Opiul- Papaver somniferum – mac - fam
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Transcript of Opiul- Papaver somniferum – mac - fam
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Opiul
• Flori albe, violete, rosii-purpurii, capsule dehiscente sau indehiscente, seminte alb-galbui, albastre cenusii, negre, in functie de varietate
• latexul uscat la aer , obtinut prin incizii practicate in capsulele imature ale speciei Papaver somniferum
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Opium compozitie chimica
40 alcalozi (Morfina, Codeina, Papaverina, Noscapina si Tebaina) sub forma de saruri ale acidului lactic, sulfuric si meconicAlcaloizi cu nucleu izochinolinic a) n. tetrahidro-izochinolinic b) n. benzil-izochinolinic (papaverina) c) n. ftalid-izochinolinic (noscapina)Alcaloizi cu nucleu morfinanic (morfina, codeina, tebaina)
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Naturally occurringopioids
Morphine
Codeine
Tebaina
Semi-syntheticopioids
Diacetylmorphine(a.k.a. heroin)
Popular street names:chiva, diesel, smack, skag, heron,
black tar, horse, junk, jenny, brown,brown sugar, dark and H. )
Syntheticopioids
Methadone
Opioidantagonists
Naltrexone
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Opiumidentificare
• Opiu+ferocianura de potasiu + sare ferica = col. albastra
• Opiu + formaldehida in H2SO4 conc. = col. rosie
• Opiu + FeCl3 = col. rosieOH
COOH
OOH
OHOOCO
O
HOOC
acid meconic acid comenic
-CO2
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Obtinerea alcaloizilor din opiu (morfina)
• 1. PV = extract apos +CaCl2 acidul meconic (restul de alcaloizi) pp ca saruri de Ca greu solubile; alcaloizii = clorhidrati in sol. apoasa separare datorita bazicitatii diferite; alcalinizare cu amoniac
pp morfina baza
codeina baza = extractie cu benzen (Ch)• 2. PV = extract apos + Ca(OH)2 (alcalinizare)
morfina = morfinat de Ca
alcaloizii ramasi = saruri de Ca insolubile