eams sometimes fitted over the decks for the stowage of heav" boats or cargo.

kipper: he captain.

ky pilot: A chaplain.

kylight: A covering, either permanent or removable, to admit air and light below decks.

lack: he part of a rope hanging loose the opposite of taut.

lack water: he condition of the tide when there is no hori


15/18

pring line: ?suall" of the best wire hawsers one of the first lines sent out in mooring.

Springs in and springs out a vessel.

3uall: A sudden and violent gust of wind.

3ueegee: A deck dr"er composed of a flat piece of wood shod with rubber, and a handle.

Stanchions: 0ooden or metal uprights used as supports (posts).

tack: he ship's funnel or smokestack.

tand by: A preparator" order (wait: be read").

tandard compass: he magnetic compass used b" the navigator as a standard.

tanding part: hat part of a line or fall which is secured.

tanding rigging: hat part of the ship's rigging which is permanentl" secured and not

movable, such as sta", shrouds, etc.

tarboardhe right side of the ship.

tation bill: he posted bill showing stations of the crew at maneuvers and emergenc"

drills.

taunch: Still, seaworth", able.

tay: A rope of hemp, wire or iron leading forward or aft for supporting a mast.

teady: An order to hold a vessel on the course she is heading.

teerage way: he slowest speed at which a vessel steers.

teering wheel: he wheel operating the steering gear and b" which the vessel is

steered.

tem the tide: Stemming the tide or sea means to head the vessel's bow directl" into the

current or waves. 3vercome adverse circumstances.

tem: he timber at the e%treme forward part of a boat secured to the forward end of the

keel.

tern anchor: An anchor carried at the stern.

tern board: ;rogress backwards.tern: he after part of the vessel (back of).

tevedore: A professional cargo loader and unloader.

topper: A short length of rope secured at one end, and used in securing or checking a

running rope, e.g., deck stopper, boat fall stopper, etc.

toreroom: he space provided for stowage of provisions or other materials.

torm warning: An announced warning of an approach of a storm.

tove: 7roken in.

tow: o put in place.

towaway: A person illegall" aboard and in hiding.trake: A continuous planking or plating fitted out to and from stem to stern of a vessel's

side.

trand: A number of "arns, twisted together and which in turn ma" be twisted into rope a

rope is stranded when a strain is broken rope ma" be designated b" the number of

strands composing. ope is commonl" threestranded. A vessel run ashore is said to be

stranded.

trap: A ring of rope made b" splicing the ends, and used for slinging weights, holding the

parts of a block together, etc. A rope, wire or iron binding, encircling a block and with a


16/18

thimble sei


17/18

Truck: he flat circular piece secured on the top of the mast.

Tug boat: A small vessel fitted for towing.

Turn in all standing: !o to bed without undressing.

Turn to: An order to commence ship's work.

Turn turtle: o capsi


18/18

7here away: A call re2uesting direction in answer to the report of a lookout that an object

has been sighted.

7hipping: A method of preventing the ends of a line from unla"ing or fra"ing b" turns of

small stuff, stout twine or sei

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