CNCD_Sistemul_Complementar_2004

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SISTEMUL COMPLEMENTAR DEPROTECIE A DREPTURILOR OMULUI I

DE COMBATERE A DISCRIMINRII NROMANIA

COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM OFPROTECTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTSAND FIGHT AGAINST DISCRIMINATION

IN ROMANIA


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Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a RomnieiSistemul complementar de protecie a drepturiloromului i de combatere a discriminrii din Romnia /

coord.: dr. Cristian Jura. - Braov : Editura Universitii"Transilvania",2004ISBN 973-635-377-X

Jura, Cristian (coord.)

342.7(498)316.647.82(498)

Toate drepturile rezervate editurii Universitii Transilvania- Braov

Nici o parte din acest volum nu poate fi copiat fr permisiuneascris a editurii Universitii Transilvania- Braov

COPYRIGHT 2004 by Transilvania University Brasov, RomaniaAll rights reserved.The distribution of this book outside Romania without the writtenpermission of Transilvania University is strictly prohibited.

EDITURA UNIVERSITII TRANSILVANIA - BRAOVB-DUL EROILOR NR. 9 500030, BRAOVTEL/FAX: + 40 268 475 348


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Lucrare editat cu sprijinulGUVERNULUI ROMNIEI

DEPARTAMENTUL PENTRURELAII INTERETNICE

SISTEMUL COMPLEMENTAR DEPROTECTIE A DREPTURILOR

OMULUI SI DE COMBATERE A

DISCRIMINARII DIN ROMANIA

La procesul laborios al apariieiacestei lucrri, proces ce a

nceput la data de 25 mai 2004cu seminarul SISTEMUL

COMPLEMENTAR DE PROTECIEA DREPTURILOR OMULUI I DECOMBATERE A DISCRIMINRII

DIN ROMNIAi care se vancheia cu editarea i lansareanmediul universitar al acesteia, o

contribuie important a avutAsociaia de Promovare a

Drepturilor Omului i de Luptmpotriva Discriminrii dinRomnia prin preedinteleacestuia dl. Mihai Coman

Brochure edited with the support

of the

GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIATHE DEPARTMENT FOR

INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS.

THE COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEMOF PROTECTION OF THE HUMAN

RIGHTS AND FIGHT AGAINST

DISCRIMINATION IN ROMANIA

The Romanian Association for

Promoting Human Rights and

Combating Discrimination, through

Mr. Mihai Coman, President, had

an important contribution to thelaborious process of editing and

publishing of this brochure. The

process started on May 25, 2004

with the seminar THE

COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM FOR

THE PROTECTION OF HUMANRIGHTS AND COMBATING

DISCRIMINATION IN ROMANIAand will end with the publishing

and launching of this brochure in

the academic circles.


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COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM OF PROTECTION OF

THE HUMAN RIGHTS AND FIGHT AGAINST

DISCRIMINATION IN ROMANIAROM

SISTEMUL COMPLEMENTAR DE PROTECIEA DREPTURILOR OMULUI I DE COMBATEREA DISCRIMINRII N ROMNIA

05

Astzi, n Romnia, complexul

de valori privind libertiledemocratice ale ceteanului iprotecia drepturilor omului adevenit nu numai un element al

percepiei comune i un fapt alcontiinei sociale, ci i ocomponent a doctrinelor politiceale partidelor mature i uni n s t r u m e n t i m p o r t a n t a l

funcionrii statului de drept iinstituiilor sale.

Romnia a demonstrat catenia acordat drepturilorminoritilor, modalitilor deafirmare i de protejare aidentitilor etnice i culturale esteo cale ctre stabilitate,convieuire

panic i dezvoltare social, aranoastr constituind mecanismeleinsti-tuionale i legislative princare drepturile minoritilor etnicesunt asigurate.

Cu toate acestea, nu suntemcomplet imuni la posibile derapajectre diferite forme de intoleran.Europa Centrala i de Est a

c u n o s c u t d u p c d e r e acomunismului conflicte violente,care au artat ct de periculoas

poate fi ignorarea valorilor inefuncionarea democraiei,nclcarea drepturilor i libertilorceteneti, tratamentul neadecvataplicat minoritilor. Este nevoiede o vigilent permanent i de

eforturi de implicare personal sauin s c r ip i o n a l a c e lo r c a

Today, in Romania, the

complex of values concerning thedemocratic liberties of the citizenand the protection of the humanrights has become not only anelement of the common perceptionand a fact of social conscience, butalso a component of politicaldoctrines of mature parties and animportant instrument for the

functioning of the legal statute andof its institutions.

Romania has demonstrated thatthe attention granted to themin o r i t i e s ' r i g h t s , t o t h eaffirmation modalit ies and

protection of the ethnic andcultural identities is a way to

stability, peaceful cohabitation andsocial development, out countryhaving the institutional andlegislative mechanisms by whichthe rights of the ethnic minoritiesare guaranteed.

However, we are not completelyimmune to the possible skidding tovarious intolerance forms. The

Central Europe and the EasternEurope witnessed violent conflictsafter the collapse of communism,w h i c h d e m o n s t r a t e d h o wdangerous ignoring of values andlack of operation, violation of therights and liberties of citizens,unsuitable treatment applied tominor children can be. Permanent

v ig i lance our personal or inscriptional involvement efforts


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are needed.

I n t h i s c o n t e x t , t h eco mp lemen ta r y s y s t em o f protection of the human rights andfight against discriminationfunctioning in Romania issomething new in the field.Thus, the protection of humanrights is guaranteed through 5 main

pillars: governmental structures(Department for InterethnicRelations, as well as other relateddepar tmen ts f rom var iousministries), the National Councilf o r t h e F i g h t a g a i n s tDiscrimination, the Ombudsman,the Council of National Minorities,as well as the civil society.

In the perspective of the futureUnited Europe, the outline of acohabitation among one's equals,without discriminations, theidentification of the reduction andelimination methods, in time, ofthe actual economic and socialdiscrepancies shall impose moreand more as priority subjects and

common action objectives.A l l t h e s e c a n n o t b ea c c o m p l i s h e d u n l e s s t h econsolidation activities of the

protection frame offered to ourm u l t i c u l t u r a l s o c i e t y a r econtinued. This material representsthe first step in the accumulation ofinformation concerning the efforts

made by the Romanian society

dumneavoastr.

n acest context, sistemulcomplementar de protecie adrepturilor omului i de combaterea discriminrii care funcioneaz nRomnia este o noutate ndomeniu.Astfel, protecia drepturiloromului se realizeaz prin 5 pilonide baz: structuri guvernamentale(Departamentul pentru RelaiiInteretnice, precum i altedepartamente de profil din diverseministere), Consiliul Naional

pentru Combaterea Discriminrii,Avocatul Poporului, ConsiliulMinoritilor Naionale,precum isocietatea civil.

n perspectiva viitoarei EuropeUnite, conturarea cadrului uneiconvieuiri ntre egali, frdiscriminri, identificarea cilorde reducere i eliminare, n timp, aactualelor discrepane economico-sociale se vor impune tot mai multca teme prioritare i obiective deaciuni comune.

Toate acestea nu pot fi nsreal izate dect cont inundactivitilor de consolidare acadrului de protecie oferitsocietii noastre multiculturale.Acest material reprezint un prim

pas pentru cumularea informaiilorprivind eforturile fcute desocietatea romneasc - guvern,

s o c i e t a t ea c iv i l p en t r u

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government, civil society for the

promotion of the human rights andfight against discrimination.This work, bilingually printed

shall be presented both to theRomanian public, and to theexternal partners that have beenshowing special interest in thismatter.

Mihai COMANPresident of the Association forthe Promotion of HumanRights and Fight againstDiscrimination

promovarea drepturilor omului i

combaterea discriminrii.Acest lucrare tiprit bilingvva fi prezentat att opiniei publiceromneti, ct i partenerilorexterni care i-au manifestat uninteres deosebit n ultimul timp nlegtur cu aceast tematic.

Mihai COMANPreedinte al Asociaiei dePromovare a DrepturilorOmului i de Lupt mpotrivaDiscriminrii

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ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT

DEPARTMENT FORINTERETHNIC RELATIONS

Dr. Cristian JURAState Secretary

Complementary system ofhuman rights protection,

in general, and of thenational minorities ofRomania, in particular

I n R o m a n i a , a f t e r t h e

overthrow of the totalitarianregime in December 1989,important steps were made for thecreation of a specific protectionsystem for persons belonging tonational minorities, a system toguarantee and assure them thattheir own identity and culture shall

be respected.

Besides the granting of thespecific rights and liberties ofwhich the persons belonging tonational minorities enjoy, thelegislative frame in the field alsocontains normative acts by whichstructures are created, forming theinstitutional frame concerning the

protection of national minorities.H e n c e , i n R o m a n i a w a s

GUVERNUL ROMNIEI


Dr. Cristian JURASecretar de stat

Sistemul complementar deprotecie a drepturilor

omuluii a drepturilor persoanelor

aparinnd minoritilornaionale din Romnia

n Romnia, dup rsturnarea

regimului totalitar n decembrie1989, s-au efectuat pai importanin crearea unui sistem de proteciespecif ic pentru persoaneleaparinnd minoritilor naionale,sistem care s garanteze i sasigure acestora respectareaidentitii i culturii proprii.

P e l n g c o n s a c r a r e a

drepturilor i libertilor specificede care se bucur persoaneleaparinnd minoritilor naionale,cadrul legislativ n materiecuprinde i acte normative princare se nfiineaz structuri ceformeaz cadrul instituional legatde p ro tec i a minor i t i lo r naionale. Aadar, n Romnia afos t conso l ida t un cadru

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consolidated an institutional

frame based on a normativeframe able to really promote andprotect human rights and the rightsof persons belonging to nationalminorities. The institutional frameis based on 5 complementarypillars, on 5 institutional formsthat intermingle with each other,and which, together, compose the

Romanian complementary systemfor the protection of human rightsand of the rights of persons

belonging to national minorities.This system can be considered ascomplementary because the dutieso f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s a r ecomplementary. All the duties of

these institutions compose aunitary system, complex andflexible, able to satisfy amulticultural, multiethnic andmulti-linguistic society, a patternto war d s wh ich t h e en t i r einternational society is tending,t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t t h eglobalization phenomenon and,

actually, the deepening of theinterdependencies of any kindbetween the states.

The 5 pil lars that thecomplementary protection systemis based on are the following:

st- 1 Pillar governmentalm a d e u p o f s e v e r a lco mp o n en t s . Th e mo s t

important component is the

instituional bazat pe un cadru

normativ capabil s promoveze isa protejeze n mod real drepturileomului i drepturile persoaneloraparinnd minoritilor naionale.Cadrul instituional se bazeaz pe 5piloni complementari, pe 5forme instituionale care sempletesc, se ntreptrund i care,npreun, reunite alctuiesc

sistemul complementar romnescde protecie a drepturilor omului ia d r ep tu r i l o r p e r s o an e lo r aparinnd minoritilor naionale.Acest sistem poate fi consideratcomplementar deoarece atribuiileinstituiilor sunt complemetare.Suma atribuiilor acestor instituii

alctuiesc un sistem unitar,complex i flexibil, capabil sr s p u n d u n e i s o c i e t imulticulturale, multietnice imultilingvistice, model spre carese ndreapt ntreaga societateinternaional, avnd n vederefenomenul globalizrii, i de fapt,adncirea interdependenelor de

orice natur dintre state.Cei 5 piloni pe care se bazeazs is temul complementar de

protecie sunt:- Pilonul I guvernamentalcare este alctuit din mai multec o m p o n e n t e . C e a m a iimportant component esteDepartamentul pentru Relaii

I n t e r e t n i c e d i n c a d r u l

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Department for Interethnic

Relations within the RomanianGovernment, whose role is toelaborate and submit fore n d o r s e m e n t t o t h eGovernment strategies relatedto keeping, developing orexpressing the identity of

persons belonging to nationalm i n o r i t i e s . A l s o , t h e

Department assures themanagement of the budgetsmeant to attain the purposes

proposed. The specializeddepartments for minoritieswithin other ministries such asthe Ministry of Culture andCults or the Ministry of

Education and Research can bec o n s i d e r e d a s o t h e r components of this pillar,developing activities byspecific activity areas;

nd- 2 Pillar represented bythe National MinorityCouncil. Among the duties ofthe National Minority Council,

the most important are thecoordination and support of theactivity of the organizations ofcitizens belonging to nationalminorities, the proposal ofe n d o r s e m e n t o f t h edistribution of the fundsallotted in the State budget fort h e s u p p o r t o f t h e

organizations of citizens

Guvernului Romniei, care are

rolul de a elabora i supuneGuvernului spre aprobarestrategii pentru pstrarea,dezvoltarea i exprimareai d e n t i t i i p e r s o a n e l o r apar innd minori t i lor naionale. De asemenea,D e p a r t a m e n t u l a s i g u r gestionarea bugetelor destinate

atingerii scopurilor propuse.Alte componente ale acestui

pilon pot fi consideratedepartamentele specializate

pentru minoriti din cadrulaltor ministere, cum ar fiMinisterul Culturii i Cultelor,Minis teru l Educa ie i i

Cercetrii, care desfoaractiviti pe zonele specifice deactivitate;- Pilonul II reprezentat deConsiliul MinoritilorNaionale. Dintre atribuiileConsiliului Minoritilor

Naionale cele mai importantesunt coordonarea i sprijinirea

activitii organizaiilor cet-enilor aparinnd minoritilornaionale, propunerea spreap r o b a r e a r ep a r t i z r i ifondurilor alocate n bugetul des t a t p e n t r u s p r i j i n i r e aorganizaiilor cetenilorapar innd minori t i lor naionale i propunerile de

mbunt i re a cadrului

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b e l o n g i n g t o n a t i o n a l

minorities and the propositionsof improvement of thelegislative frame in the field ofnational minorities. It isimportant to specify that onlyorganizations of the nationalminorities can be part of the

National Minority Council,according to the legislation in

force in Romania.rd- 3 Pillar represented by

the National Council for theF i g h t a g a i n s tDiscrimination. The Councilis an institution specialized int h e f i g h t a g a i n s tdiscrimination, racism and

intolerance. We consider it tobe a pillar different from theOmbudsman because thisinstitution is based on twoEuropean directives, and thea t t r i b u t i o n s a r ecomplementary to those of theO m b u d s m a n , w i t h o u tsuperposing them.

th

- 4 Pillar represented bythe Ombudsman. Its mainduty is to defend the rights andliberties of citizens against theabuse or interference of publicauthorities. The institutionreceives and solves thecomplaints against natural

persons regarding the violation

of the civic rights and liberties

legis lat iv din domeniul

minoritilor naionale. Esteimportant de precizat c dinC o n s i l i u l Min o r i t i l o r

Naionale nu pot face parted e c t o r g a n i z a i i a l eminoritilor naionale, nconformitate cu legislaia nvigoare din Romnia.- Pilonul III reprezentatde Consiliul Naional pentruCombaterea Discriminrii.Consiliul este o instituiespecializat n combatereadiscriminrii, rasismului iintoleranei. Considerm a fiun pilon distinct de AvocatulPoporului deoarece aceast

instituie se bazeaz pe doud i rec t ive eu ropene , i a r atribuiile sunt complementarecu ale Avocatului Poporuluifr a se suprapune.- Pilonul IV reprezentat deA v o c a t u l P o p o r u l u i .Principala sa atribuie esteaprarea drepturilor i liber-

tilor cetenilor mpotrivaabuzului sau ingerinelorautoritilor publice. Instituia

primete i soluioneazplngeri adresate de persoanefizice, cu privire la nclcriledrepturilor i libertilorceteneti svrite de organeale administraiei publice. n

structura acestei instituii

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committed by the public

administration bodies. In thestructure of this institutionthere is a Department for

p r o b l e m s r e f e r r i n g t ominorities, cults and mass-media.

th- 5 Pillar represented bythe civil society. Here qualifyt h e n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a lorganizations, the academicenvironment, the researchinstitutes, social partners,experts and activists in thefield of the protection ofhuman rights and of the rightsof persons belonging tonational minorities.

Hereinafter we shall present allthe institutions composing thecomplementary system for the

protection of human rights and ofthe rights of persons belonging ton a t i o n a l m i n o r i t i e s . T h i s

presentation shall not go verydeeply into details, because each

institution shall benefit from aseparate presentation, much moredetailed, from which shall resulttheir duties and their institutionalcomplementariness.

exist un Departament pentru

probleme privind minoritile,cultele i mass-media.- Pilonul V reprezentat desocietatea civil. Din acest

pilon fac parte organizaiineguvernamenatle, mediula c a d e m i c , i n s t i t u t e d ecercetare, partenerii sociali,experi i activiti n domeniul

proteciei drepturilor omului ia drepturilor aparinndminori-tilor naionale.

n continuare, vor fi prezentatetoate instituiile care alctuiescs is temul complementar de

protecie al drepturilor omului i a

drepturilor persoanelor aparinndminori-tilor naionale. Aceastprezentare nu va intra foarte multn detalii, deoarece fiecareinstituie va beneficia de o

prezentare separat, mult midetaliat, din care vor reieiatribuiile fiecreia i comple-mentaritatea instituional.

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1. DEPARTMENT FOR

INTERETHNICRELATIONS

In order to implement the needof the Government to consult thenational minorities, in 1997 theGovernment created an internalstructure responsible in thisdirection, namely the Departmentfor the Protection of NationalMinorities, managed by a deputyminister. The main duties of thisorganism were the elaboration ofthe governmental policy in relationwith minorities, drawing up of the

proposition of normative acts in thefield of the national minority

protection, of the organization orsupport of interethnic programs.Af t e r t h e e l ec t i o n s o f

November 2000, the Departmentfor the Protection of NationalM i n o r i t i e s b e c o m e s t h eDepartment for InterethnicRelations, developing its activitywithin the Ministry of Public

Information.Following the reorganizationof the Government in year 2003,the Department for InterethnicRelations becomes a body in thesuborder of the Prime Minister andcoordinated with the Ministry forthe coordination of the GeneralSecretariat of the Government,

according to the H.G. no.

1. DEPARTAMENTUL

PENTRU RELAIIINTERETNICE

Pentru a pune n aplicarenecesitatea consultrii de ctreGuvern a minoritilor naionale,n 1997 Guvernul a creat ostructur intern responsabil na c e s t s e n s , i a n u m eDepartamentul pentru ProteciaMinoritilor Naionale, condusd e u n m i n i s t r u d e l e g a t .Principalele atribuii ale acestuiorganism erau elaborarea politiciiguvernamentale n materiaminoritilor, ntocmirea propu-nerilor de acte normative n

domeniul proteciei minoritilornaionale, organizarea sau spri-jinirea unor programe interetnice.

Dup alegerile din noiembrie2000, Departamentul pentruProtecia Minoritilor Naionaledevine Departamentul pentruRelaii Interetnice, desfurndu-i activitatea n cadrul Ministerului

Informaiilor Publice. n u r m a r e o r g a n i z r i iGuvernului din anul 2003,Departamentul pentru RelaiiInteretnice devine organism nsubordinea Primului Ministru i ncoordonarea Ministrului pentrucoordonarea SecretariatuluiGeneral al Guvernului, conform

H.G. nr. 749/2003.

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749/2003.

The department for InterethnicRelations has the following mainduties:

a) elaborates and submits to theGovernment for endorsementstrategies for keeping, developingand expressing of the identity of

persons belonging to nationalminorities;

b) elaborates law projects andother normative acts on its field ofactivity;

c) endorses law projects andother normative acts that haveincidence on the rights andliabilities of persons belonging tonational minorities;

d) monitors the application ofthe internal and internationaln o r m a t i v e a c t s r e g a r d i n g

protection of national minorities;e) submits the Government for

enactment, upon the fundamentalproposition of the NationalMinority Council, based on Lawno. 500/2002 regarding public

finances and annual budgetarylaws, projects of resolutions for thegranting of financial assistance tothe organizations of persons

belonging to national minorities,members of the National MinorityCouncil, and for the approval of thedistribution of the amounts allottedfrom the State budget to these

organizations;

Departamentul pentru Relaii

Interetnice are urmtoareleatribuiiprincipale:a) elaboreaz i supune

Guvernului spre aprobare strategiipentru pstrarea, dezvoltarea iexprimarea identitii persoaneloraparinnd minoritilor naionale;

b) elaboreaz proiecte de legi ialte acte normative din domeniulsu de activitate;

c) avizeaz proiecte de lege ialte acte normative, care auinciden asupra drepturilor i n d a t o r i r i l o r p e r s o a n e l o r aparinnd minoritilor naionale;

d) monitorizeaz aplicareaactelor normative interne i

internaionale referitoare laprotecia minoritilor naionale;e) supune Guvernului spre

a d o p t a r e , l a p r o p u n e r e afundamentat a ConsiliuluiMinoritilor Naionale, n bazaLegii nr. 500/2002 privindfinanele publice i a legilor

bugetare anuale, proiecte de

hotrri pentru acordarea deasisten financiar organizaiilorp e r s o a n e l o r a p a r i n n dminoritilor naionale, membreale Consiliului Minoritilor

Naionale, i pentru aprobarearepartizrii sumelor alocate prin

bugetul de stat acestor organizaii;f) gestioneaz concursuri de

proiecte ale organizai i lor,

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f) administers competitions

with projects of organizations,associations, foundations or otherinstitutions of the funds allottedfrom the State budget for this

purpose or from extra-budgetaryrevenues;

g) collaborates with theNational Minority Council, underthe law;

h) follows the application ofthe legal provisions concerning

protection of national minorities bythe local public authorities;

i) requests and receives dataand information from the publica u t h o r i t i e s , n e c e s s a r y t oaccomplish their own duties, under

the law;j) establishes and maintainsrelationships with governmentala n d n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a lorganizations from the country orfrom abroad and with international

bodies with activity in the field ofnational minorities and of fightingagainst ethnic discrimination;

k) promotes and organizesp r o g r a m s c o n c e r n i n g t h eguaranteeing, keeping, expressing,

promotion and development of theethnic, cultural, linguistic andreligious identity of persons

belonging to national minorities;l ) main ta ins permanent

relations and collaborates with the

authorities of the local public

asociaiilor, fundaiilor sau ale

altor instituii din fondurile alocatede la bugetul de stat n acest scopsau din venituri extrabugetare;

g) colaboreaz cu ConsiliulMinoriti lor Naionale, ncondiiile legii;

h ) u r mr e t e ap l i c a r eaprevederilor legale privindprotecia minoritilor naionale dectre autoritile publice locale;

i) solicit i primete date iinformaii de la autoritile

publice, necesare ndepliniriiatribuiilor proprii, n condiiilelegii;

j) stabilete i menine relaii cuorganizaii guvernamentale i

neguvernamentale din ar i dinstrintate i cu organismeinternaionale cu activitate ndomeniul minoritilor naionale ial combaterii discriminrii pecriterii etnice;

k) promoveaz i organizeazprograme privind garantarea,pstrarea, exprimarea, promovarea

i dezvoltarea identitii etnice,culturale, lingvistice i religioase ap e r s o a n e l o r a p a r i n n dminoritilor naionale;

l) menine legturi permanentei colaboreaz cu autoritileadministraiei publice locale, prinreprezentani cu competeneteritoriale, n vederea identificrii

p r o b l e m e l o r s p e c i f i c e i

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a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , t h r o u g h

representatives with territorialc o m p e t e n c e s , i n v i e w o f identifying specific problems andsolving them;

m) supports scientific researchin the field of interethnic relations,

by maintaining contacts andcollaborating with organizations,institutions and personalities in thefield;

n ) p a r t i c i p a t e s i n t h ee labora t ion of the Repor tconcerning the application inRomania of the Frame-Conventionfor the protection of nationalminorities of the EuropeanCouncil, as well as in the

elaboration of the chaptersconcerning national minorities inthe Romania's reports to otherinternational institutions and

bodies.We must outline the very good

col labora t ion be tween theDepartment for InterethnicRelat ions and the general

departments for national minoritieswithin the Ministry of Educationand Research and the Ministry ofCulture and Cults.

The problematic of the Romapeople is administered by theBureau for Roma peopleproblems, operating within theDepartment for Interethnic

Relations, according to the

soluionrii acestora;

m) sprijin cercetrile tiinificen domeniul relaiilor interetnice,prin meninerea de contacte icolaborarea cu organizaii,instituii i personaliti dindomeniu;

n) particip la elaborareaRaportului cu privire la aplicareade ctre Romnia a Conventiei-c a d r u p e n t r u p r o t e c i am i n o r i t i l o r n a i o n a l e aConsiliului Europei, precum i laelaborarea capitolelor referitoarela minoritile naionale dinrapoartele Romniei ctre alteinstituii i organisme interna-ionale.

T r e b u i e m e n i o n a t colaborarea foarte bun dintreDepartamentul pentru RelaiiInteretnice i direciile generale

pentru minoriti naionale dincadrul Ministerului Educaiei iCercetrii i Ministerului Culturiii Cultelor.

Problematica romilor este

gestionat de ctre Oficiul pentruP r o b l e m e l e R o m i l o r , c ef u n c i o n e a z n c a d r u lDepartamentului pentru RelaiiInteretnice, conform Ordonaneide Urgen a Guvernului nr. 11/2004. Oficiul este coordonat de dl.Ilie Dinc, subsecretar de stat,

personalitate din rndul etniei

romilor.

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Government Urgency Ordinance

no. 11/2004. The Bureau iscoordinated by Mr. Ilie Dinc,State sub-secretary, personality ofthe Roma people.

The protection of the nationalminorities and the improvement ofthe Roma people situation isachieved by the permanent andactive implication of central publicinstitutions, as well as of the localauthorities, so that these aims may

become integral part of the currenta c t i v i t i e s o f t h e p u b l i cadministration, at all levels. Animportant document consisted inthe adoption of the Strategy of theRomanian Government for the

improvement of the Romapeople situation, elaborated by theMinistry of Public Information,after consulting the ministries andthe Workgroup of the Roma PeopleAssociations. The adoption of thestrategy and its validation througha Government resolution (H.G. no.

th430/25 of April 2001) answers the

need of taking well coordinatedmeasures for the improvement ofthe Roma people situation, whichcontinues to be a short- or average-term priority in the activity of thedepartment, as well as one of the

political criteria on which dependsRomania's process of adherence tothe European Union. The strategy

is applied on liability sectorialareas: community development

P r o t e c i a m i n o r i t i l o r

naionale i mbuntirea situaieiromilor se realizeaz prinimplicarea permanent i activ ainstituiilor publice centrale

precum i a autoritilor locale,astfel nct aceste obiective sdevin par te in tegrant aa c t i v i t i l o r c u r e n t e a l eadministraiei publice, la toatenivelurile. Un document importantl-a constituit adoptarea StrategieiGuvernului Romniei pentrumbuntirea situaiei romilor,e l a b o r a t d e M i n i s t e r u lInformaiilor Publice cu consul-tarea ministerelor i a Grupului deLucru al Asociaiilor Romilor.

Adoptarea strategiei i validarea eiprin hotrre a Guvernului (H.G.nr. 430/25.04.2001) rspundeimperativului de luare a unormsuri bine coordonate pentrumbuntirea situaiei romilor,care continu s fie o prioritate petermen scur t i mediu nactivitatea departamentului,

precum i unul din criteriilepolitice de care depinde procesulde aderare a Romniei la UniuneaEuropean. Strategia este pus naplicare pe arii sectoriale deresponsabilitate: dezvoltarecomunitar i administraie,locuine, asis ten social,

sntate, economie, justiie iordine public, protecia copilului,

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and administration, homes, social

assistance, health, economy,justice and public order, childprotection, education, culture,c o m m u n i c a t i o n a n d c i v i c

participation.The strategy is conceived for a

10-year period (2001-2010) andincludes a plan of concrete action,separated for the first 4 years, withresponsibilities established perins t i tu t ions . The s t ruc tureresponsible for the monitoring andimplementation of the strategy is aMixed Committee made up of therepresentatives of ministries and ofgovernmental agencies, as well asof the associations of Roma people.

In each ministry involved and ineach county there are nowcommissions/bureaus assuring thestrategy in their fields of activity.

We have to say that within theMinistry of Education andResearch, as well as in the Ministryof Culture and Cults, generaldepartments are developing

activities, preoccupied of thespecific problems of nationalminorities.

educaie, cultur, comunicare i

participare civic.Strategia este conceput pe operioada de 10 ani (2001-2010) iinclude un plan de aciune concretealonat pe primii 4 ani, curesponsabiliti stabilite peinstituii. Structura care rspundede monitorizarea i implementareastrategiei este un Comitet mixtformat din reprezentani ai mini-s t e r e l o r i a i a g e n i i l o r guvernamentale, precum i aiasociaiilor romilor. n fiecareminister implicat i n fiecare judes-au nfiinat comisii/oficii careaplica strategia n domeniile lor deactivitate.

Este de menionat faptul c ncadrul Ministerului Educaiei iCercetrii, precum i n MinisterulCulturii i Cultelor i desfoaractivitatea direcii generale care seocup de problemele specifice aleminoritilor naionale.

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2. NATIONAL

MINORITY COUNCIL(CMN)

In Romania several parties andorganizations of the nationalminorities are operational. Thoserepresented in the Parliament arethe fol lowing: Democrat icHungarian Union of Romania,Democratic Forum of Germans ofRomania, Social-Democratic Partyof Roma People, Union of Serbiansof Romania, Union of Armeniansof Romania, Democratic Union ofTartars, Turks and Moslems ofRomania, Democratic Union ofTurks of Romania, Union of

Ukrainians of Romania, CulturalUnion of Ruthenians of Romania,Union of Poles of Romania,Democratic Union of Slovaks andCzechs of Romania, BulgarianUnion of Banat Romania,Community of Lipova Russians ofRomania, Federation of JewishCommunities of Romania, Union

of Croats of Romania, Associationof Macedonians of Romania,League of Albanians of Romania,Hellenic Union of Romania, ItalianCommunity of Romania.

These organizations aremembers of the National MinorityCouncil, consultative organismof the Government created

throught he H.G. no. 137 of 1993

2. CONSILIUL

MINORITILORNAIONALE (CMN)

n Romnia funcioneaz maimulte partide i organizaii aleminoritilor naionale. Celereprezentate n Parlament sunt :Uniunea Democrat Maghiar dinRomnia, Forumul Democrat alGermanilor din Romnia, PartidaRomilor Social-Democrat,Uniunea Srbilor din Romnia,Uniunea Armenilor din Romnia,Uniunea Democrat a TtarilorTurco Musulmani din Romnia,Uniunea Democrat Turc dinRomnia, Uniunea Ucrainenilor

din Romnia, Uniunea Cultural aRutenilor din Romnia, UniuneaPo lonez i lo r d in Romnia ,Uniunea Democratic a Slovacilori Cehilor din Romnia, UniuneaBulgar din Banat Romnia,Comunitatea Ruilor Lipoveni dinRomnia, Federaia ComunitilorEvreieti din Romnia, Uniunea

Croailor din Romnia, AsociaiaMacedonenilor din Romnia, LigaAlbanezilor din Romnia, UniuneaElen din Romnia, ComunitateaItalian din Romnia.

Aces te organiza i i suntm e m b r e a l e C o n s i l i u l u iMinoritilor Naionale, organismconsultativ al Guvernului creat

prin H.G. nr. 137 din 1993 sub

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under the initial name of Council

for National Minorities. Thisforum was reorganized through theH.G. no. 589/2001, modifiedthrough the H.G. no.1175/2001a n d i t i s m a d e o f t h r e er e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h eorganizations of the citizens

belonging to national minorities,represented in the Romanian

Parliament. The Counsil developsits activity plenarily and byspeciality commissions.

The Department for InterethnicRelations is distributed funds fromthe State budget, with thefollowing destinations: amountsallotted for the support of the

activities of the organizations ofcitizens belonging to nationalminorities, as well as amountsallotted for the financing of theinterethnic actions, developed bythe organizations or initiated by thedepartment, based on projects and

programs. For several years, theDepartment for Interethnic

Relations has also supportedactions within the EuropeanCampaign against racism, anti-Semit ism, xenophobia andintolerance (RAXI). Thanks to theac t iv i ty developed by theDepartment for InterethnicR e l a t i o n s a n d b y t h e

parliamentarians of minorities, the

funds allotted for the support of the

denumirea iniial de Consiliul

pentru Minoriti Naionale. Acestfor a fost reorganizat prin H.G. nr.589/ 2001, modificat prin H.G.nr.1175/ 2001 i este format dinc te t r e i r ep rezen tan i a io r g a n i z a i i l o r c e t e n i l o r aparinnd minoritilor naionale,reprezentate n ParlamentulRomniei. Consiliul i desfoar

activitatea n plen i pe comisii despecialitate.

De la bugetu l s ta tu lu i ,Departamentului pentru RelaiiInteretnice i sunt repartizatefonduri ce au urmtoareledestinaii: sume alocate pentrusprijinirea activitilor organiza-

iilor cetenilor aparinndminoritilor naionale, precum isume alocate pentru finanareaaciunilor interetnice, desfuratede organizaii sau iniiate dedepartament, pe baz de proiecte i

programe. Timp de mai muli ani,Departamentul pentru RelaiiInteretnice a sprijinit i aciuni n

cadrul Campaniei europene dec o m b a t e r e a r a s i s m u l u i ,antisemetismului, xenofobiei iintoleranei (RAXI). Datorita c t i v i t i i d e s f u r a t e d eDepartamentul pentru RelaiiInteretnice i de parlamentariiminoritilor, fondurile alocate

pentru sprijinirea organizaiilor

CMN au crescut progresiv. Astfel,

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CMN organizations have increased

progressively. Thus, according toH.G. no. 141/2004 for the approvalof the manner of distribution anduse of the amounts specified underletters a)-e) of the Annex no.3/12/06 from the State Budget Lawon 2004 no. 507/2003, the totalamount of255,000,000 thousandROL, out of which 240,000,000t h o u s a n d R O L f o r t h eorganizations of nationalminorities, and 15,000,000thousand ROL for the financingof projects for interethnicprograms and of fight againstintolerance, is allotted to the DRI.Among the duties of the Council

of National Minorities, wemention:a) coordinates and supports the

activity of organizations of citizensbelonging to national minorities;

b) proposes, for endorsement,the distribution of the fundsallotted to the State budget for thesupport of the organizations of

citizens belonging to nationalminorities;c) makes propositions for the

improvement of the legislativecontext in the field of nationalminorities;

d) makes suggestions to theDRI regarding the adoption ofcer ta in adminis t ra t ive and

financial measures for a more

conform H.G. nr. 141/ 2004 pentru

aprobarea modului de repartizarei de utilizare a sumelor prevzutede lit. a) e) din anexa nr. 3/12/06 laLegea bugetului de stat pe anul2004 nr. 507/ 2003, este alocatDRI suma total de 255.000.000mii lei, din care 240.000.000 miil e i p e n t r u o r g a n i z a i i l eminoritilor naionale i 15.000.000 mii lei pentrufinanare de proiecte programeinteretnice i de combatere aintoleranei.Dintre atribuiile ConsiliuluiMinoritilor Naionale amintim: a) coordoneaz i sprijina c t i v i t a t e a o r g a n i z a i i l o r

c e t e n i l o r a p a r i n n dminoritilor naionale;b) propune spre aprobare

repartizarea fondurilor alocate nbugetul de stat pentru sprijinireao r g a n i z a i i l o r c e t e n i l o r aparinnd minoritilor naionale;

c ) f a c e p r o p u n e r i d embuntire a cadrului legislativ

din domeniul minoriti lor naionale;d) nainteaz propuneri DRI n

legatur cu adoptarea unor msuricu caracter administrativ ifinanciar n scopul soluionrii maieficiente, n condiiile legii, a

problemelor ce intr n competenasa.

e) propune Guvernului msuri

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efficient solution, under the law, of

the p rob lems en te r ing i t scompetence.e) proposes the Government to

take measures for the improvementof the social and cultural life of thecitizens belonging to nationalminorities and to reflect as faithfulas possible the problematic of thenational minorities in mass-media;

f) analyzes and suggests to theGovernment the necessarymeasures to develop education inthe languages of the nationalm i n o r i t i e s u n d e r o p t i m a lconditions;

g) initiates and maintainscooperation relations with the civil

society and with internationalbodies with activity in the field ofnational minorities.

3. NATIONAL COUNCILFOR THE FIGHT AGAINSTDISCRIMINATION

A very important moment inthe evolution of the Romanianlegislation referring to nationalminori t ies consis ts of theenactment of the GovernmentO r d i n a n c e n o . 1 3 7 / 2 0 0 0 (subsequently endorsed by law no.48/2002) regarding the preventiona n d s a n c t i o n o f a l l i t s

d iscr iminat ion forms . The

de mbuntire a vieii sociale i

culturale a cetenilor aparinndmin o r i t i l o r n a i o n a l e ireflectarea ct mai fidel a

problemat ici i minori t i lo rnaionale n mass-media;

f) analizeaz i propuneGuvernului msurile necesaredesfurrii n condiii optime anv mn tu lu i n l imbi leminoritilor naionale;

g) iniiaz i menine legturide cooperare cu societatea civil icu organisme internaionale cuactivitate n domeniul minoritilornaionale.

3. CONSILIUL NAIONALPENTRU COMBATEREADISCRIMINRII

Un moment deosebit deimportant n evoluia legislaieiromneti n materia minoritilornaionale l constituie adoptareaOrdonanei Guvernului nr. 137 /2000 (aprobat ulterior prin Legeanr. 48 / 2002) privind prevenirea isancionarea tuturor formelor dediscriminare. Cadrul instituional

pentru aplicarea dispoziiilor sale a

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insti tutional frame for the

application of its provisions wasestablished through the H.G. no.1194/2001 regarding the creation,organization and operation of theNational Council for the Fightagainst Discrimination (CNCD).The Council is an executives t r u c t u r e o f t h e c e n t r a ladministration, subordinated to the

Government, whose main role is toimplement the principle of equality

between citizens by propositions ofnormative acts in the field, thecollaboration with the publicauthorities, elaboration of studies,recept ion of reques ts andcomplaints etc. CNCD started to

operate starting with year 2002.The enactment of this normativeact was appreciated in the Reporton the progresses recorded byRomania while preparing to adhereto the European Union.

The ordinance aligns Romaniato the international standards in thefield, but it also represents a

guarantee of the fact that theapplication of the laws and policiesconcerning the protection ofnational minorities is going to

become more efficient. Thisnormative act defines the term ofdiscrimination as being anydifference, exclusion, restriction or

preference based on race,

nationality, thinking, ethnicity,

fost stabilit prin Hotrrea

Guvernului nr. 1194/ 2001 privindc r e a r e a , o r g a n i z a r e a ifuncionarea Consiliului Naionalp e n t r u C o m b a t e r e aDiscriminrii (CNCD). Consiliuleste o structur executiv aa d m i n i s t r a i e i c e n t r a l e ,subordonat Guvernului, ce are ca

principal rol implementarea

principiului egalitii ntre ceteniprin propuneri de acte normative nmaterie, colaborarea cu autoritile

publice, elaborarea de studii,primirea de cereri i reclamaii etc.CNCD a nceput s funcionezencepnd cu anul 2002. Adoptareaacestui act normativ a fost

apreciat n Raportul asupraprogreselor nregistrate deRomnia n pregtirea pentruaderarea la Uniunea European.

Ordonana aliniaz Romnia lastandardele internaionale nmaterie, dar constituie i o garaniea faptului c aplicarea legilor i a

politicilor privind protecia

minoritilor naionale urmeaz adeveni mai eficient. Prinintermediul acestui act normative s t e d e f i n i t t e r m e n u l d ediscriminare, ca fiind oricedeosebire, excludere, restricie sau

preferin pe baz de ras,naionalitate, gndire, etnie, limb,re l ig ie , ca tegor ie soc ia l ,

convingeri, sex sau orientare

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language, religion, social category,

convictions, sex or sexualorientation, belonging to adisfavoured category, or any othercriterion whose purpose or effect isto restrict or eliminate recognition,use or exercise, under conditions ofequality, of the human rights and ofthe fundamental liberties or of therights granted by law, in the

political, economic, social andcultural field, or in any fields of the

public life.The ordinance contains

provisions referring to the effectiveexercise of some fundamentalrights: equality in the economicactivity, access to public services

(justice, administration, health),the right to personal dignity, as wellas the specific sanctions thatentailed in case of the infringementof the ordinance.

4. OMBUDSMAN

Although stipulated through

constitutional provisions since1991, the Ombudsman institutionwas founded only in March 1997through Law no. 35/1997 and

began to work effectively in theautumn of year 1997. Its main dutyis to protect the rights and libertiesof citizens against abuse orintrusion of local authorities. The

institution receives and solves

sexual, apartenena la o categorie

defavorizat sau orice alt criteriucare are ca scop sau efectrestrngerea sau nlturarearecunoaterii , folosir i i sauexercitrii, n condiii de egalitate,a drepturilor omului i a libertilorfundamentale sau a drepturilorrecunoscute de lege, n domeniul

politic, economic, social i cultural

sau n orice domenii ale vieiipublice.

Ordonana cuprinde dispoziiireferitoare la exerciiul efectiv alunor drepturi fundamentale:e g a l i t a t e a n a c t i v i t a t e aeconomic, accesul la serviciile

publice (justiie, administraie,

sntate), dreptul la demnitatepersonal precum i sanciunilespecifice ce intervin n cazulnclcrii prevederilor acesteia.

4. AVOCATUL POPORULUI

Dei stipulat prin prevederi

constituionale nc din 1991,instituia Avocatului Poporului afost nfiinat abia n martie 1997

prin Legea nr. 35/ 1997 i i-a intratefectiv n atribuii n toamna anului1997. Principala sa atribuie esteaprarea drepturilor i libertilorcetenilor mpotriva abuzului sauingerinelor autoritilor publice.

Instituia primete i soluioneaz

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complaints coming from natural

persons, referring to infringementsof the citizen's rights and libertiescommitted by bodies of the publicadministration. In the structure ofth is ins t i tu t ion there is aDepartment for issues regardingminorities, cults and mass-media.Despite the many difficulties, theOmbudsman is needed in the

Romanian society, being perceivedby citizens as an institution ofhope, an institution to which theyresort very often and in whom theyentrust more and more. We areaware that the efficiency of theOmbudsman consists in the workmethod and in the personality of

the person appointed on this office.Equally important is the fact thatthe Ombudsman shall be able to

become one of the pillars of theprotection system of the humanrights only if he enjoys the trust andhelp of the both the publicauthorities and the citizens. Ofcourse, these efforts shall

transform into success with thesimultaneous support of theOmbudsmen in the countries witha u t h e n t i c a n d t r a d i t i o n a ldemocracy, support that must be

based on institutional and humansolidarity.

The Law no. 677/2001established that the Ombudsman

has the quality of supervision

plngeri adresate de persoane

fizice, cu privire la nclcriled r ep tu r i l o r i l i b e r t i l o r ceteneti svrite de organe aleadmini-s tra ie i publ ice. nstructura acestei instituii exist unDepartament pentru probleme

privind minoritile, cultele imass-media. n ciuda multordificulti, Avocatul Poporului se

impune n societatea romneasc,fiind receptat de ceteni ca oinstituie a speranei, o instituiecreia i se adreseaz frecvent i ncare au tot mai mult ncredere.tim c eficiena ombudsman-uluist n maniera de lucru i n

personalitatea celui desemnat n

aceast funcie. Nu este mai puinadevrat ns c, AvocatulPoporului va putea deveni unul din

pilonii sistemului de protecie adrepturilor omului, numai dac seva bucura de ncrederea i sprijinulatt al autoritilor publice ct i alcetenilor. Bineneles c acesteeforturi se vor transforma n reuite

i cu sprijinul ombudsman-ilor dinrile de autentic i tradiionaldemocraie, sprijin ce trebuie s sefondeze pe solidaritatea institu-ional i uman.

Prin Legea nr. 677/ 2001 s-astabilit c Avocatul Poporului areca l i t a tea de au to r i t a te desupraveghere n domeniu l

proteciei datelor personale. n

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authority in the field of protection

of personal information. In thisquality, the Ombudsman developsits activity under conditions ofcomplete independence andimpartiality and monitors andcontrols under the aspect ofillegality the processing ot

personal data that falls under theincidence of Law no. 677/2001 or

of other provisions or provisionssetteling the protection of personsconcerning the treatment of

personal data and the freecirculation of this information.One of the deputies of theOmbudsman was appointed tocoordinate the field of personal

data protection, and within theOmbudsman institution a goup wasformed for the protection of

persons concerning the treatmentof personal data and the freecirculation of this information.5. CIVIL SOCIETY

The partnership between theDepartment for InterethnicRelations and the civil society ofRomania was substantiated both bycreating common programs and

projects, and by participating invarious manifestations.

The civil society, acting in thefield of human rights in general and

of the national minorities in

aceas t ca l i t a te , Avoca tu l

Poporului i desfoar activitatea n c o n d i i i d e c o m p l e t independen i imparialitate imonitorizeaz i controleaz - subaspectul legalitii - prelucrrile dedate cu caracter personal care cadsub incidena Legii nr. 677/ 2001sau a altor dispoziii carer e g l e m e n t e a z p r o t e c i a

pe r soane lo r cu pr iv i r e l atratamentul datelor cu caracter

personal i libera circulaie aacestor date.

U n u l d i n t r e a d j u n c i iAvocatului Poporului a fostdesemnat s coordoneze domeniul

proteciei datelor personale, iar n

cadrul instituiei AvocatuluiPoporului a fost nfiinat un gruppentru protecia persoanelor cuprivire la prelucrarea datelor cucaracter personal i liberacirculaie a acestor date.5. SOCIETATEA CIVIL

Parteneriatul dintre Departa-mentul pentru Relaii Interetnice isocietatea civil din Romnia s-aconcretizat att prin realizarea de

programe i proiecte comune, ct iprin participarea la diversemanifestri.

Societatea civil, activa ndomeniul drepturilor omului n

general i al minoritilor naionale

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particular, has expressed its

preoccupations, by considerablye n l a r g i n g t h e r a n g e o f interventions. Thus, one can noticea special dynamics of the ONGwhich are interested in the

problematic of the Roma people,a n d t h e i r e f f i c i e n c y i sacknowledged and appreciated.Therefore, these ONG are partners

of the Government in theelaboration of strategies, programsand projects that address to the

problematic of the Roma people.The DRI partnership with

the civil society does not consistonly in negotiation or consultancyactions, but it is very often

corroborated at the level offinancing certain actions. TheDepartment for InterethnicRelations, as a governmentalstructure, whose general duty is to

promote strategies for the keeping,development and expressing of theidentity of persons belonging tonational minorities, has at its

disposal in year 2004 a budget of15 billions ROL, which can bea c c e s s e d t h r o u g h a nauction/selection system, by anyins t i tu t ion o r na t iona l o r international ONG that proposesan interethnic project.

The collaboration with thesegment specialized on minorities

of the Romanian civil society was

n s p e c i a l , i - a n u a n a t

p r e o c u p r i l e , l r g i n d u - iconsiderabil paleta interveniilor.Astfel, se poate observa o dinamicspecial a ONG-lor care se

preocup de problematica romilor,iar eficiena lor este recunoscut iapreciat. Ca urmare, aceste ONG-uri se constituie n parteneri aiG u v e r n u l u i n e l a b o r a r e a

strategiilor, programelor iproiectelor care se adreseazproblematicii romilor.

P a r t e n e r i a t u l D R I c usocietatea civil nu const doar na c i u n i d e n e g o c i e r e s a uconsultan ci, de multe ori secolaboreaz i la nivelul finanrii

unor aciuni. Departamentulpentru Relaii Interetnice, castructur guvernamental, ce are caatribuie general promovareaunor strategii pentru pstrarea,dezvol tarea i expr imareaidentitii persoanelor aparinndminoritilor naionale, are ladispoziie n anul 2004 un buget de

15 miliarde lei, care pot fi accesaiprintr-un sistem de licitaie/selecie, de ctre orice instituie sauONG naional sau internaional,care propune un proiect interetnic.

Colaborarea cu segmentulspecializat pe minoriti alsocietii civile romneti a fostdintre cele mai fructuoase, ntre

parteneri numrndu-se Institutul

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one of the most profitable, among

whose partners were the RomanianInstitute for the Human Rights, theIntercultural Institute Timioara,the Center of Resources for Ethno-cultural Diversity of Cluj, theE u r o - r e g i o n a l C e n t e r f o r D e m o c r a c y T i m i o a r a ,Organization of Ethno-culturalProjects for Roma people, and

many others.We believe that Romania

owns, at the present time, a suitablelegislative and institutional framein the field of national minorities,that the dialogue between theauthorities and the organizations ofthe national minorities are

performed in good terms, so that inpunc tua l s i tua t i ons whereinfringements of the law appear,one can intervene efficiently torepair the situation. In Romaniathere is no discriminationinstitutionalized on ethnic criteria,the exceptions being solved by theinstitutions habilitated by law. All

these aspects have also beenobserved by the EuropeanCommission, which, in the lastannual reports from the country,shows that Romania observes thecriteria of Copenhagen as for theadherence to the European Union.

Romn pentru Drepturile Omului,

Institutul Intercultural Timioara,Centrul de Resurse pentruDiversitate Etnoculturala din Cluj,Centrul Euroregional pentruD e m o c r a t i e T i m i o a r a ,Organizaia Proiecte RomeEtnoculturale i multe altele.

Suntem de prere c Romniadispune la ora actual de un cadrulegislativ i instituional adecvat ndomeniul minoritilor naionale,c dialogul autoriti organizaiiale minoritilor naionale serealizeaz n bune condiiuni, aanct n situaiile punctuale unde se

produc nclcri ale legii se poatei n t e r v e n i e f i c i e n t p e n t r u

remedierea situaiei. n Romnian u e x i s t o d i s c r i m i n a r einstituionalizat pe criterii etnice,excepiile fiind rezolvate de ctreinstituiile abilitate de lege. Toateaceste aspecte au fost constatate ide ctre Comisia European, caren ultimele rapoarte anuale de ararat c Romnia ndeplinete

criteriile de la Copenhaga n ceeace privete aderarea la UniuneaEuropean.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:

- Government Resolution no. 749rdof the 3 of July 2003 regarding the

organization and functioning of theDepartment for InterethnicRelations;- Government Resolution no.141/2004 for the approval of themanner to distribute and use theamounts specified under lettersa)e) of the annex no. 3/12/06 to theState Budget Law on year 2004 no.507/2003;- Government Resolution no. 747

rdof the 3 of July 2003 regarding theorganization and functioning of theGeneral Secretariat of the

Government;- Government Resolution no. 430thof the 25 of April 2001 concerning

the approval of the Strategy of theRomanian Government to improvethe Roma people's situation;- Government Resolution no. 589

stof the 21 of June 2001 regardingthe formation of the National

Minority Council; th- Law no. 48 of the 16 of January2002 for the approval of theGovernment Ordinance no.137/2000 regarding the preventionand sanction of all forms ofdiscrimination;- Government Resolution no. 1,194

thof the 27 of November 2001

regarding the organization and

BIBLIOGRAFIE :

- Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 749 din3 iulie 2003 privind organizarea ifuncionarea Departamentului

pentru Relaii Interetnice;- Hotrrea Guvernului nr.141/2004 pentru aprobareamodului de repartizare i deutilizare a sumelor prevzute de lit.a) e) din anexa nr. 3/12/06 la Legea

bugetului de stat pe anul 2004 nr.507/2003;- Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 747 din3 iulie 2003 pentru organizarea ifuncionarea SecretariatuluiGeneral al Guvernului;- Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 430 din

25 aprilie 2001 privind aprobareaStrategiei Guvernului Romniei dembuntire a situaiei romilor;- Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 589 din21 iunie 2001 privind nfiinareaC o n s i l i u l u i M i n o r i t i l o r

Naionale;- Legea nr. 48 din 16 ianuarie 2002

pentru aprobarea Ordonantei

Guvernului nr. 137/2000 privindprevenirea i sancionarea tuturorformelor de discriminare;- Hotarrea Guvernului nr. 1.194din 27 noiembrie 2001 privindorganizarea i funcionareaConsiliului Naional pentruCombaterea Discriminrii;- Legea nr. 35 din 13 martie 1997

privind organizarea i funcionarea

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operation of the National Council

f o r t h e F i g h t a g a i n s tDiscrimination;th- Law no. 35 of the 13 of March

1997 regarding the organizationand operation of the OmbudsmanInstitution;

st- Law no. 677 of the 21 ofNovember 2001 for the protectionof persons concerning the

processing of personal informationand the free circulation of thisinformation.

instituiei Avocatul Poporului;

- Legea nr. 677 din 21 noiembrie2001 pentru protecia persoanelorcu privire la prelucrarea datelor cucaracter personal i liberacirculaie a acestor date.

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Fight against

discrimination maincomponent of theprotection of human rights

in Romania

Adrian CMRAN

Protection of the human rightsand promotion of the equality ofchances are the reference points inthe promotion of any public policy.

The protection of the humanrights is a field suspected to haveseveral approaches, both throughthe perspective of the categories

protected by various normativeacts and institutions, and through

the perspective of various fieldswhere the human rights manifestthemselves.

From the perspective of thefight against discrimination, thesituation is highly complex. The

premise of a discrimination act isthe infringement of one or severalrights in various fields of the

political, social or cultural life. Thep a r t y c o m m i t t i n g t h ediscrimination act can be a natural

person, a public institution, atrading company or some otherlegal person while the target ofsuch manifestation can be persons,groups of persons or communities.Many of the discrimination acts are

hard to prove, but when it is

Combaterea discriminrii

component de baz aprotecieidrepturilor omului n

Romnia

Adrian CMRAN

Protejarea drepturilor omului ipromovarea egalitii de anse suntpuncte de referin n promovareaoricrei politici publice.

Protejarea drepturilor omuluieste un domeniu care estesusceptibil a avea mai multeabordr i , a t t pr in pr ismacategoriilor protejate de diferiteacte normastive i instituii ct i

prin prisma domeniilor diferite ncare drep tur i le omulu i semanifest.

Din punctul de vedere alcombaterii discriminrii, situaiaeste deosebit de complex. O faptde discriminare are ca premisnclcarea unuia sau mai multordrepturi n diferite domenii ale

vieii politice, sociale sauculturale. Partea care comite faptade discriminare poate fi o persoanfizic, o instituie public, osocietate comercial sau o alt

persoan juridic n timp ce intaunor asemenea manifestri pot fialte persoane, grupuri de persoanesau comuniti. Multe dintre

faptele de discriminare sunt greu

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possible, precautions must be more

firm. Our legislation providesconcrete and efficient mechanismsto reduce this phenomenon.

Equally important as thesanction of discrimination acts istheir prevention. In this field, aninstitution cannot act by itself. Theexistence of a solid institutionalframe is the main condition for theefficiency of shares concerning

prevention of discrimination. Inthis field, the formation of the

National Council for the Fightagainst Discrimination came tocomplete an already existing frameand rather operational. We cannotexclude the efforts of the

Romanian State to assure the ratesetting and covering of delicatefields. The foundation of theOmbudsman Institution was an a t u r a l s t e p t o w a r d s t h edemocratization of the society.A l s o , t h e f o u n d i n g o f governmental structure that are

preoccupied exclusively by

promoting new public policies forcertain disfavored categoriesrepresented a need in post-r e v o l u t i o n R o m a n i a . T h eorganization of structures in thefield of national minorities, of thehandicapped persons, of cults, ofthe youth was made on the

background of unequivocal

promotion of a European policy.

de probat dar, atunci cnd acest

lucru este posibil, msurile trebuies fie ferme. Legislaia noastrprevede mecanisme concrete ieficiente pentru reducerea acestuifenomen.

La fel de important ca isancionarea faptelor de discrimi-nare este prevenirea acestora. nacest domeniu o instituie nu poateaciona singur. Existena unuicadru instituional bine nchegateste o condiie primordial pentrueficiena aciunilor privind

prevenirea discriminrii. n acestdomeniu, nfiinarea Consiliului

Naional pentru CombatereaDiscriminrii a venit ca s

ntregeasc un cadru deja existenti, n mare msur funcional. Nuputem exclude eforturile statuluiromn de a asigura normarea iacoperirea unor domenii sensibile.nfiinarea instituiei AvocatuluiPoporului a fost un pas firesc spredemocratizarea societii. Deasemenea, nfiinarea unor

structuri guvernamentale care s seocupe exclusiv de promovareaunor politici publice pentruanumite categorii defavorizate areprezentat o necesitate nRomnia post-revoluionar.Organizarea structurilor ndomeniul minoritilor naionale,al persoanelor cu handicap, al

cultelor al tinerilor s-a fcut pe

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The civil society was also

subject to spectacular evolution.Supported at first by experiencedpersonalities in the field of humanrights, the non-governmentalcurrent was capable of formingspecialists in punctual fields and tocontribute to the change ofmentalities. Looking several years

back, we notice that the subjects

that, at that moment in time, wereconsidered impossible to discussare now subject of debate, thesituation changed. An example forthis would be the use of thematernal language in the publicadministration. Certainly, otherfields shall change.

The human rights protectionsystem includes, in general, boththe legislative area, and theexecutive area and the civil society.An important contribution can be

brought by universities, socialpartners or even by internationalinstitutions. Particularly, the

prevention of discrimination acts

with regard to interethnic relationspresupposes participation of thefollowing actors:- The National Council for theFight against Discrimination as aninstitution liable to apply theG o v e r n m e n t p o l i c y o ndiscrimination;- The Department for Interethnic

Department as institution which

fondul promovrii fr echivoc al

unei politici europene.Societatea civil a cunoscut iea o evoluie spectaculoas.Sprijinit iniial de personaliti cuexperien n domeniul drepturiloro m u l u i , m i c a r e a n e g u -vernamental a fost capabil sformeze specialiti n domenii

punctuale i s contribuie laschimabrea mentalitilor. Privindn urm cu civa ani, observm csubiecte considerate inatacabile laacea vreme astzi sunt dezbtute,situaiile schimbate. Un exemplun acest sens ar fi folosirea limbiimaterne n administraia public.Cu siguran, alte domenii se vor

schimba.Sistemul de protecie adrepturilor omului, generaliznd,ibnclude att sfera legislativuluict i executivul i societateacivil. Un aport important l potaduce medii le univers iare ,

partenerii sociali sau chiarinstituiile internaionale. n

particular, prevenirea faptelor dediscriminare n ceea ce priveterelaiile interetnice presupune

participarea unmtorilor actori:- Consi liul Naional pentruCombaterea Discriminrii cainstituie care rspunde deaplicarea politicii Guvernului nmateria nediscriminrii;

- Departamentul pentru Relaii

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instates and develops public

policies and programs in the fieldof the national minorities;- The Ombudsman Institution -as an institution creating directionlines for the relation between theadministration and the minorities;- The Civil Society as adiscussion partner and as partner inthe promotion and progress of

projects.

T h e p r e v e n t i o n o f discrimination acts can e achieved

by several concrete collaborationmethods. The first method is theelaboration, promotion andimplementation of the public

policies. A position document in acertain field cannot be entirelyelaborated by one institution,

particularly when sectorial policieson long and average term areinvolved. In order to finish themwe need to collaborate with all theinstitutions operating in that fieldand by the support of the civil

s o c i e t y . P r o m o t i o n a n dimplementation are two of the mostimportant aspects for the success ofa policy document. If there is nocol labora t ion be tween theinstitutions of the administration,or, even worse, if there is noinvolvement of the civil society,those principles have all the

chances to remain only at the stage

Interetnice ca instituie care

instituie i deruleaz politicipublice i programe n domeniulminoritilor naionale;- Instituia Avocatului Poporului- ca instituie care creaz liniidirectoare referitor la relaiaadministraie-minoriti;- Societatea civil ca partener dedialog i partener n promovarea iderularea proiectelor.

Prevenirea faptelor de discri-minare se poate realiza pe maimulte ci concrete de colaborare. O

prim cale este cea a elaborrii,promovrii i implementriipoliticilor publice. Un document

de poziie ntr-un anumit domeniunu poate fi elaborat n totalitate deo singur instituie, mai ales cndeste vorba de politici sectoriale petermen mediu i lung. Pentrudefinitivarea acestora este nevoiede colaborarea tuturor instituiilorcu activitate n acel domeniu i desprijinul societii civile.

Promovarea i implementareasunt dou aspecte deosebit deimportante pentru reuita unuidocument de politici. Neexistndcolaborare ntre instituiileadministraiei sau, mai grav,neexistnd o implicare a societiicivile, acele principii au toateansele de a rmne doar la stadiul

de concept paper. n domeniul

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of concept paper. In the field of

interethnic relations we found,during the last years, a series ofpositive examples. Also, theNational Council for the Fightagainst Discrimination elaborated,in collaboration with the central

public administration and with thecivil society, the National Plan forthe Fight against Discrimination.

In fact, it is an atypical example,like the institution itself. Due to thefact that the foundation of theinstitution and the beginning of itsactivity had become ratherstringent, there was practically noreal period meant exclusively tothe institutional construction, this

being made while applyingsanctions, crystallizing of the staff,elaboration of the strategies and

position documents. From thisperspective, the history of theinstitution short indeed is asuccess.

Returning to the problematic ofpreventing discrimination acts, a

second collaboration method is thecollaboration in the promotion andimplementation of the projects and

programs. And in this field,cooperation between the structuresof the public administration and theinvolvement of the civil society aredecisive. Projects, as well as

policies, shall be addressed

directly to the company. Or,

relaiilor interetnice gsim, n

ultimii ani, o serie de exemplepozitive. De asemenea, ConsiliulNaional pentru CombatereaDiscriminrii a elaborat, ncolaborare cu administraia

public central i cu societateacivil Planul Naional pentruCombaterea Discriminrii. Defapt, este un exemplu atipic, ca

instituia n sine. Datorit faptuluic nfiinarea instituiei idemararea activitii acesteiadeveniser stringente, practic nu aexistat nici o perioad realdestinat exclusiv construcieiinstituionale, acest lucru fcndu-se cocnomitent cu aplicarea de

sanciuni, cristalizarea persona-lului, elaborarea strategiilor idocumentelor de poziii. Din acest

punct de vedere, istoria scurt ce-idrept a instituiei este un succes.

Revenind la problematicaprevenirii faptelor de discriminare,o a doua cale de colaborare este ceaa colaborrii n promovarea i

implementarea proiectelor iprogramelor. i n acest domeniucooperarea ntre structurilea d m i n i s t r a i e i p u b l i c e iimplicarea societii civile suntdecisive. Proiectele, la fel ca i

politicile se adreseaz directsocietii. Ori fr impliocareaacesteia rezultatul l putem intui...

Aminteam mai sus despre rolul pe

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without involving it, we can guess

the result... We have mentionedabove the role that the internationalorganisms can play in what it is forthe protection of the human rightsand the assurance of the equality ofchances. Maybe it's here, to this

point, that one could notice howimportant they are with regard tot h e p r e v e n t i o n o f t h e

discrimination acts. In certainstages of the project, theseorganizations can intervene bothwith their expertise and theircontribution in terms of human,material or financial resources. Thereality has proven it, withoutreducing the merits of the national

projects, that a project withinternational implication has alarger impact, and that the chancesof success increase proportionally.

The last collaboration methodis that concerning the cooperationin the field of the construction or oft h e c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f t h einstitutional frame. Without trying

to develop this aspect, it is enoughto analyze the evolution of thegovernmental structures in thefield of national minorities in orderto accomplish the importance ofcooperation of the actors involvedin this f ield. Without theOrganizations of the citizens

belonging to national minorities, of

the National Minority Council, we

care organismele internaionale l

pot juca n ceea ce priveteprotejarea drepturilor omului iasigurarea egalitii de anse.Poate aici, la acest punct se poateobserva ct de importante suntacestea n ceea ce privete

p r e v e n i r e a f a p t e l o r d ediscriminare. La anumite faze ale

proiectului aceste organizaii pot

interveni att cu expertiz ct iprin aport de resurse umane,m a t e r i a l e s a u f i n a n c i a r e .Realitatea a dovedit-o, fr ascdea din meritele proiectelornaionale, c un proiect cuimplicare internaional are unimpact mai mare iar ansele de

reuit cresc proporional.Ultima cale de colaborare estecea pr ivind cooperarea ndomeniul construciei sau ntririicadrului instituional. Fr ancerca o dezvoltare a acestuiaspect este suficient a analizae v o l u i a s t r u c t u r i l o r guvernamentale n domeniul

minoritilor naionale pentru arealiza importana cooperriiactorilor implicai n acestdomeniu.Fr Organizai i lec e t e n i l o r a p a r i n n dmin o r i t i l o r n a i o n a l e , aC o n s i l i u l u i M i n o r i t i l o r

Naionale, am fi vorbit la aceastor despre direciile din cadrul

ministerelor care au atribuii n

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would have spoken at this time

about the directions within theministries with duties in certainsocial fields of the minorities.

As we were saying above, theuniversity environment and social

partners have an important role inthis system. We are very well awareof the capacity of the University tomould mentalities. From here on, aseries of specialists in the field ofhuman rights, in general, of thefight against discrimination, in

particular, can be formed andpromoted. Also, taking intoaccount the huge human resourcesof the Universities, study makingand research are something to

consider. The social partners tradeunions, patronages are moreactive, especially from the

perspective of policies, projectsand programs in the field of theworkforce market, of the workrelations. But even here, the issuesare more complex, and any

precaution taken in this field

without the participation of thesepartners shall fail.The company is in continuous

development. And so is the field ofhyman rights. Implicitly, themethods to infringe them are morerefined. But we must say that, for asling as the institutional frame issupported on pillars by itself, the

fight for the promotion of equality

anumite domenii sociale ale

minoritilor.Aa cum aminteam, un rolimportant n acestsistem, l aumediul universitar i parteneriisociali. Este cunoscut rolul demodelator de mentaliti alUniversitii. De aici, pot fi formaii promovai o serie de specialitin domeniul drepturilor omului, ng e n e r a l , a l c o m b a t e r i idiscriminrii, n special. Deasemenea, avnd n vedere uriaeleresurse umane pe care le auUniversitile, efectuarea de studiii cercetri este un lucru caretrebuie luat n considerare.Partenerii sociali sindicate,

patronate sunt active mai ales nceea ce privete politicile,proiectele i programele ndomeniul pieii forei de munc, alrelaiilor de munc. Dar i aici

problemele sunt complexe i oricemsur ntreprins n acestdomeniu fr participarea acestor

parteneri este sortit eecului.

Societatea este ntr-o continudezvoltare. Domeniul drepturiloromului la fel. Implicit i metodelede nclcare a acestora devin mairafinate. Trebuie spus ns, c,atta timp ct cadrul instituionalse sprijin pe piloni siguri, lupta

pentru promovarea egalitii deanse are toate premisele reuitei.

T o c m a i d e a c e e a f e l i c i t

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of chances has all the premises to

succeed. That is exactly why I nowcongratulate the organizers for theinitiative to organize such amanifestation, and I thank them forthe invitation to participate.

organizatorii pentru iniiativa

organizr i i un ie as t fe l demanifestri i le mulumesc pentruinvitaia de a participa.

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ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT

INTERETHNIC RELATIONSDEPARTMENT

Attila MARKOState Sub-Secretary

Evolution of the interethnicrelations promotion

system since thefoundation of the NationalMinorities Council in 1993

Introduction

This material is rather adatabase. We have not intended tolinearly describe a history of the

National Minority Council, but torapidly present the contribution ofthe NMC and of the Interethnic

Relations Department (the ex-National Minorities ProtectionDepartment) on the creation of anew legal and institutional framefor the promotion of the rights ofthe national minorities.

I think that during these 10years (that have become 11 in themeantime) the most importantaccomplishment was the way to a

GUVERNUL ROMNIEI


Attila MARKOSubsecretar de stat

Evoluia sistemului depromovare a relaiilor

interetnice de la creareaConsiliului Minoritilor

Naionale n 1993

Introducere

Prezentul material este maidegrab o baz de date. Nu am avutintenia de a descrie cursiv o istoriea Consil iului Minoriti lor

Naionale, ci s prezentm, succinti n date, contribuia CMN i a

Departamentului pentru RelaiiInteretnice (fostul Departament

pentru Protecia MinoritilorNaionale) la crearea unui noucadru juridic i instituional pentru

p r o m o v a r e a d r e t u r i l o rminoritilor naionale.

n decursul acestor 10 ani (carentre timp au devenit 11) cred ccea mai important realizare a fost

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real change of mentality. Leaving

aside the apparently tiringenumeration of dates, thisaccomplishment could not berecorded as a simple dash amongthe others. But it is a reality, a sumand at the same time a commondenominator of all the dashes tocome...

1. Legislation1993: Council for NationalMinorities (the initial name)was funded through the HG(Government Resolution) no.

th137 of the 6 of April 1993, asa consultative organism ofthe Government meant to

assure an adequate, modernf r a m e o f d e m o c r a t i cp a r t i c i p a t i o n o f t h erepresentatives of the nationalminorities in taking legislative,administrative and financialdecisions concerning them;1995: signing and ratificationof the Convention framefor

the protection of nationalminorities, legal instrument ofthe European Council;1995: signing of theEuropeanCharta of regional or minoritylanguages from the EuropeanCouncil system;1995: enforcement of theEducat ion Law no. 84,

republished with amendments

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drumul parcurs ctre o real

schimbare de mentalitate. Trecndpeste nirrile aparent obositoarede date, aceast realizare nu a pututfi trecut ca o simpl liniu printrecelelalte. Este ns o realitate, osum i n acelai timp un numitorcomun al tuturor liniuelor ceurmeaz...

1. Legislaie1993: Consiliul pentruM i n o r i t a t i N a t i o n a l e(denumirea initiala) a fostinfiintat prin HG nr. 137 din6 aprilie 1993, ca organismconsultativ al Guvernuluimenit sa asigure un cadru

a d e c v a t , m o d e r n , d eparticipare democratica areprezentantilor minoritatilornationale la luarea deciziilor deordin legislativ, administrativsi financiar care le privesc;1995: semnarea i ratificareaConveniei cadru pentru

p ro t ec i a m i n o r i t i l o r

naionale, instrument juridic alConsiliului Europei;1995: semnarea Carte ieuropene a limbilor regionale

sau minoritare din sistemulConsiliului Europei;1 9 9 5 : ad o p ta r ea Leg i invmntu lu i , n r . 84 ,republicat cu modificri n

1999;

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in 1999;

1996: signing and ratificationof the bilateral treaty withHungary;1997: signing and ratificationof the bilateral treaty withUkraine;1998: ratification of the

European Charta of localautonomy;1999: ratification of theFrameConvention for cross-bordercooperation;O.U.G. (Government UrgencyOrdinance) no. 21/1997regarding the returning of realestates that used to belong toJewish communi t i e s o f

Romania;O.U.G. no. 13/1998 regardingthe returning of real estates thatused to belong to communitiesof Romanian national minoritycitizens;O.G. no.111/1998 for theamendment of O.U.G no.2 1 / 1 9 9 7 r e g a r d i n g t h e

returning of real estates thatused to belong to Jewishcommunities of Romania;O.G. no.112/1998 regardingthe returning of real estates thatused to belong to Romaniannational minority communities(organizations, religious cults);O.U.G no. 83/1999 regardingthe returning of real estates that

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CNCD_Sistemul_Complementar_2004

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