Inf Despre Orheiul Vechi

7/30/2019 Inf Despre Orheiul Vechi

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English Language

THE OLD ORHEI

Here time stilIn this edition we would like to open a second door in history, behind which you II find one of the most

interesting monuments of the past, and one of the most mysterious places in Moldova - an ancient city and a

revived sanctuary - Orheiul Vechi. It is a historical and archaeological resort located on the river Raut

between the villages of Trebujeni and Butuceni, 60 km far from Chisinau. Here, on top of the cliff existed

once a Geto-Dacian fortress. Dacians were called the ancestors of Moldovian population. They brought

prosperity to the Golden Hordes city - Shehr al-Jadid or to the moldavian city Orhei. This museum underthe sky, is surrounded by cliffs, so it is understandable why it is called Orhei, because it means fortress.The central rock called The Cave, confirms its own name, it has an unbelievable amount of caves with

secret entrances and exits. This and the rock called Butuceni, create toghether a natural fortress and

fantastic scenery, ideal for creating, for example, a film as the Lord Rings. Orhei is like a cake made of

several layers which symbolize several- past eras; the Paleolithic Age, the Stone Age, the Iron Age, the

cultural Geto-Dacian era and the early and late Middle Age. From the 1st to late 6th century BC, strong geto

- dacian fortresses were guarding the strong and independent state. On this territory can be found three

perfect circles on the ground made of stones - a kind of astronomical calendar that Geto-Dacs used to

calculate the days, the months, the years, and the time of the day, relying on the sun, it could also be used as

a shrine.

In the middle of the fourteenth century, this territory was under the Tatars reign and on the ruins of theancient previous city was created one of the Golden Hordes capitals. Shehr al-Jadid (New Town) was builton the principle of oriental architecture, from which later were born mosques, mausoleums, caravans, public

baths and heating and ventilation systems; their ruins have survived till the present day. Sehr al - Jadid is

recognized by historians as being one of the greatest capitals of the Golden Horde during their expansioninto Europe.

>Moldova is a paradise for travelers who eager to acquire knowledge. Her fate blends with many nations'

destiny, like Thracians, Slavs, Celts, Goths, Huns, and others, therefore, she absorbed, in the meantime, the

diversity and the richness of this nations' traditions, habits, and formed its unique features. For a long time,

Moldova was situated between the Carpati Mountains and the Black Sea and was used as a hall through

which passed many tribes and nations leaving their mark in form of camps and settlements. On this territory

can be found more than eight thousand archaeological monuments, which have valuable historical

significance throughout Europe.

In the late 60 century XIV Shehr al-Jadid was destroyed, and the beginning of the fifteenth century, is born

Moldovan people, and when he is born a new and independent city called Orhei.

In the late 60s of the 14th century Shehr al-Jadid was destroyed and later in the beginning of the 15thcentury, was born the Moldavian population, this new population created new and independent city called

Orhei. In order to protect the new city, the residents have raised a some of fortresses: on the western side of

the city, two rows of wood embankments have been erected and the all remaining parts were protected by

the steep banks of the river. Therefore, the newly born town was surrounded by a ring of fortresses.

Beginning with the second half of the fifteenth century, during the reign of Stefan III was being built castle

made of stone which had 4 corners with a rectangular stone tower - typical Moldavian construction for that

period. Inside the castle was built the Pircalabs palace. The Pircalab represented the head of military and

civilian forces of the city and the county. Later, he became the ruler of the place. The most flourishingperiod of Orhei was during Moldovan people - Alexander the Good and Stephen the Great. During this

period Orheiul was a trade route crossing from Lviv to Belgorod-Dniester and thus present an important

element for the development of trade. In Orhei have survived in perfect condition an old monastery coming


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back from the 13th century which is made of a chain of long, dark corridors that lead to the rocky depths.

Now a day, a man could pass through these small corridors only by leaning. In order to be able to practice in

peace their religious practices, the monks have dug a tunnel inside the rock, where they eventually built a

chapel. This new monastery, was a true haven for those who were persecuted.

The Monastery of Butuceni XV-XVI, was carved in the soft Limestone Wall of the rock, on the brink of

Raut river. Here, ever since Middle age, are existing, to monasteries made of stone, one of the two is called ADORMIREA MAICII DOMNULUI in the past the monastery entrance was from the river side. In orderfor the people to get to the monastery, there were craved some steps in the rock. In 18th century the stone

along with all that have been built in it, have collapsed. In 1821 the inhabitants of the village Butuceni, have

dug deep in the ground a tunnel that leaded to the monastery. Today the old church bell determines the

location of the stone. Upstream the Raut River, is a shield build by the Boisem Pircalab in 1675. It consists

of five interconnected caves, each with its own access to the outsides.

Orhei is the historians, geographers, art peoples and sculptors favorite place ofstudy. They are attractedby the special atmosphere of this place which helps the development of art and science. Here lingers inner

peace, and time seems to have stood still. Every year Orhei is the host of several musical and artistic events.

The townspeople say that inside the cages secret passages is hidden a chariot entirely made, but that after an

earthquake the entrance inside the cages was blocked, and the chariot cannot be found. Here, have beenfound two rifles made of bronze. These rifles are unique, as they cannot be found in no other place in

Europe. More than 1500 years ago, on the Raut river shore the Greeks have built, some limestone baths with

water drain plugs. On the place where the stone was extracted remained many holes ten kilometers long,

where wine can be preserved.

Orhei is included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage. Experts have discovered that Orhei is both, a

culture and nature monument, because in such a small area is concentrated a large number of plant and

animal species which are included in the Red Book.

On the hill, just below the monastery, was built a small village called Butuceni. y visiting it, you will have

the opportunity to see a small Moldavian house that have survived since the nineteenth century - thebeginning of the twentieth zentury. This constitutes a vivid example of the types of housing they live most

of the Moldovan people. Going into the main room of the house Casa Mare, you will find jewelry and

handicrafts, loom, tools and cellar in the house. Local people live here with no fuss. You will always be

invited to visit enjoy the national cuisine and of course, the famous Moldavian polenta and wine that should

be served with soft delicious pies. If it happens to you to be in Old Orhei during the local holidays, then you

will enjoy the unforgettable show full of ancient ceremonies, dances and songs of the real lautar that playsan old tender instrument called lauta.Above the river, on the edge of the shelf, there is a big stone cross. Dont be afraid to get closer or to touch itand dont hesitate to admire the breathtaking panorama and the silent surroundings that offer everybody theawe feeling for the universe.Think about some good and kind things and youe wiches will get true on the

blessed land of Moldova


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Limba Romn

ORHEIUL VECHI

Aici timpul se oprete n loc...n acest numr ne-am dori s deschidem o a doua u in istorie, n spatele creia se afla unul dintre cele maiinteresante monumente ale trecutului, i unul dintre cele mai misterioase locuri din Moldova - un oras antici un sanctuar readus la viata - Orheiul Vechi. Acesta complex istorico-arheologic se intinde pe rul Rut,ntre satele Trebujeni si Butuceni, la 60 km nord-est de Chiinu.Aici, pe partea de sus a stncii, se amplasa cndva o cetate a geto-dacilor (stramosii popoarelor indigene din

Moldova), prospera oraul Hoardei de Aur - Shehr Al-Jadid i Orheiul moldovenesc Acest muzeu sub aerliber este inconjurat de stinci, asa ca este firesc ca oraul care s -a format aici sa fie numit Orhei, ceea ceinseamna fortareata. Stinca centrala numita Petera, isi confirma propriul nume, numarind o cantitateincredibila de grote care au intrri si ieiri secrete. mpreun cu stinca Butuceni, ele creeaz o cetate

natural i un peisaj fantastic, ideal pentru crearea a, de exemplu, unui film de tipul ecranizrii noi aStapanului Inelelor. Orheiul Vechi este asemeni unei prjituri din straturi ce ar simboliza mai multe epocidin trecut: epoca paleoliticului, epoca de piatr, epoca fierului, epoca culturii geto-dacice, Evul Mediutimpuriu i trziu. Din secolul al Vl-lea pina in secolul I . de Hr. fortificaii puternice geto-dacice pazeau unstat independent si prosper. Aici vei gsesc trei cercuri exacte, marcate cu pietre - asemenLunui calendarastronomic pe care Geii il foloseau pentru a calcula zilele, lunile, anii, precum i ora zilei, bazindu -se pesistemul solar, de asemenea, aceasta era utilizat pe post de altar.

La mijlocul secolului al XlV-lea, acest teritoriu se afla sub conducerea tatarilor si in locul ruinelor anticului

oras s-a format una dintre capitalele Hoardei de Aur. Shehr Al-Jadid (Oraul Nou) a fost construit pe

principiul arhitecturii orientale, de la care mai trziu s-au nscut moscheiele, mausoleile, caravanele, bilepublice dotate cu sisteme de nclzire i ventilare; ruinele acestor din urma au supravieuit pn n zilelenoastre. Sehr al-Jadid este recunoscut de ctre istorici ca fiind una dintre cele mai mari capitale ale Hoardeide Aur n timpul expansiunii lor spre Europa.

Moldova este un adevarat paradis pentru cltorii dornici de a acumula cunotine. Soarta ei se mpletetecu destinul multor naiuni ( traci, slavi, celi, goi, huni, i altele), a absorbit ntre timp ,diversitatea i

bogia tradiiilor acestora i obiceiurilor lor, astfel formndui caracteristicile sale unice. Dim timpuri,trenul dintre Carpai i Marea Neagr, constituia un fel de coridor prin care au trecut multe triburi i naiuni,lsndu-i urma prin crearea noilor aezri i localiti. Pe acest teritoriu pot fi gsite peste 8 mii demonumente arhiologice, care au o deosibit importan istoric pentru ntreaga Europ.La sfarsitul anilor 60 al secolului al XlV-lea Shehr Al-Jadid a fost distrus, iar la inceputul secolului al XV-

lea, aici apare o aezare moldoveneasc, concomitent dnd natere noului oras independent Orhei. Pentru aproteja noul oras, localnicii au ridicat un numr mare de ceti: in partea vestica fortreaa consta din dournduri de terasamente din lemn, iar din celelalte parti era protejat de malurile abrupte ale rului. Astfel,

oraul nou era nconjurat de un inel de fortificaii. n a doua jumtate a secolului al XV-lea, pe timpul domniei luitefan al lll-lea a fost construita o cetate de piatr formata din 4 colturi, cu un turn de piatra dreptunghiular,tipic construciilor defensive moldoveneti pentru acea perioada. n interior fusese construit palatul

pircalabului, capul superior al forelor militare i civile ale oraului i judeului, care mai tirziu era numitdomnitor. Perioada cea mai nfloritoare a Orheiului a avut loc pe timpul conducerii domnitorilor poporului

moldovenesc - Alexandru cel Bun i tefan cel Mare, oraul devenind un punct important al ruteicomerciale de la Liov la Belgorod- Dnestrovsk.

In Orheiul Vechi s-a pastrat in stare perfecta o veche mnstire rupestr din secolul al 13-lea, carereprezint un lant de coridoare lungi si intunecoase, ce duc spre adincul stincii, trecerea prin acestea este


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posibil doar prin poziie semi-aplecat. Pentru a practica n tain ritualurile religioase, clugrii au sapatun tunel cu acces spre capel. Aceast veche mnstire, constituia un adevarat refugiu pentru cei ce erau

persecutai. Mnirea Butuceni (XV-XVII), a fost spat n pereii de calcar moale ale stincii, pe margineaprpastiei riului Rut. In acest loc, nc din Evul Mediu, exist dou mnstiri rupestre, una dintre ele senumete Adormirea Maicii Domnului,. n trecut, intrarea in mnstire se afla dinspre riu, pentru ca

persoanele s se poata ridica, n stnc fusese-r construite nite trepte, acestea s-au prbuit mpreuna custnca n secolul al XVIII-lea. r anul 1821, locuitorii satului Butuceni au spat adnc n pamnt un tunel

care conducea spre mnstire. Astzi, clopotnia determin amplasarea vechii biserici rupestre. n amontelerului Raut, se afla un schit construit de ctre prcalabul Boisem n anul 1675 . Acesta const din cinci

peteri interconectate, fiecare cu acces propriu spre exterior.Orheiul Vechi este locul de studiu preferat al istoricilor, geografilor, oamenilor de arta si a sculptorilor,

atrai de atmosfera speciala a acestui loc, care influeneaz prielnic dezvoltarea artei i tiinei. Aici dinuieo linite neordinar, iar timpul pare s se fi oprit n loc. n fiecare an, n Orheiul Vechi, au loc evenimentede tip muzical si artistic.

Pn n prezent aici sunt gsite diverse obiecte, monede din aur i argint, bronz, arme, ceramic a culturiitripoliene. Populaia btina susine c n stnc, prin pasajele secrete, este ascuns un car fcut n

ntregime din aur, ns dup cutremur, intrarea n stinc a fost blocat, iar carul nu mai poate fi gsit. Aici, Iau fost gsite dou puti din bronz, ce sunt unice pentru Europa. Pe malul nuiui Rut pn n prezent pute-ivedea, cad de baie spat n calcar 1500 de ani n urm, de ctre greci, cu scurgeri mari pentru ap. Inlocul unde a fost extras piatra au ramas catacombe care ajung pina la zeci de km lungime, in acestea se

poate pastra vinul. Orheiul Vechi este inclus in lista patrimoniului mondial al UNESCO. Experii audescoperit c Orheiul Vechi nu este doar un monument al culturii, dar si al naturii, pentru c ntr-oasemenea zon mic este concentrat un numr mare de specii de plante i animale incluse n Cartea Roie.Pe deal, mai jos de mnstire, se intinde micul sat numit Butuceni. Vizitndu -I, vei avea ocazia sa vedei ocsu moldoveneasca de tip rural datat cu secolul XIX - inceputul secolului XX, care s-a pstrat pn n

zilele noastre. Aceasta constitue un exemplu al tipurilor de locuine pentru majoritatea moldovenilor.Intrnd n camera principal a casei, Casa Mare, vei gsi bijuterii i obiecte de artizanat, rzboi de esutustensile si pivni n cas. Locuitorii acestui sat triesc in tihn. Neaprat vei fi invitai n ospeie, iservii cu vestita mmlig, si alte mincaruri din bucataria naionala moldoveneasca. Sa vrecapatati

puterile V va ajuta vinul moldovenesc, care trebuie servit cu delicioasele plcinte si nvirtite. Dac veiavea norocul sa v aflai n Orheiul Vechi in timpul hramul satului, atunci v ateapt o prezentareadevrat de ceremonii strvechi, dansuri i cintece ale lutarilor autohtoni care cnt la leuta, un instrumentvechi lutresc. Sus, deasupra rului, pe vrful stincei, se afla o cruce mare din piatra. Nu ezitai s vapropiai de ea, s o atingei, i s admirai privelitea panoramic ce v nconjoar i v intretaie suflarea,iar linite magic va face ca oricine care a pus piciorul pe acest pamint s simt pe propria piele suflareauniversului. Ginditi- va la un lucru bun si dorina dumneavoastra neaparat se va mplini, deoarece va aflai

pe pamintul binecuvjntat al Moldovei.


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Inf Despre Orheiul Vechi

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