Cum Sa Intretii Un Iaz
Transcript of Cum Sa Intretii Un Iaz
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How to maintain and cultivatea garden pond
Water careFood quality
Algae-free biotopesHealthy fish
+extra
tipsfor
theKoi
pond
+extra
tipsfor
theKoi
pond
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1 Advice forregular pond maintenance
1.1 How to improve water
parameters that are unsuitable
for fish and plants ........................ 4
1.2 How to avoid
annoying algae growth............... 4
1.3 How to re-stabilizepolluted water .............................. 5
1.4 For prevention: for a
healthy pond climate................... 5
2 Natural foodfor your pond fish ................... 6
3 What to do when algaestrikes the sera algae checklist............... 10
4 What to do forfish diseases ............................... 14
5 sera water informationHow do water parametersdevelop, and how to test the
water
5.1 What creates hard water? .......... 16
5.2 The development of acidic
and alkaline water ........................ 17
5.3 What if the bacterial breakdown
of pollutants is not effective
anymore? ....................................... 18
sera table of water values .......... 20
6 Filter systems............................. 21
7 Pond maintenancethroughout the seasons
Spring.............................................. 24
Summer .......................................... 27
Autumn........................................... 29
Winter ............................................. 31
8 How to keep Koi ....................... 32
Contents
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sera ensuresbiologically clean pond water
You just enjoy your little paradise
Clear and clean water is crucial for the liv-
ing conditions of animals and plants in andaround a garden pond. Water changes,
sunlight, rain and material that have
dropped into the pond (e.g., leaves) cause
changes in water conditions.
If natural pond regulation is insufficient for
buffering the changes, it will lead to strong
algae growth and harm the plants and fish.
sera has compiled some maintenanceadvice for helping you to enjoy the garden
pond throughout the year and preserve itas an attractive eye-catching element in
your yard.
With the sera range of products, youre
ready for pond care according to naturesrequirements!
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Tap and rain water contain substances
such as chlorine or copper, which are too
aggressive for pond fish. Water hardness
that is too high or too low (see page 16,
please) is also harmful. sera KOI PROTECTand sera pondmorena neutralize pollu-tants and provide optimal, appropriate liv-
ing conditions for fish. If the carbonate
hardness is below 5dKH it should be
increased to between 5 and 10dKH using
sera GH-KH plus to ensure safe bufferingof the pH value.
On page 16 you can find out
how to monitor the carbonatehardness.
Especially in summer, abundant nutrient
availability and strong sunlight make heavyalgae growth a real danger. Proper pond
water maintenance prevents algae forma-
tion. We recommend sera KOI PROTECT andsera crystal for conditioning your pondwater. With its protective colloids and the
Vitamin B Complex, sera KOI PROTECTensures water conditioning according to
the fishes requirements. sera crystalbinds water turbidity which makes it easy
to filter them out. When using sera crystal
please ensure a sufficiently high KH valueas to stabilize the pH value.
Using a sera UVC Pond Clarifier reliably pre-
vents the growth of annoying floatingalgae. Bound algae should regularly be
removed from the filter to prevent unnec-
essary water pollution by decomposition.
Thread and floating algae can be reliably
combated by sera algenstop*. The pondwater should be well aerated during the
treatment as the dying algae consume a
great deal of oxygen.
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Youwillfindmoreinformationonhowtoavoidalgaegrowthinthechapter,Whattodowhenalgaestrikes,(seepage10).
1.1 How to improve water parametersthat are unsuitable for fish and plants
1.2 How to avoid annoying algae growth
1 Advice for regular pond maintenance
*Use biocides safely. Always read the label and product information before use.
*
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1.3 How to re-stabilize polluted water
1.4 For prevention: for a healthy pond climate
Water hygiene is very important. Avoid any
further water pollution. Feed only high
quality food such as sera KOI SPIRULINA.If the pH value is too high, stabilize and
lower it with sera pondmorena and long-term sera biopeat granulate.
The pond surface must be powerfully agi-
tated. This can be achieved with sera foun-tain- and pond filter pumps which are also
ideal for running decorative water foun-tains. You will find more information about
the sera pond filters in the sera guideHow to build a garden pond.
Control the fish stock
in the pond. Your fish
may have multiplied
considerably! Reduce
the stock if the pond
is over populated.
If acute toxic symp-
toms occur, carry out
a major partial water
change immediately.
While doing this, re-move as much sludge as possible. Con-
dition the fresh water with a double dose
of sera KOI PROTECT and sera pondmorena.
Advice for regular pond maintenance 1
The combined application of sera pond-morena and sera biopeat granulate pre-vents formation of unwanted algae and
many fish diseases, and ensures biological-
ly clean water. sera pondmorena is a humicacid concentrate and is therefore immedi-
ately effective. sera biopeat granulatereleases the humic acids slowly into the
water.
These are the advantages of this water care:
clean water
prevention of algae growth
enhanced healthy plant growth, andtherefore inhibited algae growth andbetter oxygen supply
prevention of fish fungal diseases
stabilization of the pH value
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Correctly feeding the fish is a pre-condition for keeping them success-fully. The nutritional requirementsare different, depending on spe-cies and age of the fish. The na-tural feeding habits must also beconsidered when choosing the food. seraprovides a wide range of foods for yourpond fish, including flake food and float-ing pellets for all pond fish as well as spe-cial foods such as the rapidly sinkinggranulates for the popular sturgeons andsterlets.
Food quality plays an important role onwater pollution by fish waste. Poor quality
or badly processed foods are only partly
digested by the fish. This leads to nutrient
deficiencies in the fish and greater water
pollution through its waste.
sera pond fish foods provide a healthy andvaried diet for your pond fish with plenty
of vitamins, minerals, trace elements and
herbs. sera pond fish foods also contain
large amounts of provitamin inositol,which aids digestion and therefore
inhibits additional water pollution.
All our ingredients are preserved through
careful manufacturing processes. Yourfish prove it sera foods taste great!
2 Natural food for your pond fish
sera KOI JUNIOR is a granulated food forfeeding young and growing Koi. This pre-
mium quality food sinks slowly, meeting
the nutritional requirements of young Koi,
who prefer to feed near the bottom. seraKOI JUNIOR is high in wheat germ, plusnatural carotene from the Spirulina algae.
The careful blend of ingredients and vita-
mins add to your Kois splendid colors and
healthy growth.
Feedingadvice:Feedsparinglyseveraltimesa day when p
ossible, buton
lyasmuchasthefishcanconsume within approx.
5minutes.
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Natural food for your pond fish 2
sera KOI SPIRULINAis a specialty granu-
lated food that con-
tains 20% Spirulina.
This helps ensure the
optimal development
of natural colors, clear
color separations, and
excellent condition ofyour magnificent Koi.
sera KOI SPIRULINA is alsorich in easy-to-digest wheat germ, crus-
taceans and herbal oils making it the ideal
choice for spring and autumn feeding.
sera KOI SPIRULINA is also perfect forenhancing brilliance in your valuable
Japanese Koi and fish with extraordi-
narily good inherited traits.
sera KOI COLOR is a nutritious, protein-richstick food for all larger pond fish, especial-
ly Koi. The colorful Koi need powerful
nutrition. sera KOI COLOR was developedto meet the nutritional requirements of
the Koi while naturally enhancing their
vibrant red coloring.
sera KOI ROYAL granulated food is a premi-um staple diet, rich in high-quality wheat
germ. Natural carotene
helps increase the splen-
did colors of the fish.
sera KOI ROYAL is ideal asa staple diet for all Koi
when the water tem-
perature is above 8C(46F).
sera granulated food for Koi isavailable in the following granule sizes:MINI 2 mm (sera KOI ROYAL only)MEDIUM 4 mmLARGE 6 mmThe granule sizeof sera KOI JUNIORis 2 mm
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sera mix royalis a select blend of
flakes, pellets, and gran-
ules for all pond fish. The
pellets and granules are
rich in wheat germ, fish
protein, tasty herbs, ad-ded vitamins, and natural
carotene from Spirulina
algae. Smaller fish can take
advantage of the same valuable nutrition
in our carefully processed flakes, made
from high quality grain products, insects,
and crustaceans.
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2 Natural food for your pond fish
sera biogranulat is a low-in-fat floatinggranulated food, perfect for feeding as
a staple diet to all medium-sized and
large pond fish (6 cm / 2.5 in and up). To
meet the nutritional requirements of
the different pond fish, we recom-
mend feeding sera bio-flakes and sera biogranu-lat simultaneously. Theamount depends on the
stock level in the pond.
Low-in-fat sera bioflakes
provide a complete diet
for all small- and medium-
sized (up to approx. 8 cm
/ 3 in.) fish in your garden
pond.
sera goldy is a high quality, low-in-fat flakefood with natural minerals and added vita-
mins for all goldfish and other pond fish. It
is the ideal choice for helping the fish gain
strength in autumn and
spring or when recover-ing from an illness. In
the latter case, add
drops sera KOI MULTI-VITAMIN onto the foodbefore feeding the
fish.
All your pond fish can
eat our high quality Koi foods but yourKoi need it especially. Goldfish food is notprepared for the Kois special nutritionalrequirements.
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3 What to do when algae strikes the sera algae checklist
Algae belong to the natural food chain inwater. Many small organisms feed onthem, and we should intervene only if thealgae growth becomes overbearing. Here
we have compiled and explained the mostfrequent problems, as well as their causesand treatment methods:
The pond water is an opaque green color for months (algae bloom)
The pond water is heavily burdened and
polluted. Causes for this type of wa-
ter pollution are over-
feeding the fish andnot removing rot-
ting leaves and plant
parts. Remove the
causes and carry out a
partial water change.
Condition the fresh
water with sera KOIPROTECT and sera KOIBIOCLEAR.
We highly recommend using a sera UVCPond Clarifier to combat floating algae.
The sera UVC Pond Clarifier reliablydestroys annoying floating algae (green,
cloudy water) and parasites. This con-
tributes to maintaining clean, healthy
pond water.
Rainwater from the roof has been added
to the pond. Water collected from a roof
surface is heavily saturated with environ-
mental pollution. Use well-water or tap
water.
Topsoil or garden-soil is in the pond.
Nutrient-rich topsoil significantly pro-
motes algae growth. Remove any topsoil
from the pond and replace it with gravel.Also, do not allow the rain to wash topsoil
into the pond. You will find advice on how
to design the pond edges in the sera guideHow to build a garden pond.
filter
UVC
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What to do when algae strikes 3 the sera algae checklist
Do you fertilize the marsh or bog plants
with garden fertilizer, peat, or grass
clippings?
These fertilizers are high in nitrate and
phosphate, which pollute pond water.
Remove them from the pond and
perform a large partial water
change. Condition the fresh water
with sera KOI PROTECT, sera pond-morena, and sera biopeat granu-late. Fertilize your pond withnitrate- and phosphate-free seraflorenette T tablets.
Are you feeding your fish cor-
rectly?
Do not feed if the temperature
drops below 8C (46F). Above this,
young Koi can be fed sera KOI ROYALMINI, while Koi and other large fishcan be fed sera KOI SPIRULINA andsera KOI ROYAL. Small fish can begiven sera goldy. At 12C (54F) and
higher, medium to large Koishould also receive sera KOICOLOR, while young Koi are
given sera KOI JUNIOR. All ourhigh quality foods can be fed to
goldfish and other species dur-
ing the warm season. Select the
appropriate grain size when
choosing. Low-in-fat sera goldyColor and sera goldy Royal areperfect of small and fancy gold-
fish. Feed two or three times aday, but only as much as the fish
can eat in a few minutes. Never
use breadcrumbs or inexpensive
foods. These can lead to nutritional
deficiencies, as well as water pollu-
tion problems.
Are there enough submerged plants in
the pond (e.g., hornwort, waterweed?
Check your plant stock for health.
Submerged plants are nutrient competi-
tors to algae, and they provide oxygen (see
sera guide, How to build a garden pond).Stock the pond with several rapidly grow-
ing submerged plants. Plants are able to
consume nitrate and phosphate only when
they are provided with trace elements, so
use sera florenette T as fertilizer.
Clean water also enhances healthy plant
growth. sera crystal binds water turbidityin the pond making it easier to remove the
particles. Be certain to agitate the water
well to enhance the oxygen supply. Prior
to adding sera crystal, check, by using thesera kH-Test, that the carbonate hardnessis at least 6dKH, although 8dKH is better.
The coagulated particles can be collected
from the surface or drawn through the fil-
ter after they sink. Clean the filter
immediately if it becomes clogged.
fig.: floating algae
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What to do when algae strikes 3 the sera algae checklist
The pond water smells bad
The pond water has turned. Too much
sun irradiation and nutrient oversupply,
such as overfeeding, lead to rapid algae
growth. The algae die and rot as soon as
the nutrients are consumed, withdrawing
oxygen from the water at the same time.
Plants can no longer grow under these
conditions. Carry out a one-third water
change. Repeat this partial water change
in one or two days.
Remove sludge and dead plant parts with
the water change and condition the fresh
water with sera KOI PROTECT and sera bio-peat granulate according to the instruc-tions for use. Add more submerged plants,
such as hornwort. These plants are nutri-
tion-competitors for the algae. You will
find further advice about planting in the
sera guide How to build a garden pond.
*Use biocides safely. Always read the label and product information before use.
*
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Spring virus (spring virosis) and the similar
looking Erythrodermatitisare promoted by
rapidly changing environmental condi-tions (varying water quality or tempera-
ture). Affliction is the worst in overstocked
and/or heavily polluted ponds. Feeding
poor quality food, or food from open or
translucent containers, weakens the
fishes resistance to disease and can
promote a disease breakout.
We recommend using sera cyprino-pur, according to directions, to pre-
vent spring virus (spring virosis).Feed your fish sera KOI SPIRULINA,sera KOI ROYAL and sera goldyearly in spring at water tempera-
tures of 8C (46F) and up.
For additional vitamins, we rec-
ommend adding a few drops of
sera KOI MULTIVITAMIN to the food afew minutes before feeding. Or offer
sera activant tablet to supportstrength and vitality in your fish.
In cases of an acute disease outbreak the
fish should be fed sera KOI BAKTO TABSaccording to the instructions for
use. Its highly active agent is
taken up through the digestive
tract and is active from the
inside, directly at the loca-
tion of the infection. For
overstocked ponds, install
additional sera pond filters
and reduce the stock to anappropriate level.
4 What to do for fish diseases
The fish has bleeding sores and ulcers, bloated belly and isnot swimming properly(sometimes, not all symptoms are visible)
If the pond water is checked regularly andcarefully maintained, fish diseases rarelyoccur. If your fish should become ill, serawater treatments can safely and reliably
help. Here we have compiled a few com-mon pond fish diseases with their symp-toms and suggested corrective measures.
Small parasitic crustaceans (commonlyknown as fish lice) are the cause.
Using sera cyprinopur will remove para-sites from the fish. Follow directions for
use.
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The fish are affected with almost round shape, jelly-like parasitesof approx. 5 mm (0.2 in.) in diameter or they have bleeding sting marks
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What to do for fish diseases 4
You will find further information on treating fish diseases in the seraguide How to keep your ornamental fish healthy.
The fish are infested by parasites(small white spots or skin slime)
The fish breathe heavily withopen gill lids and scrub themselves
These parasites are secondary para-
sites, i.e., ones that can be found in
almost every pond; however, they
are not able to harm healthy fish.
The secondary parasites can only
multiply if an animal is infected
by another disease or is under
stress. White spots also often
develop after stress caused by
catching, transporting or anew surrounding. Other caus-
es are, for example, an infu-
sion of large amounts of
fresh water (especially in the
case of well and rain water), considerably
decreasing water quality, and unbalanced
or low-in-vitamins nutrition. sera omnisanreliably interrupts all parasitic activities
within a few days.
These symptoms are typical for
skin and gill flukes. Add seraectopur according to instruc-tions for use. If the fish are not
better after three days, use seraomnipur for additional support.
The water quality is good, the fish do not
scrub themselves and have no detectable
disease. In this case an internal disease
caused by virus or bacteria is pos-
sible. Fish that have stoppedeating are a distinct sign of this
disorder. Often they rest apa-
thetically in the water or even
lie on their side. Only rarely are
all the fish affected right away. In
most cases the disease will relate
to one particular fish species.
They are infectious. Treat with
sera KOI BAKTO TABS as soon as
possible.
gill fluke
(microscopic
photo)
Howto keep yourornamental fishhealthy
includinga
n
extensive
diagnosis
chart
RecognizingDiseases
Identifyingcauses
andeliminating them
ScientificConsultant:DieterUntergasser
Howto keep yourornamental fishhealthy
Treatment andrecovery of yourornamental fish
preventionand cure
Treatment andrecovery of yourornamental fish
preventionand cure
The fish behave strangely
Especially in garden ponds it is often diffi-
cult to recognize fish diseases. seraomnipur makes treating most commonornamental pond fish diseases possible.
The composition of sera omnipur isdesigned to target specific parasites ingarden ponds. Besides treating para-
sitic diseases, gill, and skin flukes
(Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus), seraomnipur is also highly effective attreating bacterial infections such as
fin rot. Furthermore, sera omnipurcombats fungus (Saprolegnia, Ach-
lya) and accelerates the healing of
external injuries and wounds.
Diagnosis problems
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5 sera water information
rain
mineral-richsoil
ground water
high total hardness
high carbonate hardness
How do water parameters develop, and how to test the water
We recommend checking the pond water
regularly to prevent water parameters
from reaching critical limits. Maintaining
healthy water conditions inhibits the likeli-
hood of algae and fish diseases develop-
ing. Testing the water with sera test kits is
simple to perform, even by the novice. The
highly accurate monitoring tests are based
on either counting reagent drops until a
color change occurs or comparing the
sample to a color chart for measurement.
Total hardness (GH)
The total number of seragH-Test reagent drops con-
sumed when the color
changes from red to green
provides the total hard-
ness (in dGH) value.
Carbonate hardness (KH)
The total number of sera kH-Test reagent drops con-
sumed when the color
changes from blue to yellow
provides the carbonate
hardness (in dKH) value.
5.1 What creates hard water?
If rain water seeps into limestone or mineral-rich layerof soil, it dissolves:
calcium carbonate+ magnesium and + hydrogen carbonate
= total hardness (GH) = carbonate hardness (KH)
The optimum values for keeping
pond fish are between
6 16dGH and
5 10dKH.
Measuring the water hardness and other water parameters is easy:
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sera water information 5
rain
peat-contain-ing soil
groundwater
rain
lime-contain-ing soil
groundwater
pH 5weaklyacidic
pH valuedecreases
pH 3acidic
pH 5weaklyacidic
pH valueincreases
pH 9weaklyalkaline
5.2 The development of acidic and alkaline water
The acidity or alkalinity of water is express-
ed by the pH value. The more acidic the
water, the lower the pH value. On the other
hand, an increase of alkalinity in the water
raises the pH value. The pH ranges from
0 (strongly acidic) to 14 (strongly alkaline).
Neutral water has a pH value of 7.0.
The pH value of tap water is adjusted by
your waterworks department while
preparing your drinking water. Tap water
normally has a weak alkalinity pH value (7.5
8.5). Acidic water would damage the
water pipes.
Rainwater is usually acidic, with a pH value
below 5.0. Often it shows a pH value of 3.5,
which is extremely acidic. If the rainwater
seeps through peat-containing soil, it dis-
solves humic acids as well as the acids that
are already present. Well water from this
area would clearly be acidic.
In contrast, when rainwater seeps through
heavy limestone soil, the acids are bound,
after this the water becomes hard and
alkaline.
Extreme pH values, too acidic or too alka-
line, are detrimental to fish and plants. A
pH value between 7.0 and 7.5 is optimal.
Bear in mind that even in rural areas, largeamounts of acidic water with a pH value
as low as 3.5 can get into the pond with-
in 15 minutes after a heavy rainfall. To pro-
tect fish from the harmful effects of acid
rain, condition the water with sera KOIPROTECT and sera pH-plus, if necessary.Remember too, to check the carbonate
hardness regularly and increase if neces-
sary.
The following sections are mainly relevant to pond owners
who use ground water from their well.
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5 sera water information
How to easily monitor the pH value:
Fill 5 ml of pond water into the sera meas-urement vial. Add 4 drops of the
sera pH-Test reagent and com-pare the color of the solution to
the color chart enclosed with
the kit.
You can get quicker and more precise
results by using the electronic sera pH
meter. We also advise checking theammonium/ammonia level with the seraammonium/ammonia-Test kit if the pHis above 7.
First, check the carbonate hardness
with the sera kH-Test. Carbonatehardness is the influence of pH sta-
bility in the water. If necessary, use
sera GH-KH plus to increase itslevel between 5 and 10dKH.
Second, use sera pondmorenaand sera biopeat granulateto achieve a stable low pH
condition. For a stronger
change use sera pH-plus toincrease the pH value or
sera pH-minus to decreaseit.
How to adjust the pH value correctly:
Bacteria break down fish excrements and
other waste products in the pond. If the
action is disturbed, harmful substances
accumulate in the water. Ammonia and
nitrite are very toxic to fish. Nitrate pro-
motes the growth of unwanted algae.
The level of free, toxic ammonia is calculat-
ed from the measured ammonium/am-
monia concentration and its pH value. Forthis purpose, an appropriate chart is
included with the sera ammonium/am-monia-Test. A free ammonia concentra-
tion of over 0.2 mg/l (ppm) is dangerous to
fish. An immediate partial water change is
necessary.
The sera nitrite-Test shows if thewater quality is good, critical, or
harmful. Nitrite levels over 0.5 mg/l
(ppm) require an immediate partial
water change. If the
nitrite concentration iseven higher, there is acute
danger for the fish.
5.3 What if the bacterial breakdown of pollutants is not effective anymore?
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sera water information 5
The sera nitrate-Test informsyou of the nitrate level in your
pond water. Nitrate concen-
trations over 50 mg/l (ppm)
are harmful to fish, especially
juveniles, and additionally
promote algae growth.
The sera phosphate-Test allows youto detect the phosphate level
of the pond water. Phosphate
concentrations above 1 mg/l
(ppm) strongly promote algae
growth.
It takes only a few minutes
to check if the oxygen level
is too low for your fish, when
you use the sera oxygen-Test.Oxygen levels should always
be at least 4 mg/l (ppm) O2.
sera oxypur is a fast andlong-term solution to rais-
ing the oxygen level whennecessary. We recommend
a general increase in water
circulation to improve oxygen
assimilation from the air.
The sera aqua-test setcontains a practical combination of gH,
kH, pH and nitrite (NO2) tests.
Protein substances, such as food left-overs, and fish excrement feed the
bacteria and are broken down. By this
action, depending on the pH value,
either harmless ammoni-
um or toxic ammonia
is formed. Ammo-
nium is formed
when pH value is
below 7.0. Stronger
ammonia occurs as
pH values rise.
Nitrosomonasbacteria process
ammonium/ammoniaand oxygen to nitrite.
Nitrobacter bacteriaprocess nitrite andoxygen to nitrate.
Well-balanced planting
of submerged and bog
plants keeps nitrate
and phosphate levels
down. Fast growing
species such as horn-
wort (Ceratophyllum
demersum) are best.
How the nitrogencycle works:
excrements
protein
disintegration
urine
urea
ammonium/ammoniaNH4/NH3
nitrite NO2
nitrate NO3
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date
w
eather
time
temperature
water
temperature
air
KH
GH
pH
conduc-
tivity
O2
NH4/
NH3
NO2
NO3
PO4
seratableofwater
values
Regularcontrolb
ecomesmucheasierwhenthemeasuredresultsarerecordedin
atable.Anexamp
lelookslikethis:
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Filter systems 6
You may combine different sera pond fil-ters, water pumps and UVC Pond Clarifiersaccording to the size of your pond.The sera Bio Pond Filters purify the waterbiomechanically and biologically in a sev-eral step system.
The filter media is already included withthe pond filters. To increase filter perform-ance, we recommend using sera siporaxpond (white rings) as shown in the filterpictures. sera pond filter connection noz-zles steplessly fit all hose diameters.
sera pond filter systems according to the construction kit principle
serafilter sponge
serabiofibres
serabiopur
Cross sectional drawingof the filter tub
The sera pond filter W 1500 is suitable forgarden ponds up to 10,000 liters (2,650 gal.)
or larger if the water is very clean. It con-
tains: Filter sponge, sera biofibres and sera
biopur. The large filter tub provides plentyof settling space for bacteria that break
down waste products, so the water is
cleaned both mechanically and biologically.
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The sera 3 chamber biofilter is suitable for
particularly large garden ponds and Koiponds from 10,000 liters (2,650 gal.) to maxi-
mum 15,000 liters (3,960 gal.). You can
remove dirt and deposited sludge without
removing the filter media. The sera 3 cham-
ber biofilter contains: honeycomb struc-
tured plastic material, filter mat and lavarocks. You can increase filter performance by
additionally using sera siporax pond in the
third chamber (white rings in the picture).
UVC
3 chamberbiofilter
22
6 Filter systems
filter
UVC
The sera Bio Pond Filters are available in3 sizes for garden ponds holding up to
5,000, 8,000 or 10,000 liters (1,320, 2,110 or
2,650 gal.) of water. The sera Bio Pond
Filters contain: Filter mat, bio-rings, inlet,outlet and overflow tubes. You can
increase filter performance by using serasiporax pond (white tubes in the picture).
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Filter systems 6
Unwanted floating algae (cloudy, green
water) and disease-causing bacteria are
destroyed by UVC irradiation. In combina-
tion with the sera pond filters, algaeand bacteria are then easy to remove.
sera UVC Pond Clarifiers are availablein several sizes depending on the vol-
ume of your garden pond.
Power packs for the garden pond:The sera Pressure Filter and UV SystemThe sera Pressure Filters T and seraPressure Filters T + UV System have espe-
cially high filter volumes of 11, 25, 40 or50 liters (2.9, 6.6, 10.5, or 13.2 gal.). Although
they are suitable for ponds up to
12,000 liters (3,170 gal.) they can easily be
buried to avoid obstructing your view.
Access for filter maintenance and cleaning
remains simple, even if it is buried. The seraPressure Filters T and sera Pressure Filters T+ UV System consist of heavy-duty ABS-plas-tic and are equipped with connectors for all
common hose diameters.
Two new UV pond clarifiers, the sera UVSystems 11 W and 24 W, guaranteelong-term clean pond water. They are
weatherproof and can be buried, prohibit-
ing the technical equipment from disturb-ing the natural beauty of the pond. Both
models tolerate pressure up to 0.4 bar
(e.g., 4 m / 13 ft. waterfall height). This
allows use of the outlet water for addition-
al filters, spouts, fountains, or brooks.
Norms: TV GS IPX6 CE
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SpringPond maintenance begins with the firstwarm sunbeams. In spring (April, May) thepond needs special attention. To ensureyou will always enjoy clean water and
healthy fish, we would like to share someadvice for pond care in spring.
Water test:
Check the water quality with the seratests. You will find further advice in the
chapter sera water information (seepage 16).
Feeding:When the water temperature is
constantly above 8C (46F), feed
the fish with easy-to-digest food
(sera KOI SPIRULINA and sera KOIROYAL for adult Koi and otherlarge pond fish, sera KOI JUNIOR
for young Koi, sera SturgeonGranules for sterlets and sera goldyfor smaller pond fish). Enhance
their vitamin supply and ener-
gy with sera KOI MULTIVITA-
MIN and sera activant. You
will find more valuable tips on feed-
ing in the chapter, Natural food for
your pond fish, (see page 6).
March
7 Pond maintenance throughout the seasons
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Pond maintenance throughout the seasons 7
Preventing and combating fish disease:Essential to your spring routine is a pre-
ventive treatment against spring virus
(spring virosis). To accomplish this,
add a full dose sera cyprinopurdirectly into the water according
to the instructions for use.
Repeat this preventive measure
three more times. Simultane-
ously, supplement the food with
vitamins daily for one week.
Simply add 3 drops of sera KOIMULTIVITAMIN onto the food andallow it to soak in the refrigerator
for 10 minutes before feeding. Ifyour fish already show disease
symptoms, read, What to do for fish
diseases, (see page 14). Treatment for this
must start before any other pond mainte-
nance!
Spring cleaning and water care(Perform only when the watertemperature is above 12C / 54F):Remove leaves, dead plant parts
and sludge and change about
one third of the water.Exercise extreme care as
you work, as the fish hardly
move at this time and can
be easily injured. Condition
the fresh water according to
the fishes requirements
with a double dose of seraKOI PROTECT and sera pond-morena (depending on thetotal water amount).
Prevention of algae:By using sera KOI PROTECT, serapondmorena and sera biopeatgranulate, you help provide bio-logically clean water and prevent
the growth of annoying algae before it has
a chance to take hold. Further information
is described in the chapter, What to dowhen algae strikes, (see page 10).
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Plant fertilization:sera florenette T and sera pondflorena provide your pond plantswith all important nutrients for
healthy growth and colorful flow-
ers. Please refer to the instructions
for use to find out how much and
how often your pond plants
should be fertilized.
Total and carbonate hardness:Water hardness fulfils a very
important task in the garden
pond because it stabilizes the
pH value. In ponds, total hard-
ness should be between 6 and16dH and carbonate hardness
between 5 and 10dH. The pH
value will fluctuate if the hard-
ness is lower, leading to consider-
able stress for the fish. Monitor
the hardness regularly using the
sera gH-Test and sera kH-Test.Increase carbonate hardness with
sera GH-KH plus.
Oxygen:Clean the pond filter. If the sera pond filter
is regularly overtaxed (flow rate
goes down frequently), or if the
oxygen level is below 4 mg/l
(ppm), as monitored with the
sera oxygen-Test, we recom-mend increasing the filter size.
You will find more information on
this topic in the sera guide, Howto build a garden pond. The oxy-gen level can be raised by using
sera oxypur in acute cases.
Water test: see March
Water maintenance:After heavy rainfalls, add a supplementary
dose of sera KOI PROTECT according to theinstructions for use. Carry out a partial
water change if the pond is small or over-
stocked.
Plant fertilization: see March
Total and carbonate hardness: see March
Regular feeding:with sera KOI SPIRULINA, sera KOI ROYAL,sera KOI JUNIOR or sera goldy
Water test: see March
Water maintenance: see April
Plant fertilization: see March
Total and carbonate hardness: see March
Cleaning:Remove all decayed plant parts and leaves.
Feeding:Young Koi and sterlets are fed with seraKOI JUNIOR, adult Koi with sera KOI SPI-RULINA, sera KOI ROYAL and sera KOICOLOR. Other pond fish should be fed serabioflakes, sera biogranulat and sera mixroyal. Goldfish are fed sera goldy, seragoldy Color and sera goldy Royal. Pleaseadhere to the feeding information on the
labels.
You will find additional advice in the chap-
ter Natural food for your pond fish, (see
page 6).
April
7 Pond maintenance throughout the seasons
May
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SummerIn the summer, all life in and around thegarden pond grows and thrives. Due tostrong sunlight and high nutrient supply,algae may multiply rapidly. We recom-mend testing the pond water regularly.
Water test:Because of the quantity and variety of ani-
mals and plants living in your pond, the
water parameters change rapidly. The
chapter, sera water information, (seepage 16), explains how easy it is to carry
out our sera water tests, and how thishelps life under water.
Water maintenance: see April
Prevention of algae:To prevent algae, condition the water
with sera pondmorena. The light
spectrum required will be takenaway from the algae by the light fil-
tering effect. For supporting sera pond-morena we recommend adding sera bio-peat granulate with its long-term effect.
For the acute control of algae we recom-
mend sera algenstop*. Please payattention to the information for use.
You will find further information in
the chapter What to do when
algae strikes (see page 10).
Total and carbonate hardness:Carbonate hardness is broken
down when algae is growing
heavily, but also by the plants
because of their high carbon
dioxide requirements (known as
biogenic decalcification).
Plant fertilization: see March
Cleaning: see May
Feeding: see May
Pond maintenance throughout the seasons 7
June
*Use biocides safely. Always read the label and product information before use.
*
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July
Water test: see March
Prevention of algae: see June
Total and carbonate hardness: see March
Plant fertilization: see March
Plant maintenance:Prune heavily growing plants to provide
sufficient space for other plants. Do not letfloating leaf plants cover the entire pond,
restrict them to a certain area. Remove
decayed plant parts and leaves.
Feeding: see MayIf the water temperature becomes very
high, feed sparingly with sera bioflakes or
sera biogranulat. These foods are especial-ly easy for the fish to digest.
Water maintenance:Replenish evaporated water regularly.
Condition the fresh water with sera KOIPROTECT. Follow the instructions for use.Small or overstocked ponds require a par-
tial water change.
Cleaning of the pond filter:
The filter needs cleaning when its flowrate decreases considerably. After clean-
ing, reactivate the filter biologically with
sera KOI BIOCLEAR.
7 Pond maintenance throughout the seasons
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Autumn
To maintain healthy pond fish and plantsduring the winter months, you mustbegin preparation in autumn.
Be alert for fish diseases:Observe your ornamental fish regularly
and carefully. If you suspect a disease,
refer to the chapter What to do for fish
diseases (see page 14), where the symp-
toms and treatment of common fish dis-
eases are explained.
All maintenance procedures described forthe month of July also apply for August.
All maintenance procedures described forthe month of July also apply for Septem-ber.
Feeding:Start feeding sera KOI SPIRULINA, sera KOIROYAL or sera goldy, plus vitamin supple-ments as additional preparation for winter.
Drip sera KOI MULTIVITAMIN onto the foodand allow it to soak in the refrigerator for
10 minutes. Repeat this supplementationonce or twice weekly. This ensures your
fish can gather enough strength to survive
the long winter period.
Pond maintenance throughout the seasons 7
August
September
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October
November
Plant maintenance:On a bright sunny day, carefully remove
leaves, decayed plant parts and sludge.
Prune the height of the reed mace and
other tube-like stalk plants to just above
the water surface. By doing this, the plants
co-assist with the gas exchange that helps
support the oxygen supply to the hiber-
nating animals.
Water change:Carry out a larger water change (about 2/3
of the pond contents) and siphon-off
dead leaves and sludge with a pond va-
cuum cleaner. Condition the fresh
water with a single to one-and-a-
half-fold dose of sera KOI PROTECTand sera pondmorena.
Feeding and vitamin sup-plementation:This helps the fish strength-
en and prepare for winter,
feed the same as in March as
long as the water tempera-ture is above 8C (46F).
Preparing hibernation:(1): If the fish hibernate in the pond, the
sera pond filters or fountain and pond fil-ter pumps prevent freezing over com-
pletely when combined with a device that
keeps a part of the surface ice-free. The
sketch on page 31 shows you how to install
the pond filter. Do not break the ice under
any circumstances!
(2): We recommend letting the fish hiber-nate in an aquarium, as large as possible, if
the pond is less than 1 meter (3.3 ft.) deep.
In this case, the aquarium water tempera-ture should be between 14 to 18C (57
64F), but no higher. You will find further
information on optimal pond depth in the
sera guide How to build a garden pond.
Water maintenance:It is important to condition the water,
with sera KOI PROTECT, especially if fishhibernate in the pond. Also, see April.
7 Pond maintenance throughout the seasons
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WinterThe pond rests in winter, letting naturerecover in its long hibernation. Fish andother inhabitants in the pond can easilyendure the winter only if it is well-pre-pared during autumn, and the pond isdeeper than 1 meter (3.3 ft.).
December, January, February
The water movement keeps apart of the pond ice-free
sera pond filter(place in a depth between 40
and 50 cm / 16 and 20 in.)
pond liner
Hibernation:The only maintenance needed in winter is
to ensure a portion of the water surface
remains free from ice, by using either thesera pond filter W 1500 or a filter pump.Adjust the outlet nozzle directly below the
water surface. The surface area around it
remains in motion and ice-free, and the
pond is supplied with oxygen. Do not
break the ice under any circumstances!
The fish can be badly injured by the sonic
waves. In any case they will be frightened
towards the colder upper water layers and
consume more oxygen.
Under no circumstances should you placethe pond filter or the pump on the pond
bottom or in deep zones. The warmer
water near the pond bot-
tom will mix with the
colder water from the
rest of the pond, and the
fish will be unable to
hibernate further. The
optimal setup of pond
zones is explained in
the sera guide How tobuild a garden pond.
Pond maintenance throughout the seasons 7
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Koi are often referredto as, Kings of thegarden pond. Anyonewho deals intensivelywith these magnificent,tame ornamental fishwill soon understandthe enthusiasm of Koikeepers.
With good care, Koi can
grow very large (ap-
prox. 1 m / 3.3 ft.) and
they live for a long time,
more than 70 years.Apart from the pond
size, conditions for Koi
are these:
choose high quality and well-balancedfoods
ensure optimal water quality be consistent with disease prevention
through careful water maintenance
and observation of your fish providing optimal hibernation condi-tions
32
8 How to keep Koi
In the
sera guide Howto build a garden
pond you will
find tips for build-
ing and decorat-
ing a Koi pond.
The temperature
Compared to the original form of the carp,
Koi need slightly warmer water to keep
active and lively.
Water temperatures between 18 and 25C
(64 and 77F) are best. Many Koi ponds are
heated to maintain a water temperature
of about 20C (68F), year-round.
Of course, Koi can also be kept in ponds
that are not heated. In this case, the fish
hibernate at the bottom of the pond from
late autumn until spring.
As soon as the water temperature in
spring is above 8C (46F), start feeding
regularly.
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How to keep Koi 8
After the long winter rest the Koi are still
weak and must be fed energy-rich and
easy-to-digest food. sera KOI SPIRULINAand sera KOI ROYAL are ideal for this pur-pose. Young Koi should be fed sera KOIJUNIOR or sera KOI ROYAL MINI. sera KOIMULTIVITAMIN can be dripped onto thefood as an additional vitamin supply.
When water temperatures rise during the
spring, we recommend alternating seraKOI SPIRULINA, sera KOI ROYAL and sera KOICOLOR when feeding.
Feed sparingly, only as much as the fish
can eat within in few minutes, but several
times a day.
In warm summers, when the water tem-
perature exceeds 25C (77F), it is best to
feed very sparingly, several times a day.sera KOI ROYAL and sera KOI COLOR areideal for this.
When the water temperature drops in
autumn, it is time to prepare the fish for
hibernation. By feeding sera KOI SPIRULINAand sera KOI ROYAL, as well as by addingsera KOI MULTIVITAMIN, you will help yourKoi to form enough reserve for the long
winter.
When the water
temperature drops
below 8C (46F),
stop feeding, even if
the Koi still eat. With
these low tempera-
tures the food is no
longer digested. It
remains in the intes-
tines, and it can
harm the fish. Inheated ponds, the
fish must of course
be fed throughout
the year.
Feeding
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8 How to keep Koi
Oxygen
Disease prevention
The carbonate hardness
A carbonate hardness of 5 10dKH is ideal
for Koi, just as it is for other pond fish. This
ensures sufficient pH value stabilization,
and your ornamental fish have constant
conditions. You can find further informa-
tion about monitoring and increasing the
carbonate hardness in the chapter, serawater information, (see page 16).
Koi require more oxygen than other pond-
fish, for example, goldfish: therefore it is
important to especially consider these
aspects for Koi ponds:
The pond should be designed in such a
way that no leaves or conifer needles
can fall in, if possible. Rotting plant parts
consume a large quantity of oxygen,
which is then not available for the fish.
At higher temperatures the oxygen con-tent in the water is lower than in cooler
water. At the same time the Koi need
more oxygen for their digestion.
Never overstock the pond with Koi.
Introduce only a few fish at a time and
always consider the final size of an adult
Koi.
Feed sparingly. Uneaten food pollutesthe water and promotes algae growth.
We recommend regularly checking the
oxygen level with the sera oxygen-Test todetect potential problems before they
happen. sera oxypur can be used as animmediate measure for oxygen shortage.
To correct the problem, watch for and alle-
viate any of the causes we have listed
above.
Koi should regularly be checked as a dis-
ease prevention measure. Besides visual
signs (e.g., injuries, bloated belly, protrud-ing scales, bloodshot wounds or ulcers,
white spots, or parasites), every change of
behavior (e.g., the unusual passiveness of
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How to keep Koi 8
a generally assertive fish), is a clear warn-
ing. Observe during feeding time because
the fish come to the water surface and are
more readily visible.
Further investigations, such as a skin swab,
should only be done when you are clearly
suspicious of a disease! We discourage you
from performing a routine skin swab, as
is sometimes recommended. It causes
unnecessary stress on the fish and great
danger of skin injury while catching it.
You will find further information about fish
diseases in the sera guide How to keepyour ornamental fish healthy.
food and care
products