Comentariu_Constitutie.pdf

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Comentariu Constitutie.indd 1Comentariu Constitutie.indd 1 14.08.2012 14:40:2814.08.2012 14:40:28


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Editura ARC



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www.h.d

Ctu Cttu Rpub Mdv t dtt d Cut Cttu Rpub Mdv u pju f Fud H Sd d G.

Aut:B NEGRU (t. 1-10, 12-14, 72, 76)N OSMOCHESCU (t. 3, 4, 8, 11, 17-19, 37, 38, 86)Ad SMOCHIN (t. 15, 20-31)Cu GURIN (t. 16, 32-36, 39-46)I CREANG (t. 47-59, 109-111)Vt POPA (t. 60-71, 73-75)Sgu COBNEANU (t. 77, 87, 88, 93)Vv ZAPOROJAN (t. 78-81, 84, 85, 89-92, 94, 95, 107, 108, 112, 113, 124, 125, 141-143)Sgu URCAN (t. 96-106, 1061, 1062)V ERBE (t. 114-123)

Axdu ARMEANIC (t. 126-133)Dutu PULBERE (t. 134-140)

Rdt: N PRAC, Lu URCANUCt: E GUDUMACCpt: Mh BACINSCHIhdt: Ghd VACARCIUC, Sgu VLAS

Cdt d pt: Ku SOLLFRANK, u Rpzt Fud H Sd R Rpub Mdv.

Cut Cttu Rpub Mdv, Fud H Sd d G

Ct xp u t d putu d vd Cu Cttuu utt, du ut gj xp, pz Fud H Sdd G.

Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naionale a Crii

Cttu Rpub Mdv: tu/ d. d pt: Ku Sk;d.: N P, Lu uu Ch.: A, 2012 (pg. Eup). 576 p.

500 x.

ISBN 978-9975-61-700-0

342.4(478)(0.072)C 68

Edtu At. G. Mu . 3, Chu, MD 2009;

t.: 022-73-36-19, 022-73-53-29; x: 022-73-36-23-: @.dt.d; www.dtu.d



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CUPRINS

Prefa ....................................................................................................................................................................................9

Mesaj de salut ....................................................................................................................................................................11

Titlul I. PRINCIPII GENERALEArticolul 1 Statul Republica Moldova ............................................ ................................................ .................... 13Articolul 2 Suveranitatea i puterea de stat........................................... .............................................. ............ 23Articolul 3 Teritoriul .............................................. .................................................. .............................................. .... 28Articolul 4 Drepturile i libertile omului .......................................... ................................................. ............ 32Articolul 5 Democraia i pluralismul politic ....................................... ................................................ ............ 37

Articolul 6 Separaia i colaborarea puterilor ............................................. ................................................ .... 41Articolul 7 Constituia, lege suprem ...................................... ............................................. ............................. 47Articolul 8 Respectarea dreptului internaional i a tratatelor internaionale ................................... 52Articolul 9 Principiile undamentale privind proprietatea.........................................................................58Articolul 10 Unitatea poporului i dreptul la identitate ............................................. ................................... 62Articolul 11 Republica Moldova, stat neutru ........................................... .............................................. ............ 68Articolul 12 Simbolurile statului .......................................... ............................................ ....................................... 71Articolul 13 Limba de stat, uncionarea celorlalte limbi .......................................... .................................... 76

Articolul 14 Capitala ............................................... ............................................... .................................................. .... 80

Titlul II. DREPTURILE, LIBERTILEI NDATORIRILE FUNDAMENTALE

Capitolul I. DISPOZIII GENERALE

Articolul 15 Universalitatea ........................................... .............................................. ............................................. 82Articolul 16 Egalitatea ........................................ ............................................... ..................................................... .... 86Articolul 17 Cetenia Republicii Moldova ............................................... ............................................... ........... 89Articolul 18 Protecia cetenilor Republicii Moldova .......................................... ......................................... 94Articolul 19 Statutul juridic al cetenilor strini i al apatrizilor.............................. .................................. 97Articolul 20 Accesul liber la justiie ........................................... ............................................... ........................... 101Articolul 21 Prezumia nevinoviei .......................................... ............................................... ...........................104Articolul 22 Neretroactivitatea legii ........................................... .............................................. ........................... 107Articolul 23 Dreptul fecrui om de ai cunoate drepturile i ndatoririle ........................................ ..111

Capitolul II. DREPTURILE I LIBERTILE FUNDAMENTALE

Articolul 24 Dreptul la via i la integritate fzic i psihic ............................................. ......................... 114Articolul 25 Libertatea individual i sigurana persoanei ........................................... .............................. 118Articolul 26 Dreptul la aprare ....................................... ............................................. .......................................... 121Articolul 27 Dreptul la libera circulaie ...................................... ............................................ ............................ 125Articolul 28 Vaa intim, amilial i privat ............................................ ............................................... ..........128Articolul 29 Inviolabilitatea domiciliului ....................................... .................................................. .................. 131Articolul 30 Secretul corespondenei ............................................ ................................................... .................. 135Articolul 31 Libertatea contiinei ............................................. ............................................... ........................... 138

Articolul 32 Libertatea opiniei i a exprimrii ......................................... .............................................. .......... 141

Articolul 33 Libertatea creaiei..............................................................................................................................145



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C U P R I N S6

Articolul 34 Dreptul la inormaie .......................................... ............................................. ................................. 147

Articolul 35 Dreptul la nvtur.........................................................................................................................151Articolul 36 Dreptul la ocrotirea sntii ........................................ ........................................... ...................... 155Articolul 37 Dreptul la un mediu nconjurtor sntos ........................................ ....................................... 157

Articolul 38 Dreptul de vot i dreptul de a f ales ............................................ ............................................... 160Articolul 39 Dreptul la administrare....................................... .............................................. ............................... 163

Articolul 40 Libertatea ntrunirilor ......................................... ............................................. .................................166Articolul 41 Libertatea partidelor i a altor organizaii socialpolitice...................................................169

Articolul 42 Dreptul de a ntemeia i de a se aflia la sindicate ......................................... ........................ 173Articolul 43 Dreptul la munc i la protecia muncii ........................................... ......................................... 175Articolul 44 Interzicerea muncii orate ........................................ ............................................... ...................... 178

Articolul 45 Dreptul la grev ...................................... ............................................ ................................................ 181Articolul 46 Dreptul la proprietate privat i protecia acesteia ........................................ ......................183

Articolul 47 Dreptul la asisten i protecie social ........................................... .......................................... 187

Articolul 48 Familia ............................................... ............................................... ................................................ ......194Articolul 49 Protecia amiliei i a copiilor orani ............................................ ............................................... 198Articolul 50 Ocrotirea mamei, copiilor i a tinerilor ............................................... .......................................200Articolul 51 Protecia persoanelor handicapate ...................................... ................................................ ......204

Articolul 52 Dreptul de petiionare .......................................... ............................................. ..............................206Articolul 53 Dreptul persoanei vtmate de o autoritate public ........................................... ...............209

Articolul 54 Restrngerea exerciiului unor drepturi sau al unor liberti................. ........................... 216

Capitolul III . NDATORIRILE FUNDAMENTALE

Articolul 55 Exercitarea drepturilor i a libertilor ................................................ .......................................222

Articolul 56 Devotamentul a de ar .............................................. ................................................. ..............224

Articolul 57 Aprarea patriei ....................................... ............................................ ...............................................228

Articolul 58 Contribuii fnanciare ......................................... ............................................... ............................... 231Articolul 59 Protecia mediului nconjurtor i ocrotirea monumentelor .......................................... ..235

Titlul III. AUTORITILE PUBLICE

Capitolul IV. PARLAMENTUL

Seciunea 1. ORGANIZARE I FUNCIONARE

Articolul 60 Parlamentul, organ reprezentativ suprem i legislativ ........................................... .............240

Articolul 61 Alegerea Parlamentului ............................................. ............................................ ..........................243

Articolul 62 Validarea mandatului de deputat ........................................... ............................................... ......246

Articolul 63 Durata mandatului ........................................ ............................................. ....................................... 247

Articolul 64 Organizarea intern ............................................. ............................................ ................................. 251

Articolul 65 Caracterul public al edinelor......................................................................................................255Articolul 66 Atribuiile de baz ........................................ ............................................... ......................................257

Articolul 67 Sesiuni .............................................. ............................................... ................................................. ......262

Seciunea a 2a. STATUTUL DEPUTAILOR

Articolul 68 Mandatul reprezentativ ............................................ ............................................. ..........................264

Articolul 69 Mandatul deputailor ........................................... ............................................... ............................. 267

Articolul 70 Incompatibiliti i imuniti ......................................... .................................................. ..............270

Articolul 71 Independena opiniilor ............................................... .............................................. ......................275



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C U P R I N S 7

Seciunea a 3a. LEGIFERAREA

Articolul 72 Categorii de legi .............................................. ................................................. ..................................277Articolul 73 Iniiativa legislativ ........................................... ............................................ ....................................283Articolul 74 Adoptarea legilor i a hotrrilor ......................................... .............................................. ..........284Articolul 75 Reerendumul .......................................... ............................................. ..............................................288Articolul 76 Intrarea n vigoare a legii .............................................. ............................................... ...................291

Capitolul V. PREEDINTELE REPUBLICII MOLDOVA

Articolul 77 Preedintele Republicii Moldova, eul statului ............................................... ......................297Articolul 78 Alegerea Preedintelui ........................................... ............................................... ..........................300Articolul 79 Validarea mandatului i depunerea jurmntului ........................................ .........................304Articolul 80 Durata mandatului ............................................ ............................................ ....................................307Articolul 81 Incompatibiliti i imuniti ............................................ .................................................... .........309

Articolul 84 Mesaje ........................................ ............................................... ................................................... .......... 312Articolul 85 Dizolvarea Parlamentului ....................................... ............................................ ............................ 314Articolul 86 Atribuii n domeniul politicii externe ........................................ ............................................. .. 317Articolul 87 Atribuii n domeniul aprrii .............................................. ................................................ ..........320Articolul 88 Alte atribuii ........................................ ............................................... ................................................ ..322Articolul 89 Demiterea ........................................... ............................................... ................................................. ..326Articolul 90 Vacana unciei....................... .................................................. ............................................... ..........328Articolul 91 Interimatul unciei ......................................... ............................................... ................................... 331Articolul 92 Rspunderea Preedintelui interimar ....................................... ............................................... ..333Articolul 93 Promulgarea legilor ........................................ ............................................ ......................................334Articolul 94 Actele Preedintelui ................................................ ............................................... ...........................338Articolul 95 Resursele fnanciare ale aparatului Preedintelui, indemnizaia i alte drepturi .......341

Capitolul VI. GUVERNULArticolul 96 Rolul .............................................. .............................................. .................................................. ..........343Articolul 97 Structura ............................................. ............................................... ...................................................348Articolul 98 nvestitura ................................................. ................................................. ........................................... 350Articolul 99 Incompatibiliti ...................................... ............................................. .............................................. 356Articolul 100 ncetarea unciei de membru al Guvernului ....................................... ................................... 359Articolul 101 Primministrul ........................................... ............................................ .............................................. 361Articolul 102 Actele Guvernului ........................................... ............................................... ....................................364Articolul 103 ncetarea mandatului ............................................ ............................................. ..............................368

Capitolul VII. RAPORTURILE PARLAMENTULUI CU GUVERNUL

Articolul 104 Inormarea Parlamentului ..............................................................................................................370

Articolul 105 ntrebri i interpelri ........................................... ................................................. ...........................372Articolul 106 Exprimarea nencrederii ......................................... ............................................... .......................... 375Articolul 1061 Angajarea rspunderii Guvernului ..............................................................................................378Articolul 1062 Delegarea legislativ ........................................................................................................................381

Capitolul VIII. ADMINISTRAIA PUBLIC

Articolul 107 Administraia public central de specialitate ........................................ ...............................386Articolul 108 Forele armate ....................................................................................................................................388Articolul 109 Principiile de baz ale administrarii publice locale ........................................................ ......390

Articolul 110 Organizarea administrativteritorial ............................................. ......................................... ..396



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C U P R I N S8

Articolul 111 Unitatea teritorial autonom Gguzia ....................................... ........................................... 401

Articolul 112 Autoritile steti i oreneti ............................................. ................................................ ......406Articolul 113 Consiliul raional .............................................. .............................................. ......................................408

Capitolul IX. AUTORITATEA JUDECTOREASC

Seciunea 1. INSTANELE JUDECTORETI

Articolul 114 nptuirea justiiei ........................................ ............................................ ........................................ 412Articolul 115 Instanele judectoreti ............................................. ............................................... ...................... 418

Articolul 116 Statutul judectorilor ............................................ ............................................. .............................. 424Articolul 117 Caracterul public al dezbaterilor judiciare ........................................... ....................................438Articolul 118 Limba de procedur i dreptul la interpret ........................................ ...................................... 441

Articolul 119 Folosirea cilor de atac ....................................... ............................................. ............................... 444Articolul 120 Caracterul obligatoriu al sentinelor i al altor hotrri judectoreti defnitive.......450

Articolul 121 Resursele fnanciare ale instanelor judectoreti, indemnizaia i alte drepturi ......452Seciunea a 2a. CONSILIUL SUPERIOR AL MAGISTRATURII

Articolul 122 Componena ......................................... ............................................... ............................................... 457Articolul 123 Atribuiile ........................................ ............................................... ................................................. ......459

Seciunea a 3a. PROCURATURA

Articolul 124 Atribuiile i structura......................... ............................................ ..................................................462

Articolul 125 Mandatul procurorilor ........................................ ............................................ ................................ 464

Titlul IV. ECONOMIA NAIONAL I FINANELE PUBLICE

Articolul 126 Economia ............................................... ............................................... ................................................466

Articolul 127 Proprietatea .......................................... ............................................... ................................................ 471Articolul 128 Proprietatea cetenilor strini i a apatrizilor ........................................... ............................. 478

Articolul 129 Activitatea economic extern ............................................................................. .......................481

Articolul 130 Sistemul fnanciarcreditar ............................................... ............................................... ...............483

Articolul 131 Bugetul public naional .......................................... ............................................ .............................486

Articolul 132 Sistemul fscal .............................................. .................................................. ...................................... 502

Articolul 133 Curtea de Conturi ....................................... ............................................ ...........................................505

Titlul V. CURTEA CONSTITUIONAL

Articolul 134 Statutul ........................................... ............................................... .................................................. ......509

Articolul 135 Atribuiile ........................................ ............................................... ................................................. ......520

Articolul 136 Structura ......................................... ............................................... ................................................. ......549

Articolul 137 Independena .............................................. .............................................. ......................................... 555Articolul 138 Condiiile pentru numire ............................................. ............................................. ......................561

Articolul 139 Incompatibiliti .......................................... ............................................. ..........................................563

Articolul 140 Hotrrile Curii Constituionale ............................................ .................................................. ....563

Titlul VI. REVIZUIREA CONSTITUIEI

Articolul 141 Iniiativa revizuirii ......................................... .............................................. ........................................567

Articolul 142 Limitele revizuirii.................................................................................................................................569

Articolul 143 Legea privind modifcarea Constituiei ........................................... ........................................... 571



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Prea

Cttu Rpub Mdv tt vg 27 ugut 1994, fd dpt-

t p dt d 29 u u . Adpt Cttu dvt u t u

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tpuu.

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xp p ttuu up -pt, z ptv d p, ttuz dptu, bt dt ud-

t uu g t.

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, uz t, p ptu f t .

Cd v pt, dg , ub u t g-

zt uz tu pt, Cttu pzt g d

d dpt ut ttu uu hbu pt .

P ut pt dt u, dptu bt

udt, p gt up g, ttu p hbuu

put, gbt pud utt, dpd utt jud-

tt, Cttu t u d d g tu t d v

d gt pgu tb t. Suu t u dpd d

tt xpu t v Cttu, d vbtt tt d

gu up Cttu tt vu v .

Cttu u pzt u pvgu ttuu, p fu , d-

d v u .

Ru jut ttu t gu ptuu ptu Cttu,

ptu pp dt dptu udt, d d

pguu .Stut vu pd tutu t tv, Cttu vt dpt

p dv ptu p vdt tutu t pt jud.

Fd u uttt d jud ttu, Cut Cttu,

tt u t. 135 d Cttu, xt, z, tu ttu-

t g ht Ptuu, dt Pdtu Rpub Md-

v, ht d Guvuu, pu ttt t



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Rpub Mdv t pt, tptz Cttu, pu up t-

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jutf dzv Ptuu, dt Pdtu Rpub Mdv u

ttu u d Pdt ..

Comentariul la Constituia Republicii Moldova t u g px,

p d t g Rpub Mdv. N ttu ut zt

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Dutu Pub V tb, dt hbt dpt N Ohu,

x-judt Cu Cttu, Ad Sh, Vt Pp, dt dpt

Sgu Cbu, B Ngu, Sgu u, Axdu A, Vv Zp-

j, pt dpt pub I Cg Cu Gu.

Sp t tu v u t gt d p t-

pt ttu v f ut tt pt dpt, t pubu-

u g.



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Christian Hegemer, e de Departament

Fundaia Hanns Seidel

Fud H Sd t t 11 p 1967, ut

d ptu d vu bt, d dzvt. 40 d d

tvtt Fud ut u dv tutu ttu. At, ptu

t f du ptu pj b Cu Cttu Mdv, u

p d dvt.

At p dtz d d du tvtt Cu Cttu

pp d pubu g, d ud ht ptu Cu Cttu

up t. A put d d ppu uu gup d pt tt-

dptu ttu zz u tu Cttu p p

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dj v t Idz.

Cut Cttu ut bz u vt tt ghd,

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u Rpub Mdv.

D t Cut Cttu u pju dt tuu d

u d uj u u gu up Cttu p dptu-

bt udt uu.

Mesaj de salut



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Christian Hegemer, Abteilungsleiter

Hanns-Seidel-Stifung

D H-Sd-Stug wud v h 40 Jh 11. Ap 1967 gg-

dt. D bdutt h v Jhzht Dt v Fht, Dkt ud E-

twkug. D bdutt uh h 40 Jh ttg Etz httthStuktu. S w u 2010 btvtdh, d Wuh d dw-

h Vugght, wth Su d dwh Dkt, h

Utttzug ud Zubt zu tph.

D Zubt t uh d Id ghudt, d Abt d Vug-

ght bt thkt h zu bg. Dh u d Wk d V-

ugght zu vth, d Ut ht u bt Pubku zu-

ggh, d uh h Auwkug u d Gh duth zu h.

S wud d Gdk gb, d Ktug d Ut ud d Abt d

Vugght Gupp v Pktk ud Ttk d Vug-

ht zu bug; hh ht d H-Sd-Stug h Id u

d Wg gbht.

Mt d vgd Kt t d dwh Vugght

gug, Wk zu h, d wh Ltd ud Fhttu Stu-

dt, Wh ud Jut dt, b db hu uh d Bdutug

d Vugght uktd Dkt d Rpubk Mdu

duth ht.

Ih bgkwh d Vugght zu Hugb d Kt ud

wh h h v Jh gh Wk.

Gruwort



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Articolul 1

STATUL REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(1) Republica Moldova este un stat suveran i independent, unitar i indivizibil.(2) Forma de guvernmnt a statului este republica.(3) Republica Moldova este un stat de drept, democratic, n care demnitatea

omului, drepturile i libertile lui, libera dezvoltare a personalitii umane, drepta-tea i pluralismul politic reprezint valori supreme i sunt garantate.

Comentariu

tu tu t ugu t ,,Sttu Rpub Mdv. Rt du-, u pz p, d ptu t t L-

g . 589 d 23 1991 u pv hb du ttuu. C -t g, du t ttuu R.S.S. Moldoveneasc hb RepublicaMoldova, d t vg, tt p p t, t p p t, v utz u Statul Republica Moldova.

1. Cuvtu tt pv d tu status, d d d v tb,pt. I, t uvt ptu d t, pub d t-pu , dp t t d gz pt t.At u tp tpu d xt ttuu u u t - d udt d dp tt. A d tt pbttuu pt tt, d xpu, gdt t Att, Pt .

u u d, u d tt t ut tzu, pd uu XVI-. Gdtu N Mhv utzz ptu p dt uv-

tu tt p d.Fd tg xt d px, u d tt t t

ut u. u g uvtuu, ttu gztu pp tvt

u ut u tbt gu g bgt d dut, g-zz p u xut t gu , z d tt, zv tg p tt.

t t, ttu t bu utt pub guguv.

T i t l u l

PRINCIPII GENERALE

I



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T i t l u l I P R I N C I P I I G E N E R A L E14

D, v d tt z, uvtu tt t t-u ut -

t, vdu- vd u tgu bu d g d guv, u gt, u , d xpu, Ptu, Guvu, Cut Sup d Jut ..

D , u d stat du : tt, d vu ut u; put, gz dpu d u pt tv.Ab pt d ut, d ptz, ttu

tt tgd ttu put ptu z v ttu put pd t-tu tt ptu put .

Ext dv d ttuu, ub ptu g, ptg u jud.At:

d put d vd sociologic, ttu ttu gup d dvz b g-zt, up u ut ttu gg uut pt up - uttt pub xt pgtv d put, ztt tt u v d gz v tv1;

d put d vd politologic, ttu p tvtt u tttut gzt p u ut ttu, tutuz pt gupu d guv tu ppu2;

d put d vdjuridic, ttu pzt d jud t ttutd bu d pvd ptu (pt, , t-, utu t.), pt tu ttuu. Sttu pt pvt p- jud, d ttu d dptu bg, vd t t uu ubt d dpt3.

Cptu ttuu t xpt d pptv dt, tu t

tt g tutu tt, dt d pd xt .Sttu du p t pt, tt zutt d x uu ttu dtt u tvt u t-v g, tuhpd u, t guvt d put ttu,vd ptt j d xp d z v u p d t-vtt v g4.

A. (1) tt Rpub Mdv. At, Rpub Mdvt u tt:

a) SUVERAN i INDEPENDENT tg ,,suveran independent uvtu independent, p vd, d

p, d dpd ttu pd uvt. tugutu ttu dpd, ptu tg t p-

tu u pt vb d u tt uv, u dp uvtuu, d tu t dpdt.

Suvtt du tu: una intern alta extern.

1 Ct Iu, Drept constituional i instituii politice, v. I (Teoria general a instituiilorpolitice), Edtu Lu Lx, Buut, 1997, p. 48.

2 Id, p. 46.3 Id, p. 51.4 I Du, Drept constituional i instituii politice: tratat, v. 2, Edtu Eup Nv,

Buut, I, 1993, p. 8.



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ARTICOLUL 1 STATUL REPUBLICA MOLDOVA 15

Ltu intern uvt t ht ubz ptu tu t-

tuu ptv t put u t up u hvt u puttt. Ptu t tv, tu t t dut supremaia put d tt.

Ltu extern u t tv dt tbutu uvt d u dt xt d t t put, dt d put pub- t tz u dt t xt. tuvt u pt butzt. Cptu d uvtt tv u p-tu d tt. U tt u xt u pu u pt, d pt uvtt.A-z tt uv, tt ub pttt u tt v pzt ttpt d tt.

Rdu- Rpub Mdv, t uvt t pup dpt du d:

D uvt R.S.S. Mdvt d 23 u 1990;

D d dpd Rpub Mdv d 27 ugut 1991.Ut d p Republica Moldova este un stat suveran, indepen-

dent i democratic, liber s-i hotrasc prezentul i viitorul, fr niciun amestec dinafar, n conformitate cu idealurile i nzuinele sfinte ale poporului n spaiul istorici etnic al devenirii sale naionale htt p tgu ttus se aplicenumai Constituia, legile i celelalte acte normative adoptate de organele legal consti-tuite ale Republicii Moldova.

D pu zut up put tu ttuu dpdtu pt u t put d xt ptz p, ut dpb- ttuu pb.

b) UNITAR i INDIVIZIBILCuvtuunitar ttu ttuu, d put d vd tutu

tu. gtu u utu tg tutu d tt - ppu -t utzt ptu d gz tt put, udtt du u tutu d tt, t gz dttv ttuu. O t d p put du tg db ttvdt ut dttv-tt ubt u d. D t d-t d tutu d tt (u d gz tt) pt ttuu ut dttv-tt u p pt, ut ptu dt tt, dt tg, p pt. D t putd vd, tt pt : tt p, u ut, tt pu, u dtv.Sub ptu u, jtt but tt tp ut tt ut.M ut tt, tp tp, td u ttu d

v ttuu ut.Sttu t ut (pu) d pzt gu u tt, u u -g ttu u, u gu d d utt gtv, xutv jud-tt v t, put d duzt d tu1.

1 Et d t xt dd t u d stat unitard txtu -u d o d txtu u, gt d tdu td d b b u. N p d p tt zu t pb u ud b , d b ttuu, txtu u t vb d tdu (vzCttu RM).



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Caracteristicile principale ale statului unitar sunt:

gu u tt; u gu g ttu, tbt p Lg Sup Cttu; u gu d d g put d tt, dvzt put gtv, pu-

t xutv put judt, xt uttt p tguttu pt u tt ppu ;

gu t; guu ubt dptuu ttu t t ttu u.At, ttu ut p u tu pt u t dtt u u-

t d td ttuu, d uu t, d d guvt u dgu pt.

tp, tu ut ttuu u pb u pdgz ttuu, ub pt dttv, ut dttv-tt,

du ptvt pp ut dtz v pub.Autdt ut dttv-tt tuz d t g-

d ppu d ttu ptv (p ). Aut-t dt pub u ubdz put xutv t, ub upvgh dttv Guvuu , dtd tv-t d pvzut d g, u pt pu ttuu.

px u p tuu ut ttuu Rpub Mdv,Cttu p indivizibilitatea tu, d utu t dv dpu. Sttu t dvzb, u u pt pt tt u p ut ut tt (tt) tt t-u tt d (dtv). tdt, -tu dvzb zut d tu ut ttuu, ud u -ptv txtu ttu u dt tuz tu d tt ut.

Ctu d tt dvzb pupu ttu, p pt jud, upt upu u dvz gz ub pt dttv. Subdvzu t-t u t dttv u ut tt pt h tu d ut t pudt, tbu tbu z u tzt u tutu ttu Rpub Mdv.

2. A. (2) tbt d guvt ttuu d REPUBLIC. C- t dt ttu d ptt, ttuu upd t -t: 1) d guvt; 2) d gz tt (tutu ttuu);3) gu pt.

Forma de guvernmntdz du d gz gttuu, tbu v, tt pp tu bz ptu- dt t, p dt gu gut g xutv, uv

u ttuu1

.Structura de statdz gz put d tt ut t p-, d p u ut ttu, ptu p ttu t t- tut buu tt, pu gtu p dt tg p u pt.

Regimul politicpzt bu td, j, pd d p-tu put, xtt t t tu tu -pt,

1 I Du, Drept constituional i instituii politice: tratat, v. 1, Edtu Eup Nv, Bu-ut, 1996, p. 130.



17/575


vd u gt dptu bt ud-

t tt1.F ttuu, dt d dtt d t ( d guvt,

d gz tt, gu pt) u d xp, ttdu t d-ub gt d put d tt, d tbu t u ut tp t d tt. Dt dt, ptu t ttutv u tu p-t d tt tt tt pt d zu d -tt p p p-tp xt .

p t, d guvt tzz dtt d gz ttuu, tt pp tu bz ptu dtt , p, dt gu gut g xutv, uv u ttuu.

D put d vd d guvt vt tt ut mo-narhia republica.

Monarhia d guvt tzz p u ttuut hu (d gu , tzz put u p). M-hu, vd dt du g, , ut, h, , , dt, ptt. , d gu, d put p v tt dt u dt duppdu p u d td.

C d guvt, h t uut d vh tpu. vu h ut ut : h but, h tt,h pt dut, h pt tp.

Republica t d guvt put up p uu -g p u tp tt. P pu gu tv ut pbjud ptu tvtt .

F pub d guvt dbdt- SUA. Ht, uudt pth Cttu SUA, put 18 u 1787, Adu d Phdph, u du d v duu h gz, d - ut - vg p g d ptutt tu d. , -ptt pub d guvt, dtt, dup d guv-t, SUA d Ag.

Rpub, du , pt parlamentare u prezideniale.Republica parlamentar tzz p ptu pt u ttu-

u, t t d t pt, puzd u. C u, pzg uu d tt d ptuu (d xpu, It, Au-t, G, Fd t.).

Republica prezidenial tzz p g uu d tt d t -

t, dt (p vt uv, g, t b xpt), dt (ptdu g t d xpu, SUA).Fd d, pdt pub p pz g u

ptu. zu pub pzd, d ut , pdt ut xutvuu (SUA, d xpu), d u- xu u d guvuu.

utu tp, tt vt p pub pzd u p-t (xt). O t d td pzt u hbd: t

1 Ibd.



18/575


pub pzd b u t pub pt. tg-

u d guvt pt u, d xpu, F,R.

L tu dpt Cttu, Rpub Mdv d, dutb, t pub pzd. L tu 90, - pu d dupzd d guv, vdu- ut put Pd-tu Rpub. C u, u t tt p x Pt pt dg pvd d Cttu vu bt ptz tbu tPdt Rpub, Pt Guv.

d u, -u pu hb ttu, u t -tz Rpub Mdv p u t g d guvt. At, 5 u 2000, P-tu dptt Lg . 1115-XIV u pv d pt Ct-tu Rpub Mdv. Md Cttu u tt pt u P-dtu Rpub v Guvuu Ptuu.

N pvd ttu vzz tbu Pdtu Rpub, P-tuu Guvuu, du- :

g Pdtu d t Pt; dptu Ptuu d dt Pdt Rpub u vtu du t

d uu dput ; tg dptuu Pdtu d pzd d Guvuu p-

tp; xud bgt Pdtu Rpub d t P--

tu pb d dbt pt ptu ; dt d t Guv duu pt x Pt

pt d g p pzt ppu gtv dputptt d t; pbtt dpt d t Guv d, p dg gtv; gj pud Guvuu Ptuu up uu pg,

u d d pt g u uu pt d g; dpt g t htu d dup pt t d Gu-

v; dzv Ptuu zu u v g Pdt Rpub

dup g ptt.D tt, zut Rpub Mdv dvt u tt u u t

d guv pt. At uu u pud t. E ptt t d tbu v tut Pdtu Rpub Mdv.

O z tt dt ptu Pdt Rpub Mdv dpu d tbu dt Pdt F ( F, dt d ptu vtxpu d pub xt). At, Pdt Rpub Mdv dpu ddptu d tv gtv (Pdt z u dpu d t dpt), ptdzv Ptu t zu xp pvzut d Cttu. C pu p-t uz Rpub Mdv pt dt tu pu-b xt.

3. A. (3) pvd tbut v up ttuu. At, RpubMdv t:



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a) STAT DE DREPT

Dt- z dt dp tt, pvd u t ub ug ttt, pt bv ttu d dpt t u pt ut.Stg tt d dpt zut d b t tt dpt. t tt dpt xt put. Sttu dptu ttu utt d t. R-du- t pb, pu uvt N Pp z u-t: Dptu u d t tu p pu d xt du p tdu tvt d tt. P d t pt, ttu gtzz dptuu tgz d jud zt p tvt t1. Atpu, tp dptu uzz gu g bgt, p xtput d tt, ttu gu bgtvtt jud, tdu v.

t d d d, vd vtuu gh I Szb: pvt gtu dt tt dpt gh tbu pt

d t, t d vbt d dpt tt, uvtu dpt tbu pu t gh, ptu t z u t d dpt; d vbt,dptv, d dpt tt, tbutu tt u tbu pu gh, t d p, z, p tv ttuu t dptu. F tt uxt dpt2.

C pu pt uz ttu d dpt, tt d pt d xp, u t p b d uvt. E xp d upv put, d z d d t3.

Sttu d dpt tzz p ut ttu: t udtt p up g; pupu z tt g d t t (t, u, utt

pub, tt, gz tt t.); pvd pud p ttuu t, t tbt d

g; xt u d ttu (uv puu tt,

ptp utt pub guv, ut t- pb d t tt j t.);

ut gut dptu bt uu tuu; xt p dpd put.Pvd ttu, Rpub Mdv t u tt d

dpt, tbu tptt u t d uu, u scop p ttutu td.

tp, tbu ut ptu ttu d dpt u v u p

t tu txtu ttu. C uu tt d dptt u p, p u put up d tt, put ut u t pt. Nu p t u v dvt d tt-u tt d dpt t v xt v put dt t.

1 N Pp, Teoria general a dreptului, Edtu At, Buut, 1996, p. 100.2 I Szb, Les ondements de la thorie du droit, Akd Kd, Budpt, 1973, p. 114.3 I Du, Drept constituional i instituii politice: tratat, v. 1, Edtu Eup Nv,

Buut, 1996, p. 103.



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b) STAT DEMOCRATIC

Stg ,,tt dt tzz gu pt t ttuu.Regimul politic include ansamblul metodelor i mijloacelor de conducere a soci-

etii, ansamblu care privete att raporturile dintre stat i individ, ct i modul ncare statul asigur i garanteaz drepturile subiective.

D put d vd guu pt, dtg du tg d tt: tt ugu pt dt tt u gu pt utt (ttt).

Democraia pzt, u zut d u tu uvt, dguv g pt put p ppuu. D t, d tdt guv ppuu, p pp ptu pp. D g-u dt tzz p ut ttu , u, p pu-, d p xt ut ptd u pg pp uz xt put. D bzz p g, p vt uv, ptu d-

pzt ppuu gz put. t- d tppu jt, ht dpt p bz vtuu j-t. D , gu dt tzz p btt u-t pz. D ptu xt u d t u -btt dt p, pg pt pbtt t put uuptd u u ptd u t ptd (u t ptd) d pz pt dvptd d guvt. At pupu btt d t pt d guv d ppu u pg ttv.

D gu dt pupu xt tt dptuuu, d t tbu gtz dptu bt udtt Cttu. Dgu, tt t tt tbu u ttu put ut pu ujb t, uu. Sttu g , g put, ubdz t dvduu, tu pu p t-tuu ttput, pv, dt.

t d d d, t tv ut d Spz, utz d pd dv. vzu u Spz, ttu dt pp ut d t tu t g uz, u jud z pt- ht u; d tut u pt v u t xt p, u ut gt b put d g p tut ut pb, zvdu- dptu d hb tu d v vd b t. P u, u t gdu pu btt dgd, u tt dpt ut d t tu , , u ttguv dv vt1.

c) Un stat n care demnitatea omului, drepturile i libertile lui, libera dezvoltarea personalitii umane, dreptatea i pluralismul politic reprezint valori supreme i suntgarantate (alin. 3).

Cttu Rpub Mdv pu pt u ut ttu tu. R ut bz ut pp u uut.At pp, u t tt dt Cttu, ubg, ut:

) uvtt dptu, bt dt udt;b) ttvtt g;

1 Spz, Tratatul teologico-politic, Edtu t , Buut, 1960, p. 303.



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) gtt dptu t;

d) up u d dtt pub u d p u tRpub Mdv;

) pt t Rpub Mdv ttt;) pt jud t t ptz;g) t Rpub Mdv u pt xtd u xpuz d ;h) ptt gt t d ;) u b jut;j) tu d xp tg xuu u dptu u bt.B, pt pt jut v u u d put d

vd Lg Sup, d pptv g. D t dt, du v xg d d uu v bdt pb tu tdpd t ut. Ppu-z, dpt, btt -

t ttu bg dpt g pvd p-t tpu v t pvd. p u tv, tdptu bt v d u d.

Cttu tptz dptu bt uu v up -t.

V ut t p pt ptu ut t t.V xp pu dt d , d tvtt u u bt, -, p, u t. D t dt, v pt dt xp pu dt u uu, u, p, -u d t utt u vtut u pd u t du gt d t1.

Du v tzz pt- putt d v d ptu

p. Dup tu duu, db ut v: v economice (vu, pptt, but, pptt); v politice (d, btt, pu); vjuridice (dptt, gtt, pbtt); v morale (b, t, dt, ); v artistice (u, , tg, ub); v tiinifice (dv, ttud, btvtt); v filozofice (pu, , u, d); v religioase (u, dv)2.Spu v jud t ut:. v jud pzt u u gd dt d obiectivitate ut bilate-

rale, tu zd p dt dvz;b. v jud u u t coercitiv. E vb d p u,

d d pvd d bgtu u zu ut -t;

. t tt v jud t imperativitatea;d. t, pt vdt ttu d generalitate v jud3.

1 Ctt St, Compendiu de ilosoia dreptului, Edtu Lu Lx, Buut, 1999, p. 213.2 Id, p. 215.3 I B, Valorile dreptului i logica intenional, Edtu Sv-St, Ad, 1996, p. 115-118.



22/575


S dptuu t tut d tv v udt dt- putt

d v tut, pu ujb dt. V d t dreptatea, v jud tt ut: gtt, gttt, htt, ptt, - t.

Dreptatea u uz xp p, ut ptdptu t u dvd d tt. Dptt u pt vzut ut d v. E xp p ptu v u t dvt d tg-dut, u pt t dt t dt d u z tu u d p t. Dptt t u ptu t. tdt, pvd ttu bg ttutt tt tbu tb dpt, tzd p z- p tu dzdt.

Pluralismul politic. xtu ttu ptu p dt puut-u t, ddu- pluralism politic, pupu xt tt u put u, t pu, xt ut ptd u upt u vzu p dt ttu z dg d ttt d pt ttuu. Ptu pt, puu pt g ptuu u t ptd u v p u g, pu-d gt u .

Puu pt t d pt jud pt dtbu pu-t t -pt dpdt, t putd t b p t dv, d d p, pt u h t. Fptu Cttu u ut pvd xp t t d pu dt pt,u u xt u t tz puu z, utu, tt, d-, g t.

uz, txtu ttu t. 1 t u txt dp, g, u txt-du, utpt, dt tzt tt t -t Cttu Rpub Mdv.

Jurisprudena Curii Constituionale:

HCC d 06.11.1995, MO . 65-66/750 d 24.11.1995HCC . 35 d 12.12.1995, MO . 2-3 d 11.01.96, CHD 1995-96, p. 88HCC . 12 d 02.10.1996, MO . 67-68 d 17.10.1996, d, p. 111HCC . 23 d 21.07.1997, MO . 51-52 d 07.08.1997, CHD 1997, p. 171HCC . 9 d 03.03.1997, MO . 18 d 20.03.1997, d, p. 189HCC . 16 d 19.05.1997, MO . 37 d 05.06.1997, d, p. 209HCC . 36 d 08.12.1997, MO . 86-87 d 25.12.1997, d, p. 237

HCC . 40 d 22.12.1997, MO . 6-7 d 29.01.1998, d, p. 237HCC . 2 d 19.01.1998, MO . 12-13/8 d 19.02.1998HCC . 6 d 05.02.1998, MO . 22-23 d 12.03.1998, C.H.D 1998, p. 229HCC . 7 d 17.02.1998, MO . 26-27 d 26.03.1998, d, p. 94HCC . 12 d 16.04.1998, MO . 44-46 d 21.05.1998, d, p. 116HCC . 20 d 02.07.1998, MO . 69 d 23.07.1998, d, p. 242HCC . 21 d 02.07.1998, MO . 69 d 23.07.1998, d, p. 41HCC . 2 d 28.01.1999, MO . 16-18/6 d 18.02.1999HCC . 3 d 29.01.1999, MO . 16-18/7 d 18.02.1999



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ARTICOLUL 2 SUVERANITATEA I PUTEREA DE STAT 23

HCC . 4 d 04.02.1999, MO . 22-23-12 d 04.03.1999

HCC . 41 d 20.07.1999, MO . 80-82/52 d 29.07.1999HCC . 43 d 27.07.1999, MO . 83-86/53 d 05.08.1999HCC . 7 d 13.02.2001, MO . 19-20/6 d 22.02.2001HCC . 10 d 19.02.2002, MO . 33-35/3 d 07.03.2002HCC . 28 d 14.12.2004, MO . 241/29 d 27.12.2004

Articolul 2

SUVERANITATEA I PUTEREA DE STAT

(1) Suveranitatea naional aparine poporului Republicii Moldova, care o exer-

cit n mod direct i prin organele sale reprezentative, n formele stabilite de Con-stituie.

(2) Nicio persoan particular, nicio parte din popor, niciun grup social, niciunpartid politic sau o alt formaiune obteasc nu poate exercita puterea de stat nnume propriu. Uzurparea puterii de stat constituie cea mai grav crim mpotrivapoporului.

Comentariu

tu t. 2 d Cttu t Suvtt put d tt. E tut t d , pu d, ppu dt d utttgt, u p uvtt . d d, vd

ptu ttuu, ptt d t , d gu xut d upu p v ppuu p pzt dtuu bz uz. D t, ptu d tt tuhpz dt put ttuu.

1. Auttt pub xuv u uv (uvtt) t t-t t ttuu. Put t u gt d uttt, tz-z p: pbtt d d tvtt u v up,d d, d d d tt d upu t z. Atuttt t d vh tpu. L put, t pt u tvt u ptv (gt, tb, uu d tbu t.) put -t t ( db, ut, vtz, g ut t.), utpu uttt tbudu- p d put u xt.

Put z ub ut . E pt pt u pt,

tt u tt t. tt zu, put pupu pz pu ddvz (d xpu, tt tp t Rb Cu - t gu p u, u uguu, u put vb d put. O put p d dtu p u V). tt zu, put pvt dt du v ttut t, v pt d tu , g, pt,jud t.

t- tt xt ut tg d put: put u ptd, putu gz -pt t. Put tt t utt. E -pt ut ttu:



24/575


) t u tbut ttuu dt u . At t-

zz dv ttu pt-jud (utt pub, t, p t.);b) u t pt;) g d p;d) d pu tg: u pbtt -

tg dpu d ptu d tg;) put d tt t uv.At d u ttu uvtt t ptt.u uvtt t t ptu p dt u pju z Ct-

tu z d 1791, d t jutu z Ct , dt- d btt tv t. L tp tp, uvtt tdt tt vt d dptu ttuu d du tt, d tbptu u t tt.

A. (1) Cttu Rpub Mdv pvd ut: Suvtt p ppuu Rpub Mdv, xt d dt pg pzttv, tbt d Cttu.

Suvtt t dptu ppuu d ht dtup t d pv z d tght. At pputtu dv jt d t. 1 Cttu, tu uv- ttuu.

Suvtt zut d ptu poporul Republicii Moldova t u-u dt uv put. t txt ttu, p pp u gu tttt ut d u ppu t. Ptvt uu tbutp Cttu, pp tvtt d dvz u tt d t p t u pttud d ptp xp v . Ch

t , tg d pp t p g, d u t u tt dt pt ptp tv xp v g , d d-t d dtu p, d t d pu t dv tt gz ppuu.

Suvtt , u t pvzut Cttu, putbut pptu ppuu, put pt, d put pd ppuu,put d tt, dt uv t.

Puterea politic pt ut caractere, u : unitatea, t p ptu du uvt

p uu pp t u u pt t d t uvtt. tt-p d uvtt p u dvd tu, u, u tttg, ttt u;

deplintatea, ptu uvtt u pt -tt bt xtt buzv. Suvtt u pt xt p upt xtt p;

inalienabilitatea, t ppu u pt t dtv v-b uvtt uu gup u p;

indivizibilitatea, v uvtt u pt dvzt t-p put xtt pt u d t;

imprescriptibilitatea, t gtu u btt ptu uvtt xt tt tp t xt naiunea.



25/575


At t dtz upt db dt popor naiune, -

td ppu pt u dt u ut t t, p du t pptu tp.

xtu ttu xpu tz du tt: legtura dintre po-por (naiune) i puterea de stat (puterea public) i formulrile cu care se opereaz, t d tv tg putere, suveranitate naional aparinepoporului.

pu z, u popor u stat, pvt ub pt jud, p ubt dtt d dpt. Dup u - t u, ttu t, t- pg, ttt pu d ttu, ppu uvtt, t-u -t up d gz ppuu, ttut d ptu tt xt put. Ppu d put pt , ptu xt, z ttu,u t d utt pub.

d- d z, tbu vd u dt puterea de stat dt t tv dt ttu. Evdt, ttu u t tv dt gz tt put ppuu, ttuz t put. Fu pp ttu-u ( put d tt) t d xp, pv z v ppuu ub d v g bgt.

S pu t uz put pt (uvtt ) pppuu, uz dubtb, d, z t, xt -p ppuu xt ut uvt dt t , tu pt pvt d dzd -pt u budtt.C t d uvtt , pt dtt uputerea de stat, dtu (ttuu) u t ppu.

Ctt put pt t u ut vb ptu putd tt, t vd ut ttu p, dt : t put t d t pp u g xt du

d tt; t put d d d tg; t put gzt; t put up tu ttuu dpdt d t put

d tt; t tt p dptu bt tt uut gtt d

g up; t vb,ppu vd dptu u dtu ptu pz-

t 1.

t-u tt jud, pt pu put d tt t put dtz, d btj, xtpt; put v ptt tp2.

Et t ptt dt t ttu g xg g- p tbu tu put d tt. At xg ut: gtt,gttt, pt puuu pt d ttu.

1 Ct Iu, op. cit., v. I, p. 287.2 D Cudu D, Drept constituional i instituii politice, v. I, Edtu Eup, Cv,

1995, p. 39-41.



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d , put d tt, du- t gtu u tt, pt

xt up tutu put u, gud pzt p- t dt tg gupu v tt. Iu pu- tbu gt, t d pvd tbt p g. uz, v ut d t xtt uvtt p ttu.

Ppu Rpub Mdv xt uvtt n mod direct i prinorganele sale reprezentative.

t-u tt d dpt dt, dt ppuu uz zprin popor i pentru popor, d u ppu t ttuu uvt -. tuu uvt u pt xt tuu d dt. C ut tp, put ttuu t xtt u ppuu d t ut g-, ut dgt u ptv pt- utz g, ttp g u g pzttv.

Ext uvt n mod direct d t pp p ptp u duu g, pu p u d dt u dz.

Rduu, u pvd ttu, pzt upd xt uvt , p pu t (gt) t ht dd up dpt u g udt (d d dpz g- Cttu, p xpu) u - xp v t pb d t (t. 75 d Cttu).

Ext uvt ppuu zz prin organele sale reprezentati-ve. Vd t Cttu u xt pz t u g u.E t gu p xt uvtt u organreprezentativ.

Rpzttv ut g b z dt pp-uu, ud dz u -u dt dtu ptv.Cttu g pzttv: Ptu (t. 60-76);

p (t. 112-113). Rpzttvtt gu p g, d Cttu tbt utt u-t ut p vt uv, g,dt, t b xpt.

Vtu t tutu jud d vt u pgtv g utt pu-b, dg t xt tu uvt .

Ext uvt d dt p g pzttv pt v u tbt d Constituie.

Stpu ptv d tb ptu uvtt upt xtt bt. At, xt n mod direct uvt, ppu

pt ptp u tbt d Cttu, d p du (t. 75), tuz dtt pvzut d g.

Ext uvt ppuu prin organele sale reprezentative pupu g pzttv z ( g) tt u pvd Ct-tu, g t tvtt d du ttbt d Cttu d g ptv.

2. A. (2) pvd: nicio persoan particular, nicio parte din popor, niciun grupsocial, niciun partid politic sau o alt ormaiune obteasc nu poate exercita puterea destat n nume propriu.



27/575


Ptu g u pvd uz, t , t, dzvu

u utzt p pt txtuu. At:Nupersoan particularxp v , u t d tt.

D u v p, put hd , ub pt jud, u dp ptu ptz tt p z, t jud, pvt ttu d dptu bg.

Nuparte din popordv d ptu xt uvt -, ttu xt put d tt ppu ptp u tt tg, -d utt dvzb p, - pt pzt v ug p tguu pp. Put t u gu u gtz.U ut gup d p pt d t g, t p ut t Rpub Mdv, d gupu ptv pt d ppu u pt tpd u d xt u p d put, p

d- pp.Nugrup social ptz utt d dvz ut u p

t, v d dut u t- tu p bzt t. It, du , ut dtt d d d- tvtt gupuu ptv. Gupu tutuz -t dt p ppu bg t d dz pt t d pt u ut u p tpd. Gupu ut btt ptu , pu ut t. Dvzptv u t vzb u pvzut xp t. Gup u ptpjt v pt dt tbu ttuu, u u gzb dtt gtt, d put d u pt ttuu tu t .

Nu partid politicdt d t ttu p bzut d p, du pu, tbu z v p-t u ut p d ppu , p pzt, ptp b- pt du ttuu u pb -utu. A u organizaie social-politic, pttv t, g, pt d 1.

Nu alt formaiune obteasc pvt gz dpdt t-, ttut p pp d t, t dt pt, u btt, p, utu, dt, uu t. Fu btt tvz tt u pu u ttut , ud bu pu-b. U pt vb dp ptu b u btt.

xtu ttu xp td xt put d tt uppu. Dt d t pt, uu dt ub (p, gupu, u btt t.), h d t vb d p u d tutu d du put d tt, u pt - xt pgtv d d ttud v xuv. t tpd d t put dtt (d pzt t put) u ttuu ppuu Rpub- Mdv.

1 A vd t pvd Lg . 718-XII d 17.09.1991 pvd ptd tgz -pt.



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Pt du tuu txtuu ttu dv d ppu t

t, u put d tt u pt xtt u ppu. xtu uz t phbtv, u uzup put d tt t tz, d , pzt gv ptv ppuu.

Uzurparea puterii de stat p put d tt d t -u (upu, ubd) g uu ut ubt, tu dt ppu ttu. D t tbt ttu d gv ptv ppu-u, uzup put d tt t pvzut xp u g p, t d ut pvd g p z t pt dvd p put, d xt bt u ppu.

Dreptul internaional, de asemenea, consider c uzurparea puterii reprezint onclcare direct a democraiei, o crim internaional deosebit de grav.

Jurisprudena Curii Constituionale:HCC d 06.11.1995, MO . 65-66/750 d 24.11.95, CHD 1995-96, p. 75HCC d 21.12.1995, MO . 2-3/35 d 11.01.95, d, p. 88HCC d 02.04.1996, MO . 25/17 d 25.04.1996HCC . 31 d 10.11.1997, MO . 77-78/33 d 27.11.1997HCC . 36 d 08.12.1997, MO . 86-87 d 25.12.1997, C.H.D 1997, p. 237HCC . 15 d 27.05.1998, MO . 54-55 d 18.06.1998, C.H.D 1998, p. 132HCC . 21 d 02.07.1998, MO . 69 d 23.07.1998, d, p. 41HCC . 36 d 10.12.1998, MO . 111-113 d 17.12.1998, d, p. 216HCC . 57 d 03.11.1999, MO . 124-125/68 d 11.11.1999HCC . 1 d 11.01.2000, MO . 8-9/3 d 20.01.2000

HCC . 41 d 07.12.2000, MO . 157-159/44 d 21.12.2000HCC . 16 d 29.03.2001, MO . 43/16 d 12.04.2001HCC . 10 d 19.02.2002, MO . 33-35/3 d 07.03.2002

Articolul 3

TERITORIUL

(1) Teritoriul Republicii Moldova este inalienabil.(2) Frontierele rii sunt consfinite prin lege organic, respectndu-se principi-

ile i normele unanim recunoscute ale dreptului internaional.

Comentariu

At t d d pp u uut dt pt dptuu t pub d dptu ttu j-t tt.

tu, tut d p ttu, vt , pu u ppuut dt p t tu gz pt-tt d- up tt ttuu pt tgt uvt, bgd tt



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ARTICOLUL 3 TERITORIUL 29

u du tg tgt tt, ptu pt t dvzbtt tt-

uu u t u pt .Teritoriul ca spaiu, d tb gu d t d xt

tvt u, u pd p, dzvt tpu- d gz vu t.

Teritoriul, ca element esenial , vu ttu pp -u tt, t xp t xt dptuu utdt1.

Teritoriul de stat t tg t-jud, d du t ttuu, tbu zt u u u gg, pu d upt tg pt t-jud. dt dptuu t ut uut ut p pvd tu jud ttuu dtt, dbd d d tt, xz ptu tt-ttu2:

pt ttuu bt dptuu d pptt;

ttuu-ubt pt d d ttu t u t -ttutv pt jud ttuu;

ttuu-bt u up ttuu pt xt p tt du dptu: 1) dptu pptuu; 2) dptu ttuu x-t uvtt up tguu ttu;

ttuu-t, ptvt ttu pzt u pu dxt put tt t t u tv guv;

pt pzt u t d gu jud tbt d dptut, pb ttuu d tt, d pt p ttuu du d vdtt d tt.

dt tu, g ptt, ttu t dt pu tttutv ttuu, pzt pu xt pt ttuu zz gz u pt jud.

tu d tt t tut d u, ubu, p t uv, u, -, u, t, p t t , d dupuu p.

Teritoriul terestru. Su ubu t ub uvtt uu tt, dtd u ud ut tut tu ttu ttu. At ttu pt -pu d ut p pt t d t ub uvtt ttuu.

Solul tu pp ttuu t tut d utu (ptu) tub uvtt but xuv ttuu.

Subsolul pt tt u td p d b p-tu xpt. Sttu xt uvtt dp xuv up tu

u - pt xp xpt bg, pt tu tuu, pt tdut bu t., vd z3 u dzvt u tvt - u d t tu.

Teritoriul acvatic. Fuv, u, , u, t p -t t tu ttu vt ttuu. u p -

1 Mh Mu, N Ohu,Aspecte teoretice i practice ale teritoriului de stat i ron-tierelor n dreptul internaional, Edtu AXA, Bt, 2007, p. 19-44.

2 Id, p. 44-58.3 At. 3 d Cdu ubuu Rpub Mdv (. 1511-XII d 15.06.1993).



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ptv ut tut tg p ttu ttuu, ut pt tu

ttu ttu xt up uvtt dp.Cursurile de ap z t d tt t du u ut tt

u tu. Cuu d p tvz tt du u ut tt u uv.

Apele maritime t upd p ptuu (vtu), z ptuu, gu- b t, p t t t tt1.M tt ub uvtt dp ttuu v.

Spaiul aerian pzt d dup uu ttuu -vt ttuu u dt p zt tuz p t tt,uv t, p vt td p t puu x-tttu, tt pxtv 100-110 k dup vuu 2.

Sttutu jud puu , bz ppuu uvt ttuu up

, t gtt p Cv d P d 1919, p Cv d Chgd 1944 t v utt. bz t gt, ttu tbt -gu d zb, dt d du tvt , d du tvt , td u pb d pu u .

A. (1) t tu b ttuu Rpub Mdv, -btt t u t jud udt ttuu t tt t uuu d t. 1 . (1) Rpub Mdv t u tt uv dpdt,ut dvzb.

P bt ttuu , t d tt, tzt tu ub . Abd, pd p pp, u-, d, vz d ttu ut ptb u ppu t d C-ttu, d ut u vt.

Ibtt , d , pbtt u t tt d x-t tbut d put up ttuu ttuu.

Ppu bt ttuu ttuu z bg d ptt dt tt t, pu bg d pt du pp udtd dpt t u btt t gt dub: tgtt t-t tt vbtt t d tt. At pp ut uuut pp udt d dpt t, pp t Ct ONU, Atu F CSCE d Hk (1 ugut 1975), Ct d P ptu Eup Nu (1990), D Muu dptt d AG ONU (ptb 2000).Obg d pt t pp t t ttu jt ttdt, uv t. 8 d Cttu Rpub Mdv.

M t tt, pt t, tvt t

tt, ut uut dptu t tp u d ut ud-tt p du b xpt tt tuz tu pp,- xt dptu utdt, pt-u du, d -ut ppu3.

1 M tt pzt p dt uu, vd u pt dp12 (1 .. = 1852 ), ut d d bz ( u ux d- u-gu uu u, dup z, dpt u put vtj uu).

2Drept internaional public, Ed III- (vzut dugt), Chu, 2009, p. 162-165.3 Mh Mu, N Ohu, op. cit., p. 72-122.



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ARTICOLUL 3 TERITORIUL 31

tu ttuu tbu dtt d ttu tt v, d

dh d pu ptu tb t td uvt ttuu jud . Dt p t d tt. t , . (2)p Frontierele rii sunt consinite prin lege organic, respectndu-se principiilei normele unanim recunoscute ale dreptului internaional.

Ft d tt g Rpub Mdv ptu ut u g dpt, p ut p p, ttu Rpub Mdv dttu tt v: R ud-vt U d-t. p vt,t dpt pu ubu Rpub Mdv d p g tt v. Lt d 100-110 k dpt pu ttuu d pu.Ftup u ptt ttt, tb p-d p d g.

Avd vd ptu t pzt t jud puu tt ttu xt uvtt1, t d t gu t. Ft, dup tu , pt : naturale, xp ptutgg xtt b u, v, , t t; geometrice, tbtp dpt. Ft Rpub Mdv ut tu.

Dup t pt ttuu, t ut: terestre, dtdutu dt tt v; fluviale, dtd uvu u u dt du tt v-; maritime, d xt tt t t pt u tt v; aeriene, ut ppdu d vu t- d p p t t puu xtt. Rpub Mdvu t t. Ft dt tt t ut tbt p dupu: dt d. Dt d t

utu tttuu, tbd d dpu g t, d dtu xt p ht t pt pt tttuu.D pzt x t t, ptvt dt tb-

t p ttt. Stt-p z C xt d d t, uut tbu: tz t tttuu; xz d d; t dut d d dt d t duu; dt d utz j uu d p, p-u pvd t d t.

C uz t, t tt tz p dttd : uv p ju uu, p vgb pp u p tvguuu; p u t bz d p, t tz p dpt utxt tt; p pdu, t tz p d j u p xu

thg.Ad, t d tt Rpub Mdv ut t p g -

g, tt u pvd ttt ht u tt v. Atu-t, Rpub Mdv ht ttu d t u U t 18.08.1999, tt d Ptu Rpub Mdv p Lg . 343-XV d12.07.2001, tt vg d 18.11.2001. L 08.11.2010 t t ttu dt u R.

1 Lg . 108-XII d 17.05.1994.



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R dpt u g g ptu t d tt v-

dz pt u gt upzt u pv t d tt.Md t d tt d pt t d p g g.

Rpub Mdv, Lg pvd t d tt Rpub Mdv. 108-XIII d 17.05.19941 t upu u utp d. Pt g g, u t tbt gt upzt d -t d tt, gu u jud, tbu g d g pvd pz u-pvgh t, gz u put d t ptu tt, tu tuu, u, u t tvt z d t-, pud u.

R txt pp u uut dp-tuu t u vd, p t, pu d, z ppudt dptuu t pub t t.

Pp udt t t d tt ut tzt pt- d pp p, t p v t gu-vz gu jud t dt tt, pu pb vz d -t ut , dv gjt t tt d b bt tuu d dgu, tuu t, tuu d u, t pt pzt u p dbt ptu ut tt, h ptutt utt t. S u vd, vdt, t t tt ptu p dp u p , tt ddpt, pu u t d t u v (ptu Rpub Md-v, t , R U).

Sut ptt uut d utz u d t tt up d ttu uu tt. C tv, p t, ut dptuu t: t, , p, uv, ut, ug.


HCC . 35 d 21.12.1995, MO . 2-3 d 11.01.1996; CHD 1995-1996 p. 88HCC d 11.07.1996, MO . 49-50/34 d 25.07.1996DCC . 5 d 24.09.2002, MO . 137-138/25 d 10.10.2002HCC . 1 d 15.03.2010, MO . 41-43 d 26.03.2010

Articolul 4

DREPTURILE I LIBERTILE OMULUI(1) Dispoziiile constituionale privind drepturile i libertile omului se inter-

preteaz i se aplic n concordan cu Declaraia Universal a Drepturilor Omului,cu pactele i cu celelalte tratate la care Republica Moldova este parte.

(2) Dac exist neconcordane ntre pactele i tratatele privitoare la drepturilefundamentale ale omului la care Republica Moldova este parte i legile ei interne,prioritate au reglementrile internaionale.

1 MO . 12/107 d 13.11.1994.



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ARTICOLUL 4 DREPTURILE I LIBERTILE OMULUI 33

Comentariu

ut d, dzbt t pvd dptu -bt udt uu u ut p dbt.

Dtt pup pt d t pb tt t v-, ptu dptu uu t ptt d ut u d -bu t ttu pt: ) g pt xt ttutuu u dt ptz ; b) ut j- pt, jud, ptu gt tu ttut;) gt tu ttut p u dvt d pdp v-v d dptu bt t tutu .

Dptu uu u ju zt d pd p ut t pu bz dptuu t t-

p.Cttu Rpub Mdv dptu bt uu t. 4 u t . M t. 4 u gtz ppu-z dptu- bt udt, t d btu tuu II d gupt t pt.

At. 4 gtz ptu t t jud t t dp-tu bt udt uu dptu , du d p dptuu pt u pp t t utt tttt RM t pt.

L z . (1), t dt: 1) ce se are n vedere prin formuladispoziiile constituionale privind drepturile i libertile omuluii 2)ce se are nvedere prin formula conform creia aceste dispoziii constituionale se interpreteaz

i se aplic n concordan cu Declaraia Universal a Drepturilor Omului, cu pactelei cu celelalte tratate la care Republica Moldova este parte.

1. P dpz ttu pvd dptu bt uu tbu g dptu bt udt up tu II, Cptu I.Dpz g, t. 15-23, Cptu II. Dptu bt udt,t. 24-54.

Pd d d u xt dptu bt dt, u gt ud dpz ttu uz tptt pt - pvd t dt udt tput Cptu III,t. 55-59. Ou t u u u ttu d dptu bt, d p bg pud jud, dt d ptu d t dv d dptu tt, d pp u uut dptuu t-

u d ttt Rpub Mdv t pt.Pvd ttu t dptu bt udt

uu u ut tv dt dptu bt udt uu, tu Rpub Mdv dpt Cttu ttuu u uuut tt d ppu udt d dpt t pub, dt t-u u put d tut jud u t uv g. Rpub Mdv u - gt, xtd pd ptv u-bt d dpt t, dt - ptt g -, uv Cttu Rpub Mdv.



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2. A. (1) tpuz dpz ttu t dptu uu

tptz p d u: D Uv Dptu Ouu; pt Rpub Mdv t pt; t ttt Rpub Mdv t pt.Uz tz tu jud t dt. pu d, C-

ttu D Uv Dptu Ouu ( tu D-), t dptt d Adu G ONU p Rzu . 217/A/III d10 db 1948. Et pu dut t pt, u, d -, dptu bt udt tbu gtt u, put un ideal comun atins pentru toate popoarele i toate naiunile. P -utu u txtu p t bt dptt, D dvtu dut d , utzt ptu dt u ut ptt

pt t dptu uu uut p p t.P tu , D t u dut pt , ptv, u put

bgt, xpd d u d. D u p jud, t ut pt, tpttv, pgtt tu ptu d dptu bt udt uu.

Et t D, p ptu u up gt ut, d-bdt u ttb ptgu pt , p u t dut d - vgu u - vut. D D ttu u dut pg-t, ttv, d t ptu d u u dtt dptuut, xpt p Ptu u pv dptu v pt Ptuu pv dptu , utu, dptt d Adu G Nu Ut p 16 db 1966 p Rzu 220/A /221, u tt vg d 3 u 1976 , ptv, 23 t 1976. At u t tt pHt Ptuu RSSM d 28 u 1990, . 217-XII (p p I-dpd), vg ptu RM d 24 p 1993.

D pt z -ut Ct It DptuOuu, , d put d vd , u xt dut u. pu d, d u t dut udt tbu tptt dptu bt udt uu Rpub Mdv.

du ONU, u t dptt u dut t pvdp, gt pt dptu uu, pt gupt dup p-u gt1: dptu utdt; dptu ppu utht -t; upt t d; upt t ttu, ttt ud, u,

dgdt; upt t v u t; dptu ; dptu puu;dptu p vt; dptu p u dzbt; dptu but,pg, dzvt.

Ptvt Ct ONU, ptu pv uj ptuu d dp-tu bt udt ptu t d, g pp ONU: Adu G, Cu d Sutt, Cut It d Jut Cu E S ut btt u ut pt t dptuuu.

1Drept internaional public, Ed III- (vzut dugt), Chu, 2009, p. 242-243.



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ARTICOLUL 4 DREPTURILE I LIBERTILE OMULUI 35

Cu E S ONU u t t g ux t g-

p t dptu uu: tu Ct ptu Dptu Ouu: Rzu AG ONU 48/141 d

07.01.19911; Cu ptu Dptu Ouu g tguvt t d -

pzt 47 d tt-b ONU, t p Rzu AG ONU 60/251d 15.03.20062;

tu Ct ONU ptu ug (ICNUR), t p Rzu AGONU 319/IV d 3.12.19493, pzt Rpub Mdv.

Mjtt v t u t d uvtt tb p-p d vu tz gduu d pt dpztput d t tt-p.

P tg t ttt RM t pt uz g -

tut jud u t g, pu d, Cv up ptup dptu uu bt udt, dptt R p 4 -b 1950.

Cv up t t d t RM p 13 u 1995 tt pHt Ptuu . 1298-XIII d 24 u 1997. P t ht u ttt Pt d . 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 11, tut d t. 23/97 d 01.09.1997. Cv Pt tt ut vg ptu RMd 12.09.19974.

P tu jud, Cv up ptu p dptu uu bt udt pzt u ttt t utt u tg, vtut u tt -u ut ut bg jud. CEDO txt dt p Pt d. 1959, p Cv t -

t Cut Eup Dptu Ouu. du Cuu Eup, u t dptt t u tut,

u g pp d tz pt pvd t, pp- d: Cv Cuu Eup ptu pt p t p-u uttzt dt u t p d 28 u 1981, vgd 01.10.1985 (Rpub Mdv tt Cv p Ht Ptuu. 483-XIV d 02.07.1999) Ptu d Cv d 2001 (statul nostru,n momentul de a, ndeplinete procedurile interne pentru semnarea Protocolului men-ionat); Cv up ptu pv ttu pdp u ttt- u u dgdt d 26 b 1987, ptt p Pt . 1 2 d 04.11.1993, vg d 01.03.2003; Cv-du ptu pt -t d 01.02.1998; Cv up up xt dptu

p d 25.12.1996, vg d 01.07.2000; Ct up vzutd 05.05.1996; Cv ptu dptu uu dt u d p bg d d 04.04.1997, vg d 01.12.1999; Cvup u pv pt p t xpt buzu xu d25.10.2007, vg d 01.07.2010.

1 http://ddd.u.g/UNDO/GEN/N94/012/57/PDF.2 Id GEN /N05/502/67/IMC/N0550267/.3 http://www.u.g/g-b/tx/vtx/h.4 MO . 44-55 d 21.08.1997.



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A. (1) t. 4 d Cttu pt uz p tpt

p pvd ttu t dptu uu du t t du RM t pt vd : d dt tt zu d dd t g t Rpub Mdv dv d dpz ttu, d uz u tpt u p -t, v p t t, buu d ptt.

Cupu . (2) u t dvt . (1), gut jud -tu, ttud ptt gt t z d d tg t RM pt ttt t pt.

S pu pz ptt: u ptt u gt d pt ttt Rpub Mdv t pt.

Cu tt t, t d t ttt t dptuuu, p RM z u d, u dv bgt ptu g

ttuu, uv t judtt, dt d u t tdu dptu tp pdu t, u pvd t. 11 . (1) d Lg pvd tttt RM, . 595-XIV d 24.09.19991.

Cutu . (2) uz tptt gtu dub u t. 8 dCttu, gtz, d, dt dptu t RM dp-tu t.

A. (2) d t. 4 t ptu ttt t dptu uu pt u dptu t, pu pbtt p dt dptu t - t t dptu uu. At pz t t p Ht Cu Cttu RM. t p, t ut ttu tu dv pt u t d ttt p d t. Pvdtu ttt dv bgt u d tu tu d t u dd t t pt- g d t, pubt Mtu O.

pvt t t u dptu uu, -tpt v t. 8 Cttu.

uz, txtu ttu zt tptt u- j, pptv p pvd tput. At, ttdud v x v dpt pt d g, tbu upu u vupt ptu tt dp d u t t t dptu uu RM t pt. tdt, dup t vg t t, g t tbu tdu d pu dt t.


HCC . 168 d 21.02.1996, MO . 14-15 d 07.03.1996HCC . 12 d 02.10.1996, MO . 67-68 d 17.10.1996HCC . 9 d 03.03.1997, MO . 18 d 20.03.1997HCC . 19 d 10.06.1997, MO . 43-44 d 03.07.1997HCC . 19 d 06.06.1998, MO . 66-68 d 16.07.1998HCC . 38 d 15.12.1998, MO . 12 d 07.01.1998HCC . 55 d 14.10.1999, MO . 118-119/64 d 28.10.1999

1 MO . 24-26/137 d 02.03.2000.



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ARTICOLUL 5 DEMOCRAIA I PLURALISMUL POLITIC 37

HCC . 72 d 23.12.1999, MO . 1-4/1 d 06.01.2000

HCC . 22 d 02.10.2007, MO . 161-164/19 d 12.10.2007HCC . 27 d 25.11.2010, MO . 247-251/28 d 17.12.2010HCC . 26 d 23.11.2010, MO . 235-240/27 d 03.12.2010

Articolul 5

DEMOCRAIA I PLURALISMUL POLITIC

(1) Democraia n Republica Moldova se exercit n condiiile pluralismului po-litic, care este incompatibil cu dictatura i cu totalitarismul.

(2) Nicio ideologie nu poate fi instituit ca ideologie oficial a statului.

Comentariu

tu tu t D puu pt u t tpt. St utt pub, tt u bu ut gzt u-z p bz u pp udt, ut ut xp d Cttu-, db tu I. Pp g, ut ddu d txtu ttu.U ppu t pvzut xp tu . At p-pu guvz u u gz pt-tt Rpub Mdv, vtutu tvt, t u ut pxtt .

1. Cupu . (1) tbu bdt ub du pt. pu d, t - ud pvd D Rpub Mdv xt dpuuu pt. d d, pu xpu gut d-u t d: dttu tttu.

) E gu gt tg px dt d. At pztp tg pt pt, tzd tt gz u- put, t du d v t. D p v up pt, d p pptu ut u.

C ut, d p d ttu d dCttu Rpub Fz t. 2: Guv ppuu, p pp ptupp.

D ttu u pt u tgt, uud v, pt jud t t-u txt -t dtt.

Cttu d p ttuu dt, u : uvtt p ppuu (t. 2); Ptu, g pzttv up gtv, p vt uv,

g, dt, t b xpt (t. 60-61); xp v ppuu p du (t. 75); d puu pt, t d d (t. 5); dptu bt udt t (tu II); Cttu Lg Sup ttuu (t. 7); Ppu dpt u ht d t g pzttv u vtu j-

t (t. 74) t.



38/575


Puu tt t d g d. Rdu-

puu pt, pu P Ptt t d pupu ppu tt ppu pt g guv. O, u xt u dvt btt vtuudt d ttu pt g t ut pbt, , pd pt, u xt tdx dg, p d t pt, ptd ptpt gzz tvz b1.

Pluralismul politic t u t pt du u put xt pgz -pt t u btt, pz hbzu p t.

u t b, zz pu pt. t-u pud, puu pt u t pu pu putt d gupu gzt, uvtt dvzt, dt ppu p put tt.

Puu pt bzz p ut pp jud: gtt jud t ptd, ptd tbu -tu d g ptu gtt u, pu ptu tt ptd u ttut t;

dgu pt t ptd, pupu ptu p, du uptpt dput d d, vt ut vt ..;

u pt, ptp tt, p pp d gttjud, tutu pt v tvtt , pu -z dvt.

u, p pu g uttud d t hv, u pt du utt. At, puu t u pu ut.

tp, t ttu dt pt

t utt v pub, p dt u pub(u u tg) d pb pt.

A pvd g Rpub Mdv. At xpp gtt t t g utt pub, d pvg.

D t ppu ttu zut u pub t b dg tutu dvd ptt pttud ut d g ptu up- t.

Puu tt t p pt u u g d gz guvt. S t tvtt utt tpd Ogz Nu Ut, Cu Eup .., p g ptp guv-

ttu t d tt b, tvtt gzguvt u t t u .D p tu 80 Rpub Mdv gz guv-

t u vd (pt ONG-u d Mv) u du utu, t, dt u hb dt, u putut p dv d d tvtt .

1 P Ptt, Institutions politiques. Droit constitutionnel, 11me edition, Masson, Paris, Milan,Barcelona, Bonn, 1992, p. 87.



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ARTICOLUL 5 DEMOCRAIA I PLURALISMUL POLITIC 39

L put, t gz u ut ut u gz t-

guvt, d ut tp u dvt d ttt, -du- dv .

At gz tu pzt dt ptu tg u pv t v tg ut umane.

b) A du pt . (1) tuz xpt puu pt, ddub d, d ptu t t ptb u dictatura totalitarismul.

Incompatibilitatea (. incompatible pupu v u pt -p u tv; u pt xt ut u tv1) t d pt xudxt, tp, du uu, pz u tg xud -p. D txtu ttu zut xp d xtt dpuuu pt d put zu dttu u tttuu.

Dictatura (t. dictatura put tt) t u g pt, tztp d put but xt u d t d t p u u gup t d p (jut t, p xpu). tdt, gu d dttu upd xt dptu bt pub, tu gutdu- p tt pt uu g d t xp(d du, d zb, d ug, d tt t.).

Dttu tzz p ut: t , d tz put ptud pt-

. A p ( p) xt tt u put tt(tt put d tt);

pupu up dptu bt pub.

Ptu Rpub Mdv, p tb ptbt d u d-ttu uz g , zu ttu uu g xp -tt u t. 54, t. 66 t. ), t. 87 . (3) d Cttu tu pvd Legii nr. 2991 din 01.10.1990 cu privire la regimul juridic al strii excepionale iformelor speciale de administrare, xt d d puuupt t updt.

Totalitarismul (t. totalitas tgtt, dptt, d totalis tt, d-p) t d gz u t ttu tztt pt v dvdu.

d tttuu, ora legii t ut u legea orei. Expu dgu ttt ttu gu t d It, G, gu tttut, gu tu d C d Nd ..

tu tt u tutu tpu d gu ttt ut: tu but up tutu v ; tz gz dt; hd dptu bt udt (ttu) uu; pu pgt; pv d tg ttu p ttu uu ptd

u, u gu dg ptt pu tutu;

1Dicionar universal ilustrat al limbii romne, v. 5, Edtu Lt, Buut, 2010, p. 146.



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p tzt tutu tvt;

ptd gup d t v; uzu put dt u put p dutuu; tz uz tutu pt v - u-

tu; tu d p tdu p pt; z uu tt hvt u upu dt d

put t.Dup u - t, gu d dttu u d ttt u u

u u d, t Cttu Rpub Mdv, t xt-t d puuu pt, ptb u t. S -z p pvd xp ptbt t d p.

2. A. (2) txtuu ttu d t. 5 tu pvd . (1),d pz xt d ptt p pvd ptv, ,, dg u pt ttut dg ttuu.

Ideologie (d g. idea u, d logos t) t u bu (-t) d p, d, pzt tu, bt d pt vdt pttuu t pb udt dzvt -t, vzz du d guv, tu tuu , btv dz-vt , v t., tt p ptt d u ut gup.Idg upd d z, pt, g, tt .. At tp-tz jut tu uu gup , u tvt, ud uzuu t, ppud ut t u p z uv. D pt, dg v dpt put d p ptu b pg-

d u ptd1

.Fptu dg u pt dt g d dg ttuu ttu u pt d ptt u dg. t dg pvz tt u dptu xt. Sut tz d dgptd gz -pt , p pu utu , ut -dptt ptv puuu pt, pp ttuu d dpt, uvt dpd, tgt tt Rpub Mdv. Cu t uvt, u pt ptt dg p utu ttz gu ttu ttuu. F t dpt - g, pvz zz dg, pp vzu pt pt. L du u, ttu u pt pu- t dg.

Jurisprudena Curii Constituionale:HCC . 2 d 19.01.1998, MO . 12-13/8 d 19.02.1998HCC . 21 d 02.07.1998, MO . 69 d 23.04.98, CHD 1998, p. 41HCC . 37 d 10.12.1998, MO . 1-2 d 07.01.98, d, p. 51HCC . 3 d 29.01.1999, MO . 16-18/7 d 18.02.99

1 Sgu , Dicionar politic. Instituiile democraiei i cultura civic, C d dtu p,,-SRL, Buut, 1996, p. 127.



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ARTICOLUL 6 SEPARAIA I COLABORAREA PUTERILOR 41

Articolul 6

SEPARAIA I COLABORAREA PUTERILOR

n Republica Moldova puterea legislativ, executiv i judectoreasc sunt se-parate i colaboreaz n exercitarea prerogativelor ce le revin, potrivit prevederilorConstituiei.

Comentariu

tu t. 6 d Cttu t Sp b put. Ct pb t-u t dtt t tv. Ppu p puttt dvt dg d b g ut -

dvduu ptu u u put. Lgtu ttu ubz ttdt -tt b put, ub ptu tu t p utp p d tvtt utt, ttud hbu put tt. Sp b put, d d u ppu gt, ppu d-tuu, ppu t, ttu d tz udt tu bztu tvt ptuu d tt, dzvud dt tu.

A. Separaia puterilorO p d du -pt, d vd z

u btv d t g u p ut b u u,pupu pz tvt tt, ttudu-, t p, g -vtt u uttt, pb d tuu tp d tvt pt.

Rz tv t dzdt tzz ppu p pu-t d tt, t u ppu udt Cttu. P u xp tu upu dpz ttu, pu vd pt u pd, v p udt t -ttu xp td ttuu put tu d z ppdt xg ttuu d dpt. p put g vh tpu, d ttdu tt d pb utd pt pp udt d vu tt, pb d u gt dv d uzup put, d tu u guutt u dtt d guvt.

dp p put put tzz Athtt,g u u Hdt, X, Pt Att. Utu t dt

u p ut d dpt ttu (dpt ttu pt), ugtd p put tt, p d ttuu t1. Evu Mdu, ut ut ut d d dzvt ppu p put tt. Sut tv d u gdt M d Pdv, Dt, Cp, J Bd, N Mhv, du gu t tt t hu ttput2.

1 I Du, Drept constituional i instituii politice: tratat, v. 1, Edtu Eup Nv, Bu-ut, 1996, p. 78.

2 Istoria ilozoiei moderne, v. 1, Stt R d Fz, Buut, 1937, p. 79-95.



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u XVII-, - tut u u ut z pt, vdu-

pztt utu p gzu Jh Lk, uut dtt putbut put dut p p u u ttuu (C) pxt d t g tutu dtt. Mt t, d ,ptu dzvt ppuu p put u d J.J. Ruu D. Ddt.

Fu t ttutv ppuu p put ttp utuu z vt z Ch Lu Mtquu. At, u- Despre spiritul legilor, ut ppu, u tt xt tu d put: put gtv, put xutv pvt htu ddptu g put pvt d dptu v.

t- u d, ppu pupu tt xt put gt-v, xutv judt, pt u d t.

ptt, tut pp dt d guv, -

du ppu p put ptt pt dbt dvt ttu dpb. Sp put d gu z guv- dt, vt buzuu d put. p put pt -dt u dt vt ptvt p put d tt.

Ipt ppuu p put t pu v p ud ptv jtt ttu tt d. Rpub Mdvu xp.

d guu ttt ut, t ppu u t uut.S-u ut d dvd u t vb d p put, d d-vzu u xt u put u. t tp, pt t dtt dtu d vgt pt v gj ppuu p- put. gtu u t, u put u t d Mtquu, ,vbd dp t put dp t g dt u tg dg, vd u u upp d gu ptu t du p pv btu (le pouvoir arrte le pouvoir), :Totul ar fi pierdut dacacelai om sau acelai corp de fruntai, fie el al nobililor, fie al poporului, ar exercitaaceste trei puteri: pe cea de a face legi, pe cea de a duce la ndeplinire hotrrile ob-teti i pe cea de a judeca infraciunile sau litigiile dintre particulari1.

Dup b d ub tut dg, pt, jud t-p vt t ttuu p uvt dpd , Rpub Mdv - pdt udtuu pt jud ttt-, bzt p p pp dt. 1988-1994, u t bdt ut u d pb, , dt u dt, u tbut g

d gz ttuu dt tbu ttu u pu-t d tt. Pd ptv zt u dpt, 29 u 1994, Ct-tu Rpub Mdv, t d pt ttb, , dt u t vg 27 ugut 1994, dvt Lg Sup ttuu t.

C z p t, pud pt u vh td- u xp d tttt dpd, d u dtttu d, u Cttu Rpub Mdv pvd xp t-tu t. 6 SEPARAIA I COLABORAREA PUERILOR.

1 Mtquu, Despre spiritul legilor, Edtu t , Buut, 1964, p. 196.



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Pb p put ppu bz t zt

pt. Sttu, ttt pt-jud tutu , d dpt ut u, t dt t d pp:

funcia legislativ, zt p t (dt) gu g-bgt- (g);

funcia executiv, zt p p u xut t gtv; funcia jurisdicional, xpt p zv tg p pu

p z t tv.Ptu xt dt t u, xt, ptv, ut put-

: gtv ( t pzttv), xutv judt, d -dt u utt dtt:

put gtv pzt ppuu, du pzt (P-tuu);

put xutv uu d tt xutvuu (Guvuu); put judt t judtt. Rpub Mdv, Cttu, put dt t: put-

gtv u Ptu, g pzttv up gtv (t. 60 t. 76); put xutv u Pdt Rpub Mdv (t ut put- xutv, d u d Guvuu)1, Guvu dt pub(t. 77 t. 103; t. 107 t. 113); put judt u utt jud-tt, pztt d Cut Sup d Jut, u d p judt ddpt u u pzt (t. 114 t. 121).

t put t tbu xt u hbu, pzt d g bt, u pdt p tg putd tt buzuu d . Ehbu zz p tb tbu put p tt, p zt u j t d tup t. P u, ut put t tv, t xtd tdpd. Sp gd, gu b t, u v vu vtj u v t.

D utzz u puteri, u t vb dp ppt put d tt, d, dup u - t t, put dtt dv d uvtt p xuv uu gu ttu, pp-u Rpub Mdv. Cd vbt dp put gtv, put xutv put judt, vd put d tt t xtt uppuu d ut utt, , d u pt ttt but, u putut z pgtv v jt, u tt pu, put

d tt. At pu, ut utt dz ut put, uput t.

B. Colaborarea puterilorSp put t u d d dtbu put u t p dt -

vz gu u t, tz uuuu t put. PuD.C. D z: ,,E t u Mtquu t tz uuuu

1 Dp ptu Pdt-Guv vd HCC d 04.04.1996, MO . 25 d25.04.1996.



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t put. At, gutu u v put dpt g u d p, xutvu

u v put d ptvt t d t, judtu d v t-pt dptu, - z pt pu u t1. D du u zut t t t put xt u zd d ptu. Dptv, pu b put xt pgtv v, tbu d jut p, d u, d tdpd. At p -z u hbu put pt put ttdu vzut du put. t d d d, pzt t ut pvdttu.

1. Ip Ptuu tvtt uu ttuu, Guvuu, pu -p g put xutv tvtt Ptuu. At, t Pt Pdt Rpub Mdv xt ut dt d p p:

Parlamentul g Pdt Rpub Mdv (t. 78 Cttu); pt, u u Cut Cttu, jutu Pdtu Rpu-

b Mdv (t. 79 Cttu); pt ht pu ub uz Pdtu Rpub Mdv (t. 81

Cttu); dd up j Pdtu Rpub Mdv u pv pp-

pb u dt Ptuu (t. 84 Cttu); t ttt ht d Pdt Rpub Mdv (t. 86 Ct-

tu); pb d d t Pdt bz p u g (t. 86

Cttu);

t t tzt d t Pdt dp d t d zb u u d pg gu t (t. 87 Cttu);

pt dd dt Pdtu, zu v u pt p - pvd Cttu (t. 89 Cttu);

pt pug, p g g, dtu Pdtu (t. 80 Cttu); pb u ptuu Pdtu, dz t

dptu Pdtu (t. 95 Cttu).

Preedintele Republicii Moldova dptu d tv gtv ptu dpt g g d;

t, p d Cttu p Lg d 5 u 2000, vut dptu d tv d vzu Cttu (t. 73 Cttu);

pt u pt u Ptuu pt d j (t. 84 C-ttu); t dpt, zu b up u g, tt, d-

g, Ptuu p x (t. 93 Cttu); pug g (t. 93 Cttu); h ttt u Rpub Mdv pzt p t P-

tuu (t. 86 Cttu);

1 D.C. D, Drept constituional i instituii politice, Edtu t, Buut, 1997,p. 196.



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zu pbt Guvuu u b pdu d dpt-

g, d g, dup ut u pt, pt dzv Ptu (t. 85 Cttu), zu pbt gPdtu Rpub Mdv, Pdt xu dzv Ptu(t. 78 Cttu).

t Parlament Guvern xt ut t p p: gz u Guvuu tbt p g g dptt

d t Pt t. 72 . (3) t. d); Ptu dzbt pgu d tvtt t Guvuu -

d tu vt d d (t. 98 Cttu); Ptu pt pt xp d Guvuu (t. 106

Cttu); Guvu t pb Ptuu pzt du-

t ut d t, d u d dput (t. 104 Cttu); Guvu dt b ut bg pud tput d dput (t. 105 Cttu);

b Guvuu u u Ptuu, zu utv, pz t bgt (t. 104 Cttu);

Guvu pt gj pud Ptuu up uu p-g, u d d pt g u uu pt d g, zu Guvu u t d d t Pt, ptu t gjt,ptu d g pztt d dptt, pgu u d dpt g dv bgt ptu Guv (t. 106/1 Cttu);

vd z pguu d tvtt Guvuu, Ptu ptdpt, ppu tu, g p d bt Guvuu ptu

t d du u btu g g (t. 106/2 Cttu); Guvu dptu d tv gtv (t. 73 Cttu) dptu d

vzu Cttu (t. 114 Cttu); ppu gtv, u dt u pt dptt d Pt

ptt d Guv, d t tg j u du vtu- bugt u puutu, j u du htu bugt- (t. 131 . (4) Cttu).

2. pvt b t put legislativ judectoreasc, v-d ut:

gz u Cuu Sup Mgttu, t ju-dtt tbt p g g, dptt d Pt (t. 72 (3)

t. ) Cttu); pdt, vpdt Judt Cu Sup d Jut ut u- u d Pt, ppu Cuu Sup Mgttu(t. 116 Cttu);

p ttu, d p Cuu Sup Mgttu, utu u d t Pt (t. 122 Cttu);

u t judtt, dz t dptu judt ut pbt (tbt) d Pt;

t d judt pt t zv zu xp d t-tutt g t t tv.



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3. Cb dt put executiv judectoreasc t p u-

t: judt t judtt u u d Pdt Rpu-

b Mdv, ppu Cuu Sup Mgttu (t. 116 Cttu);

xut d t xutv ht judtt; gu tvt t judtt (gu d, zt u

bt u j d tpt , pu p vu t- judtt, gu ut u t judtt t. d pt Guvuu).

4. Rz ppuu p b put d tt t gut, . (3) t. 134 Cttu, d t Cut Cttu. vzugutuu, Cut Cttu dpt u d dt put. P

t pvd ttu Rpub Mdv dbt d t tt, u d dt v uu ttuu. p t, t uu dptt,d u ttuu u pt t u t utt pub , v-dt, u u d dt put zb.


HCC . 111 d 24.01.1996, MO . 10 d 15.02.1996, CHD 1995-96, p. 134HCC . 28 d 21.02.1996, MO . 16 d 14.03.1996, d p. 140HCC . 9 d 04.04.1996, MO . 25 d 25.04.1996, d, p. 157HCC . 34 d 11.06.1996, MO . 49-50 d 25.07.1996, d, p. 171HCC . 11 d 30.09.1996, MO . 65-66 d 10.10.1996, d, p. 190HCC . 23 d 21.07.1997, MO . 51-52 d 07.08.1997, CHD 1997, p. 171

HCC . 40 d 22.12.1997, MO . 6-7 d 29.01.1998, d, p. 244HCC . 19 d 10.06.1997, MO . 43-44 d 03.07.1997, p. 156HCC . 10 d 04.03.1997, MO . 18 d 20.03.1997, d, p. 71HCC . 12 d 17.03.1997, MO . 21 d 03.04.1997, d, p. 196HCC . 32 d 10.11.1997, MO . 77-78 d 27.11.1997, d, p. 226HCC . 35 d 01.12.1997, MO . 84-85 d 18.12.1997, d, p. 126HCC . 38 d 15.12.1997, MO . 6-7 d 29.01.1998, d p. 136HCC . 37 d 10.12.1997, MO . 6-7 d 29.01.1998, d p. 180HCC . 2 d 19.01.1998, MO . 12-13 d 19.02.1998, CHD 1998, p. 66HCC . 3 d 10.01.1998, MO . 12-13 d 19.02.1998, d p. 225HCC . 7 d 17.02.1998, MO . 26-27 d 26.03.1998, d, p. 94HCC . 10 d 17.03.1998, MO . 28-29 d 02.04.1998, d, p. 104

HCC . 14 d 19.05.1998, MO . 50-51 d 04.06.1998, d, p. 235HCC . 16 d 28.05.1998, MO . 56-59 d 25.06.1998, d, p. 29HCC . 19 d 16.06.1998, MO . 66-69 d 16.07.1998, d, p. 156HCC . 20 d 02.07.1998, MO . 69 d 23.07.1998, d, p. 242HCC . 23 d 09.07.1998, MO . 70 d 25.07.1998, d, p. 164HCC . 29 d 01.10.1998, MO . 96 d 22.10.1998, d p. 178HCC . 34 d 05.11.1998, MO . 103-104 d 19.11.1998, d, p. 262HCC . 41 d 24.12.1998, MO . 1-2 d 07.01.1999, d, p. 183HCC . 5 d 4.02.1999, MO . 19-21/9 d 25.02.1999



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ARTICOLUL 7 CONSTITUIA, LEGE SUPREM 47

HCC . 7 d 11.02.1999, MO . 22-23/13 d 4.03.1999

HCC . 13 d 16.03.1999, MO . 29 d 26.03.1999HCC . 14 d 06.05.1999, MO . 31-32 d 1.04.1999HCC . 24 d 25.05.1999, MO . 53-54 d 27.05.1999HCC . 28 d 24.05.1999, MO . 56-58 d 03.06.1999HCC . 34 d 24.06.1999, MO . 67-69 d 1.07.1999HCC . 35 d 08.07.1999, MO . 67-69 d 1.07.1999HCC . 39 d 20.07.1999, MO . 80-82 d 29.07.1999HCC . 41 d 21.09.1999, MO . 80-82 d 29.07.1999HCC . 46 d 12.10.1999, MO . 109-111 d 7.10.1999HCC . 53 d 11.11.1999, MO . 118-119 d 28

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