DACIA_Electra
-
Upload
prunes-ionut-cristian -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of DACIA_Electra
-
8/6/2019 DACIA_Electra
1/5
Research Regarding the Development of an
Electric Vehicle
Danut Gabriel MarinescuFaculty of Mechanics and Technology, Automotive Department
University of Pitesti, 1, Targu din Vale street, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
E-mail: [email protected]
Ion Tabacu
Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Automotive DepartmentUniversity of Pitesti, 1, Targu din Vale street, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
E-mail: [email protected]
Stefan TabacuFaculty of Mechanics and Technology, Automotive Department
University of Pitesti, 1, Targu din Vale street, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
E-mail: [email protected]
Cornel NaeMilitary School Basarab I ,Trivale street , 16 , Pitesti, Romania
E-mail: :[email protected]
Copyright 2009 MC2D & MITI
Abstract: This paper presents aspects regarding the research starting in 2008 within the project ECO
EV for realization an experimental flexible platform of ecologic electric vehicle. The electric system
type, developed as part of the EcoMatic Hybrid System is assembled on a newly experimental vehicle,
DACIA Electra based on a Dacia Logan in the Automotive Engineering Research Centre of theUniversity of Pitesti.
Keywords: Passenger car,Ecologic Vehicle, Electric Vehicle
1. IntroductionConsidering the world wide approach intransportation to reduce the petrol dependence,
save and preserve energy a process of
developing the ECO EV (ECOlogic ElectricVehicle) is in progress within the AutomotiveEngineering Research Centre of the University
of Pitesti.
It is part a of ECOlogic Program strategy(Figure 1) foreseen to take place during 2009-
2011 period, in Alternative Propulsion System
& Renewable Energies laboratory a part of theAutomotive Engineering Research Centre of
University of Pitesti.
Addressing this theme was influenced by therevival in particular of the electric vehicle as aresult of technological developments in
lithium-ion battery and low price of electricity
transport [1].The concept car, first time presented in this
paper, was developed based on the mechanical
March 26-29
-
8/6/2019 DACIA_Electra
2/5
platform of Dacia Logan and is underconstruction thanks to a financial aid granted
by the Romanian Ministry of Education,
Research and Innovation [2] and the technicalhelp of the Dacia Group Renault that has the
plant near Pitesti.
2. Car body and ECO EVarchitectureThe cars body was built based Dacia LoganECO HYBRID, 2008 version [2] equipped whit EcoMatic Hybrid System (Energy conversion
with autoMaticHybrid System) [3].Unlike the model of the DACIA Logan fromwhich was started the new vehicle body was
changed in the rear side (Figure 2).
This change will be followed the enlargement
of the roof area to be covered withphotovoltaic cells and vehicle customization.
For the body works and to implement newcomponents, a measuring arm ROMER
SIGMA 2018 was used. (Figure 3).
This allows numerical digitisation of the
surfaces using PC-DMIS software withCATIA V5 import/export option available, and
also for the verification of the final
construction according to the CAD data.Also required spaces for vehicles sub
assemblies can be checked in order to ensurethe proper mounting conditions.
Gaps and clearance between the working parts,vehicle structure and onboard systems are
verified and validated for good operating
conditions.Bodywork can allow the implementation ofthree architectures for Eco EVelectric drive
train system: front wheel drive, rear wheeldrive, (similarly Dacia Logan ECO HYBRID
E-4WD) and in 4x4 electric variant.
For this stage the front wheel drivearchitecture was chosen (Figure 4).
3. The electric propulsion equipmentsystem construction
The electric propulsion equipment system was
taken over mainly from Logan ECO HYBRID
E-4WD [2].
Figure 2: The DACIA Electra underconstruction in the Automotive
Engineering Research Centre of theUniversity of Pitesti
Figure 3: The measuring arm ROMER
SIGMA for numerical digitization of the
surfacesDACIA Electra
Figure 1:ECOlogic Program strategy for 2009-2011 period in the Alternative PropulsionSystems & Renewable Energies laboratory,Automotive Engineering Research Centre
-
8/6/2019 DACIA_Electra
3/5
In DACIA Electras case, it was placed at thefront side of vehicle (Figure 5).
It consists in the motor asynchronous type and
the mechanical transmission, used to adapt the
energetic and kinematics parameters of themotor to the driving conditions and it also
provides the mechanical energy to the frontwheels.The motor assigned is made by MES-DEA
Swiss, asynchronous type, 16 kW (22 hp) of
continuous power, 60 Nm @ 2850 rpm, fluidcooled. The control of the electric motor is
also made by MES-DEA Swiss. TIM
(Traction Inverter Module) is a vector control
AC motor drive, especially designed forelectric and hybrid vehicles [5].
All the driving commands (accelerator pedaland selector RND/P lever) are drive by wirecommands.
The ELECTRA transmission is manufacturedas a prototype starting fromDacia mechanical
elements and consists in the reduction unit-differential assembly mounted in a common
case made by light alloy and the shafts, whichtransmits the electric power to the frontwheels.
The reduction unit-differential assembly was
designed to have only one gear ratio. On the
other hand, in order to have flexibility to themounting of a standard electric motor and tooffset it from the shaft of the final drive, we
decided to use the three shafts transmission:
the primary shaft, the intermediary shaft andthe secondary shaft (the shaft of differential).
All shafts are in the same plane. The gear
wheels feature helical gears.For the Parking mode a locking mechanism
actuated electromechanically by pressingbutton P of the selector lever was designed.The differential, in a classical design, is
integrated into the gear reduction unit in a
common case manufactured by light alloy.The final drive shafts make the connectionbetween the gear reduction unit - differential
assembly (mounted pseudo-elastic on vehicles
body) and the front wheels.For economic considerations final drive shafts,
the transmission case, gear wheels thedifferential and the suspension of the power
train areDACIA Logan components.
The electric equipments needed for electricenergy generating/storing/plug-in to the home
electric network include a traction battery,lithium-ion technology, an embarked AC/DC
charger and a DC/DC converter for converthigh voltage to 12 Volts for storing in theauxiliary battery.
This equipment is completed by an assembly
of photovoltaic cell placed on the roof. At first
this is connected only to the low voltage circuit(12V) which supplies the auxiliarypreconditioning outfit of the vehicle interior.
All these equipments will be purchased in the
period immediately following the finalizationthe model vehicle complete and performance
simulation software AVL Cruise.
4. Specific auxiliary systemsIn order to maintain the driving comfort thehydraulic system used to assist the steering
available on Dacia Logan Diesel (1,5 dci),
system with electrical pump group, wasadapted.
To enhance maneuverability (for vehicle
parking) a version of a rear axle with steer able
wheels actuated electro-mechanical is underconstruction.
To maintain the braking comfort a vacuumelectro-pump specially manufactured for EVswas used.
To provide the thermal comfort in the cockpit
a climatic group which is compatible with theelectric propulsion system will allow the
Figure 4. Architecture of the DACIA Electra with
EcoEV System: 1 Electric Motor; 2 TractionInverter Module (Motor control); 3 Transmission
Traction Battery Module; 4 Transmission; 5 Battery
Charger; 6 DC/DC converter for starting battery; 7Starting battery, 8 solar panel; 9 DC/DC solar panel
converter
Figure 5: TheDACIA Electra power trainimplementation on the front side ofvehicle (power train in construction)
-
8/6/2019 DACIA_Electra
4/5
rationalization of the electric energy
consumption by contribution of the:
Thermal energy from the cooling system ofthe electric equipment components (motor,
traction battery etc) when heating the
passenger cockpit is required;
Solar energy from the photovoltaic cellspanel placed on the roof will provide airconditioning in the vehicle interior.
To reduce consumption of electricity to if
the lighting lamps, the incandescent lightbulbs, were replaced with LED's (Figure 6).
5. Modeling and simulationTo simulate the driving and consumptionperformances of DACIA Electra, CRUISE
software, recently received from the AVL, was
used.Its modular concept enables free modeling ofall possible vehicle configurations while
sophisticated solvers guarantee short
calculation times [6].
CRUISE is typically used in drive train and
engine or motor development to calculate andoptimize the following: Fuel Consumption and Emissions;
Driving Performance (acceleration,
elasticity); Transmission Ratios;
Braking performance,
and for the determination of: Collective Loads for Stress Calculations;
Drive train Vibrations.The modular structure of CRUISE permitsmodeling of all existing and future vehicle
concepts for both single and double track
vehicles (motorcycles, passenger cars, trucks,etc.).
6. The experimental research baseIn order to perform the tests of the alternative
vehicles (EVs, HEVs) or propulsion systemfor automobiles fueled by alternative and
renewable energies at the Automotive
Engineering Research Centre of University ofPitesti a new laboratory is under construction.
It has:
An Schenk roller test bench adapted fortesting the electric and hybrid electric vehicle;
An Hoffmann Eddy-current engine/motorbrake for testing the performances of engines,
motors and hybrid power train systems.In order to test theDACIA Electra andDACIAECO Hybrid prototypes on dynamometric
chassis they are placed in a specific
architecture (Figure 8)
The false axle mounted on the bench in a
parallel with the front axle of the vehicle is
used to evaluate the recuperative braking
attempts capacity of theLogan ECO-Hybrid E-
Figure 6: The DACIA Electra
lighting systems utilize the lampswhit LEDs components
Figure 7: The CRUISE software from AVLusing for modeling DACIA Electra and
simulating driving performance and energyconsumption
Figure 8: The test bench for electric and hybridelectric vehicle under construction in theAlternativePropulsion System & Renewable Energies
laboratory , Automotive Engineering Research
Centre, University of Pitesti
-
8/6/2019 DACIA_Electra
5/5
4WD [4] by a power train simulator with
thermal engine.In such a configuration, on the rollerbenchmark, tests will be performed in order to
simulate either the standard driving cycles or
other types of cycles.In order to test the prototype on the road for
measuring the dynamic performances of the
vehicle, within longitudinal movement, therehas been necessary to accomplish an assembly
of specific equipments.It consists of a DATRON CORREVITequipment (Figure 9) with optical sensor and a
personal computer - onboard vibration
resistant - dedicated to be used for dataacquisition system DAQ USB-30A16 andspecific sensors.
The non-contact, optical sensor systems made
by CORRSYS-DATRON provide a superior
solution for the measurement of speed,distance, and other dynamic measurement
variables.The operation of the system is visualized by
the driver in real time on a 7 color andmultitasking display.
7. ConclusionThe ECO EV( ECOlogic Electric Vehicle)project in development in the new Alternative
Propulsion System & Renewable Energies
laboratory part of Automotive EngineeringResearch Centre, University of Pitesti is an
experimental platform for research electric
propulsion system for the urban automobiles.
The vehicle realized in this project on the
mechanical platform of Dacia Logan is anDACIA ECO
3vehicle:
ECOlogic due to ZEV propulsion system; ECOnomic because is based on the lessexpensive commercially available version of
DACIA Logan;
ECOnomic due to the low price of theelectricity used to charge the on board storagedevices.
The experimental platform ECO EVisdesigned also for developing new ecologicalprojects by implementing other new
equipments: range extender (fuelling by
GPL/NGV), in first step and a fuel cell in thefuture.
The research laboratory with an dynamometric
testing roller benchmark, engine benchmarkand road testing equipments, will allow thedevelopment of future projects regarding the
ecological propulsion of the vehicles and the
extension of the cooperation with otherinterested team, having similar research
objectives.
Acknowledgement
This work was financially supported by RomanianMinistry of Education, Research and Innovation was
performed with the technical help of AutomobileDacia Group Renault, MES-DEA and AVL for
whom we express our gratitude.
References
[1] Perrin, J., Towards the massive
deployment of electric cars,4th
European
Conference on Alternative Energies for
the Automotive Industry. Futuroscope-
Poitier, France, April 2-3, 2008.[2] Marinescu, D., G., An Experimental
Ecological vehicle featuring hybridPropulsion System of Liquefied Petroleum
Gas (LPG)- Electricity type, Grant
CNCSIS A956, financed by Ministry ofEducation and Research, Final report,
2007.[3] Marinescu, D.G., Clenci, A., Tabacu, S.,
A Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle,Third
International Conference on Ecological
Vehicles & Renewable Energies, EVERMonaco 2008, March 27-30.
[4] Marinescu, D.G., Tabacu, I., Serban
F.,Clenci A., Tabacu, S., Serban F, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle E- 4WD type, 4th European Conference on Alternative
Energies for the Automotive Industry.Futuroscope- Poitier, France, April 2-3,
2008.[5] MES-DEA Documentation
[6] AVL Documentation
Figure 9: The DATRON CORREVIT
equipment for measuring the dynamic
performances of the vehicle on the road