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Ministerul Educa iei şi Cercetării tiin ificeț ș ț  Universitatea din Piteşti

Facultatea de Teologie Ortodoxă

REZUMAT

LUCRARE METODCO! "T#$FC% PE#TRUO&$#EREA 'RADULU DDACTC

REL'E ()*+!()*,

PRINCIPIILE RELIGIOS – MORALE I PEDAGOGICE ÎN EPISTOLELE PAULINEȘ

Coordonator-Pr. conf. univ. dr. Gheorhe Pufu

.us/inător-P!r"!#e$ Cri%&i$n '#orin

Pite tiș()*,

(

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Argu0ent

Lucr$re$ de f$)! cu &i&#u# *PRINCIPIILE RELIGIOS – MORALE I PEDAGOGICEȘ

ÎN EPISTOLELE PAULINE+, dore-&e %! %co$&! n eviden)! for)$ "redic$&ori$#! -i "riori&$&e$

Ev$nhe#iei n vi$)$ oric!rui /i%ion$r cre-&in, "e 0$1$ vie)ii -i $c&ivi&!)ii /i%ion$re $ ce#ui /$i

/$re A"o%&o# cre-&in c$re ne2$ #!%$& n c!r)i#e Nou#ui Te%&$/en& e3e/"#u# de%!v4r-i& $# iu0irii

-i devo&$/en&u#ui "en&ru "redic$re$ Ev$nhe#iei.

Sf4n&u# A"o%&o# P$ve# ne2$ #!%$& n e"i%&o#e#e %$#e, "rinci"ii, nv!)!&uri -i /e&ode

 "en&ru o 0un! "$%&or$)ie n 5i%eric! -i %ocie&$&e, c$re n &i/", "e%&e ve$curi $u deveni& -i

i/"or&$n&e docu/en&e de &eo#oie do/$&ic$ -i &eo#oie /or$#!.

*1 Personalitatea .f2ntului Pavel3 A4ostol al lui 5ristos

Sf4n&u# A"o%&o# P$ve# e%&e ce# c$re $ in&er"re&$&, $ %i%&e/$&i1$& -i $ $"#ic$& nv!)!&ur$

Do/nu#ui 6ri%&o% #$ re$#i&!)i#e %oci$#e, r!%"4ndindu2o n #u/e.

E# $ fo%& ce# /$i %&r!#uci& A"o%&o# $# Do/nu#ui 6ri%&o%, ce# c$re $ r!%"4ndi& cu

ndr!1ne$#! credin)$ cre-&in! #$ ne$/uri. Sf4n&u# P$ve# e%&e con%ider$&, du"! M4n&ui&oru#

6ri%&o%, ce# /$i /$re eniu $# cre-&ini%/u#ui.

Anu# n$-&erii %$#e nu e%&e cuno%cu& cu e3$c&i&$&e, n%! e%&e %iur f$"&u# c! Sf4n&u#

P$ve# er$ /$i &4n!r dec4& Do/nu# 6ri%&o%.

Per%on$#i&$&e$ A"o%&o#u#ui ne$/uri#or e%&e cu $&4& /$i /$re cu c4& e# nu f$ce "$r&e

din nuc#eu# $"o%&o#i#or -i $ ucenici#or c$re #2$u ur/$& "e 6ri%&o% n $nii S!i de $c&ivi&$&e "e

 "!/4n&. Mo/en&u# ce# /$i "u&ernic din vi$)$ %$ # con%&i&uie conver&ire$, $ce%&$ e%&e

/o/en&u# c$re f$ce din P$ve# un /$re A"o%&o#. Conver&ire$ #ui S$u# %e n%crie n "#$nu# divin

$# "ro"!v!duirii Ev$nhe#iei #$ &o$&e ne$/uri#e -i $# /4n&uirii ne$/u#ui o/ene%c.O/ $# credin)ei, P$ve# devine $"o%&o# n &o$&! di/en%iune$ &er/enu#ui. To$&e

cuv4n&!ri#e #ui $u c$ %co" %!dire$ dr$o%&ei n o/, dr$o%&e$ devine &e#o%u# "$u#inic, i/ne#e "e

c$re #e nchin! dr$o%&ei %&$u #$ 0$1$ u#&erio$re#or e3"erien)e i/nor$fice $#e unor %fin)i, d$r 

&o$&e $ce%&e$ nu $r fi fo%& "o%i0i#e n $f$r$ credin)ei.

7

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(1 O4era .f2ntului A4ostol Pavel3 i6vor şi te0elie 4entru 4redica creştină

Du"! /inune$ Poor4rii Duhu#ui Sf4n& $%u"r$ A"o%&o#i#or, #$ 1iu$ Cinci1eci/ii, n

Ieru%$#i/, ei nce" conver&ire$ ne$/uri#or, "rin cuv4n&, "i#d!, $%cu#&4nd de "orunc$

Înv!)!&oru#ui #or, de $ "ro"ov!dui n &o$&! #u/e$ 8Cf. M$&ei 79, (:; M$rcu (<, (=>.

P$ve# e%&e cuno%cu& c$ unu# din&re cei /$i "ro#ifici %crii&ori $i Nou#ui Te%&$/en&. Pe

#4n! Io$n -i Pe&ru, $#e c!ror e"i%&o#e $u o reu&$&e deo%e0i&! n Nou# Te%&$/en&, Du/ne1eu $

f!cu& cuno%cu&! ev$nhe#i$ S$ n&r2o /$re "$r&e din I/"eriu# Ro/$n 8A%i$ Mic!, Greci$,

M$cedoni$, S"$ni$, I&$#i$> "rin P$ve#, $ce%& A"o%&o# "#in de enerie -i /ereu $&$ de /i%iune.

Iud$ -i I$cov $u fo%&, de $%e/ene$, in%"ir$)i %! %crie, d$r P$ve#, n%!, /eri&! o $&en)ie

deo%e0i&!.

E"i%&o#e#e A"o%&o#u#ui P$ve# con%&i&uie "en&ru o"er$ %$ /i%ion$r! *un $u3i#i$r 

 "re)io%+, f!r! %e$/!n -i $ce$%&$ cu $&4& /$i /u#& cu c4& Sf4n&u# P$ve# n2$ ur/!ri& niciod$&! %!

devin! %crii&or, "o$&e niciod$&! 4ndindu2%e c! %cri%u# %!u v$ r!/4ne "e%&e ve$curi.

E"i%&o#e#e "$u#ine nu %un& %crieri e#$0or$&e n #ini-&e, $%u"r$ unor %u0iec&e din$in&e

$#e%e, ci %un& %crieri oc$1ion$#e, c$re $u &re0ui& %! r!%"und! unor "ro0#e/e "re%$n&e, c$re

nece%i&$u r!%"un% r$0nic, fiind %cri%e %u0 i/"eriu# /o/en&u#ui.

Ce#e (? e"i%&o#e $u fo%& /"!r)i&e de e3ee)i n diferi&e ru"e. A%&fe#, unii cerce&!&ori

#e /"$r& n &rei ru"e@ E"i%&o#e /$ri@ Ro/$ni, I Corin&eni, II Corin&eni, G$#$&eni; E"i%&o#e#e

c$"&ivi&!)ii@ Efe%eni, 'i#i"eni, Co#o%eni, 'i#i/on; E"i%&o#e#e "$%&or$#e 8%"re c$re %e v$ $"#ec$ -i

#ucr$re$ no%&r! /$i n $/!nun& n c$"i&o#u# II>@ I Ti/o&ei, II Ti/o&ei, Ti&, 'i#i/on;

Unii e3ee)i /"$r& e"i%&o#e#e "$u#ine du"! con)inu&u# #or doc&rin$r, du"! cu/

ur/e$1!@ E"i%&o#e 6ri%&o#oice@ 'i#i"eni, Co#o%eni, Evrei; E"i%&o#e So&erio#oice@ Ro/$ni,

G$#$&eni; E"i%&o#! Ec#e%io#oic!@ Efe%eni; E"i%&o#e E%h$&o#oice@ I Te%$#oniceni -i II

Te%$#oniceni; E"i%&o#e P$%&or$#e@ I Ti/o&ei, II Ti/o&ei, Ti&, 'i#i/on; E"i%&o#! Di%ci"#in$r!@ I

Corin&eni; E"i%&o#! A"o#oe&ic!@ II Corin&eni.

71 804ăr/irea cuv2ntărilor 4arenetice du4ă con/inut

Sf4n&u# A"o%&o# P$ve# $0orde$1! n v$rie&$&e$ di%cu%u#ui "$rene&ic o %fer! #$r! de

con)inu&uri "e c$re #e &r$n%/i&e co/uni&!)i#or n&e/ei$&e %$u c!ror$ #e dedic! e"i%&o#e cu

con)inu&@ do/$&ic, "$%&or$#2/i%ion$r, /or$# %$u %oci$#.

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+1 Princi4ii3 0i9loace şi 0etode 4edagogice :nt2lnite :n scrierile .f2ntului A4ostol Pavel

În $"#ic$&ivi&$&e$ #or n o"er$ "$u#in! vo/ )ine con& de ordine$ "re1en&$&! n /$i

/u#&e &r$&$&e de %"eci$#i&$&e #$ c$re vo/ $d!u$ "rinci"ii#e %"ecifice di%ci"#inei re#iie, -i

$nu/e "rinci"iu# ec#e%iocen&ric -i "rinci"iu# hri%&ocen&ric.

Princi"$#e#e /e&ode did$c&ice u&i#i1$&e de Sf4n&u# A"o%&o# P$ve# n vedere$

co/unic!rii i $%i/i#!rii de noi nv! !&uri co/uni&! i#or nfiin $&e de e# %e "o& ru"$ n &reiș ț ț ț

/$ri c$&eorii n func ie de i1voru# "rinci"$# $# nv! !&urii i /odu# de &r$n%/i&ere@ /e&ode deț ț ș

co/unic$re or$#!, /e&ode de co/unic$re %cri%! i /e&ode de cuno$ &ere $ re$#i&! ii re#iio$%e.ș ș ț

MiB#o$ce#e de nv!)!/4n& u&i#i1$&e n &i/"u# orei de Re#iie, $u ro#u# de $ e/o)ion$,

de $ convine, de $ f$ci#i&$ n%u-ire$ cuno-&in)e#or -i for/$re$ %en&i/en&e#or re#iio%2/or$#e.

E#e $u o /$re inf#uen)! e/o)ion$#!, f$c4ndu2i "e e#evi %! "re)ui$%c! -i %! $cce"&e $nu/i&e

v$#ori, %!2-i for/e1e $nu/i&e, convineri, %!2-i or$ni1e1e, in&eriori1e1e -i conce"&u$#i1e1e

%i%&e/u# de v$#ori re#iio$%e.

Profe%oru# de re#iie "o$&e fo#o%i #$ or! c$ /iB#o$ce de nv!)!/4n&@ &e3&u# 0i0#ic,

ico$n$, "or&re&u#, h$r&$, &$0e#u# crono#oic, e#e/en&e#e de i%&orie #oc$#!, #i&er$&ur$ re#iio$%!,

c$%e&e#e $udio, di$"o1i&ive#e, fi#/u#, e/i%iuni#e re#iio$%e &e#evi1$&e -i c$#cu#$&oru#.

;1 Actualitatea 4rinci4iilor didactice :n o4era .f2ntului A4ostol Pavel Proiectare

didactică

A"#ic$0i#i&$&e$ "rinci"ii#or did$c&ice n "roce%u# de nv! !/4n& %e re$#i1e$1! "rinț

$#c!&uire$ "roiec&e#or de #ec ie c$re hide$1! $c&ivi&$&e$ "rofe#oru#ui #$ c#$%!.ț

În cee$ ce "rive &e "re1en $ "rinci"ii#or did$c&ice n o"er$ "$u#in!, "u&e/ %"une c!ș ț

e"i%&o#e#e %$#e %un& n e%$&e de e3e/"#e "rin c$re ne$/uri#e $u fo%& $du%e #$ credin $ cre &in!.ț ț ș

Sf4n&u# A"o%&o# P$ve# %2$ fo#o%i& de "rinci"ii#e did$c&ice nu "en&ru $ %e $dre%$ unui ru"re%&r4n% de o$/eni, ci unor n&rei co/uni&! i, de cu#&uri diferi&e i r$nuri %oci$#e diferi&e. iț ș Ș

cu &o$&e $ce%&e$, $c&ivi&$&e$ %$ $ fo%& un$ din&re ce#e /$i nf#ori&o$re n&ruc4& "rin "rice"ere$ %$

de 0un "ed$o, $/ "u&e$ %"une noi $%&!1i, $ reu i& %! ve%&e$%c! Ev$nhe#i$ #ui 6ri%&o% "4n!ș

#$ /$rini#e "!/4n&u#ui.

În ur/$ $n$#i1ei e"i%&o#e#or "$u#ine din "er%"ec&iv$ "rinci"ii#or did$c&ice, "u&e/

%"une c! e#e %un& un $dev!r$& i1vor "en&ru &o i cei c$re dore%c %! %!de$%c! n %uf#e&e#eț

o$/eni#or o nv! !&ur! cre &in! %!n!&o$%! i 1idi&o$re de %uf#e&. Un$ di&re dove1i#e $c&u$#i&! iiț ș ș ț

e"i%&o#e#or "$u#ine n cee$ ce "rive &e $c&ivi&$&e$ "ed$oic! i did$c&ic! e%&e f$"&u# c! unor ș ș

?

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&e3&e "$u#ine #i %2$ $cord$& %"$ ii %"eci$#e n "ror$/$ co#$r! cu/ $r fi de e3e/"#u i/nu#ț ș

dr$o%&ei cre &ine #$ c$re %e v$ referi i "$r&e$ "r$c&ic! $ #ucr!rii de f$ !.ș ș ț

,1 .f2ntul A4ostol Pavel3 :nvă/ător şi :04linitor al <Cuv2ntului= 0odel de0n de ur0at

4entru elevi şi 4rofesori

Prin 1e#u# %!u, "rin cu#&ur$ %$, A"o%&o#u# P$ve# ne "o$&e fi "i#d! de cee$ ce &re0uie %!

fie un /i%ion$r. P$ve# $ fo%& credincio% #$%u#ui M4n&ui&oru#ui -i niciod$&! e# n2$ "redic$& n

nu/e#e #ui "er%on$#, ci nu/$i n nu/e#e #ui Ii%u% 6ri%&o%.

Conclu6ii

Meri&e#e Sf4n&u#ui A"o%&o# P$ve# %un& con%ider$0i#e "en&ru r!%"4ndire$

cre &ini%/u#ui. Prin /i%iune$ #ui "rin&re ne$/uri e# $ r!%"4ndi& cre &ini%/u#, /$i $#e%, nș ș

#u/e$ reco2ro/$n! i #2$ n&!ri& #$ Ro/$, n cen&ru# I/"eriu#ui.ș

Prin $c&ivi&$&e$ %$ /i%ion$r! "rin&re ne$/uri, e# $ e#i0er$& cre-&ini%/u# de %ervi&u&e$

Leii /o1$ice -i $ $%iur$& "ro"ov$duire$ #ui univer%$#!.

=

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CUPR#.

In&roducere.........................................................................................................................<

(. Per%on$#i&$&e$ Sf4n&u#ui P$ve#, A"o%&o# $# #ui 6ri%&o%...................................................9

(.(. A%"ec&e din vi$)$ Sf4n&u#ui A"o%&o# P$ve#........................................................9

(.7. P$ve# che/$& de Du/ne1eu............................................................................(<

(.. A"o%&o#u# P$ve# – S#uBi&oru#............................................................................(:

(.?. Credincio-i$ A"o%&o#u#ui.................................................................................7<

7. O"er$ Sf4n&u#ui A"o%&o# P$ve#, i1vor -i &e/e#ie "en&ru "redic$ cre-&in!....................7:

7.(. Sf4n&$ Scri"&ur! -i cheri/$ $"o%&o#ic!, fund$/en& "en&ru "redic$ cre-&in!..7:

7.(.(. M4n&ui&oru# Ii%u% 6ri%&o%, /ode#u# "redic$&oru#ui cre-&in..................

7.(.7. Predic$ Sfin)i#or A"o%&o#i, i1vor -i /ode# "en&ru "redic$ cre-&in!.....=

7.7. O"er$ Sf4n&u#ui A"o%&o# P$ve# – $"ec&e ener$#e...........................................:

7.7.(. E"i%&o#e#e %i%&e/$&i1e$1! di%cur%u# or$# $# A"o%&o#u#ui......................?

7.7.7. Î/"!r)ire$ E"i%&o#e#or P$u#ine............................................................?7

7.7.. Lucr$re$ Sf4n&u#ui A"o%&o#u# P$ve# – /ode# "en&ru "redic$&oru#cre-&in............................................................................................................?=

. Î/"!r)ire$ cuv4n&!ri#or "$rene&ice du"! con)inu&........................................................?9

.(. Locu# -i i/"or&$n)$ "$rene1ei n %crieri#e Sf4n&u#ui A"o%&o# P$ve#................?9

.7. 'e#uri#e "$rene1ei "$u#ine...............................................................................=(

.7.(.P$rene1$ do/$&ic!.............................................................................=(

.7.(.(. 6ri%&o#oi$...................................................................................=7.7.(.7. Ec#e%io#oi$.................................................................................=<.7.(.. Pnev/$&o#oi$.............................................................................=:

.7.(.?. So&erio#oi$.................................................................................<.7.(.?. E%h$&o#oi$..................................................................................7

<

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.7.7. P$rene1$ "$%&or$# – /i%ion$r! -i %oci$#!.............................................=

  .7.7.(. P$rene1$ cu "rivire #$ c#erici du"! Sf4n&u# A"o%&o# P$ve#.........=  .7.7.7. P$rene1$ $dre%$&$ #$ici#or -i $%"ec&e#e %oci$#e.............................9

.7.. P$rene1$ /or$#!..................................................................................9<

?. Princi"ii, /iB#o$ce -i /e&ode "ed$oice n&4#ni&e n %crieri#e Sf4n&u#ui A"o%&o#P$ve#................................................................................................................................:=

?.(. Princi"ii#e did$c&ice -i i/"or&$n)$ #or n c$dru# educ$)iei...............................:=

?.7. Princi"ii#e did$c&ice n E"i%&o#e#e P$u#ine.......................................................:9

?.7.(. Princi"iu# /0in!rii &eoriei cu "r$c&ic$....................................................:9

?.7.7. Princi"iu# re%"ec&!rii "$r&icu#$ri&!)i#or de v4r%&!...................................(

?.7.. Princi"iu# %i%&e/$&i1!rii -i con&inui&!)ii.................................................(

?.7.?. Princi"iu# core#$)iei din&re %en1ori$# -i r$)ion$#, din&re concre& -i $0%&r$c&8"rinci"iu# in&ui)iei>.........................................................................................(=

?.7.=. Princi"iu# "$r&ici"!rii $c&ive -i con-&ien&e.............................................(9

?.7.<. Princi"iu# n%u-irii &e/einice $ cuno-&in)e#or, "rice"eri#or,de"rinderi#or....................................................................................................((

?.7.. Princi"iu# $%iur!rii cone3iunii inver%e.................................................((7

?.7.9. Princi"iu# /o&iv$)iei..............................................................................((

?.7.:. Princi"iu# ec#e%iocen&ric........................................................................((?

?.7.(. Princi"iu# hri%&ocen&ric........................................................................((<

?.. Me&ode did$c&ice -i c$&ehe&ice u&i#i1$&e de Sf4n&u# A"o%&o# P$ve#................((

?..(. Defini)i$ /e&odei, $ /e&odo#oiei -i $ %&r$&eiei did$c&ice....................((

?..7. C#$%ific$re$ /e&ode#or de nv!)!/4n&...................................................(7

?... Princi"$#e#e /e&ode did$c&ice u&i#i1$&e de Sf4n&u# A"o%&o# P$ve#.........(7

?...(. Me&ode de co/unic$re or$#!..........................................................(7

?...7. Me&ode de co/unic$re %cri%!.........................................................((

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?.... Me&ode de cuno$ &ere $ re$#i&! ii re#iio$%e...................................(?ș ț

?.?. MiB#o$ce did$c&ice.........................................................................................(

?.?.(. Te3&u# 0i0#ic..........................................................................................(:

?.?.7. Ico$n$....................................................................................................(?

?.?.. Por&re&u#.................................................................................................(?(

?.?.?. 6$r&$......................................................................................................(?7

=. Sf4n&u#ui A"o%&o# P$ve#, nv!)!&or -i /"#ini&or $# *Cuv4n&u#ui+ /ode# de/n de ur/$& "en&ru e#evi -i "rofe%ori.................................................................................................(?

<. Ac&u$#i&$&e$ "rinci"ii#or did$c&ice n o"er$ Sf4n&u#ui A"o%&o# P$ve# Proiec&$redid$c&ic!.........................................................................................................................(?=

Conc#u1ii........................................................................................................................(=?

Ane3e.............................................................................................................................(=9

5i0#ior$fie....................................................................................................................(:

Dec#$r$)ie de one%&i&$&e..................................................................................................7

9