Consolidare Structuri Cadre Beton Armat

8/12/2019 Consolidare Structuri Cadre Beton Armat

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0792003

2013


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1. OBIECT SI DOMENIU DE APLICARE

2. CERINE DE PERFORMAN I CRITERII DE NDEPLINIRE PENTRUREPARAREA I CONSOLIDAREA STRUCTURILOR N CADRE, CU PEREI

DE BETON TURNAI IN SITU3. CAUZE PRIMARE, TIPURI DE AVARIERE I STRI DE DEGRADARE

4. EVALUAREA STRUCTURALA A CONSTRUCTIEI EXISTENTE

4.1 T a ca aaa ca

4.2 C aa aaa ca caa

4.3 M cac aa ca

4.4 M a aa ca caa

5. CONINUT CADRU AL RAPORTULUI DE EVALUARE N VEDEREAINTERVENIEI STRUCTURALE

6. TIPURI DE INTERVENII STRUCTURALE (SUBSTRUCTUR/SUPRASTRUCTUR, LA NIVEL LOCAL/GLOBAL ETC.) ODAT STABILIT

NECESITATEA ACESTORA (REPARAIE, CONSOLIDARE)

7. MATERIALE, PRODUSE DE CONSTRUCII I TEHNOLOGII DE EXECUIERECOMANDATE PENTRU INTERVENIA STRUCTURAL, INCLUSIV LA

NIVEL DE FUNDAII

8. MSURI CONSTRUCTIVE DE INTERVENIE STRUCTURAL, CONDIII DEEXECUIE I CONTROL

9. ETAPE DE REALIZARE A LUCRRILOR DE REPARAII I CONSOLIDARE

10.DIMENSIONAREA I VERIFICAREA PRIN CALCUL A ELEMENTELORSTRUCTURALE I A STRUCTURII N ANSAMBLU

11.ASPECTE PRIVIND OBIECTIVELE DE PERFORMAN ALESTRUCTURILOR N CADRE DIN BETON ARMAT DUP INTERVENIASTRUCTURAL I DURABILITATEA SOLUIILOR DE CONSOLIDARE

12.METODE DE EVALUARE PRIN CALCUL A STRUCTURILOR N CADRENAINTE I DUP CONSOLIDARE

13.ASPECTE PRIVIND URMRIREA COMPORTRII N TIMP ASTRUCTURILOR N CADRE DIN BETON ARMAT DUP CONSOLIDARE

Aa A (a) EXEMPLU DE PROIECTARE DE CONSOLIDARE


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1.

1.1 T

ca , a c a ca, a

Aa F a c P 1003: : aca a a c a cc (a aaab ) c b caac ca , ,caaca a, a a a, ca a a;

: aca a a c aa a aaa cc cc a b aca , a /a ca, c c aa;

: aca a a c a cc a ca c cbaac a a a ca;

/ : cc ca c ca,

aa a;: aca a a cc aa a aa aca a c ca aa ca a aa.

: aaa ca b caa a ca ca c a a c a a c ab

c c.

1.2 Cc ca c c, aa a 1977, c b , , a ab c a caaca a. S a c , aa, a caac a c c , cac a aaa ca a baa ca ca. M ca aa caa, a a c a, a

a a a, a aca ca c, a aa ca a cac . La aca aaaa ca ab caa, a ca.

1.3 U a a c ca a cc c Bc aaca c, a ca c 1977, a aa a, aa aa a (T = 1,41,6 ) a ba c c.

1.4 Ta aca a c ca a a c c ca ca baa c ca, a /a caab a a aa. Ua c Aa F P 1003 caa ca ca ca b aa.

1.5 P , aba baa c P 1003 a c P 1001 a aca, a cac ccca c ca c ca ca baa a . P aa , ca,ca c, ca c aca cc aa/aa c , c a ca c (caa/a aa c, caa, c /a aa c).


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1.6 Sb

aa c aa a b;

aa a a c a ;

a ;

aaa ca a c;

a a ca a caab a ca

, c ca , caa c ca aac c;

c a a ca a caab a ca , c ca , ca c ca aac c;

, aaa a ca a a cac a aca ac;

, aaa ca a caab a caa ;

, aaa ca a caab a caa ;

aaa ca a aa; aaa ca a a ;

' a a a cac c cbaa c ca;

aaa ca a a ;

, a a a aca ac, c aca a ca ;

, a a aca ac c acaa a ca ;

aaa ca a a ;

a a a aa a;

a c aa a ;

a ;

a c () a c ;

a ba a;

a ;

aaa ca a a c a b;

aaa a a a b;

aaa caacc a c a ;

aaa ca a a c a ;

aaa ca a a c a a aa;

a c aa a ;

ac ca;

aa a aa;

aa ca;


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1.7 R a

1.7.1 Saa :

SR EN 1990:2004 Ec: Ba c c.

SR EN 1990:2004/NA:2006 Ec: Ba c c. Aa Naa.

SR EN 199111:2004 Ec 1: Ac aa c. Paa 11: Ac a.G cc, , cc c.

SR EN 199111:2004/NA:2006 Ec 1: Ac aa c. Paa 11: Aca. G cc, , cc c. Aa Naa.

SR EN 199211:2004 Ec 2: Pcaa c b. Paa 11: Ra c.

SR EN 199211:2004/NB:2008 Ec 2: Pcaa c b. Paa 11:R a c. Aa Naa.

SR EN 19971:2004 Ec 7: Pcaa c. Paa 1: R a.

SR EN 19971:2004/NB:2008 Ec 7: Pcaa c. Paa 1: R

a. Aa Naa.SR EN 19985:2004 Ec 8: Pcaa c a c.

Paa 5: Fa, c ac c.

SR EN 19985:2004/NA:2007 Ec 8: Pcaa c a ac. Paa 5: Fa, c ac c. Aa Naa.

SR EN 1971:2002/A3:2007 C. Paa 1: C, cca c ca a c a.

SR EN 12620:2002+A1:2008 Aa b.

SR EN 2061:2002/A2:2005 B. Paa 1: Scca, a, c ca.

STAS 10107/01990 Cac aca b, b aa bca.

SR EN 199241/AC 2011 Pcaa b. Paa 41:Ga.

SR EN 199244/AC2011 Pcaa b.Paa 44:Aca aa C a cac.

SR EN 199245/AC2011 Pcaa b. Paa 45:

Aca aa C a cc.

1.7.2 Ac a

Ac a ca ab aa c/bcaa:

C ca. Ba c cc, ca CR 0/2012.O a . 1530/2012, bca MOca a R, Paa I b, .647/11 b 2012, c c a.


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, ,

)

C ca c. Paa I P ca c, ca P1001/2006. O a aa bc, .

1.711/2006, bca M Oca a R Paa I .803 .803 b 25b 2006, c c c a.

Scca c a ca a: c c a, ca ST 0092011. O a . 683/2012, bca M Oca, Paa I, . 337 18 a 2012.

C ca c. Paa a IIIa. P aaa c a c, ca P 1003/2008. O a c.704/2009 bca M Oca a R, Paa I .674 .674 b 1cb 2009, c c a.

C ca a cc c ca b aa, ca CR 211.1/2013. O a aa bc . 2361/2013,bca M Oca a R.

C ca a cc c ca b aa, ca CR 211.1/2005. Pbca M Oca a R, Paa I .172 b 22 ba2006.

Na ca caa c b, b aa bca Paa 1: Pca b, ca NE 012/12007. O c bc c .577/2008 29 a 2008,

bca M Oca a R, Paa I . 374 16 a 2008

Na ca caa c b, b aa bca Paa 2: Ecaa c b, ca NE 012/22010.O a . 853/2010 22 b 2010,Pbca M Oca, Paa I .853 20 cb 2010.

Na caa a aa, ca NP 1122012.

N:1) C a aa bc . 2465/2013,bca M Oca a R, Paa I, . 558 . 558 b 3 b 2013, ac 3, aaa c a c ac ca aa c P 1001/2006.

2. ,

2.1. Sc ca ca a c b aa b aac, ac c cca ca c ab P 1001 c ba a a c: ca ca .


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2.2 a c ba ca c a ca : (ULS) ( SLS).

2.3. Ca ba aca, c a aac, c c a a c IMR = 100 a

caa aaa cc a c a aca c c c c ba a a ca, aa ca. , c, cca b a aa cc ab, a.

2.3.1 ca cc c a b /a ac c a ca a aa aa a bc a c c ba, aca c caaca a a IMR.D , cc a b, c c a a a ca ac a a a a c. a

ca a c a a c c c a c 475 a.

2.3.2 D c acc, ac c c a ac acc P 1001 aa (ULS) acc ca c, c a cac aa. La caa

ac c ca c c a (c c P 1003). E c ca a c a , a c c ca c c a c a.2.3.3 Caacaa a baa aab cc a a . P c c a a a ac c a cc a aaa, a a c a caacc a a ac c a cc a a aa.

2.4. Ca ba aca, c a aa c, c c c a c IMR = 30 a a

, ca, ca a ac c c c a a, c aa ca ca ca aa c ca, b, a c aa ca ( , c, c,c c.). aca , c a aca b a a a c c c aab.

2.4.1 ac ca, ca ca, a aa c c a c a a ca c 30 a.

2.4.2 D c acc, ac bc a c a ac ac c P 1001 aa c (SLS) a ac c a c c aa (ULS).

2.4.3 Vc a aa c c a

a , a ac, ca cac a.

2.4.4 P a b a aa , cc ca I II a a c, ac aaa ca a acca, , c aaa ac a=1,4, c =1,2.

2.5 c caa a a c, aa a aa, ca cc c aa aa a ac c c ca a caa cc , ca c c a c c P 1001. N aa


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c ca cc ca, c c ca b b c aba c, ca P 1003.

2.6. aa bc a a aca c, aaa c a a aca c a, c c a c a ab a ac c cc, a a c ac aa c. aa, Ra cc ca b aa a a aca , c ca c ca

ca ca b aa aca ac. D aa,ac c a ca a c a c a, c cc /a c, ac c c. ca

ca b aa a , b, a c ca c ca a.

3. ,

3.1. Sc ca ca a a a a , a . Caa ca a c a caacaa c a a cc aa, a c ca.

3.2. D c a c a aca c, c ca b aa caa ca: a ca ac a c c c, ca a ac aa, a a a, c cc ac, ca a ca baa c ca c. aa a, a a ca cc aa 1963, aa a a a ca c.

3.2.1 Cc aa a 1963 a c aa a, cc aa a cc aaa. A a c b , , c . S, c c c ab aa, a, ,caac a a c , ca ab

c. Sca c aaa aa c a a

a, a aa aca ac. Vaaa a a c aa c a a ca c ca. Maa ca aa , aa, abcaa.

Da b a, aa ac c cca c , c c c a .

3.2.2 Sc aa 1963, a a 1980, c, aba cc cc a ca ca acaaab. La c a a, aa, aa c ca a. D ac ac c a a ca a ac c a a.

3.3. Ca a a aa c c cc ac. Dc c a c a c ca a ac a , ca a. Ta ac c cca a ca c a a, a, ca ca

b aa a . Pca c :

3.3.1 Dc

() Ra aab , aa ca a c ac c a caca a ac c a a caca a c c.


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() Raa aa , ac a c c a aca b.

() Caa c, ca a a c ca (ca c ca a aba c ca, c aa, c c.) a ( a a a, ba aa ca c.). Aa a a ac c caaa, c a c cc c , a b ca a c a aaa .

3.3.2 Dc ac a caDca a a ca ca aa b aa a ccc c aca aca a ca c c. Ca c c aca ca :

() aca ab c, ca a c ;

() a c a a a, c a a ;

() aca cc a ;

() a ca /a a c;

() c ac a aa a (a), c c aa

ab;() c a a, a c caaca ca c a ac aa a a;

() aa aa c caacc cac a.

3.4 U c a c aca c acacaa c ca a a ac, ca, b ac cac, a ca. S ac ca c (ca aac cc, c bc a ca cc), a a a a, aca c, ac c c.

P cc c c a caaa ab a b. ,

c a ca aa a ca a aac ac, aca c a c c a ac ac.

3.5 Dc a a a caa aa ca a aba cc c 1977, a c c ca a a c c a : a , a a a aa , a, ca , c ca c, a a aa a c.

Ac cac aa b a aaa b, aa a a ac c b.

4.

Pa a aba c aa cc , c a aca, aaa c a c a c ca.Eaaa ca a a c aa c c, c aab a ca c abac a ca c c a aca ac c ca

ca.


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Eaaa ac baa c c C ca caa a 3a. P aaa c a c a c P1003 ca a, a , a ca.

4.1 T a ca aaa ca

4.1.1. Eaaa ca baa a a ca ca 4 a c. Aca :

caa c ca;

a aa c cc aa a Caa cc;

c a a a aa a;

c a a aa a cc;

a ;

/a aba.

4.1.2. Ia ca aaa ca b :

(a) Icaa ca;

(b) Icaa a a c;

(c) Icaa c ;

() Saba a a ac c ca;

() Saba cc c c a cac aaa c b ;

() Icaa a c caa a aa /a c ac a, c a a;

() Icaa baa ca a ca caa a;

() Raaa ac aca cc, c aa c;

() Icaa a a a a ca a a c ca ca a. S a a a aca c, c c a ac, c cc aaa,a a, aac cc aa c a aa, c.

4.1.3 Fc caaa caaa a b aa , ac a aa aa a ab a ca KL. C P 1003 abc ca a: ca a, ca a ca c. S ca a a aa cc a aba a ca.

4.1.4 N ca aa a cac a ac c (CF) c ca a cac a aa.

4.2 C aa aaa ca caa4.2.1 a ab a c ac a aca, c c a ca ca aba ca, ca aaa caa a c.

S a ab c a ca ca a a c a a ca ca.


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4.2.2.Pca c ca c P 1003 : c a acc, c aa,c caa c c aaaa a, a, aaa c a a, c aca c c a cc a , c

aa a a c, c aca a.

4.2.3 S a , aa, c ca c accc c ca, a c caa c c caa cab ca cac. D a ca a a c:

() Ta cc b c;

() S a ac a c c caa ca ca c;

() N ab c a ;

() N b;

() N a a a a a;

() Ta ca c a a;

() N a a ;() Ec aab a;

() Iaca caab a a a ca.

c P 1003 ca ca ca a ca a ac a .

D a a ca a:

() La ca a caab a b a a c a caab a , c a a;

() ccaa aa c a a:

0,55;

() c c: a a c a b a a c c 0,30;

() Ra a a a c a a baa a c a . Aaa aa a c ca ca cc a ;

() a 40 a, c a aa 10a a . a aa aaa cc;

() E a c ca ba ca a c (aa). Da cc a c 10 a,

a a;() Da ac a c 12 a a ;

() Ra a a c 30% aa a aca c. La aa a a c

2 ba c c.


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S b c caa c ca cac,c aaa caa a a ca c caa aa ca.

4.2.4 S a aaa ac a a aa ca, aa c ca ca b ca c a a ca a, ca c cca aa a ac ca.

4.3.

4.3.1. M ba a ac c c ca a ca 3 P 1001 a c aa ac acca,

c a ca a , c aa c ca. M c c P 1003 ca ca c c, ca aac c aca bc a aa c c a c = 40 a, aca ca ca a a c a aca c. D aca, cac a ca a c a ac c. D , c c a ca c0,65a, a c b 100%.

4.3.2. C c P 1001 c aa a ac c acca aa a aca.

4.3.3. M c ab baa a b c ca 4.1.

M b aa c ac a c cba a, c c CR 0.

4.3.4. Ec ac c aa a a :

cac a aa ac ca (LF);

cac a c c (MRS);

cac ac a (cac bac a);

cac ac a.

4.3.5. P c aa a a, a, c a a ca a a c , cac a c c cac ac a ac a.

4.3.6. Aa ca c a c ca c cac ac aa ac a cac a a.

4.4.

4.4.1 C P 1003 aa a cc, baacca, aa a cac a a a ca.

4.4.2 Aa aa ac baa c ca c a

a : caa c, ca c ca, (c, ), aa c., a b caa ( ca) ca, aa aaa c;

4.4.3 C aa :

Ma 1 ( ca);

Ma 2 ( c cc b c

);


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Ma 3. Aca a cac a ac a cc c a a b, ca ca a ca. Ma 3 caab a cc ca a c a a.

4.4.4 1 a aca a:

cc a ca b aa, c a c a 3 , aaa c c accaa c a 0,12.

cc c (ca ca aa ca a) aaa c c accaa = 0,08 c ca aa ca a a c III.

(1) E ca c a a aaa ba a cc ca a cc aaa, ca cab aa a c, c c ca

ca a a a a b a. La c ac , , a c c a abaa , a baa a

ca a a a 1. La a c a a b a a.

(2) ca M 1 ca:

() Eaaa caa a c baa c ca, ac a a cc. Ra a caa c , ca aa c ca aac c ac cc. La c a Aa B a c P 1003.

() Vc cac, a cac ca c ac ca c aa c c c a a (a cac c) a a c.

4.4.5 2 ac a a c a ca a acaa 1, a ca a aa.

(1) ca ac ca:

() aaa caa c caa c ac ca (aaa c ca 1 a Aa B a c P 1003.

() aaa caa baa cac ca ac ac caa .

(2) Cac ca ca ac a c ca P 1001: a c ac ca a a cac a c c . S c c ac c a ac ca .

(3) E aab baa 4.5.3.2.4, ca ac ca a 4.5.3.3.3, ca cac a, P1001. S a ca aa aa aa b c P1001 a a aa a ca a .

(4) Vc ac a aa , a caa aa ac a a aa c a aa c.

4.4.6 3 baa cac a, ac a ac.

(1) Uaa cac a :


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aba caa a c aab c ca ca a. Ra b a a a a c c c b acaa 1 2;

aaa ca aca ca a ca;

aa a c ca ca, ca c caa a caab a c aab.

(2) Cac ac a ca ca c a ca cba a ba a caa ac. cac a ca aa ac ac a a a a a ca aa cac ac a.

(3) Ea cac ac a, c a c. 6.9.2.2 P 1003 : aacb a ba aa a , b a c a c, aaa c a ba ca, aa c aa aca cac aaa, aa c aa a ca caa c c aab a aa (ULS) aa .

5.

5.1 a ab c ca b c a aa ( c) a c. Aca baa ac ca, c c ccaa a cca a b, aba cac a aa cc aa,caa aca c cc a cc ba a aacc, aba bc a, aba aa ca c a b, aaa caa aaa cac acc baa aca, ca a aa c c aa

cc caa a ca ca.5.2 Saba ab c ac aa: aacaa aa caa, cac, a c ca c P 1003.

5.3 P cacaa ab a ca a R a

a R1, ca cac a ca ca c ac ca c c P 1001;

, a c R2ca aa a ca cac a a ca;

, a c R3, ab cac a caacaa ca ca c, a ca 1 2 a aa ca 3. ca cac ac ac ca ca , c., a aaa aa ca aab a ab , c cc c c a aaa c. D , ca aaa a caca, aaa a aa, ac a caac c a a aca aa c aab.


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5.4 Eaaa c c aaa caa caa a a.

5.5 Va c ca aca c a ca c a c aba cc a c aa caaa a ca c c, c aba c . C P 1003ab a ca c c a RI RIV ca c a a ac aa cca aaa, aca c a ca c c, a ca a Ra = 100, c cc ca aa ca c ac. c P 1003 c a a c aa R1 a ab 8.1, a a R2 a ab 8.2, a a caa a a R3 a ab 8.3.

5.6 Ncaa ca ca ca ca aaa c ca c a aa a c aa aca c /a ab c. Da a ca, ca a, a c /a cc c, , a a ca.

c aa a aa aa, a cc , a acca a c ac ac c aca bc a a c c a c IMR=40 a, ca

a ca. a aa ca c, c P 1003 ab ca ca ca ac aaa a aa ca c,ca cac, :

R3< 0,65, a c Vaca

R3< 0,70, a c Baa.

5.7 Ra aa c a c a c aa, ca c a ca caa a cc caa c c. C , ac:

) Da c, a ca aca, a a aa c a aa cca a ca cac a c;

) Da ca a aaa a c (a abaa , aaa a ba, c acaa ca ) c c c cac;

) Da a a ca: ca a ca cc c ca, b aa aaa , ca. S aca ba, caa, caacaa c a a aac c;

) Dca cc c. S a a a

caa cc a c ca a a c a aa aca. S a, ac ca, a a ac,c c ac cac, c, a a a ca a a c;

) Ra cc c c aa b, a , ca, , a + c;


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) Saba a aa c cac, baa ca acaa ac c, CF c a cac aa;

) Pcaa bc a ca a a cc;

) Aa aa c caa c a a cac b;

) Ecaa c aa, ca c: cac ca c c a, aba a ca R1, R2 R3;

) Sa a aa cc. caaa cc caa cc;

) P . Faaa ca ca ca cac ca c aa ac c.

5.8 aba a ca R1, R2 R3, caaa ca c c aba c ca, a caaca ca bab a c . Ac c c ca ca a a ca aa c a ca aba a c ac a c. E c b ba

aa ca baa c a aa ca aca c ac, a ca c aca, a ca cac a b.

6. (/, / .) (, )

6.1 a a ca a c c, aaa aca c caa ca aca. Ica baa c ca b aa ca c a a c c

, c aa , cc ca c a c

ca a c: a a a aa , aa, a a ca. , a a ca aa 1 aca aa, aa ca ac a c acca, a ca aaa caaca aa c Tc=1,6c., a c acca, aa, c ca.

6.2 Sa c ca a aca ccaa ccc c a b /a ab c a .

6.3 P ca b aa aa c c (F. 6.1), a aca (F. 6.2) a a . Fca c

a aaa c. P b caaa c,

a a, c b a aa ac a aa b aa a a. P a aaa c bacaaa c.

6.4 P aaba c (F. 6.8) ca aacca ca, a a c a a. c

c c a aa a c c a,c c a, a c ca c ca ccca.


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P ca P ca

P ca P ca P

ca

Pca

Pca

Pca

F.6.1 Paaa c c

P ca P ca

P ca

P ca

Pca

Pca

Pca

Pca

F.6.2 Paaa a c

6.5 P ca ca b aa, ca ccaaa a ac c , ca aa, c aaca a caac c. cb, cc a c ca aa a.

6.6 c a b c a a ca: c a a c a aa, a aac b ca c c ca, a aac aa. Aaaa a ca c c CR 211.1.

6.7 Cca ca a ca ca cc , caaab aca c c P 1001 c a ac caa a baa

. Iaaa caac ca b


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a baa caac a ac, c aa a a a caa a cca.

Dac , a aa a cc ca, ca a .

6.8 D c cc a aaaa aaa a:

6.8.1 Dac a ac ca c c acaca c a cc a ac b a c

cc aa, cc ac cc (F.6.3).

F.6.3 Paaa a c

F.6.4 Paaa a c

6.8.2 Dac aa ca a c a ac ba c, ac c a , c aa

cc L0

bc

bc

P

Sa b

Sa

cc L0

H

Ga a

Ga a

Cc H

P

P

P

Ga a

Ga aCc

Cc

b

cc L0

bc

bc

P

Sa

b

Sa

cc L0

H

Ga a

Ga a

CcH

P

P

P

Ga aCc

Cc

b

Caaaaa

Caaaaa


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ca ca a. P aa a (F.6.4) aaac (F.6.5). Aca ca c a a a a a a cc a caac c ca a ac ca aa, ca ca a a ca ca ca .

F.6.5 Paaa aac , c c

6.8.3 P aac a aaa a c c a a c (F.6.6), ca c a ca c cc

caa c ca a caa c, a c c aa.

P ca

Pca

F.6.6 Paaa aac , a c6.9 P ca aa, , b aa , a aa abca c, cca a c aa ca b (F.6.7). Pa abca a a c a c

b ca aaa a a a c, c c a a a c c a

abca.

cc L0

bc

bc

P

Sa

b

Sa

cc L0

H

Ga a

Ga a

AA

H

P

P

Ga a

Ga a

b

Caaaaa

Caaaaa

Caaaaa

bb

Ga a

Cc

Cc


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6.10 P ca aaa aaa ca ca, ca a aaaa ca c ca a, c a ca a (F. 6.8). Aca c baa a a a a .

cc L0

bc

bc

Pa

Sa

Sa

cc L0

P Cc

CcPa Cc

Pa

F.6.7 Ca c abca

6.11 Ccaa , aa c cc aa a/ ca a a, ca ca ac c aca a a b aa. a aaa , acaa ba a ac a aca caa .

6.12 Cc ac cc (cc c cca cc) aac c a cac. Sa c ac cc aa ba b ca a .

P ca P ca

P ca P ca

Pca

Pca

F.6.8 Ca c a ca aaa a ca

6.13 a aca a cc aa a ca c a caab. P a ac , a a ca


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ac ccaa, c aa a c a , aaca, b a , caca a (F. 6.9).

A

E caa caa

a

CcA

A

Sca caa caa

Cc

E

A

A

Fa caa caa

Cc

(a a a)

F.6.9 Da aa a cca

6.14 Cc aa a c a a a a. E aaa a a , a c a ca (F.6.10) aa ca b, a a b aaa a a .

Pa Gaa

Bc

Bcca

Pa ca

F.6.10 Da aa a cca

6.15 Maa cc b c b, a ca c aa. C a cc a a

a aa a a (F. 6.11a). aca a, ca a c cc a a ca c ,ca a cc c ca ( c 6/20 OB37). ac aca c caacaa a c c aa , c

acc a aa . Aca caaca a c ac c a a b aa a a aa c. O a a

b b ac a cc , a aa (F. 6.11b), ba a a aac.

Dac aa a a a b c, ac caacaa c a a aa a aa c a

a c a, a aa ca a ac, a (F. 6.11c).

6.16 S a a c, ca, a a a c a a . S a aa aa ac cc a

cc cc a a aba. D aa, a ca ac aaa c c aaa aa a c c a a b . ca aaba c,


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ccaa a cca cca a cc a b aca.

Cc

Gaa

CcGaa

Gaa

b =bb

bb

b =bb

b =bb

b =bb b >bb

bb bbbb b

b >bb

Gaca

A

a) b) c)

F.6.11 Da aa a cca

6.17 a c, a aa ca a a a, ca b c ac ca. E ca

c ac a (aca) c c a a ac , a ac b ca.

6.17.1 Dac ca ca a a a, b ca aaa a ac , cca a a (F. 6.12) aca ac aa a a a a a ca a .

Sa

Bc BS

C BA

Sa

Bc BS

C BA

Fa a

P

Sa Sa

H

Ga a

cc L0

Paaaa

Fa a

Cc

Ma

C BABc BS

C BABc BS

F.6.12 Fa b caa a

6.17.2 ca ca aa a /a a a a ca a (F. 6.13)


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6.17.3 a, ca ca c a c c, a c a a, ca, aba c,c a a a , a a a ca . ac a a a ac, a , ba,ac a.

Sa

Bc BS

C BA

Sa

Bc BS

C BA

Fa a

P

Sa Sa

H

Ga a

cc L0

Paaaa

Fa a

Cc

Ma

C BABc BS

C BABc BS

CcCc

F.6.13 Fa b c caa a

La c, a a c c aa a caba ca ca c c acaa a c .

Sa ca a a aa c ca, b ca a ca ca baaa a aca c accab b ac c a

b cc c.

6.18 P ca ca, aaa c a a caca caa (a c c ca ca) ca. M ca a ca ca , a c ca.

La b ac a a.

a ca, ca a, aa a acc aca c ca c ca caacaa ,c a ca.

A aa ca cb ca. E ca c a , a ca c ac b aa.


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S ca c c b aa, c aa c b a c , c Aa F a c P 1003 a a.

6.19 O a b c b a a c caa a aca c a a ca, a ca ca, aac a a, ac a bac, ac a, c.,a ca c a aca ca a ca c a aa aa. Aca a aa b aa ca c b , c a a, caa c aa c ca, a ca ba a aaa, c., aa ca ac bc .

7. , ,

7.1 Raaa ca ccaa ca a ca , caa , ac ca ca, aaa b aa caa a ,

a, caa c .Dac aaa c c b aa, a c aaa c ca c a cca c a.

7.2 B a ca C20/25, c a a a aa 16.T c c a a aaa b ab c ac c NE 012/01. S caa c c cac , a, a c aa ab, c NE 012.

7.3 O b b ac c ST 009. P aa , a cac, a a a caca a STNB a STPB. P aa c cc a a . S a a ac aa c

a.7.4 Cc (ac aa) aa, , ba b, b cc c a cc. S a cc, , b cc c a cac, c c a a a , ac aa c ca c a.

7.5 R ( , c a aacc) acaacc b a c. Aa c a. D , a c ac ac ca a cc .

S , ca aa aca, a ca c ca, aa.

Da c c a a a c. c a c a .

7.6 T c c, a ca c ca.

7.6.1 c, a c ca aaa baa c ca a:

a caa c ca;

c a b ca;


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ca a aa b a c b (ac ca);

c a a a a cac a c ;

aca a cc, a c a ;

acc cc . Da c aa aca a ccaa c a aca;

a cc ;

aa a cc a aa a caa aac, . S a abca a a;

a a ( b a b) aaa c c ( 2 bc/);

a ca ca a c;

a b c a a aa, a caaa ;

a b ( ac ca) c

a ca c ;

aa a aa ca ca;

c ca (ac ca) aca;

aa a b caa .

7.6.2. ca ca b aa ca b , a b b caa a a aaa a aa a a ca aa a a :

caa c a b a aa a a ca. P a a a a ca c c , b

a aa a a ca, ca aa a a c aa c c b a ca (F.7.1a);339

a) b) c)

F.7.1 Taa a a , b

aa b a cca. 200 b a , a caa c a a cac a a aa a a ba (F.7.1b);


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aa b a ac ca a (F.7.1c).

F.7.2 Aaa ca ac

7.6.3 ca ca b aa aa aaaa a , b a a a c aaa aca (F. 7.2). a cca a ca, c c ca ba ca c a . G

ac aa c ca. P a a a a aca b aa c aa a b.Ea a a c , ca, aa c a c a c c a. S a ac a a c .

7.7 La caa a ca a caacc, c a :

7.7.1 Ca ca ca a aaa a c, b , a (F.6.12). ac ca ca a a:

aa c a aa;

a aca b ca a aaa, a aa;

c a a ca c; c c a a ca ccaa aa ;

aa a ac c cca a c ca ;

a c a ac;

a b aa aaa a ;

a aa a;

a aa aaa a c a cac c b , caaa ;

a b a.

7.7.2 Ca ca ca a c b caa a (F.6.13). ac ca, a aa aa b aaa c:

aa c a , c c, a 6070 c a a acc c;

a aca c a a ;


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c a aaa aa, aa cc, a ca a ac;

a ca a ;

a c c c ca a.

7.7.3 Ca ca a c c c ca,aca ca ca a ca a .

7.8 P aa cc a cc c b c: a cc c, c a;

cc, c aca ba;

aa cc aa a a a aca c a.

a c a c (ac ca);

c (ca) aa (ac ca).

7.9 La ca ac ca a:

a b a;

a ca aaa b ac cca aca c c;

aa ca a cca c;

aa aa b a . cac b aa a aa aa c 10 a a; aa a c a aca ( , a);

c c c c a ccaa c a ;

abaa c a a cac;

aa cc ac c a caca a c.

7.10 T a a. ca c ca a baa c a ac ca cca aaaa c.

8. ,

8.1 La caa ca a cc CR211.1 C ca cc c ca b aa.

8.2 Ga ca a c a c 1/4 aaca a .

8.3 P a a a a a a c 180 baaaa ab c a ba a a a.

8.4 Pc aa aa a a a a 0,80% (cc aa a c 0,008).

8.5 Ea ca ba c ba a ca a caac c a c ca a a .


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8.6 P aaa ca a cc. S a ac aa: cc ca cac cc c a cc. D , a aaa a a c cc.

F.8.1 Pa a cc

8.7 P a aa cca c b ca a : Sa b a ca aaa caa ca, ca c a b aaa aca,

bcaa a ca a ca cca c a b b aa . Raaa a ca acca ba b cc b c c .

Cc b aa a b a . E aaaa cc a a b ac.

Pa cc aa a aca a b aa c c a a 8.1. Aca ba b c 5a cc c a 8a cc c

a cc, a a ac aa. D a, ac cc b, caa ca . Eca ccaa b a cca 5% a cc aa, ab aa. Vaaa a a ac cc b a ab

ca.

Ica ccaa cc a cc ac c a caca.

8.8 La ca c cc ca c a aaa a a, ab c c c ca ab c cca. Aca ca ac:

a c c c caa ca caa c ac

ac c aa ca c a a; ca a caaa c c c: c ba caa, c ba ca a c ac, c ba aa aa a, b aa cc;

ac aa c caa c, c , a ca a a bca, c c c. ac ca ca a b a cac a;


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cc c ca ca.

8.9 S ac c caa a a a bc, a a cac a c. S a c a aa a ca a caa . O a b, a c b cc, a aca

a a cca ba ;

8.10 P a c c ca c a, ac cacca a a a ca, a ca

ca aa ca a a c c ca aa.

9.

9.1 Pc ca a b ca ca baa c c, c a ca c cb b aabaa c cc : c, ac, aa c.

9.2 Pc c a aa c c c a c aaa ca a ab ca c .

9.3 Lc aa ca a baa c caba c ca c a c cc . ca ca

ca c a ca (, , c.) aca a baa c ca, aba ca a caa, a a a.

9.4 Daa c ca a ac a: c b ba c ca, a c baa aa a aca.

Pa a ca a, ac a aa, a a ccc aaa c cc aa, a c.

aca a a aa :

a aa a c aa;

caa c c a ac c ca.Dac c c c caa ab aa a, ca aa c c;

ca c c c c ca, a caa aaa aa a c. E b a c c a ba aca a aa a c ca;

caa c ca a a c a ca;

caa c ca a (b a a). Acaa caa a c ca a a;

aa c ca a ca a a c;

aaa c aa;

aaa a; ca c.

9.5 ca ca ca c b aa c, c a b a, c a aaa a aca ca, a a aca.


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10.

10.1 Cca ca a ca ca cc c c a, P 1001, CR 211.1, SR EN 199211, NP 112.

P caa cc aa SR CEN_TS199241/AC Pcaa b. Paa 41: Ga,SR CEN_TS 199244/ACPcaa b.Paa 44:

Aca aa C a cac SR CEN_TS 199245/AC Pcaa b. Paa 45: Aca aa C acc.

10.2 Daa caa ca ca ca, , , ca, a, ac c caacc . Dac cac aa a c c aa cca, a aaa aa c, ccc, c c c b a ca ca a ca cac, a c c a ca b aa.

10.3 Sc c aa caca a cac ac, ac ca c c aca c a aa

c. ac ca, aa a a: aa c a a a caacc ( c caaca c ca c a a) a c cc aa c aaaac ca. P aa a a a cac,aa c c a.

10.4 Cac c ac a ca c caa . cac a ca c ca , c c aca ca ca c. ca ca ca c b aa, ac c a caa , a aab. ca ca ca, cc b b caab a caa a. Pa ca ca

a a ca cac a ca .10.5 E c a :

10.5.1 Fa ca a

Fa ca a caca c aa:

, =

:

a a cac ca ca

a ca caab bb . c caacaa bb

a, cba aca a a. Caacaa ca a aa c aa a, c c a baba a aca c a bb:

( ), += a,


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0 +=+=

P a c a a ab a ca , a c b a a a b ca a bab a ca ca a a, cc ca ca c STAS 10107/090 a c 7.0 = .

10.5.2 Fa ca caP ca ca "c" a c , c bb ca, a b aa a ca ca c, b aa ccaa ac , c aaa ca bb ( ). aa, aa ca ca ca ca ( ) c aba a a a b aa. D ac caa a ca c c ca a . ac cc a a aa (a) c, caacaa a

.

D c, caa a ca b a cc bb

ca a a ca ca ca.E ca a bb ( ) aa , c a c aaa aa . Raa c a:

==

Vaaa aa aa aa c a a ca a c bb.

U ca a a a a ca c ca cc aa , a aa ac c. Eaa c ac cac ca a a baa ,

ca a bab a caab a , ca . Dac ca a, ca a aca ca acc, a aa bb aa, acc caacaa a cc, bb , c, caacaa a c cc, bbca, ca , b c a c.

ca c , a aa bb, ca , aaa :

00 ==

ca c ca b c c, a c, ccaaa a a bb ( ) a c c a aca c aa c. a, ac a ca , aa a aca a c cc acaa cc a ca aa bb . Caa, a aa bb, ca , a a c aa(F. 10.1):

00 +=+=


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F. 10.1 Ecb aa c

aca a c c aca aa, aca a

caac a a aa c , aab , c a aa cc aaa a

bb c, c b ca ca c a ca.Fa a ca a aa bb c c a ca aa a c bb c. a10.2 ca cb aab , ca (S) ca a (Sba).

F. 10.2 Ecb

c a

Ra cac a a ca a:

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Sca

Sca

a

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

BbNTINS

BbCOMPRIMAT

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Sca

M


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+=

=

.

.

,

.

.

,

Scaa aa:

a aa ca ;

. a a cc

aaa a ca aa bb , a c c ca;

. a a aca c,

aca ac , a ca aa c bb , a c c ca.

a aa bb ca, ca a, ca

aa a caab a ,

, += bb ca

, = bb .

c a c aa c c ca

ca, cac a a a ca b aaa aa:

)(

=

:

2.1 = ac c c aa b ca

aa c a .

10.6 Cac cc aa ac c SR CEN_TS 199244/AC

cc c a cac SR CENTS 199245/AC cc c acc.

10.6.1 Cc ca c, , a c, caa c b,caa a b, caa aa b a c. P a aa caa c b ca caa a :

cc,,,,

R0,6R


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:

a c caacc caa ,

a c caacc a ca ca c

c a c a c b, ca a ba a c aa b a a caaa b aca a,

cc aa a a a cca c ccaa ca.

10.6.2 cac, b a b c a, aa ca.

10.6.3 S ca a c a cc: ca a ca ba , ca a caa a b, ca a ca aa b a

10.6.4 Ra caacc a ca :

, 0,

10.6.5 Vca a caa a bRa caacc a cc a cc caca c a:

, ,

,,

, , , , ,

, a caacc a cc,

,,

cc ca aa c c a a a,

, cc ca aa c b b b

a a a,, cc ca aa c c ca,

, cc ca aa c cc cc,

, cc ca aa c c cc,

, cc ca aa c aa .

Dac ccaa aca b a, acaca ca.

10.6.6. Vca a ca aa b a

Ra caacc a cc a cc caca c a:

, , ,

ca

(1) , a a ca cba c ca b

, ,

,,

, , , ,,

a


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(2) , a caacc a cc a a cc ca c a c b (aa aa a c b)

, , ,

, , , ,

,

a caacc a cc aa b a a a cc c a a a b

,

cc ca aa c c a a a

, aa c c b b aa a

, aa c cc cc

Dac aaa ca a ac, a caacaa a aa aa a c b.

Cc ac a ca a aa SR CEN_TS 199245/AC. D aa, aa a a cac cac cc a

a a c cba.Cc aa, ba cac c=1,5 =1,4 1,25 ca.

10.7 Ra cc aa cc a ca a c c 25%.

10.8 Cac a a ac c P 1001 NP 112. A, a ac c aca ca a a ac c, c c a ca. ca a ca c aac ac c ac EFaa

a a c aa:

EF= EF,G+ R EF,E ca:

EF,G c ac ( ca) cc c c cbaa ac ca cac a c

EF,Ec ac ( ca) caca c ca

Rac a, a c 1,0 3, 1,15 >3

aaa (/) a a a a c ca a a caa a aa ca;

Ra ( caab)

E aaa ca a caa ac c ca

Ra caca ca ca aa a a MR /ME caaa a baa a a acaa ac.

10.9 Da caac ca a c c aa a b aa aa cac a a aa a, aaaca ca ca ca a ac, ca c c


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c aa aa a c ca. D aca a ab a a c caac a ca c cca a a c aca a ba.

11.

C c P 1003 Aa A, aaa c a cc a ac ba bc a.

11.1 a ca /ca a c aa a .

C P1003 a a c, a:

1. N a a a a, aca c (SLS);

2. N a a a , aca (ULS);

3. N a a b, aca ca(SLPP).

Aca a a a c a ca aa ca ca c aaa a ca ac c. E ba caa a, cca ca ca a a aa ca (a 1).

11.2 N aa c caaca a c, a, aa a acca a a (aca c babaa 50 a a a a acca ).

N baa a aa c c ca a a a c P 1001; baa a aa c, aaaa cc aaa a acca a a

c a c 40 a (70% baba 50 a).

11.3 Obc a b aca a a c,a ca, c aa c, a

a c,.

11.4 c a aa c bc a. C c bc a a ca, c ac aba a ca. cb c aa ca a c,a b bc a a caa aa. Na ab bc a:

Obc a ba OPB,

Obc a OPS.

OPB Obc a ba c aaca a Sa a aca c a IMR=40 a.

11.5 Obc a ba ba a cc. Pcc ca I II a a c ca aac bc a a c b cbaa

a c aa c a aa c


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c OPB. D aa ab bc a a aaa ab , c ca aa a a ca

bca.

11.6 aa caa aa a cc c ca acc a cc , P 1003 ca aaa ac c acac a accaa ca 2/3 a ca P1001, cc .

Aca aa ac cc c ca a. aca, cc a ca a aa a c c cc c.

12.

Pcaa c c ac c P 1001, ca cc .

P aaa c ca, aca c ca acaaa a. Dac ba ca a a b, a aaa c c a a aba ca, ca 3 c cac bac. E caa aaaac a ca aa a a cc aa cc ca.

13.

Acaa a c a cc ca ca ca b aa a a a c :a c c a aa c a c aa c ca.

13.1. Ua c cc c13.1.1 Ga

(1) Pca bc a ac ac caa cca ca c a ca c aca c aa.

(2) Ua c cc aa c ac a c c a aa c c c cc.

13.1.2. Oba ca

(1). Pca a c a c c cc, caa c a c.

(2) Pca a ab c ca, a, aa c ca caa a, a a aca c c.

(3) Pca a caa caa aca ( aca c), b aca cc c.

(4) Pca a ca a c c a :

a c acaa ca a c;


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a ca acaa c caa a a ab; a, a a cca , ac c.

13.1.3. Oba ca

13.1.3.1 Eca a acc a ca caac a c aa c.

13.1.3.2 Eca a aa ca bca c a /a a

ca c.13.1.3.3 Eca a a aa aa aa a caca aa a a a ba.

13.1.4. Oba bca

(1) Bca a aa a a c cac aba c ca aa c c cc, acaa aca.

(2) Bca a a ca c ac a b ca a aa caa c a c.

(3) ca c N.10/1994 caaa cc a

a a acaa ac , bca ba ac a ca c a c aa a c c c.

13.2. Ua c cc aa

13.2.1 Ga

(1) Pca bc a ac ac caa c a aac ca.

(2) Ua c ac a a a ca a ac ca a cc.

(3) C Na P 130 ca a ccc : c ca c aca. P cc ca, b a aa a .P cc caa a I II (c P 100/1) a ccc a 5 (P+4E) a aa a ca, aaa c c ac ac a GPS. Paa a ca a ca UN AN. Ca c Ja Eca a a Caa Cc.

13.2.2 Oba ca

(1) Pca ab aa a ca ac a.

(2) Pca a ab c c, Ic c a

cc ca.(3) ca a b a c, ca a aaa aa a ca ca.

13.2.3 Oba bca

(1) ca c .10/1994 caaa cc aa a acaa ac , bca ba


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ac aa ca c a c aa a c aaa a.

(2) Bca a a ca c ac a b ca, a, aa caa c.

(3) La aaa (, a c.) c c c aca a,abaa abaa cc, bca a caa ca aacc c.


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()


41/99

Aa A

A1

A A () E

S a ca cdaa c ca d b aa a a cc c S+P+3E cad d b aa aaa a 1964 Bc. a aa cac a ca a cda, c P 1003, c cacda c d b aa a .

A.1 D

E d ca a ca abac caa d cc a cd c ca cad d b aa aa a dcda aca c. S daa, d aa, c d ccad d ca .

Pcda d aa a ca d c c ca c d cdd ca c P 1003.

T ca d ca d c a

a a cd bc c daa d , aaa Bc. C aa dd aa d daa, d dd, d aa 50 .

P a a d D+P+3E, c a daa 19,00 , cd a.

Fa a a ca caa d 16,85 42,30 . La ca cd ca da dc da. Taa a dcd a d 6,25 , 3,35 7,25 , a da a a a, d 4,70 ca (F. A.1). Sa d aa ca c dcd d c d dc ca.

T a ca a 19641966 baa c c ca d ada c, a d c d d c. A caac d cad d b aa ( ), ca d c a dc d aca cd d ca c. Sa dca cc dd cad aa a d d cad da. D aca a a A.1. Eca, a A.2 a cad aa CT2, cad c a a d aba, d, d c d d c, dca ac aa d c aa d .

P ca ca ac c aaa ( ada),d d c ca c aa aa d c d

ac aaa, c dc a a c aca (F. A.2). Saa a a d aa, d a.

Pc c 5 a aa d b aa ad a d 12 c dcd aa d 10 c dcda ca da cd da.

S d da aa d da a ( c aa bc d b) d b cad a caa d d cba c c ca da d d d a d. Cca da


42/99

Aa A

A2

a d a a cab, ac c, ad ca d250,0 Pa a adca d 2,00 .

N

O

Y

XFaada dc

Faada dc

C1C2C2C2C2C2C2C3

C4C5

CL1

CL2

CL3

CL4

F. A.1 Pa c

F. A.2 Cad aa CT2


43/99

Aa A

A3

P ca c d caa aa d d d cd d d aca: d a aa d c d da ca a d c c c d aa (F. A.3). R a d c a a c a d cac, ad accab dc d d a c, da c cac d daba

a cac.

F. A.3 Zd aca (c a)

D c d d a d d aa a cad d b aa bca c aca a ca c Na cda d ca acc c: P131963. Ad d a a c d

c d ada c, ca d ca d aca a d ba d ca aa, d cca 4,5% d aacc. , caa aaa d b aa c ad d cc d ca aaa d STAS 154656. A, a cc (F. A.4) aa cc a ac , c ba d baca.

D c d d a d d aa a a dca 27 d c d(F. A.5).

S b, a a c a , a d a cc d aaaa a a .

F. A.4 Pa a. Da d aa A.2 E (, ,

.)

A.2.1 E . D 1.

Eaaa caa a c daa G ad d d a cd d ca ca

C d ca

Ia ()


44/99

Aa A

A4

ac a ca a cc c ca a cac c.

F. A.5 Pa a. Da aa

P c d b aa, c cd a daaac 1 a ab B.1 B.2 d Aa B a cd P 1003. C dab a da ac a cd ca b dacc : , ab B.1, d a ca, a a da, ab B.2, d a daa. D d c c c d ab cd da ada daa ac . ca d ca, dac a c d d cac, c da a d ab B.2.


45/99

Aa A

A5

D, ab B.1 B.2, cd d ca c P 1003 a aa aca dda ca c a, c a a a ba a c a d cd d ca ca ac a , a ab ca ca c a. Pc c ac adda a ca c aab ca aaa ac d

ca, a a c c aa acda a a ca,dda /a ba, baa a a aca ca ca a.

Cc aaa a ab a ca:

()Cd d caa c (a 50 c):

Ta cc c 10;

S dda ( a c a aa aba aa c ac a) 4;

N ab d c d d a 5;

N b 5;

N dc a a d a a ca d a a 3;

N dc ca (a ca c ada) 5;

N d a d a a d 50% 5;

Ec d d aab da 5;

Iaca (da) a a ca a4.

: 46,0 d da.

Pc ab ca ca a aa : cda d c a ac, aa a c aa a d a a a a ac d ca caab c a d da a a a a a a.

()Cd d ac c (a 10 c):

Da a cd c dc da d , c P 1001 2,0;

Pa da (a) a c aa a acaadca d ca ca 2,0;

P ca a (a a b) d c 1,0;

N ca c 1,0.

: 6,0 d da.


46/99

Aa A

A6

Ta a cd aa d daa a (aa50,0), c dc da d c P 1001. C a aca, cd c a caacc a (, da ), a c daa ca aca ab ca aa a c d a c. ,a c d c a aca aa c c aa

ac ca ac. P ca a b d c , a, c d cad a d . Da c ad d aa a ca, d d ca c, ca a cca, ca c ca ca.

() Cd d aca ca c cad baa (a 30 c):

Iaaa ca a daa caaab d da a c: a ca d a caab a a a dc a caab a , 1,0. (Sa acda cdac aaa ca NU a daa

ca aab d da a c dac ca a cac cc d d d ca c. ca da a cad aa, caacaa a c a .);

ccaa aa aa (a aa d c aa a aa c a d ca a b a c) a da, 2,5;

c c: a a c a b a < 0,30 1,0. (E c);

Ra a a a a d c a a ba aa c a 1,0;

d a d 40 da, c a daa 10da a d d 1,5;

d a d aa aaa cc 2,0;

E d a c ca ba ca a c (aa)2,0;

Da cc a dc 10 da, a d a 0,5;

Da ac a dc 12 da da 1,5;

Aaa aa a d c ca ca cc a 0,5;

Ra a a c 30% d a a a aca c 2,5;

La aa a a c 2 ba c ( dcd) 0,5;


47/99

Aa A

A7

: 16,5 d a.

()Cd a a a (a 10 c):

Paca a c 100 aa d b aa a dda abca c aba adca 3,0;

A c a db ac a a ca ac a a c aca a a 1,5;

F c d a a a a c ca(, cad) d ca c b, /a cc ccd a c c c 1,5;

G a bda c a c, aca adca 1,5;

: 7,5 d da.

1: 46 + 6 + 16,5 + 7,5 = 76

Tab A.1. Va 1aca ca d c c

C

I II III IV

1

< 30 30 60 61 90 91 100

AL GEEAL 1: 76 => C III,

,

;

A.2.2 E . D 2.

Eaaa d dada a ca cac cac a . Daa 2 ac baa ca dac ab B.3 d Aa B a cd P 1003, d d daddca.

Ca ca dca 1, dba ca a d c d ab B.3 d ca d dad ac c a a c aaa a a c, a c a aa aca db ac cd acaa a ab aa a a a c d d dadaa a ca a d cc aa.

Tb ca c c ca a c a d aa a ccaaa a da: dad d d cc ca; dad d dccaa c da (aaa a, cac, aca a, ca ab); dad d d c dca (b a ,


48/99

Aa A

A8

d c cc c.) a dad d d ac d d: d, ac cc a bc.

()Dad d d aca c (a 50 c):

F da a cc ( ac) a ,

5,0;Fac a ca d d a a 4,0;

Fac da dc /a d d dc 7,0;

Fac a ca d d a a /a 4,0;

F d ca d d caa a d 6,0;

Cdaa aca d ba d a 6,0;

Faa a a a 6,0;

Dada a da a d da 5,0;: 43 d da.

()Dad d d cc ca (a 20 c):

F dad c a 9,0;

F dad 10,0;

: 19 d da.

() Dad d d ccaa c da (aaa a, cac,aca a, ca a b a 10 c) 8,0;

: 8,0 d da.() Dad d d c dca (b a, d c

cc c. a 10 c) 9,0;

: 9,0 d da.

() Dad d d ac d d: d, a c cc abc c., aa: b a d (c aa d ad aaca a 10 c)10,0;

: 10 c d.

1: 43 + 19 + 8 + 9 + 10 = 89

Tab A.2. Va 2aca ca d c c

C

I II III I

2

< 40 40 70 71 90 91 100


49/99

Aa A

A9

AL GEEAL 2: 89,0 => C III,

,

.

A.3

La aaa ca a a a d d OL38 b dac B200. Caaa b a ca a d ccdc c cd b d ca C12/16.

A.4 E

A.4.1

Cda ca a aa aaa Bc , c P 1001,a caaca d acca d a ca = 0,24

ad d c (c) a c d = 1,60c.P ca, d d da d cac , ac d d ca

da a aa c cd c ac c dca aaa cd.

A.4.2

C P 1003, d ca cd a d ca:

() ca c a: caa d aab a c d cc d a d aab a a cc d caa da;

() ca c aca d da: da cc d cd a d c;

() ca c aa: a d caacc cac aaa cc d cca d ca a d a .

P baa ac a a ab d ca KL2 ca a, aaaa ac d cd CF 1,20.

ac , c 4.5 d P 1003 ca: da ab caaccaa d ca a a cac caac ca, caa aca a c c, a d b d a

d a a a a ac d cd, CF, c dca.

D ca a ca da d c a ca (a 1977, 1986 1990), d ca a, c d aa d 4 a 1977,dad a b, d ca a d , a dcaa d d. , ca a a a ca a d aa dc d a a a. Ac dc aa da


50/99

Aa A

A10

a ca ac d d a a a ca d d aab ac, c a aa da ab a d a aa dadd ca d b aa. d d, cba dcaa a aa c aa a d c ca cdac aca a c aab, c da aa ca. ac

caacaa a aa c aa a ad a d cd, a c aa ca, d d d d aa cac, a ca a d caa.

A.4.3 M 1: C

C P 1003, da d 1 a aca cc a cad db aa, c a d d d c a 3 , aaa c c a a 0,12. C a aca, da d 1 a a cb a a.

aca d aaa c ac c d ca cdaa d ca a a a aa ca a c. Ac a a a adb b a

a d a ad d aa ca c: a 3 aca aa

a 3 aca a.

P a da aaa acca aa d ca ca d ada daa d ba a c. Acaa a cad a d ca:

H

65,01907,0 43

43

==

a

50,051,01,0 == .

Ad d c a d d 3,80 b a a a d ca a cd d c a b d c d c a c a, a cda c a ca a aa a aa d ca a.

Ac ad daa cd acca aa d cad 75,2= .

C ab 6.1 d P 1003, da d 1 c d b

aa, aaa ac d ca 5,2= .Dac cda a a d a caaca d

200 d a aa a , cadaa aca caa II d a,caaca ac d a Id 1,20, c ab 4.3 d P 1001.

c aaa c d cca 690,0 , a ac d ccccaa ca d aa 11,0 N/, a a d aa38000 N c ac ca d:


51/99

Aa A

A11

( ) ( )

G

F II =

== 85,0

5,2

75,224,02,111

G27,0F = = 3800027,0 F 10000

d ca a cda c dba ca a c ca aca da a. Ra caa ab A.3:

Tab A.3. Dba c d

NGaa d

(N)

ad ()

Fa cd F(N)

Fa aa

(N)E3 7590 18.93 3341 3341

E2 7590 15.13 2671 6012

E1 7590 11.33 2000 8012

P 7590 7.53 1329 9341D 7590 3.73 659 10000

da d 1 ad d aa ca c aca ad ca d c aa (8.1a) d P 1003:

=3 ,

d:

aa d, caca ca a d a a d

aa a a c aa a d a c; a aaad adb a a aa ca.

C A B d P 1003 a c = 4,1 , d a d

ca a d a b. A 2/611,0 = b d ca C12/16,

c ac d cd d CF=1,2; 2/854,0 = .

ab A.4 a, ca a c, a ad daa ca aca a.

S b c da aa c aa a aaa a

ad d aa ca a a a d 78,03 =

.P a caca a ad d aa ca aca aa d

ca d a d a a a c d cc ca aca d cc ca cd aca c. ccaaa d baa a a d a, a ca aadc a d a c a a cda a aa.


52/99

Aa A

A12

Tab A.4. Dba a ad d aa ca 3

NFa aa

(N)

Aa a aAc(

2)

E aad

(N/2)

3

E3 3341 6.67 0.50 1.71

E2 6012 6.67 0.90 0.95

E1 8012 7.71 1.04 0.82

P 9341 8.58 1.09 0.78

D 10000 9.84 1.02 0.84

P a dc d cac a a daa dca 3 da a

2 a cad aa c.

A baa a a a cdd c aa d cc ccd aca c aca ca d cca 11,0 N/ d a, a aa aa d d cc aaa (F. A.6).

F aa dc a d aca c dc aa a caca ca a:

Sa cda c a c db d a a c 10 cad aa,a c a c a cad aa c a F 1000

.. = .

Cdd db a a c d , ba da a baa c a a:

HF

D 13878....

, == , c, a a:

HF

10148....

, == .

F. A.6 F aa d cc aaa d da [N]

830

Aa =15,1 2

665

1215

970

1350

1080

960

765

Aa =22,1 2

Aa =24,5 2

Aa =17,4 2


53/99

Aa A

A13

Add, d ac, a caa c d a a a c d aa c d da aa, a a a aa dc:

D 82485,16/13878., ==

60285,16/10148. , ==

P a aa d cc aaa c c dc a daca c dc aa a a , c a, a a a aa d c d (Tab A.5).

Tab A.5. Caa aa ada .

Pa SM PA SC PB SC PC SC PD

N [N] 1267 970 1080 1367

b [] 350 500 500 350

[] 600 400 400 600

cd[Ma] 6.67 6.67 6.67 6.67 0.905 0.727 0.810 0.976

D SM DA SC DB SC DC SC DD

N [N] 1654 1215 1350 1784

b [] 350 650 650 350

[] 700 400 400 700

cd[Ma] 6.67 6.67 6.67 6.67

1.012 0.701 0.778 1.092

ab A.5 a caa cac aa ada d ,

a A, B, C D a a d.Vaaa a a aa aa a aa d

a D 092,1a= . C A B d P 1003, aaa adb a

aa aa d c 65,0= , a c :

60,0092,1

65,0

a3 ===

cc, da d 1, ad ba d aa ca c:

( ) ( ) == 60,0;78,0; 333

%6060,03 == Caa d c c aca ca b d dca R3 ab c

ab A.6, c dc a ab 8.3 d cd P 1003.

Ad d aaa ac 3= 60 % cada II, c cc ca b c c d ca dad ca a, da a ca da ab bab.


54/99

Aa A

A14

Tab A.6. Va R3 aca ca d c c

Caa d c c

I II III IV

Va R3 (%)

< 35 36 65 66 90 91 100

A.4.4 M 2: C

aca d c c aa aa acaca cc. cc, 2, aa acac c ca c ac aa baa c d d ac . Ma aa b ab a c dab a cac a a c a ac a da c d c c.

ca ca ada cc a a dc aaa ad d c ac aab aaa a da a c ca c da ac a a da c a.

ca ca ada daa a cd a ad d cda ac c dc a caa ac aaa b aca cc. A, ca c c a Ca R, ca Tc= 1.6 c, aaa cd c d0 Tc. D ac , da aca b d cac ca ccc c ac (d) cca d c cc daca d aa E d P 1001.

da d 2, caa ca ac a aa , c, aa d c, a cd d P 1001 a caac . ca SLS ca a c a da aa, c ca SLU ca c a ca.

Aa c a cca a , a d caa a a cda cac da cd a d caa aca a c dd ac c. C a E d cd P 1001, caa dad ca a cda a a d c a:

IEIE 5,0* =

P a b da ca ca d b aaa aa d da a c d .

a aa da a a a d d ba dcaa, a ab A.7 a A.7.

S db d da d 1 a ca aa a a cd a aaca a aa 38000 N, da d 2 a ca d ad cac cc, ca a a aa d 36000 N aa a a cc.


55/99

Aa A

A15

Tab A.7. Pad d d ba dc aa

Md d ba

Pada

[c.]

Fac d acada

Sa ac daca

1 1,237 0.775 0.7752 0,421 0.131 0.907

3 0,231 0.050 0.957

4 0,153 0.026 0.983

5 0,113 0.017 1.000

MPV 1; T1=1,24 MPV 2; T2=0,42 MPV 3; T3=0,23

F. A.7 F d ba d

cc a d ba ca c acd:

( ) ( )

G

G

F II

=

== 85,0

1

75,224,02,111

FGF 241203600067,067,0 ===

Aca aa a db ca c a ddaa d ba dc aa.

A.4.4.1

C d d P 1001, da a d aca SLS bd a ca ac c ac d dc ca aad a d c a ac c aca c SLS. P cccada caa II d a aaa ac ac 4,0= .

d a SLU da ac aca c cc daca c aa c cc ad ada daa d ba


56/99

Aa A

A16

a ad d c cc aaa c da c caca d ac a a dc c ca c ac.

Ac cc a c:

0625,160,1

24,15,2325,231 ===

R a a a da a d :

Tab A.8. Da a d aca SLS SLU

NDaa a.. ac

d

D a.. ac

D a.SLS

D a.SLU

[] [] [ %] [ %] [ %]

E3 0.435 3.80 1.68 0.67 1.79

E2 0.371 3.80 2.60 1.04 2.76

E1 0.272 3.80 2.89 1.15 3.08

P 0.162 3.80 2.71 1.09 2.88D 0.059 3.73 1.59 0.63 1.69

C a adb a da a d d 0,5% SLS d2,5% SLU, :

==15,1

5,0

a,

,,3

43,0,3 =

aa d c (SLS)

==08,3

5,2

a,

,,3

81,0,3 =

aa (SLU).

A.4.4.2

Ecaa c d ca SLU dd d d d cda dc aa a ca b aca cda. Md d cda a d b aa d Aa B d P 1003.

E ca d cac c ca ac aa c

cd d aaa c baa a d c: *E E)/E(E += , ca

*EE

d aca c cdd c d ac (d); E

d ac c aca cba d cc c cd aca

c; a ac d ca c d aaa,c a cd aca d cda.

P cd d dc caacaa d c d aaa a cc aa d a a ac d cd CF=1,20aca d ca a KL2.

ca cd a caa c caaa a b aca aa aaa, aca ac ca dc a


57/99

Aa A

A17

c, c aaa caab caca c a a aa(a caacc a CF cc aa d a).

A.4.4.2.1

C A B d P 1003 a ac d ca d d b aa dd d d d ca (dc a dc), d c daa d a aa a a a d aa a d cac.

Dac cc d a : (1) a aa a a c c d ba c aaa a c da 14 ; (2) c d aa a d a aa a c a a; (3) a ca c a d ca d a (4) cc daa d c cda

{ } 7;150;4/ (d a c aa a da a ba da); a cda c d d ac aa a c d da aa cd a dca a c . cc, a ac d ca a b

a a . ca ca d d ca a c d

da a 1 a cad aa c. cac aba a ca a a a a :

)67,6(11,11 = a a c a b d ca C12/15 cdaa d dc (c a);

)61,0(89,0 = a a d a b d ca C12/15 cdaa d dc (c a);

)3,170(8,195

= a d c a d ac OL38

cdaa d dc (c a);

)/(100a B = c d aa a (c c d

baa);

,, c d aa a a , a ca , c,c d aa c ;

E a a d ca;

*E

*E, c, c a a a d aca c

cdd ac a c ( 00,1= ); , c, c a a a d ac c

aca cba d cc c cd aca c;

( ) *EE / += c d cac aca c ac ac c a ;


58/99

Aa A

A18

)( A = c caab ca c;

E3 / = ad d aa c ca a c;

, ca a aa a ca cc, c. STAS 101070/90;

E a a d ca, c. P 1001;

E a a adaa, c. STAS 101070/90;

a a caab, c. STAS 101070/90;

E3 / = ad d aa c ca a a.

Tab A.9. Ga aaa aa a 1 a CTC

N Ab Aa

Aa

Aa a '

[] [] [2] [2] [2] [] [%] [%] [%]

E1 A 250 6501119

(220+125)2454

(525)2 50.3 200 0.75 1.64 0.20

E1 Bd 250 500402

(216)1473

(325)2 50.3 200 0.36 1.31 0.20

E1 Cd 250 650982

(225)1473

(325)2 50.3 200 0.65 0.98 0.20

E1 B 250 650628

(220)1473

(325)2 50.3 200 0.42 0.98 0.20

E1 C 250 500402

(216)1473

(325)2 50.3 200 0.36 1.31 0.20

E1 D 250 6501473

(325)

2454

(525)2 50.3 200 0.98 1.64 0.20

Tab A.10. E ca da aa a 1 a CTC

N A*E

*E

[N] [N] [N] [N]

E1 A ()1441.93 ()439.91 93.17 85.23E1 Bd ()890.70 ()692.52 22.15 18.15E1 Cd ()1055.32 ()338.26 113.63 96.88

E1 B (+)1164.55 ()439.91 76.76 77.71

E1 C (+)909.86 ()692.52 24.59 20.03E1 D (+)1287.14 ()338.26 132.36 104.43

N: S d aa a ca a a acc.

Ac cd aca c a dc aa, aa a a OY, :


59/99

Aa A

A19

Tab A.11. Gad d aa c ca a a 1 a c S dc aa (+OY)

N A

+

E + E

[N]

[N]

3

E1 A 0.29 0.21 5 195.216 120.5 0.617E1 Bd 0.31 0.41 5 155.99 31.5 0.202E1 Cd 0.11 0.24 5 97.434 105.8 1.085

E1 B 0.18 1.01 4 367.898 158.6 0.431E1 C 0.31 0.79 4 252.055 115.4 0.458E1 D 0.21 1.27 4 454.145 264.3 0.582

Tab A.12. Gad d aa c ca a a 1 a c S a dc aa (OY)

N A

E E

[N]

[N]

3

E1 A 0.29 1.07 4 267.313 264.3 0.989E1 Bd 0.31 0.77 4 200.525 115.4 0.575E1 Cd 0.11 1.21 4 150.2 158.6 1.056

E1 B 0.18 0.15 5 309.67 67.6 0.218E1 C 0.31 0.39 5 206.562 31.5 0.152E1 D 0.21 0.29 5 389.788 158.6 0.407

Va ad d aa ca a c da baa a d

c aca d ca. Vaaa a dca 3

a dcda ca, a cd d cca d a B C.

Tab A.13. Gad d aa c ca a a 1 a a S dc aa

N A a,E

[N]E ,

[N]

3 13

E1 A 142.73 1.07 0.67 158.1 1.17

E1 Bd 76.89 0.77 0.72 127.4 1.62

E1 Cd 161.94 1.21 0.76 179.6 1.06

E1 B 135.22 1.01 0.67 158.1 1.11

E1 C 78.77 0.79 0.72 127.4 1.66

E1 D 169.49 1.27 0.76 179.6 1.11


60/99

Aa A

A20

Dac a c ad d aa c a a a aaa, c da d caaca a a c a ca a da d caa d c, adc daaca ac c d a ca .

A.4.4.2.2

Dac: (1) a c d d a a cc cd d ca c P 1001; (2) ccdaa d c cda { } 7;125;3/ 0 (d 0 aa a c a da a ba da); (3)

a a d daa c d ba cc aa a c a d aa a a d 200 (4) d cc daa aa a P 1001; a cda c d dac aa a c d da aa cd a d ca a c . cc, a ac d ca acaca a a ca c dc c

dc. ca ca d d ca a c d

cad aa c d a d. P acd a a caa , a a:

a aa adaa d ca;

*E a aa a d aca c cdd c d ac;

a aa a d ac c aca cba d cc c

cd aca c;

( ) *EE / += a aa d cac aca c ac;)5.01( += a a d a b ca a

c c aa;

Sa b a a a:

Tab A.14. Ga aaa CTC a d

N Ab

[]

[]

Aaa

[2]

Aa

[2]

a

[%]

[%]

[%]

D A 350 700 942(320) 2512(820) 0.40 1.08 0.33

D B 650 400 942(320) 2512(820) 0.40 1.06 0.18

D C 650 400 942(320) 2512(820)0.40 1.06 0.18

D D 350 700 942(320) 2512(820)0.40 1.08 0.33


61/99

Aa A

A21

Tab A.15. E ca a baa CTC a d

N A*E

*E

*E

[N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N]

D A ()1764 ()634 ()1624 32 28 900

D B ()1004 ()551 ()394 18 15 967

D C ()976 ()527 (+)756 26 23 1082

D D ()1718 ()594 (+)1261 43 39 994

N: S d aa a ca a a acc.

Ac cd aca c a dc aa aa a ad d aa c a c c a a:

Tab A.16. Gad d aa c ca a c

CTC a baa d S dc aa

A a,

,

E

[N]

E

[N]

[N]3

A 0.562 3 359 556 251 0.451

B 0.410 4 869 269 186 0.691

C 0.513 3 830 351 184 0.524

D 0.551 3 574 530 292 0.551

Tab A.17. Gad d aa c ca a a CTCa baa d S dc aa

A E

[N],

[N]

3 13

A 163 0.555 0.752 196.4 1.205

B 120 0.777 0.507 150.0 1.253

C 125 0.776 0.534 149.8 1.195

D 181 0.566 0.803 200.3 1.108

Ca a , a c ad d aa c a a a aaa.

Dac dca 15% a a cadaa c caa d cc I. D ac a d cd P 1003, ca 8:

Va c dca, a a c aa a cc,b cda ca d a a dca d cada a cc a ca d c c. Fa c aaa a dca (add c aca


62/99

Aa A

A22

d c cc d a c , cca cda) c aa d a, aca a ca d c, cdc aa a cadaa cd caa c.

Dca d cadaa cd a ca d c b a aa c a aab cd d d a. Ia ca a c d

a dca ab a ca dc ca a ca. Oda dca, ac dc b aa d c d d ac a aa ab c ca aac c c ac d d a a d a a aca, a a ab aa.

ac ac, b a, d, a aa ca a ca dc a caaca c a dc d d a, c da aca aab c aa d ca a d ca.

d aa d ac c, d cd P 1003, cd c aaa d 15% d ca c d d, a ,

c aa ca. P dca R3, a c aaa= 40, ca cda aaa d . P a b a c a ca a c c ca c a, aca aaa cac d d a aa d caa a, a,cac ac dac d a d ca a aa.

cc, da d 2, ad ba d aa ca c:

( ) ( ) == 45,0;40,0;43,0;; 33,33 %4040,03 ==

A.4.5 E 3

Acaa ca a aaa d d aa cac c caa d a. Ea ac a c ca d aa ac a a c, ca d d 1 2 a ac d cdb.

P aaa c baa d d 3 a a a d dcac ac a (d ), c aa dac a (d ).

A.4.5.1 A

Aca d d cac a a aca ca c d a Dd cd P 1001 a d a caacaa d (a ac) ac ( F), c caacaa aca d daa ( ). Aca aa a da

a aa a ca d daa ( ) bd a ad d aa

ca c dca R3.


63/99

Aa A

A23

La da caacc d da ac (cb ), a ac, a ada a :

P ca dcd a aaa da aa a (F. A.4),ca c ac ca dcaa a ac a dc, c a c.A a d aca ac b ca ca c d

caacaa a c caa c a cac acca, ca d ac c. c a daaa d caab, c daa a cac ca aa , cdad dca a a ac d d cca. P a ca, aa ca ca dcd a dac 4 b a acaac. P aca a d d c d aa daa d caab, c da a b d caaca a , c c a (F. A.8).

F. A.8 P aca ac a c d aaa a da

a d aa a b c a da d a aaa a a d aca a c dc ca ca c aca d ca c ca a b ca aca d ca aba aa caaca d c. Ad d c: (a) a cc aca b ca caacaa d aca a ba d (b) a a a aa c, cd c cc, a d acaca aa b a c dc ca cd aca, aaa ca a cda c ba da ca a aa caaca.

Daaa d

caab

Daaa d a cac ac

ca

Z

d

Aca ac a


64/99

Aa A

A24

P cac ac a a a d d aca ac:

Aca ac d c c a d aa aa.Aca a ab dac ac aa a a ab;

Aca ac d c c aa c a cda a

aa aa caab a ac. Ac d aca a aaa aca , a c .

R ac caab a d b aa a aa d a(B.1a) (B.1b) d Aa B a cd P 1003. P b a a da ad a aca aa cca a a, c a d aca d a a d dc, a a d a aac d cd CF=1,20.

ca ca d d aca a ac a ca a .

A, a a, ca d a A, da cad aa c a c d b d 350650 aa da c 525 a aa a 220+125 a aa a. Aaa aa aa c 8/200. cc, a cc d a A aa aa a ac a:

35,0

2,0

3,0' 25

=

ca:

cc ca a aaa 01,0= ;

a c aa; 650= ;

/= ba d ca ca d ca; 54.3= ;

,' cc d aa a ca, c . a d ca d

a A: 016,0615250

2454' =

= , c 0073,0

615250

1119=

= ; 01,0 ; 01,0'

002,0200250

3,502

A

=

== cc d aa aa; a

ac d c a c, da c aa , ca b d ca a a a , a b daa a

a da aa c a a aa, c. A:

077,06

1

2

1

2

1

2

=

=

R c a ac a a a ca d ca a :


65/99

Aa A

A25

0355,02565,0

54,39,13

01,0

016,001,0 67,16

2,225002,0077,0

35,0

2,0

3,0

=

=

+

0231,02565,0

29,29,13

016,0

01,001,0 67,16

2,225002,0077,0

35,0

2,0

3,0

=

=

c c P 1003 aa c ba d, d cc, a ac a caca c aa d a dc c cc d dc c aaa d 0,5, a dac ca d aaaa a cc dc c 0,8, c aaa a a aca a d ca d a A a d:

01424,05,08,00355,0 ==+

00924,05,08,00231,0 ==

La baa a a cad aa c a c aa

d 500400 aa da c 316 a. Aaa aa aac a bc ad da d 6 d a a d 150 .C a (B.1a) d cd d aa c, a ac a a a c a ULS :

35,0

2,0

25

4

= ,

ca

01,0=

400=

75.1=

0013,0150500

3,2841.3

A

=

==

443,0=

26,067,16400500

10860 3=

==

E

R c a ac a a :

021,0254,0

75,167,16

4

01,0 67,162,225

0013,0443,035,0

2,026,0

=

=

c aa c ba d, aca aa b d a a,a dac ca d aa aa a cc dc c 0,8.


66/99

Aa A

A26

A c c aaa a a ac a a baa acad aa c, a a, d 0084.0= .

Md d d a c a a ac acac A.9 A.10. M d c c a da baada d aa a c a. Ad d c a d a d a a a, daa aca ac a aba aca a ac a. Aca da a bacd a d a d Aa B a cd P 1003, d.

P aaa a d aa a db cac a d daa d ba, acd cc a , c c a a a aa a cd. Sa b a, a c,d cb daa.

Aaa a a aca cdd ca da ca d acaaa d da aca d cc c cd aca c.

F. A.9 La

F. A.10 La a d ac 32 P ca ca a c aca a a OY, a d

d cac bac a:

A.4.5.1.1 C

a A.11 a cba aa daa a a cc b c a a d cac ac a.

1.1

2.0

%8.0 %2.1

1.1

2.0

%4.1 %2


67/99

Aa A

A27

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20

d []

F[N]

F. A.11 Cba F c "" GLD dca "+OY"

Fa d c d aa 3800 N, d a cc c ,

da ad aca aa a aa cc, a c:

%6.10106,036000

3800====

G

F

A.4.5.1.2 E

Ecaaa aa c d d Aa D a cd P 1001 cd dac d a c aaa, da a a.Ecaaa ca a caa caacc c c c ab dc c. Rd ca abc cd A E d P 1001. Ra d caa

c 1 GLD: da*

*F , aca MDOF, F:

*

** =

( ) 2*

** F

F

=

d:

=

1 aa a c GLD;

2

1

*

=== aa aa a ca c 1 GLD;

=

==1

* 1 ac d aca.

Ud a d c c d ba a d daad ba dc aa a a a a aa acd aca:


68/99

Aa A

A28

Tab A.18. Maa aa ac d aca a ca c 1GLD

N [N] 2

E3 620 0.025 1.000 620 620

E2 730 0.022 0.854 532 623E1 740 0.016 0.625 289 463

P 750 0.009 0.370 103 278

D 760 0.003 0.134 14 102

= 3600 = 1558 = 2086

a a c GLD c a:

== 75,0

*

**

( ) FF

F =

= 29,1

2*

**

da ab aa ca d c c

ac, cba *F * a daa b a daa ba (F. A.12). Cba

daa a b a c daa a caacaa d abb d dc caaa cb.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

d []

F[N]

GLD

1 GLD

1 GLD Baa

Ca d daa

F. A.12 Cba *F

* ca c "1" GLD dca "+OY"

S ca c 1 GLD caaca aa:

Fa d a c:

F 4900* =


69/99

Aa A

A29

Daaa a c:

5.26*=

Daaa :

128*= Pada d ba aca ad a a d b a a caca

d aa :

c24,14900

0265,036002222

*

** =

=

=

F

Cc c:

%6,13136,0

36000

4900*

* ====

G

F

A.4.5.1.3 D

300

0

300

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

A.

/2

7711

300

0

300

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

A.

/2

7713

300

0

300

0 5 10 15 20 25

A.

/2

8611

300

0

300

0 5 10 15 20 25

A.

/2

8613

300

0

300

0 5 10 15 20 25

A.

/2

8611

300

0

300

0 5 10 15 20 25

A.

/2

8613

F. A.13 Acca c c cd c d ca d P 1001

Ca d daa a b d c ac d aaa.Aca a b aa d 6 acca c (F. A.13), ca


70/99

Aa A

A30

dcaa a a c cd c d ca ccaaca c ada d c d 1,60 c (F. A.14). Acca a caa a cd acca d a d 24,0= .

P aa d a c ad aaa d 136,0* = b

c ac d daa a a A.15. aca ac a a aaa c d daa caca c aa (6.8) d P 1003, baa a daa.

=1.6

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

()

(/2)

7711

7713

8611

8613

8611

8613

1001/2006

F. A.14 Pdc d acca aca d 6 acca c

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

()

()

7711

7713

8611

8613

8611

8613

1001/2006

F. A.15 Sc ac d daa 136,0* =

S b c ada d ba a ca c 1 GLD ( 24,1* = ),a c d daa aa c d acca. Ca a, a A.16a a aaa a d a da ca ac. S b c


71/99

Aa A

A31

24,1* = ca d daa a d aa (6.8) d P 1003 aa a caaa ca d d 26,0= .

F. A.16 Vaaa a d a da ca ac . 136,0* =

Dac, aa c b a A.16, cc c ada daaa a d 0,60 ca d daa caca c a (6.8) d P 1003 a caacac, a a ca daa ad d aa ca c aaa a d aca ca:

2*2*

22

=

=

d

06,16,1

24,15,232

5,231

*

===

R:

=2

2

24,175,281,924,006,1

27,0=

da d 3 acd da d cac ac a ca c

d aab a c a SLU:a) , aa c cd d aa c,

aaa ad d aa ca c dc aa, aa OY :

==+27,0

128,0

,3 47,0,3 =

+

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

()

()

M

1001


72/99

Aa A

A32

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

d []

F[N]

GLD

1 GLD

1 GLD Baa

Ca d daa

F. A.17 CbF

*F

* dca "OY"

b) , cad aaa a a a d baa c aaa c d ca aca ac ca cacaa c. Ac ac a c d a d a d c d ca a aa ac ca ddaa cc dc aaa. P c d b aa ac d a a c

1/25,1 , d a 1/ d c P 1001. A, cadd ca

caa d dca H, cc c d ca a c:( )

( )

=

= 85,0

35.15

75,224.02,135.125.125.1 1

1

I

168,0= cc ad d aa ca c

==+168,0

106,0,3

63,0,3 =

+

Acd aca cd ca ca a aca a a a OY b a a:

S ca c 1 GLD caaca aa:

Fa d a c:

4950F* =

Daaa a c:


73/99

Aa A

A33

27*=

Daaa :

125*=

Pada d ba:

24,1* =

Cc c:

%139139,0* ==

Ca d daa c ca (6.8) d P 1003 27,0= .

R c dc aa a a a OY, c d aaba c a SLU a a a:

a) d daa:

==27,0

125,0

3 46,03 =

b) d :

==168,0

107,0,3

64,0,3 =

A.4.5.2 A

Aca d d cac a a aca ca c d d cdd ca c P 1001 a c a caacaa d da a c aab , c da c d a ac a c.

P aa dac a a a d acca: accaaNS a a INCERC 4 a 1977 c a aca a c accaaa a d 24,0= d acca aca b

dcaa c a a INCERC 1977 dc NS EV a c cab c c d ca d P 1001.

Ia caacc d da ac a d aca cb cac ac bac. Sa ba c ca a,

caaca a d baa, cda bc d c a aca ac ac ca a d a a ca da dca c aaa a a d aa c . cc aaa dac a a a c a a A.18.

ab A.19 caa a a a aca ac d c . P ca aa a ac a aaa aca


74/99

Aa A

A34

a ad d aa ca c dca R3. d a ab A.20 a a a aca ac d .

ac ab a a a: 77c13 accaaa a a INCERC dca NS a c d 1977; 77c13 accaa aca b dcaa c d a c cab c

c d ca; a 77c11 accaa aca b dcaa c a a INCERC dc EV 1977.

F. A.18 L a aaa dac a

Cad a d ac ab c a ca a c ac a c: b aca ca c a a INCERC 1977 (77c13)da ac cca d a a d c b a A.19(a); accaa aca 77c13 da ac cca d a a a a 1 (F. A.19(b)); a caa caaca d accaa aca 77c11 c a cca aca ac d a a 1 (F. A.19(c)).

Tab A.19. Va MAXIME a ac GRINZI dca R3aca

N77c13 77c13 77c11

3

3

3

E3 0.023 0.61 0.014 0.97 0.011 1.28

E2 0.033 0.42 0.018 0.79 0.035 0.40

E1 0.041 0.34 0.101 0.14 0.093 0.15

P 0.073 0.19 0.067 0.21 0.068 0.21

D 0.071 0.20 0.045 0.31 0.026 0.54

a A.19, a c c c, ac aaa ca daca d c ca ca a a a d a d d caa c da ac d a c, d a c a a dda aca ac.

1.1

%8.0

1.1

%4.1


75/99

Aa A

A35

Tab A.20. Va MAXIME a ac STLPI dca R3aca

N77c13 77c13 77c11

3

3

3

E3 0.008 1.72 0.017 0.80 0.016 0.89E2 0.009 1.54 0.024 0.57 0.053 0.26

E1 0.026 0.53 0.031 0.45 0.075 0.19

P 0.096 0.15 0.033 0.43 0.060 0.23

D 0.016 0.86 0.017 0.85 0.010 1.40

F. A.19 Daa cad aa d a 9 a a d = 25 c

Aad caa a dda a dca R3 d daac b da d 3 c a dda d a d da d 2 b c:

ca a aca cac dac a d ac aa a d c b da d 2, a c, cca aa,dca dda R3 d baca caacaa d da aca ;

ca aaa a dca R3aca ac a cca d a c a d ca aca c.

Dac aaa daca a d a cd a a

a a ca, a ca dac a a d d caac a caac a a a d b aa.Vc a ca ca d da d 2 a c d caaca a a c d a a aa c a a da.

() 7713 () 7713 () 7711


76/99

Aa A

A36

La c, ad d aa ca c R3 d ddaa ca a d daaa aa caab () ca d daa c d caa c.

c ca d daa aaa a a a da aaa cc, daaa a d ca d aaa da

aa a cc a ca a ( da caac d ) ca a c d .

F. A.20 Vaaa a da a accaa 77c13

A, caa a a a INCERC dca NS 1977 caa

acca a d 24.0= , daaa a d d caa caa c A.20. A a c d daa a cc d33= daa caab d 17= , aa c ad d aa ca

c dca aa a cd a c 52,03 = .

d a c d acca c dca:

70,024,0/17,03 == 77c13 (F. A.21)

44,034,0/15,03 == 77c13 (F. A.22).

c cac dac a a c a c a cab c c d ac c, c a da a d d c aa ca.

Ca a, da d 3 d d d cac dac a, ad daaa ca c a c ca a c aa d cb b aca c caaca d c acca :

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

D


77/99

Aa A

A37

( ) = 44,0;70,0;52,03 %4444,03 ==

cc, c ca b d dca 3= 44 %, aaa cada II.



0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

D

0.35

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

D


78/99

Aa A

A38

La a d d 3, aca c dac a ca ddaa aca ca c 1 GLD, b cac ac a, aaa aca a, 35.075.0/26.0 == . S b c acaaa d aa d aaa a a c d daa b cacdac a.

Sa, d c d d a da , cac ac bac c aad 17.075.0/128.0 == , aa d a da a aadac a.

A.5

1003

P aaa a a a ca a cd caa ca a b ca a a c d aa:

1.

D c d d a a caa a a d 1 =76 c cd III.

2. D c d d a a d dada a a d 2= 89 c cd III.

3. D c d d a a aac cac a a a a a :

da d 1: 3= 60 % II

da d 2: 3= 40 % II

da d 3:

a. Cac ac a: 3= 46 % IIb. Cac dac a: 3= 44 % II

cc, ca d a aa cada II c cd cc ca b c c d ca dad ca a, da a ca da ab bab.

D ac .

ca a a a d cda aaa c: (3) , d

dcda d a C D a cad aa d a 4,6 8 (F. A.23).La baa a ac a a a a c:

d cda a d aa a d c, aca c a a a cd c c 50 a, daa b d ca cc;

c c a d a cd , da a ac aaa aca d cda;


79/99

Aa A

A39

c cda da ca ac ddacc d aba aa ca aca c a ad b a aa;

F. A.23 Paa a a d

cd aca ca a c b c,dca d a a ad d ca a cd aaccab;

a aa d aa c dca a ca dcaa c aa d aa a ca cc a b dc b a c c;

ad d ca cd a ca daa d c a c d

c a c;c c c a a cda cda ca d c

d (cca. 50 ), cdaa c dc aa a d ca a ca da a cc, a c caa a cd.

d ab a a c, d d ca c d cda cca a ca a cd ca c c a b d, a c b c a ac c da cadac;

a d dc a c c aaa d a a ba

b d aca acc d caa c d cc c c dc aaaa a d ad ca daa c daaa a a c a a d a baa c;

a d dc a c c dca a ca d aa dc d aca dca aa a cc dac ca a c ca d caaaa c b d ca .


80/99

Aa A

A40

cc a d aa a aaa baa aca a d a aa a cc, a c dc ac d daa, c ca d ca . Sa d a ca cad d b aa ca c aa c da c d.

A.6 . E

P aca d a ca a d cac:

. aba a c d ca ca ac ca cd c c cda a c ;

. daa d cda, c d;

. caa cac ac d ac d ca a aa aaa caa a ad ca d aa c c da d 2:

aaa d ca da, cdd a aad ad d aca a d a aa ca caa a a da ;

caa da;

caa ;

caa ;

. caa cac ac a () aaa ad ca daa c c da d 3;

. caa da; da daa d cca a

d.

A.6.1 1001

cac a d ba (c. a: ( ) /F 1I = ) a d

aa a ac d ca 6,4= ca c c cadc, ca c d ca 5 d cd P 1001. Ma d a c 6 % a c d aa a a d:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

G

G

F II

=

==

06,185,0

6,4

75,224,02,1

06,111

FGF 55853600006,115,006,115,0 ===

A.6.2

P d, da aca, a a b d caC20/25 a d S345 (PC52).


81/99

Aa A

A41

C cd d ca a c c , CR 211.1, da a :

H

190)20;150a(

Sa a d 200, da cadab ca d ,

cdd caaca a c c a aa d c cac dac.

P c d a a c b d d caC20/25, cdd c aca a aa aa, d cac a a a d 200, a c caacaa a a a aca 100% d aa d ba (FTB) :

FF 6,05,15,2

F

7,163168253

1055856,0

5,23

6,0 3=

=

R 200= .

A.6.3 C

C ac da a ca aa d cac ca, ca a cdada c a a c, d a d a .Ra d cac caa aa a da a a a ca c (E) d 21000 N, a baa ca d , da aa a c:

E 2722, =

E 21046, =

P aaa ca a d a a aaa a cd d ca a c c .

A2

6001000200003,0003,0 ===

A a aa d 210/250, c S355 (PC52) caab:

17705250/102,

=

Dac E ,, ca aaa a d a d a

d a 212/150. R caab:

22187150/122,

=

054,121046

22187===

E


82/99

Aa A

A42

C da b a ac c a a d da ca aa cc da d aa aca c d da. P daa c a da a da caabd d a d a aa. A, c ada a a ca c aaa d , ca c

d c 4.6.2.4. , d P1001. E 2722, =

28546150/122,, =

212,115,1054,1356,121046

28546, ==>==

E

Fa a a baa :

E 22581665356,1356,1, ===

C d d 2,08,8 a aca d 0,7, aa ada d aa 300N. R c a d da:

30223002722 =+=

301277,0225828546 =+=

Cda d ca a d:

a,a,a, 3502504.14,1 >>>

A

=a,,

116717281,25

30127

6,17

3022a,, ===

A

2a, 13391167172 =+=

2, 9951167172 ==

R c daa dc d , a ccaa aa d a baada :

67,93022

30127 ===

Ac c a aa c aa c a da a,b ca , ac d da aca cda a d d d, da d aa a.


83/99

Aa A

A43

d aa d a a a a c c a da acda dca d b dca d a a d. a aa a d da a a d a a cac ac. Sa caa dc ac d c d cda a a c, da d

ca , a cda.

F. A.24 Paa a a 5 a a d

F. A.25 Eaa cad aa c ca d b aa


84/99

Aa A

A44

Dac dc c a a a a dca a cd a d caa a d a d abaa c. A a d cc a a d(F. A.24 F. A.25). ac , a d a baa , d, cad c aa 35% a d c b aa cd c a

a da a a c.Ra d cac aa a a a c a ca

c (E) d aa 14000 N, a baa ca d , c ca a a aa:

E 3200, =

E 13905, =

P aaa a a caab:

18955250/102,

=

Dac E ,, a ca aaa a d a d

a d. R:

363,113905

18955===

E

C da b a ac c a a d da ca aa cc da d aa aca c d da. P daa c a da a da caabd d a d a aa:

E 3200, =

21363250/102

,, =

536,113905

21363, ==E

Fa a a baa :

E 215140536,1536,1, ===

S d a a d da d 3,58,8 a aca d 0,7,aa a da d aa 535N. R c a d da:

37355353200 =+=

215147,021521363 =+=

Cda d ca a d:

a,a,a, 3502504.14,1 >>>


85/99

Aa A

A45

A

=a,,

47612117,45

21514

8,30

3735a,, ===

A

2a, 597476121 =+=

2, 355476121 ==

R c daa dc d , a ccaa aa d a baada :

76,53735

21514===

P d

Sa Sa

Hd

Gda acc L0

Padaaa

Fda a

Cc

Ma

C BABc BS

C BABc BS

P

PSa

F. A.26 Da da


86/99

Aa A

A46

Da a c dca d da d da aa (F. A.26). Acaa ac c cac c dcaa ac bc d cac.

Tb a c, acc, caa a ca cca a c c d cda. ac , ca c a,

dca ac aa caa ada a c ca aa c, d a, a aa a d a d a d, d a a. Ca d a da ba, d a dc c, caaa a , d ca d a.

Dac c a d c d a aca, cda acaa ba, adc c c a. d d, ca d cacb c aa d a aca, ca d d a d a ba.

A.6.4 A E 1001

Acd cda a a aa da a c ,

aca d d c a b a c caa ab A.21.Tab A.21. Vc a da aca SLS SLU

N

Daa a.. ac

d

D a.

. ac

D a.

SLS

D a.

SLU

[] [] [ %] [ %] [ %]

E3 0.05625 3.8 0.380 0.152 0.760

E2 0.04180 3.8 0.392 0.157 0.784

E1 0.02691 3.8 0.360 0.144 0.720

P 0.01324 3.8 0.277 0.111 0.554

D 0.00271 3.73 0.073 0.029 0.146

Pada d ba a d 1, daa, dca Y a a d cca a c ca c cda. P SLU cc d aca a da :

00,234,260,1

423,05,2325,231 ====

d daa c ad d aa a c d:

==157,0

5,0

a,

,,3

185,3,3

= aa d c

==784,0

5,2

a,

,,3

185,3,3

= aa .


87/99

Aa A

A47

A.6.5

A.6.5.1

C c d a da, E ,, a ca aaa

a d a d a d ca a d. D

caa c cc d a d c c a a a a a baaa, c d a a c:

E 2585, =

16605250/102,

=

215,113665

16605===

E

P aaa a a d a a aaa a cd d ca a c c .

A2

50010002000025,00025,0 ===

A a aa d 210/250, c S355 (PC52).

Dac a d a acc c d a aa dc a cda c a a a a d aa a da d. d ac a c d aa d a.

Fa a d ca d a baa a a :

EE 22671555458,11555215,12,1215,12,1 ====

EE

5,233215555,15,1 ===

9803005,7828,026, ==

R c aaa c aaa d a 210/250 a212/150:

238630011328,044 ==

== 023,15,2332

2386

E

c;

Vcaa b:

E 5,23325,15,2 =

=

463,1

105,2332

15,268252003

c.

cc, aa c d a a, c a ca a, ac dba 10/250 dca ca ba 12/150 dca a.


88/99

Aa A

A48

A.6.5.2 G

E ca ( ) a c d a c cc a a.

La caa a da a c a d aca aca, dac, da , daa d aaa daa d a d cc aaa, c a aab ca a dcd.

Tab A.22. Sca cda. Gad d aa c ca a a 1 a c a S dc aa

N A E [N]

[N]

3

E1 A 127 264.3 2.08E1 Bd 45 115.4 2.56

E1 Cd 135 158.6 1.18E1 B 101 158.6 1.57E1 C 56 115.4 2.06E1 D 153 264.3 1.73

Ca ca , d caa c cc d a d cc a a d a a a baa a.

Tab A.23. Sca cda. Gad d aa c ca a c CTC a baa a S dc aa

AE

[N]

E

[N]

[N]3

A 695 42 314 7.48

B 728 18 171 9.50

C 735 31 172 5.55

D 723 61 327 5.36

cc, da d 2, ad ba d aa ca c a

c cda dca d d b aa 00,13= .

A.6.6 C . C

()

Daa c d daa a ac c d d aa D, da P 1001, a daa cb a d ba daa a acc a daa cac ac a c a a ETABS,


89/99

Aa A

A49

acd d P 1003, cdd a d a caacc d da a aa. Cba daa a a A.27.

F. A.27 Cba FDaa . ca d daaFa A.27 aa caaca acc db da, a d c. Fa a

a d 8970, a d c d 7660. P a ca a a ca da a c, c, a a a d ba (FTB) aaa a c. Vaaa ac a, a 100, cc c :

GFB =

D ab aca ac, a a A.28, b c cacaa c ca da, dac aa ca aca ac aca ca d a a , da c a c. O db a a c aa d d ac, a c

a ada dca ac.

F. A.28 Cad aa ca ab aca ac


90/99

Aa A

A50

a aa a d cac ac ac () cca c a a d cda c c a a

c ad ba d aa ca c c: 00,13= .

A.6.7 1003

D c d d a a aac cac, ca cda dca d d b aa a a a a a a :

da d 2: 3= 100 %,

da d 3: 3= 100 %.

R c a ca cada I ccd cc a ca c aa a c b cc ca baa c a.

A.6.8 D

A.6.8.1 D

D c a ca a, aaa ca a ac d d dd ba 10/250, c S355 (PC52).

P baa ac ba ca , c, aa caabd, ca, cc ca a c a aa a aca (F. A.29).

Cc

Gdaa

200

200

250650

1420/500

F. A.29 Da cca ca

D caaa a a ca d a a a aa a a cc. A, d cac a a ac (14) cc d20/500, c S345 (PC52).


91/99

Aa A

A51

Vcaa cac a cc a d cda aa a a a c a d d cac c d, ac ca , a d a ca cc, a aa d a aa a d a b d bb ca. Laca a a d da a cc, a,

d, a , c a:)(;5,1a,, = E

d

, a a cac cc ca (c aa

ca d ), ;

E , a a a d cac d ac a ;

ac d aca a a a d cac ac;

a aaa caab c d a dcaa cda a ;

a a aaa .

P a :

E 1555, =

Consolidare Structuri Cadre Beton Armat

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