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SISTEMUL COMPLEMENTAR DEPROTECIE A DREPTURILOR OMULUI I
DE COMBATERE A DISCRIMINRII NROMANIA
COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM OFPROTECTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTSAND FIGHT AGAINST DISCRIMINATION
IN ROMANIA
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Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a RomnieiSistemul complementar de protecie a drepturiloromului i de combatere a discriminrii din Romnia /
coord.: dr. Cristian Jura. - Braov : Editura Universitii"Transilvania",2004ISBN 973-635-377-X
Jura, Cristian (coord.)
342.7(498)316.647.82(498)
Toate drepturile rezervate editurii Universitii Transilvania- Braov
Nici o parte din acest volum nu poate fi copiat fr permisiuneascris a editurii Universitii Transilvania- Braov
COPYRIGHT 2004 by Transilvania University Brasov, RomaniaAll rights reserved.The distribution of this book outside Romania without the writtenpermission of Transilvania University is strictly prohibited.
EDITURA UNIVERSITII TRANSILVANIA - BRAOVB-DUL EROILOR NR. 9 500030, BRAOVTEL/FAX: + 40 268 475 348
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Lucrare editat cu sprijinulGUVERNULUI ROMNIEI
DEPARTAMENTUL PENTRURELAII INTERETNICE
SISTEMUL COMPLEMENTAR DEPROTECTIE A DREPTURILOR
OMULUI SI DE COMBATERE A
DISCRIMINARII DIN ROMANIA
La procesul laborios al apariieiacestei lucrri, proces ce a
nceput la data de 25 mai 2004cu seminarul SISTEMUL
COMPLEMENTAR DE PROTECIEA DREPTURILOR OMULUI I DECOMBATERE A DISCRIMINRII
DIN ROMNIAi care se vancheia cu editarea i lansareanmediul universitar al acesteia, o
contribuie important a avutAsociaia de Promovare a
Drepturilor Omului i de Luptmpotriva Discriminrii dinRomnia prin preedinteleacestuia dl. Mihai Coman
Brochure edited with the support
of the
GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIATHE DEPARTMENT FOR
INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS.
THE COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEMOF PROTECTION OF THE HUMAN
RIGHTS AND FIGHT AGAINST
DISCRIMINATION IN ROMANIA
The Romanian Association for
Promoting Human Rights and
Combating Discrimination, through
Mr. Mihai Coman, President, had
an important contribution to thelaborious process of editing and
publishing of this brochure. The
process started on May 25, 2004
with the seminar THE
COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM FOR
THE PROTECTION OF HUMANRIGHTS AND COMBATING
DISCRIMINATION IN ROMANIAand will end with the publishing
and launching of this brochure in
the academic circles.
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COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM OF PROTECTION OF
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05
Astzi, n Romnia, complexul
de valori privind libertiledemocratice ale ceteanului iprotecia drepturilor omului adevenit nu numai un element al
percepiei comune i un fapt alcontiinei sociale, ci i ocomponent a doctrinelor politiceale partidelor mature i uni n s t r u m e n t i m p o r t a n t a l
funcionrii statului de drept iinstituiilor sale.
Romnia a demonstrat catenia acordat drepturilorminoritilor, modalitilor deafirmare i de protejare aidentitilor etnice i culturale esteo cale ctre stabilitate,convieuire
panic i dezvoltare social, aranoastr constituind mecanismeleinsti-tuionale i legislative princare drepturile minoritilor etnicesunt asigurate.
Cu toate acestea, nu suntemcomplet imuni la posibile derapajectre diferite forme de intoleran.Europa Centrala i de Est a
c u n o s c u t d u p c d e r e acomunismului conflicte violente,care au artat ct de periculoas
poate fi ignorarea valorilor inefuncionarea democraiei,nclcarea drepturilor i libertilorceteneti, tratamentul neadecvataplicat minoritilor. Este nevoiede o vigilent permanent i de
eforturi de implicare personal sauin s c r ip i o n a l a c e lo r c a
Today, in Romania, the
complex of values concerning thedemocratic liberties of the citizenand the protection of the humanrights has become not only anelement of the common perceptionand a fact of social conscience, butalso a component of politicaldoctrines of mature parties and animportant instrument for the
functioning of the legal statute andof its institutions.
Romania has demonstrated thatthe attention granted to themin o r i t i e s ' r i g h t s , t o t h eaffirmation modalit ies and
protection of the ethnic andcultural identities is a way to
stability, peaceful cohabitation andsocial development, out countryhaving the institutional andlegislative mechanisms by whichthe rights of the ethnic minoritiesare guaranteed.
However, we are not completelyimmune to the possible skidding tovarious intolerance forms. The
Central Europe and the EasternEurope witnessed violent conflictsafter the collapse of communism,w h i c h d e m o n s t r a t e d h o wdangerous ignoring of values andlack of operation, violation of therights and liberties of citizens,unsuitable treatment applied tominor children can be. Permanent
v ig i lance our personal or inscriptional involvement efforts
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06
are needed.
I n t h i s c o n t e x t , t h eco mp lemen ta r y s y s t em o f protection of the human rights andfight against discriminationfunctioning in Romania issomething new in the field.Thus, the protection of humanrights is guaranteed through 5 main
pillars: governmental structures(Department for InterethnicRelations, as well as other relateddepar tmen ts f rom var iousministries), the National Councilf o r t h e F i g h t a g a i n s tDiscrimination, the Ombudsman,the Council of National Minorities,as well as the civil society.
In the perspective of the futureUnited Europe, the outline of acohabitation among one's equals,without discriminations, theidentification of the reduction andelimination methods, in time, ofthe actual economic and socialdiscrepancies shall impose moreand more as priority subjects and
common action objectives.A l l t h e s e c a n n o t b ea c c o m p l i s h e d u n l e s s t h econsolidation activities of the
protection frame offered to ourm u l t i c u l t u r a l s o c i e t y a r econtinued. This material representsthe first step in the accumulation ofinformation concerning the efforts
made by the Romanian society
dumneavoastr.
n acest context, sistemulcomplementar de protecie adrepturilor omului i de combaterea discriminrii care funcioneaz nRomnia este o noutate ndomeniu.Astfel, protecia drepturiloromului se realizeaz prin 5 pilonide baz: structuri guvernamentale(Departamentul pentru RelaiiInteretnice, precum i altedepartamente de profil din diverseministere), Consiliul Naional
pentru Combaterea Discriminrii,Avocatul Poporului, ConsiliulMinoritilor Naionale,precum isocietatea civil.
n perspectiva viitoarei EuropeUnite, conturarea cadrului uneiconvieuiri ntre egali, frdiscriminri, identificarea cilorde reducere i eliminare, n timp, aactualelor discrepane economico-sociale se vor impune tot mai multca teme prioritare i obiective deaciuni comune.
Toate acestea nu pot fi nsreal izate dect cont inundactivitilor de consolidare acadrului de protecie oferitsocietii noastre multiculturale.Acest material reprezint un prim
pas pentru cumularea informaiilorprivind eforturile fcute desocietatea romneasc - guvern,
s o c i e t a t ea c iv i l p en t r u
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government, civil society for the
promotion of the human rights andfight against discrimination.This work, bilingually printed
shall be presented both to theRomanian public, and to theexternal partners that have beenshowing special interest in thismatter.
Mihai COMANPresident of the Association forthe Promotion of HumanRights and Fight againstDiscrimination
promovarea drepturilor omului i
combaterea discriminrii.Acest lucrare tiprit bilingvva fi prezentat att opiniei publiceromneti, ct i partenerilorexterni care i-au manifestat uninteres deosebit n ultimul timp nlegtur cu aceast tematic.
Mihai COMANPreedinte al Asociaiei dePromovare a DrepturilorOmului i de Lupt mpotrivaDiscriminrii
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ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENT FORINTERETHNIC RELATIONS
Dr. Cristian JURAState Secretary
Complementary system ofhuman rights protection,
in general, and of thenational minorities ofRomania, in particular
I n R o m a n i a , a f t e r t h e
overthrow of the totalitarianregime in December 1989,important steps were made for thecreation of a specific protectionsystem for persons belonging tonational minorities, a system toguarantee and assure them thattheir own identity and culture shall
be respected.
Besides the granting of thespecific rights and liberties ofwhich the persons belonging tonational minorities enjoy, thelegislative frame in the field alsocontains normative acts by whichstructures are created, forming theinstitutional frame concerning the
protection of national minorities.H e n c e , i n R o m a n i a w a s
GUVERNUL ROMNIEI
DEPARTAMENTUL PENTRURELAII INTERETNICE
Dr. Cristian JURASecretar de stat
Sistemul complementar deprotecie a drepturilor
omuluii a drepturilor persoanelor
aparinnd minoritilornaionale din Romnia
n Romnia, dup rsturnarea
regimului totalitar n decembrie1989, s-au efectuat pai importanin crearea unui sistem de proteciespecif ic pentru persoaneleaparinnd minoritilor naionale,sistem care s garanteze i sasigure acestora respectareaidentitii i culturii proprii.
P e l n g c o n s a c r a r e a
drepturilor i libertilor specificede care se bucur persoaneleaparinnd minoritilor naionale,cadrul legislativ n materiecuprinde i acte normative princare se nfiineaz structuri ceformeaz cadrul instituional legatde p ro tec i a minor i t i lo r naionale. Aadar, n Romnia afos t conso l ida t un cadru
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consolidated an institutional
frame based on a normativeframe able to really promote andprotect human rights and the rightsof persons belonging to nationalminorities. The institutional frameis based on 5 complementarypillars, on 5 institutional formsthat intermingle with each other,and which, together, compose the
Romanian complementary systemfor the protection of human rightsand of the rights of persons
belonging to national minorities.This system can be considered ascomplementary because the dutieso f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s a r ecomplementary. All the duties of
these institutions compose aunitary system, complex andflexible, able to satisfy amulticultural, multiethnic andmulti-linguistic society, a patternto war d s wh ich t h e en t i r einternational society is tending,t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t t h eglobalization phenomenon and,
actually, the deepening of theinterdependencies of any kindbetween the states.
The 5 pil lars that thecomplementary protection systemis based on are the following:
st- 1 Pillar governmentalm a d e u p o f s e v e r a lco mp o n en t s . Th e mo s t
important component is the
instituional bazat pe un cadru
normativ capabil s promoveze isa protejeze n mod real drepturileomului i drepturile persoaneloraparinnd minoritilor naionale.Cadrul instituional se bazeaz pe 5piloni complementari, pe 5forme instituionale care sempletesc, se ntreptrund i care,npreun, reunite alctuiesc
sistemul complementar romnescde protecie a drepturilor omului ia d r ep tu r i l o r p e r s o an e lo r aparinnd minoritilor naionale.Acest sistem poate fi consideratcomplementar deoarece atribuiileinstituiilor sunt complemetare.Suma atribuiilor acestor instituii
alctuiesc un sistem unitar,complex i flexibil, capabil sr s p u n d u n e i s o c i e t imulticulturale, multietnice imultilingvistice, model spre carese ndreapt ntreaga societateinternaional, avnd n vederefenomenul globalizrii, i de fapt,adncirea interdependenelor de
orice natur dintre state.Cei 5 piloni pe care se bazeazs is temul complementar de
protecie sunt:- Pilonul I guvernamentalcare este alctuit din mai multec o m p o n e n t e . C e a m a iimportant component esteDepartamentul pentru Relaii
I n t e r e t n i c e d i n c a d r u l
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Department for Interethnic
Relations within the RomanianGovernment, whose role is toelaborate and submit fore n d o r s e m e n t t o t h eGovernment strategies relatedto keeping, developing orexpressing the identity of
persons belonging to nationalm i n o r i t i e s . A l s o , t h e
Department assures themanagement of the budgetsmeant to attain the purposes
proposed. The specializeddepartments for minoritieswithin other ministries such asthe Ministry of Culture andCults or the Ministry of
Education and Research can bec o n s i d e r e d a s o t h e r components of this pillar,developing activities byspecific activity areas;
nd- 2 Pillar represented bythe National MinorityCouncil. Among the duties ofthe National Minority Council,
the most important are thecoordination and support of theactivity of the organizations ofcitizens belonging to nationalminorities, the proposal ofe n d o r s e m e n t o f t h edistribution of the fundsallotted in the State budget fort h e s u p p o r t o f t h e
organizations of citizens
Guvernului Romniei, care are
rolul de a elabora i supuneGuvernului spre aprobarestrategii pentru pstrarea,dezvoltarea i exprimareai d e n t i t i i p e r s o a n e l o r apar innd minori t i lor naionale. De asemenea,D e p a r t a m e n t u l a s i g u r gestionarea bugetelor destinate
atingerii scopurilor propuse.Alte componente ale acestui
pilon pot fi consideratedepartamentele specializate
pentru minoriti din cadrulaltor ministere, cum ar fiMinisterul Culturii i Cultelor,Minis teru l Educa ie i i
Cercetrii, care desfoaractiviti pe zonele specifice deactivitate;- Pilonul II reprezentat deConsiliul MinoritilorNaionale. Dintre atribuiileConsiliului Minoritilor
Naionale cele mai importantesunt coordonarea i sprijinirea
activitii organizaiilor cet-enilor aparinnd minoritilornaionale, propunerea spreap r o b a r e a r ep a r t i z r i ifondurilor alocate n bugetul des t a t p e n t r u s p r i j i n i r e aorganizaiilor cetenilorapar innd minori t i lor naionale i propunerile de
mbunt i re a cadrului
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b e l o n g i n g t o n a t i o n a l
minorities and the propositionsof improvement of thelegislative frame in the field ofnational minorities. It isimportant to specify that onlyorganizations of the nationalminorities can be part of the
National Minority Council,according to the legislation in
force in Romania.rd- 3 Pillar represented by
the National Council for theF i g h t a g a i n s tDiscrimination. The Councilis an institution specialized int h e f i g h t a g a i n s tdiscrimination, racism and
intolerance. We consider it tobe a pillar different from theOmbudsman because thisinstitution is based on twoEuropean directives, and thea t t r i b u t i o n s a r ecomplementary to those of theO m b u d s m a n , w i t h o u tsuperposing them.
th
- 4 Pillar represented bythe Ombudsman. Its mainduty is to defend the rights andliberties of citizens against theabuse or interference of publicauthorities. The institutionreceives and solves thecomplaints against natural
persons regarding the violation
of the civic rights and liberties
legis lat iv din domeniul
minoritilor naionale. Esteimportant de precizat c dinC o n s i l i u l Min o r i t i l o r
Naionale nu pot face parted e c t o r g a n i z a i i a l eminoritilor naionale, nconformitate cu legislaia nvigoare din Romnia.- Pilonul III reprezentatde Consiliul Naional pentruCombaterea Discriminrii.Consiliul este o instituiespecializat n combatereadiscriminrii, rasismului iintoleranei. Considerm a fiun pilon distinct de AvocatulPoporului deoarece aceast
instituie se bazeaz pe doud i rec t ive eu ropene , i a r atribuiile sunt complementarecu ale Avocatului Poporuluifr a se suprapune.- Pilonul IV reprezentat deA v o c a t u l P o p o r u l u i .Principala sa atribuie esteaprarea drepturilor i liber-
tilor cetenilor mpotrivaabuzului sau ingerinelorautoritilor publice. Instituia
primete i soluioneazplngeri adresate de persoanefizice, cu privire la nclcriledrepturilor i libertilorceteneti svrite de organeale administraiei publice. n
structura acestei instituii
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committed by the public
administration bodies. In thestructure of this institutionthere is a Department for
p r o b l e m s r e f e r r i n g t ominorities, cults and mass-media.
th- 5 Pillar represented bythe civil society. Here qualifyt h e n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a lorganizations, the academicenvironment, the researchinstitutes, social partners,experts and activists in thefield of the protection ofhuman rights and of the rightsof persons belonging tonational minorities.
Hereinafter we shall present allthe institutions composing thecomplementary system for the
protection of human rights and ofthe rights of persons belonging ton a t i o n a l m i n o r i t i e s . T h i s
presentation shall not go verydeeply into details, because each
institution shall benefit from aseparate presentation, much moredetailed, from which shall resulttheir duties and their institutionalcomplementariness.
exist un Departament pentru
probleme privind minoritile,cultele i mass-media.- Pilonul V reprezentat desocietatea civil. Din acest
pilon fac parte organizaiineguvernamenatle, mediula c a d e m i c , i n s t i t u t e d ecercetare, partenerii sociali,experi i activiti n domeniul
proteciei drepturilor omului ia drepturilor aparinndminori-tilor naionale.
n continuare, vor fi prezentatetoate instituiile care alctuiescs is temul complementar de
protecie al drepturilor omului i a
drepturilor persoanelor aparinndminori-tilor naionale. Aceastprezentare nu va intra foarte multn detalii, deoarece fiecareinstituie va beneficia de o
prezentare separat, mult midetaliat, din care vor reieiatribuiile fiecreia i comple-mentaritatea instituional.
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1. DEPARTMENT FOR
INTERETHNICRELATIONS
In order to implement the needof the Government to consult thenational minorities, in 1997 theGovernment created an internalstructure responsible in thisdirection, namely the Departmentfor the Protection of NationalMinorities, managed by a deputyminister. The main duties of thisorganism were the elaboration ofthe governmental policy in relationwith minorities, drawing up of the
proposition of normative acts in thefield of the national minority
protection, of the organization orsupport of interethnic programs.Af t e r t h e e l ec t i o n s o f
November 2000, the Departmentfor the Protection of NationalM i n o r i t i e s b e c o m e s t h eDepartment for InterethnicRelations, developing its activitywithin the Ministry of Public
Information.Following the reorganizationof the Government in year 2003,the Department for InterethnicRelations becomes a body in thesuborder of the Prime Minister andcoordinated with the Ministry forthe coordination of the GeneralSecretariat of the Government,
according to the H.G. no.
1. DEPARTAMENTUL
PENTRU RELAIIINTERETNICE
Pentru a pune n aplicarenecesitatea consultrii de ctreGuvern a minoritilor naionale,n 1997 Guvernul a creat ostructur intern responsabil na c e s t s e n s , i a n u m eDepartamentul pentru ProteciaMinoritilor Naionale, condusd e u n m i n i s t r u d e l e g a t .Principalele atribuii ale acestuiorganism erau elaborarea politiciiguvernamentale n materiaminoritilor, ntocmirea propu-nerilor de acte normative n
domeniul proteciei minoritilornaionale, organizarea sau spri-jinirea unor programe interetnice.
Dup alegerile din noiembrie2000, Departamentul pentruProtecia Minoritilor Naionaledevine Departamentul pentruRelaii Interetnice, desfurndu-i activitatea n cadrul Ministerului
Informaiilor Publice. n u r m a r e o r g a n i z r i iGuvernului din anul 2003,Departamentul pentru RelaiiInteretnice devine organism nsubordinea Primului Ministru i ncoordonarea Ministrului pentrucoordonarea SecretariatuluiGeneral al Guvernului, conform
H.G. nr. 749/2003.
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749/2003.
The department for InterethnicRelations has the following mainduties:
a) elaborates and submits to theGovernment for endorsementstrategies for keeping, developingand expressing of the identity of
persons belonging to nationalminorities;
b) elaborates law projects andother normative acts on its field ofactivity;
c) endorses law projects andother normative acts that haveincidence on the rights andliabilities of persons belonging tonational minorities;
d) monitors the application ofthe internal and internationaln o r m a t i v e a c t s r e g a r d i n g
protection of national minorities;e) submits the Government for
enactment, upon the fundamentalproposition of the NationalMinority Council, based on Lawno. 500/2002 regarding public
finances and annual budgetarylaws, projects of resolutions for thegranting of financial assistance tothe organizations of persons
belonging to national minorities,members of the National MinorityCouncil, and for the approval of thedistribution of the amounts allottedfrom the State budget to these
organizations;
Departamentul pentru Relaii
Interetnice are urmtoareleatribuiiprincipale:a) elaboreaz i supune
Guvernului spre aprobare strategiipentru pstrarea, dezvoltarea iexprimarea identitii persoaneloraparinnd minoritilor naionale;
b) elaboreaz proiecte de legi ialte acte normative din domeniulsu de activitate;
c) avizeaz proiecte de lege ialte acte normative, care auinciden asupra drepturilor i n d a t o r i r i l o r p e r s o a n e l o r aparinnd minoritilor naionale;
d) monitorizeaz aplicareaactelor normative interne i
internaionale referitoare laprotecia minoritilor naionale;e) supune Guvernului spre
a d o p t a r e , l a p r o p u n e r e afundamentat a ConsiliuluiMinoritilor Naionale, n bazaLegii nr. 500/2002 privindfinanele publice i a legilor
bugetare anuale, proiecte de
hotrri pentru acordarea deasisten financiar organizaiilorp e r s o a n e l o r a p a r i n n dminoritilor naionale, membreale Consiliului Minoritilor
Naionale, i pentru aprobarearepartizrii sumelor alocate prin
bugetul de stat acestor organizaii;f) gestioneaz concursuri de
proiecte ale organizai i lor,
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f) administers competitions
with projects of organizations,associations, foundations or otherinstitutions of the funds allottedfrom the State budget for this
purpose or from extra-budgetaryrevenues;
g) collaborates with theNational Minority Council, underthe law;
h) follows the application ofthe legal provisions concerning
protection of national minorities bythe local public authorities;
i) requests and receives dataand information from the publica u t h o r i t i e s , n e c e s s a r y t oaccomplish their own duties, under
the law;j) establishes and maintainsrelationships with governmentala n d n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a lorganizations from the country orfrom abroad and with international
bodies with activity in the field ofnational minorities and of fightingagainst ethnic discrimination;
k) promotes and organizesp r o g r a m s c o n c e r n i n g t h eguaranteeing, keeping, expressing,
promotion and development of theethnic, cultural, linguistic andreligious identity of persons
belonging to national minorities;l ) main ta ins permanent
relations and collaborates with the
authorities of the local public
asociaiilor, fundaiilor sau ale
altor instituii din fondurile alocatede la bugetul de stat n acest scopsau din venituri extrabugetare;
g) colaboreaz cu ConsiliulMinoriti lor Naionale, ncondiiile legii;
h ) u r mr e t e ap l i c a r eaprevederilor legale privindprotecia minoritilor naionale dectre autoritile publice locale;
i) solicit i primete date iinformaii de la autoritile
publice, necesare ndepliniriiatribuiilor proprii, n condiiilelegii;
j) stabilete i menine relaii cuorganizaii guvernamentale i
neguvernamentale din ar i dinstrintate i cu organismeinternaionale cu activitate ndomeniul minoritilor naionale ial combaterii discriminrii pecriterii etnice;
k) promoveaz i organizeazprograme privind garantarea,pstrarea, exprimarea, promovarea
i dezvoltarea identitii etnice,culturale, lingvistice i religioase ap e r s o a n e l o r a p a r i n n dminoritilor naionale;
l) menine legturi permanentei colaboreaz cu autoritileadministraiei publice locale, prinreprezentani cu competeneteritoriale, n vederea identificrii
p r o b l e m e l o r s p e c i f i c e i
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a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , t h r o u g h
representatives with territorialc o m p e t e n c e s , i n v i e w o f identifying specific problems andsolving them;
m) supports scientific researchin the field of interethnic relations,
by maintaining contacts andcollaborating with organizations,institutions and personalities in thefield;
n ) p a r t i c i p a t e s i n t h ee labora t ion of the Repor tconcerning the application inRomania of the Frame-Conventionfor the protection of nationalminorities of the EuropeanCouncil, as well as in the
elaboration of the chaptersconcerning national minorities inthe Romania's reports to otherinternational institutions and
bodies.We must outline the very good
col labora t ion be tween theDepartment for InterethnicRelat ions and the general
departments for national minoritieswithin the Ministry of Educationand Research and the Ministry ofCulture and Cults.
The problematic of the Romapeople is administered by theBureau for Roma peopleproblems, operating within theDepartment for Interethnic
Relations, according to the
soluionrii acestora;
m) sprijin cercetrile tiinificen domeniul relaiilor interetnice,prin meninerea de contacte icolaborarea cu organizaii,instituii i personaliti dindomeniu;
n) particip la elaborareaRaportului cu privire la aplicareade ctre Romnia a Conventiei-c a d r u p e n t r u p r o t e c i am i n o r i t i l o r n a i o n a l e aConsiliului Europei, precum i laelaborarea capitolelor referitoarela minoritile naionale dinrapoartele Romniei ctre alteinstituii i organisme interna-ionale.
T r e b u i e m e n i o n a t colaborarea foarte bun dintreDepartamentul pentru RelaiiInteretnice i direciile generale
pentru minoriti naionale dincadrul Ministerului Educaiei iCercetrii i Ministerului Culturiii Cultelor.
Problematica romilor este
gestionat de ctre Oficiul pentruP r o b l e m e l e R o m i l o r , c ef u n c i o n e a z n c a d r u lDepartamentului pentru RelaiiInteretnice, conform Ordonaneide Urgen a Guvernului nr. 11/2004. Oficiul este coordonat de dl.Ilie Dinc, subsecretar de stat,
personalitate din rndul etniei
romilor.
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Government Urgency Ordinance
no. 11/2004. The Bureau iscoordinated by Mr. Ilie Dinc,State sub-secretary, personality ofthe Roma people.
The protection of the nationalminorities and the improvement ofthe Roma people situation isachieved by the permanent andactive implication of central publicinstitutions, as well as of the localauthorities, so that these aims may
become integral part of the currenta c t i v i t i e s o f t h e p u b l i cadministration, at all levels. Animportant document consisted inthe adoption of the Strategy of theRomanian Government for the
improvement of the Romapeople situation, elaborated by theMinistry of Public Information,after consulting the ministries andthe Workgroup of the Roma PeopleAssociations. The adoption of thestrategy and its validation througha Government resolution (H.G. no.
th430/25 of April 2001) answers the
need of taking well coordinatedmeasures for the improvement ofthe Roma people situation, whichcontinues to be a short- or average-term priority in the activity of thedepartment, as well as one of the
political criteria on which dependsRomania's process of adherence tothe European Union. The strategy
is applied on liability sectorialareas: community development
P r o t e c i a m i n o r i t i l o r
naionale i mbuntirea situaieiromilor se realizeaz prinimplicarea permanent i activ ainstituiilor publice centrale
precum i a autoritilor locale,astfel nct aceste obiective sdevin par te in tegrant aa c t i v i t i l o r c u r e n t e a l eadministraiei publice, la toatenivelurile. Un document importantl-a constituit adoptarea StrategieiGuvernului Romniei pentrumbuntirea situaiei romilor,e l a b o r a t d e M i n i s t e r u lInformaiilor Publice cu consul-tarea ministerelor i a Grupului deLucru al Asociaiilor Romilor.
Adoptarea strategiei i validarea eiprin hotrre a Guvernului (H.G.nr. 430/25.04.2001) rspundeimperativului de luare a unormsuri bine coordonate pentrumbuntirea situaiei romilor,care continu s fie o prioritate petermen scur t i mediu nactivitatea departamentului,
precum i unul din criteriilepolitice de care depinde procesulde aderare a Romniei la UniuneaEuropean. Strategia este pus naplicare pe arii sectoriale deresponsabilitate: dezvoltarecomunitar i administraie,locuine, asis ten social,
sntate, economie, justiie iordine public, protecia copilului,
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and administration, homes, social
assistance, health, economy,justice and public order, childprotection, education, culture,c o m m u n i c a t i o n a n d c i v i c
participation.The strategy is conceived for a
10-year period (2001-2010) andincludes a plan of concrete action,separated for the first 4 years, withresponsibilities established perins t i tu t ions . The s t ruc tureresponsible for the monitoring andimplementation of the strategy is aMixed Committee made up of therepresentatives of ministries and ofgovernmental agencies, as well asof the associations of Roma people.
In each ministry involved and ineach county there are nowcommissions/bureaus assuring thestrategy in their fields of activity.
We have to say that within theMinistry of Education andResearch, as well as in the Ministryof Culture and Cults, generaldepartments are developing
activities, preoccupied of thespecific problems of nationalminorities.
educaie, cultur, comunicare i
participare civic.Strategia este conceput pe operioada de 10 ani (2001-2010) iinclude un plan de aciune concretealonat pe primii 4 ani, curesponsabiliti stabilite peinstituii. Structura care rspundede monitorizarea i implementareastrategiei este un Comitet mixtformat din reprezentani ai mini-s t e r e l o r i a i a g e n i i l o r guvernamentale, precum i aiasociaiilor romilor. n fiecareminister implicat i n fiecare judes-au nfiinat comisii/oficii careaplica strategia n domeniile lor deactivitate.
Este de menionat faptul c ncadrul Ministerului Educaiei iCercetrii, precum i n MinisterulCulturii i Cultelor i desfoaractivitatea direcii generale care seocup de problemele specifice aleminoritilor naionale.
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2. NATIONAL
MINORITY COUNCIL(CMN)
In Romania several parties andorganizations of the nationalminorities are operational. Thoserepresented in the Parliament arethe fol lowing: Democrat icHungarian Union of Romania,Democratic Forum of Germans ofRomania, Social-Democratic Partyof Roma People, Union of Serbiansof Romania, Union of Armeniansof Romania, Democratic Union ofTartars, Turks and Moslems ofRomania, Democratic Union ofTurks of Romania, Union of
Ukrainians of Romania, CulturalUnion of Ruthenians of Romania,Union of Poles of Romania,Democratic Union of Slovaks andCzechs of Romania, BulgarianUnion of Banat Romania,Community of Lipova Russians ofRomania, Federation of JewishCommunities of Romania, Union
of Croats of Romania, Associationof Macedonians of Romania,League of Albanians of Romania,Hellenic Union of Romania, ItalianCommunity of Romania.
These organizations aremembers of the National MinorityCouncil, consultative organismof the Government created
throught he H.G. no. 137 of 1993
2. CONSILIUL
MINORITILORNAIONALE (CMN)
n Romnia funcioneaz maimulte partide i organizaii aleminoritilor naionale. Celereprezentate n Parlament sunt :Uniunea Democrat Maghiar dinRomnia, Forumul Democrat alGermanilor din Romnia, PartidaRomilor Social-Democrat,Uniunea Srbilor din Romnia,Uniunea Armenilor din Romnia,Uniunea Democrat a TtarilorTurco Musulmani din Romnia,Uniunea Democrat Turc dinRomnia, Uniunea Ucrainenilor
din Romnia, Uniunea Cultural aRutenilor din Romnia, UniuneaPo lonez i lo r d in Romnia ,Uniunea Democratic a Slovacilori Cehilor din Romnia, UniuneaBulgar din Banat Romnia,Comunitatea Ruilor Lipoveni dinRomnia, Federaia ComunitilorEvreieti din Romnia, Uniunea
Croailor din Romnia, AsociaiaMacedonenilor din Romnia, LigaAlbanezilor din Romnia, UniuneaElen din Romnia, ComunitateaItalian din Romnia.
Aces te organiza i i suntm e m b r e a l e C o n s i l i u l u iMinoritilor Naionale, organismconsultativ al Guvernului creat
prin H.G. nr. 137 din 1993 sub
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under the initial name of Council
for National Minorities. Thisforum was reorganized through theH.G. no. 589/2001, modifiedthrough the H.G. no.1175/2001a n d i t i s m a d e o f t h r e er e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h eorganizations of the citizens
belonging to national minorities,represented in the Romanian
Parliament. The Counsil developsits activity plenarily and byspeciality commissions.
The Department for InterethnicRelations is distributed funds fromthe State budget, with thefollowing destinations: amountsallotted for the support of the
activities of the organizations ofcitizens belonging to nationalminorities, as well as amountsallotted for the financing of theinterethnic actions, developed bythe organizations or initiated by thedepartment, based on projects and
programs. For several years, theDepartment for Interethnic
Relations has also supportedactions within the EuropeanCampaign against racism, anti-Semit ism, xenophobia andintolerance (RAXI). Thanks to theac t iv i ty developed by theDepartment for InterethnicR e l a t i o n s a n d b y t h e
parliamentarians of minorities, the
funds allotted for the support of the
denumirea iniial de Consiliul
pentru Minoriti Naionale. Acestfor a fost reorganizat prin H.G. nr.589/ 2001, modificat prin H.G.nr.1175/ 2001 i este format dinc te t r e i r ep rezen tan i a io r g a n i z a i i l o r c e t e n i l o r aparinnd minoritilor naionale,reprezentate n ParlamentulRomniei. Consiliul i desfoar
activitatea n plen i pe comisii despecialitate.
De la bugetu l s ta tu lu i ,Departamentului pentru RelaiiInteretnice i sunt repartizatefonduri ce au urmtoareledestinaii: sume alocate pentrusprijinirea activitilor organiza-
iilor cetenilor aparinndminoritilor naionale, precum isume alocate pentru finanareaaciunilor interetnice, desfuratede organizaii sau iniiate dedepartament, pe baz de proiecte i
programe. Timp de mai muli ani,Departamentul pentru RelaiiInteretnice a sprijinit i aciuni n
cadrul Campaniei europene dec o m b a t e r e a r a s i s m u l u i ,antisemetismului, xenofobiei iintoleranei (RAXI). Datorita c t i v i t i i d e s f u r a t e d eDepartamentul pentru RelaiiInteretnice i de parlamentariiminoritilor, fondurile alocate
pentru sprijinirea organizaiilor
CMN au crescut progresiv. Astfel,
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CMN organizations have increased
progressively. Thus, according toH.G. no. 141/2004 for the approvalof the manner of distribution anduse of the amounts specified underletters a)-e) of the Annex no.3/12/06 from the State Budget Lawon 2004 no. 507/2003, the totalamount of255,000,000 thousandROL, out of which 240,000,000t h o u s a n d R O L f o r t h eorganizations of nationalminorities, and 15,000,000thousand ROL for the financingof projects for interethnicprograms and of fight againstintolerance, is allotted to the DRI.Among the duties of the Council
of National Minorities, wemention:a) coordinates and supports the
activity of organizations of citizensbelonging to national minorities;
b) proposes, for endorsement,the distribution of the fundsallotted to the State budget for thesupport of the organizations of
citizens belonging to nationalminorities;c) makes propositions for the
improvement of the legislativecontext in the field of nationalminorities;
d) makes suggestions to theDRI regarding the adoption ofcer ta in adminis t ra t ive and
financial measures for a more
conform H.G. nr. 141/ 2004 pentru
aprobarea modului de repartizarei de utilizare a sumelor prevzutede lit. a) e) din anexa nr. 3/12/06 laLegea bugetului de stat pe anul2004 nr. 507/ 2003, este alocatDRI suma total de 255.000.000mii lei, din care 240.000.000 miil e i p e n t r u o r g a n i z a i i l eminoritilor naionale i 15.000.000 mii lei pentrufinanare de proiecte programeinteretnice i de combatere aintoleranei.Dintre atribuiile ConsiliuluiMinoritilor Naionale amintim: a) coordoneaz i sprijina c t i v i t a t e a o r g a n i z a i i l o r
c e t e n i l o r a p a r i n n dminoritilor naionale;b) propune spre aprobare
repartizarea fondurilor alocate nbugetul de stat pentru sprijinireao r g a n i z a i i l o r c e t e n i l o r aparinnd minoritilor naionale;
c ) f a c e p r o p u n e r i d embuntire a cadrului legislativ
din domeniul minoriti lor naionale;d) nainteaz propuneri DRI n
legatur cu adoptarea unor msuricu caracter administrativ ifinanciar n scopul soluionrii maieficiente, n condiiile legii, a
problemelor ce intr n competenasa.
e) propune Guvernului msuri
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efficient solution, under the law, of
the p rob lems en te r ing i t scompetence.e) proposes the Government to
take measures for the improvementof the social and cultural life of thecitizens belonging to nationalminorities and to reflect as faithfulas possible the problematic of thenational minorities in mass-media;
f) analyzes and suggests to theGovernment the necessarymeasures to develop education inthe languages of the nationalm i n o r i t i e s u n d e r o p t i m a lconditions;
g) initiates and maintainscooperation relations with the civil
society and with internationalbodies with activity in the field ofnational minorities.
3. NATIONAL COUNCILFOR THE FIGHT AGAINSTDISCRIMINATION
A very important moment inthe evolution of the Romanianlegislation referring to nationalminori t ies consis ts of theenactment of the GovernmentO r d i n a n c e n o . 1 3 7 / 2 0 0 0 (subsequently endorsed by law no.48/2002) regarding the preventiona n d s a n c t i o n o f a l l i t s
d iscr iminat ion forms . The
de mbuntire a vieii sociale i
culturale a cetenilor aparinndmin o r i t i l o r n a i o n a l e ireflectarea ct mai fidel a
problemat ici i minori t i lo rnaionale n mass-media;
f) analizeaz i propuneGuvernului msurile necesaredesfurrii n condiii optime anv mn tu lu i n l imbi leminoritilor naionale;
g) iniiaz i menine legturide cooperare cu societatea civil icu organisme internaionale cuactivitate n domeniul minoritilornaionale.
3. CONSILIUL NAIONALPENTRU COMBATEREADISCRIMINRII
Un moment deosebit deimportant n evoluia legislaieiromneti n materia minoritilornaionale l constituie adoptareaOrdonanei Guvernului nr. 137 /2000 (aprobat ulterior prin Legeanr. 48 / 2002) privind prevenirea isancionarea tuturor formelor dediscriminare. Cadrul instituional
pentru aplicarea dispoziiilor sale a
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insti tutional frame for the
application of its provisions wasestablished through the H.G. no.1194/2001 regarding the creation,organization and operation of theNational Council for the Fightagainst Discrimination (CNCD).The Council is an executives t r u c t u r e o f t h e c e n t r a ladministration, subordinated to the
Government, whose main role is toimplement the principle of equality
between citizens by propositions ofnormative acts in the field, thecollaboration with the publicauthorities, elaboration of studies,recept ion of reques ts andcomplaints etc. CNCD started to
operate starting with year 2002.The enactment of this normativeact was appreciated in the Reporton the progresses recorded byRomania while preparing to adhereto the European Union.
The ordinance aligns Romaniato the international standards in thefield, but it also represents a
guarantee of the fact that theapplication of the laws and policiesconcerning the protection ofnational minorities is going to
become more efficient. Thisnormative act defines the term ofdiscrimination as being anydifference, exclusion, restriction or
preference based on race,
nationality, thinking, ethnicity,
fost stabilit prin Hotrrea
Guvernului nr. 1194/ 2001 privindc r e a r e a , o r g a n i z a r e a ifuncionarea Consiliului Naionalp e n t r u C o m b a t e r e aDiscriminrii (CNCD). Consiliuleste o structur executiv aa d m i n i s t r a i e i c e n t r a l e ,subordonat Guvernului, ce are ca
principal rol implementarea
principiului egalitii ntre ceteniprin propuneri de acte normative nmaterie, colaborarea cu autoritile
publice, elaborarea de studii,primirea de cereri i reclamaii etc.CNCD a nceput s funcionezencepnd cu anul 2002. Adoptareaacestui act normativ a fost
apreciat n Raportul asupraprogreselor nregistrate deRomnia n pregtirea pentruaderarea la Uniunea European.
Ordonana aliniaz Romnia lastandardele internaionale nmaterie, dar constituie i o garaniea faptului c aplicarea legilor i a
politicilor privind protecia
minoritilor naionale urmeaz adeveni mai eficient. Prinintermediul acestui act normative s t e d e f i n i t t e r m e n u l d ediscriminare, ca fiind oricedeosebire, excludere, restricie sau
preferin pe baz de ras,naionalitate, gndire, etnie, limb,re l ig ie , ca tegor ie soc ia l ,
convingeri, sex sau orientare
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language, religion, social category,
convictions, sex or sexualorientation, belonging to adisfavoured category, or any othercriterion whose purpose or effect isto restrict or eliminate recognition,use or exercise, under conditions ofequality, of the human rights and ofthe fundamental liberties or of therights granted by law, in the
political, economic, social andcultural field, or in any fields of the
public life.The ordinance contains
provisions referring to the effectiveexercise of some fundamentalrights: equality in the economicactivity, access to public services
(justice, administration, health),the right to personal dignity, as wellas the specific sanctions thatentailed in case of the infringementof the ordinance.
4. OMBUDSMAN
Although stipulated through
constitutional provisions since1991, the Ombudsman institutionwas founded only in March 1997through Law no. 35/1997 and
began to work effectively in theautumn of year 1997. Its main dutyis to protect the rights and libertiesof citizens against abuse orintrusion of local authorities. The
institution receives and solves
sexual, apartenena la o categorie
defavorizat sau orice alt criteriucare are ca scop sau efectrestrngerea sau nlturarearecunoaterii , folosir i i sauexercitrii, n condiii de egalitate,a drepturilor omului i a libertilorfundamentale sau a drepturilorrecunoscute de lege, n domeniul
politic, economic, social i cultural
sau n orice domenii ale vieiipublice.
Ordonana cuprinde dispoziiireferitoare la exerciiul efectiv alunor drepturi fundamentale:e g a l i t a t e a n a c t i v i t a t e aeconomic, accesul la serviciile
publice (justiie, administraie,
sntate), dreptul la demnitatepersonal precum i sanciunilespecifice ce intervin n cazulnclcrii prevederilor acesteia.
4. AVOCATUL POPORULUI
Dei stipulat prin prevederi
constituionale nc din 1991,instituia Avocatului Poporului afost nfiinat abia n martie 1997
prin Legea nr. 35/ 1997 i i-a intratefectiv n atribuii n toamna anului1997. Principala sa atribuie esteaprarea drepturilor i libertilorcetenilor mpotriva abuzului sauingerinelor autoritilor publice.
Instituia primete i soluioneaz
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complaints coming from natural
persons, referring to infringementsof the citizen's rights and libertiescommitted by bodies of the publicadministration. In the structure ofth is ins t i tu t ion there is aDepartment for issues regardingminorities, cults and mass-media.Despite the many difficulties, theOmbudsman is needed in the
Romanian society, being perceivedby citizens as an institution ofhope, an institution to which theyresort very often and in whom theyentrust more and more. We areaware that the efficiency of theOmbudsman consists in the workmethod and in the personality of
the person appointed on this office.Equally important is the fact thatthe Ombudsman shall be able to
become one of the pillars of theprotection system of the humanrights only if he enjoys the trust andhelp of the both the publicauthorities and the citizens. Ofcourse, these efforts shall
transform into success with thesimultaneous support of theOmbudsmen in the countries witha u t h e n t i c a n d t r a d i t i o n a ldemocracy, support that must be
based on institutional and humansolidarity.
The Law no. 677/2001established that the Ombudsman
has the quality of supervision
plngeri adresate de persoane
fizice, cu privire la nclcriled r ep tu r i l o r i l i b e r t i l o r ceteneti svrite de organe aleadmini-s tra ie i publ ice. nstructura acestei instituii exist unDepartament pentru probleme
privind minoritile, cultele imass-media. n ciuda multordificulti, Avocatul Poporului se
impune n societatea romneasc,fiind receptat de ceteni ca oinstituie a speranei, o instituiecreia i se adreseaz frecvent i ncare au tot mai mult ncredere.tim c eficiena ombudsman-uluist n maniera de lucru i n
personalitatea celui desemnat n
aceast funcie. Nu este mai puinadevrat ns c, AvocatulPoporului va putea deveni unul din
pilonii sistemului de protecie adrepturilor omului, numai dac seva bucura de ncrederea i sprijinulatt al autoritilor publice ct i alcetenilor. Bineneles c acesteeforturi se vor transforma n reuite
i cu sprijinul ombudsman-ilor dinrile de autentic i tradiionaldemocraie, sprijin ce trebuie s sefondeze pe solidaritatea institu-ional i uman.
Prin Legea nr. 677/ 2001 s-astabilit c Avocatul Poporului areca l i t a tea de au to r i t a te desupraveghere n domeniu l
proteciei datelor personale. n
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authority in the field of protection
of personal information. In thisquality, the Ombudsman developsits activity under conditions ofcomplete independence andimpartiality and monitors andcontrols under the aspect ofillegality the processing ot
personal data that falls under theincidence of Law no. 677/2001 or
of other provisions or provisionssetteling the protection of personsconcerning the treatment of
personal data and the freecirculation of this information.One of the deputies of theOmbudsman was appointed tocoordinate the field of personal
data protection, and within theOmbudsman institution a goup wasformed for the protection of
persons concerning the treatmentof personal data and the freecirculation of this information.5. CIVIL SOCIETY
The partnership between theDepartment for InterethnicRelations and the civil society ofRomania was substantiated both bycreating common programs and
projects, and by participating invarious manifestations.
The civil society, acting in thefield of human rights in general and
of the national minorities in
aceas t ca l i t a te , Avoca tu l
Poporului i desfoar activitatea n c o n d i i i d e c o m p l e t independen i imparialitate imonitorizeaz i controleaz - subaspectul legalitii - prelucrrile dedate cu caracter personal care cadsub incidena Legii nr. 677/ 2001sau a altor dispoziii carer e g l e m e n t e a z p r o t e c i a
pe r soane lo r cu pr iv i r e l atratamentul datelor cu caracter
personal i libera circulaie aacestor date.
U n u l d i n t r e a d j u n c i iAvocatului Poporului a fostdesemnat s coordoneze domeniul
proteciei datelor personale, iar n
cadrul instituiei AvocatuluiPoporului a fost nfiinat un gruppentru protecia persoanelor cuprivire la prelucrarea datelor cucaracter personal i liberacirculaie a acestor date.5. SOCIETATEA CIVIL
Parteneriatul dintre Departa-mentul pentru Relaii Interetnice isocietatea civil din Romnia s-aconcretizat att prin realizarea de
programe i proiecte comune, ct iprin participarea la diversemanifestri.
Societatea civil, activa ndomeniul drepturilor omului n
general i al minoritilor naionale
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particular, has expressed its
preoccupations, by considerablye n l a r g i n g t h e r a n g e o f interventions. Thus, one can noticea special dynamics of the ONGwhich are interested in the
problematic of the Roma people,a n d t h e i r e f f i c i e n c y i sacknowledged and appreciated.Therefore, these ONG are partners
of the Government in theelaboration of strategies, programsand projects that address to the
problematic of the Roma people.The DRI partnership with
the civil society does not consistonly in negotiation or consultancyactions, but it is very often
corroborated at the level offinancing certain actions. TheDepartment for InterethnicRelations, as a governmentalstructure, whose general duty is to
promote strategies for the keeping,development and expressing of theidentity of persons belonging tonational minorities, has at its
disposal in year 2004 a budget of15 billions ROL, which can bea c c e s s e d t h r o u g h a nauction/selection system, by anyins t i tu t ion o r na t iona l o r international ONG that proposesan interethnic project.
The collaboration with thesegment specialized on minorities
of the Romanian civil society was
n s p e c i a l , i - a n u a n a t
p r e o c u p r i l e , l r g i n d u - iconsiderabil paleta interveniilor.Astfel, se poate observa o dinamicspecial a ONG-lor care se
preocup de problematica romilor,iar eficiena lor este recunoscut iapreciat. Ca urmare, aceste ONG-uri se constituie n parteneri aiG u v e r n u l u i n e l a b o r a r e a
strategiilor, programelor iproiectelor care se adreseazproblematicii romilor.
P a r t e n e r i a t u l D R I c usocietatea civil nu const doar na c i u n i d e n e g o c i e r e s a uconsultan ci, de multe ori secolaboreaz i la nivelul finanrii
unor aciuni. Departamentulpentru Relaii Interetnice, castructur guvernamental, ce are caatribuie general promovareaunor strategii pentru pstrarea,dezvol tarea i expr imareaidentitii persoanelor aparinndminoritilor naionale, are ladispoziie n anul 2004 un buget de
15 miliarde lei, care pot fi accesaiprintr-un sistem de licitaie/selecie, de ctre orice instituie sauONG naional sau internaional,care propune un proiect interetnic.
Colaborarea cu segmentulspecializat pe minoriti alsocietii civile romneti a fostdintre cele mai fructuoase, ntre
parteneri numrndu-se Institutul
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one of the most profitable, among
whose partners were the RomanianInstitute for the Human Rights, theIntercultural Institute Timioara,the Center of Resources for Ethno-cultural Diversity of Cluj, theE u r o - r e g i o n a l C e n t e r f o r D e m o c r a c y T i m i o a r a ,Organization of Ethno-culturalProjects for Roma people, and
many others.We believe that Romania
owns, at the present time, a suitablelegislative and institutional framein the field of national minorities,that the dialogue between theauthorities and the organizations ofthe national minorities are
performed in good terms, so that inpunc tua l s i tua t i ons whereinfringements of the law appear,one can intervene efficiently torepair the situation. In Romaniathere is no discriminationinstitutionalized on ethnic criteria,the exceptions being solved by theinstitutions habilitated by law. All
these aspects have also beenobserved by the EuropeanCommission, which, in the lastannual reports from the country,shows that Romania observes thecriteria of Copenhagen as for theadherence to the European Union.
Romn pentru Drepturile Omului,
Institutul Intercultural Timioara,Centrul de Resurse pentruDiversitate Etnoculturala din Cluj,Centrul Euroregional pentruD e m o c r a t i e T i m i o a r a ,Organizaia Proiecte RomeEtnoculturale i multe altele.
Suntem de prere c Romniadispune la ora actual de un cadrulegislativ i instituional adecvat ndomeniul minoritilor naionale,c dialogul autoriti organizaiiale minoritilor naionale serealizeaz n bune condiiuni, aanct n situaiile punctuale unde se
produc nclcri ale legii se poatei n t e r v e n i e f i c i e n t p e n t r u
remedierea situaiei. n Romnian u e x i s t o d i s c r i m i n a r einstituionalizat pe criterii etnice,excepiile fiind rezolvate de ctreinstituiile abilitate de lege. Toateaceste aspecte au fost constatate ide ctre Comisia European, caren ultimele rapoarte anuale de ararat c Romnia ndeplinete
criteriile de la Copenhaga n ceeace privete aderarea la UniuneaEuropean.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
- Government Resolution no. 749rdof the 3 of July 2003 regarding the
organization and functioning of theDepartment for InterethnicRelations;- Government Resolution no.141/2004 for the approval of themanner to distribute and use theamounts specified under lettersa)e) of the annex no. 3/12/06 to theState Budget Law on year 2004 no.507/2003;- Government Resolution no. 747
rdof the 3 of July 2003 regarding theorganization and functioning of theGeneral Secretariat of the
Government;- Government Resolution no. 430thof the 25 of April 2001 concerning
the approval of the Strategy of theRomanian Government to improvethe Roma people's situation;- Government Resolution no. 589
stof the 21 of June 2001 regardingthe formation of the National
Minority Council; th- Law no. 48 of the 16 of January2002 for the approval of theGovernment Ordinance no.137/2000 regarding the preventionand sanction of all forms ofdiscrimination;- Government Resolution no. 1,194
thof the 27 of November 2001
regarding the organization and
BIBLIOGRAFIE :
- Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 749 din3 iulie 2003 privind organizarea ifuncionarea Departamentului
pentru Relaii Interetnice;- Hotrrea Guvernului nr.141/2004 pentru aprobareamodului de repartizare i deutilizare a sumelor prevzute de lit.a) e) din anexa nr. 3/12/06 la Legea
bugetului de stat pe anul 2004 nr.507/2003;- Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 747 din3 iulie 2003 pentru organizarea ifuncionarea SecretariatuluiGeneral al Guvernului;- Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 430 din
25 aprilie 2001 privind aprobareaStrategiei Guvernului Romniei dembuntire a situaiei romilor;- Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 589 din21 iunie 2001 privind nfiinareaC o n s i l i u l u i M i n o r i t i l o r
Naionale;- Legea nr. 48 din 16 ianuarie 2002
pentru aprobarea Ordonantei
Guvernului nr. 137/2000 privindprevenirea i sancionarea tuturorformelor de discriminare;- Hotarrea Guvernului nr. 1.194din 27 noiembrie 2001 privindorganizarea i funcionareaConsiliului Naional pentruCombaterea Discriminrii;- Legea nr. 35 din 13 martie 1997
privind organizarea i funcionarea
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operation of the National Council
f o r t h e F i g h t a g a i n s tDiscrimination;th- Law no. 35 of the 13 of March
1997 regarding the organizationand operation of the OmbudsmanInstitution;
st- Law no. 677 of the 21 ofNovember 2001 for the protectionof persons concerning the
processing of personal informationand the free circulation of thisinformation.
instituiei Avocatul Poporului;
- Legea nr. 677 din 21 noiembrie2001 pentru protecia persoanelorcu privire la prelucrarea datelor cucaracter personal i liberacirculaie a acestor date.
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Fight against
discrimination maincomponent of theprotection of human rights
in Romania
Adrian CMRAN
Protection of the human rightsand promotion of the equality ofchances are the reference points inthe promotion of any public policy.
The protection of the humanrights is a field suspected to haveseveral approaches, both throughthe perspective of the categories
protected by various normativeacts and institutions, and through
the perspective of various fieldswhere the human rights manifestthemselves.
From the perspective of thefight against discrimination, thesituation is highly complex. The
premise of a discrimination act isthe infringement of one or severalrights in various fields of the
political, social or cultural life. Thep a r t y c o m m i t t i n g t h ediscrimination act can be a natural
person, a public institution, atrading company or some otherlegal person while the target ofsuch manifestation can be persons,groups of persons or communities.Many of the discrimination acts are
hard to prove, but when it is
Combaterea discriminrii
component de baz aprotecieidrepturilor omului n
Romnia
Adrian CMRAN
Protejarea drepturilor omului ipromovarea egalitii de anse suntpuncte de referin n promovareaoricrei politici publice.
Protejarea drepturilor omuluieste un domeniu care estesusceptibil a avea mai multeabordr i , a t t pr in pr ismacategoriilor protejate de diferiteacte normastive i instituii ct i
prin prisma domeniilor diferite ncare drep tur i le omulu i semanifest.
Din punctul de vedere alcombaterii discriminrii, situaiaeste deosebit de complex. O faptde discriminare are ca premisnclcarea unuia sau mai multordrepturi n diferite domenii ale
vieii politice, sociale sauculturale. Partea care comite faptade discriminare poate fi o persoanfizic, o instituie public, osocietate comercial sau o alt
persoan juridic n timp ce intaunor asemenea manifestri pot fialte persoane, grupuri de persoanesau comuniti. Multe dintre
faptele de discriminare sunt greu
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possible, precautions must be more
firm. Our legislation providesconcrete and efficient mechanismsto reduce this phenomenon.
Equally important as thesanction of discrimination acts istheir prevention. In this field, aninstitution cannot act by itself. Theexistence of a solid institutionalframe is the main condition for theefficiency of shares concerning
prevention of discrimination. Inthis field, the formation of the
National Council for the Fightagainst Discrimination came tocomplete an already existing frameand rather operational. We cannotexclude the efforts of the
Romanian State to assure the ratesetting and covering of delicatefields. The foundation of theOmbudsman Institution was an a t u r a l s t e p t o w a r d s t h edemocratization of the society.A l s o , t h e f o u n d i n g o f governmental structure that are
preoccupied exclusively by
promoting new public policies forcertain disfavored categoriesrepresented a need in post-r e v o l u t i o n R o m a n i a . T h eorganization of structures in thefield of national minorities, of thehandicapped persons, of cults, ofthe youth was made on the
background of unequivocal
promotion of a European policy.
de probat dar, atunci cnd acest
lucru este posibil, msurile trebuies fie ferme. Legislaia noastrprevede mecanisme concrete ieficiente pentru reducerea acestuifenomen.
La fel de important ca isancionarea faptelor de discrimi-nare este prevenirea acestora. nacest domeniu o instituie nu poateaciona singur. Existena unuicadru instituional bine nchegateste o condiie primordial pentrueficiena aciunilor privind
prevenirea discriminrii. n acestdomeniu, nfiinarea Consiliului
Naional pentru CombatereaDiscriminrii a venit ca s
ntregeasc un cadru deja existenti, n mare msur funcional. Nuputem exclude eforturile statuluiromn de a asigura normarea iacoperirea unor domenii sensibile.nfiinarea instituiei AvocatuluiPoporului a fost un pas firesc spredemocratizarea societii. Deasemenea, nfiinarea unor
structuri guvernamentale care s seocupe exclusiv de promovareaunor politici publice pentruanumite categorii defavorizate areprezentat o necesitate nRomnia post-revoluionar.Organizarea structurilor ndomeniul minoritilor naionale,al persoanelor cu handicap, al
cultelor al tinerilor s-a fcut pe
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The civil society was also
subject to spectacular evolution.Supported at first by experiencedpersonalities in the field of humanrights, the non-governmentalcurrent was capable of formingspecialists in punctual fields and tocontribute to the change ofmentalities. Looking several years
back, we notice that the subjects
that, at that moment in time, wereconsidered impossible to discussare now subject of debate, thesituation changed. An example forthis would be the use of thematernal language in the publicadministration. Certainly, otherfields shall change.
The human rights protectionsystem includes, in general, boththe legislative area, and theexecutive area and the civil society.An important contribution can be
brought by universities, socialpartners or even by internationalinstitutions. Particularly, the
prevention of discrimination acts
with regard to interethnic relationspresupposes participation of thefollowing actors:- The National Council for theFight against Discrimination as aninstitution liable to apply theG o v e r n m e n t p o l i c y o ndiscrimination;- The Department for Interethnic
Department as institution which
fondul promovrii fr echivoc al
unei politici europene.Societatea civil a cunoscut iea o evoluie spectaculoas.Sprijinit iniial de personaliti cuexperien n domeniul drepturiloro m u l u i , m i c a r e a n e g u -vernamental a fost capabil sformeze specialiti n domenii
punctuale i s contribuie laschimabrea mentalitilor. Privindn urm cu civa ani, observm csubiecte considerate inatacabile laacea vreme astzi sunt dezbtute,situaiile schimbate. Un exemplun acest sens ar fi folosirea limbiimaterne n administraia public.Cu siguran, alte domenii se vor
schimba.Sistemul de protecie adrepturilor omului, generaliznd,ibnclude att sfera legislativuluict i executivul i societateacivil. Un aport important l potaduce medii le univers iare ,
partenerii sociali sau chiarinstituiile internaionale. n
particular, prevenirea faptelor dediscriminare n ceea ce priveterelaiile interetnice presupune
participarea unmtorilor actori:- Consi liul Naional pentruCombaterea Discriminrii cainstituie care rspunde deaplicarea politicii Guvernului nmateria nediscriminrii;
- Departamentul pentru Relaii
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instates and develops public
policies and programs in the fieldof the national minorities;- The Ombudsman Institution -as an institution creating directionlines for the relation between theadministration and the minorities;- The Civil Society as adiscussion partner and as partner inthe promotion and progress of
projects.
T h e p r e v e n t i o n o f discrimination acts can e achieved
by several concrete collaborationmethods. The first method is theelaboration, promotion andimplementation of the public
policies. A position document in acertain field cannot be entirelyelaborated by one institution,
particularly when sectorial policieson long and average term areinvolved. In order to finish themwe need to collaborate with all theinstitutions operating in that fieldand by the support of the civil
s o c i e t y . P r o m o t i o n a n dimplementation are two of the mostimportant aspects for the success ofa policy document. If there is nocol labora t ion be tween theinstitutions of the administration,or, even worse, if there is noinvolvement of the civil society,those principles have all the
chances to remain only at the stage
Interetnice ca instituie care
instituie i deruleaz politicipublice i programe n domeniulminoritilor naionale;- Instituia Avocatului Poporului- ca instituie care creaz liniidirectoare referitor la relaiaadministraie-minoriti;- Societatea civil ca partener dedialog i partener n promovarea iderularea proiectelor.
Prevenirea faptelor de discri-minare se poate realiza pe maimulte ci concrete de colaborare. O
prim cale este cea a elaborrii,promovrii i implementriipoliticilor publice. Un document
de poziie ntr-un anumit domeniunu poate fi elaborat n totalitate deo singur instituie, mai ales cndeste vorba de politici sectoriale petermen mediu i lung. Pentrudefinitivarea acestora este nevoiede colaborarea tuturor instituiilorcu activitate n acel domeniu i desprijinul societii civile.
Promovarea i implementareasunt dou aspecte deosebit deimportante pentru reuita unuidocument de politici. Neexistndcolaborare ntre instituiileadministraiei sau, mai grav,neexistnd o implicare a societiicivile, acele principii au toateansele de a rmne doar la stadiul
de concept paper. n domeniul
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of concept paper. In the field of
interethnic relations we found,during the last years, a series ofpositive examples. Also, theNational Council for the Fightagainst Discrimination elaborated,in collaboration with the central
public administration and with thecivil society, the National Plan forthe Fight against Discrimination.
In fact, it is an atypical example,like the institution itself. Due to thefact that the foundation of theinstitution and the beginning of itsactivity had become ratherstringent, there was practically noreal period meant exclusively tothe institutional construction, this
being made while applyingsanctions, crystallizing of the staff,elaboration of the strategies and
position documents. From thisperspective, the history of theinstitution short indeed is asuccess.
Returning to the problematic ofpreventing discrimination acts, a
second collaboration method is thecollaboration in the promotion andimplementation of the projects and
programs. And in this field,cooperation between the structuresof the public administration and theinvolvement of the civil society aredecisive. Projects, as well as
policies, shall be addressed
directly to the company. Or,
relaiilor interetnice gsim, n
ultimii ani, o serie de exemplepozitive. De asemenea, ConsiliulNaional pentru CombatereaDiscriminrii a elaborat, ncolaborare cu administraia
public central i cu societateacivil Planul Naional pentruCombaterea Discriminrii. Defapt, este un exemplu atipic, ca
instituia n sine. Datorit faptuluic nfiinarea instituiei idemararea activitii acesteiadeveniser stringente, practic nu aexistat nici o perioad realdestinat exclusiv construcieiinstituionale, acest lucru fcndu-se cocnomitent cu aplicarea de
sanciuni, cristalizarea persona-lului, elaborarea strategiilor idocumentelor de poziii. Din acest
punct de vedere, istoria scurt ce-idrept a instituiei este un succes.
Revenind la problematicaprevenirii faptelor de discriminare,o a doua cale de colaborare este ceaa colaborrii n promovarea i
implementarea proiectelor iprogramelor. i n acest domeniucooperarea ntre structurilea d m i n i s t r a i e i p u b l i c e iimplicarea societii civile suntdecisive. Proiectele, la fel ca i
politicile se adreseaz directsocietii. Ori fr impliocareaacesteia rezultatul l putem intui...
Aminteam mai sus despre rolul pe
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without involving it, we can guess
the result... We have mentionedabove the role that the internationalorganisms can play in what it is forthe protection of the human rightsand the assurance of the equality ofchances. Maybe it's here, to this
point, that one could notice howimportant they are with regard tot h e p r e v e n t i o n o f t h e
discrimination acts. In certainstages of the project, theseorganizations can intervene bothwith their expertise and theircontribution in terms of human,material or financial resources. Thereality has proven it, withoutreducing the merits of the national
projects, that a project withinternational implication has alarger impact, and that the chancesof success increase proportionally.
The last collaboration methodis that concerning the cooperationin the field of the construction or oft h e c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f t h einstitutional frame. Without trying
to develop this aspect, it is enoughto analyze the evolution of thegovernmental structures in thefield of national minorities in orderto accomplish the importance ofcooperation of the actors involvedin this f ield. Without theOrganizations of the citizens
belonging to national minorities, of
the National Minority Council, we
care organismele internaionale l
pot juca n ceea ce priveteprotejarea drepturilor omului iasigurarea egalitii de anse.Poate aici, la acest punct se poateobserva ct de importante suntacestea n ceea ce privete
p r e v e n i r e a f a p t e l o r d ediscriminare. La anumite faze ale
proiectului aceste organizaii pot
interveni att cu expertiz ct iprin aport de resurse umane,m a t e r i a l e s a u f i n a n c i a r e .Realitatea a dovedit-o, fr ascdea din meritele proiectelornaionale, c un proiect cuimplicare internaional are unimpact mai mare iar ansele de
reuit cresc proporional.Ultima cale de colaborare estecea pr ivind cooperarea ndomeniul construciei sau ntririicadrului instituional. Fr ancerca o dezvoltare a acestuiaspect este suficient a analizae v o l u i a s t r u c t u r i l o r guvernamentale n domeniul
minoritilor naionale pentru arealiza importana cooperriiactorilor implicai n acestdomeniu.Fr Organizai i lec e t e n i l o r a p a r i n n dmin o r i t i l o r n a i o n a l e , aC o n s i l i u l u i M i n o r i t i l o r
Naionale, am fi vorbit la aceastor despre direciile din cadrul
ministerelor care au atribuii n
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would have spoken at this time
about the directions within theministries with duties in certainsocial fields of the minorities.
As we were saying above, theuniversity environment and social
partners have an important role inthis system. We are very well awareof the capacity of the University tomould mentalities. From here on, aseries of specialists in the field ofhuman rights, in general, of thefight against discrimination, in
particular, can be formed andpromoted. Also, taking intoaccount the huge human resourcesof the Universities, study makingand research are something to
consider. The social partners tradeunions, patronages are moreactive, especially from the
perspective of policies, projectsand programs in the field of theworkforce market, of the workrelations. But even here, the issuesare more complex, and any
precaution taken in this field
without the participation of thesepartners shall fail.The company is in continuous
development. And so is the field ofhyman rights. Implicitly, themethods to infringe them are morerefined. But we must say that, for asling as the institutional frame issupported on pillars by itself, the
fight for the promotion of equality
anumite domenii sociale ale
minoritilor.Aa cum aminteam, un rolimportant n acestsistem, l aumediul universitar i parteneriisociali. Este cunoscut rolul demodelator de mentaliti alUniversitii. De aici, pot fi formaii promovai o serie de specialitin domeniul drepturilor omului, ng e n e r a l , a l c o m b a t e r i idiscriminrii, n special. Deasemenea, avnd n vedere uriaeleresurse umane pe care le auUniversitile, efectuarea de studiii cercetri este un lucru caretrebuie luat n considerare.Partenerii sociali sindicate,
patronate sunt active mai ales nceea ce privete politicile,proiectele i programele ndomeniul pieii forei de munc, alrelaiilor de munc. Dar i aici
problemele sunt complexe i oricemsur ntreprins n acestdomeniu fr participarea acestor
parteneri este sortit eecului.
Societatea este ntr-o continudezvoltare. Domeniul drepturiloromului la fel. Implicit i metodelede nclcare a acestora devin mairafinate. Trebuie spus ns, c,atta timp ct cadrul instituionalse sprijin pe piloni siguri, lupta
pentru promovarea egalitii deanse are toate premisele reuitei.
T o c m a i d e a c e e a f e l i c i t
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of chances has all the premises to
succeed. That is exactly why I nowcongratulate the organizers for theinitiative to organize such amanifestation, and I thank them forthe invitation to participate.
organizatorii pentru iniiativa
organizr i i un ie as t fe l demanifestri i le mulumesc pentruinvitaia de a participa.
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ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT
INTERETHNIC RELATIONSDEPARTMENT
Attila MARKOState Sub-Secretary
Evolution of the interethnicrelations promotion
system since thefoundation of the NationalMinorities Council in 1993
Introduction
This material is rather adatabase. We have not intended tolinearly describe a history of the
National Minority Council, but torapidly present the contribution ofthe NMC and of the Interethnic
Relations Department (the ex-National Minorities ProtectionDepartment) on the creation of anew legal and institutional framefor the promotion of the rights ofthe national minorities.
I think that during these 10years (that have become 11 in themeantime) the most importantaccomplishment was the way to a
GUVERNUL ROMNIEI
DEPARTAMENTUL PENTRURELAII INTERETNICE
Attila MARKOSubsecretar de stat
Evoluia sistemului depromovare a relaiilor
interetnice de la creareaConsiliului Minoritilor
Naionale n 1993
Introducere
Prezentul material este maidegrab o baz de date. Nu am avutintenia de a descrie cursiv o istoriea Consil iului Minoriti lor
Naionale, ci s prezentm, succinti n date, contribuia CMN i a
Departamentului pentru RelaiiInteretnice (fostul Departament
pentru Protecia MinoritilorNaionale) la crearea unui noucadru juridic i instituional pentru
p r o m o v a r e a d r e t u r i l o rminoritilor naionale.
n decursul acestor 10 ani (carentre timp au devenit 11) cred ccea mai important realizare a fost
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real change of mentality. Leaving
aside the apparently tiringenumeration of dates, thisaccomplishment could not berecorded as a simple dash amongthe others. But it is a reality, a sumand at the same time a commondenominator of all the dashes tocome...
1. Legislation1993: Council for NationalMinorities (the initial name)was funded through the HG(Government Resolution) no.
th137 of the 6 of April 1993, asa consultative organism ofthe Government meant to
assure an adequate, modernf r a m e o f d e m o c r a t i cp a r t i c i p a t i o n o f t h erepresentatives of the nationalminorities in taking legislative,administrative and financialdecisions concerning them;1995: signing and ratificationof the Convention framefor
the protection of nationalminorities, legal instrument ofthe European Council;1995: signing of theEuropeanCharta of regional or minoritylanguages from the EuropeanCouncil system;1995: enforcement of theEducat ion Law no. 84,
republished with amendments
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drumul parcurs ctre o real
schimbare de mentalitate. Trecndpeste nirrile aparent obositoarede date, aceast realizare nu a pututfi trecut ca o simpl liniu printrecelelalte. Este ns o realitate, osum i n acelai timp un numitorcomun al tuturor liniuelor ceurmeaz...
1. Legislaie1993: Consiliul pentruM i n o r i t a t i N a t i o n a l e(denumirea initiala) a fostinfiintat prin HG nr. 137 din6 aprilie 1993, ca organismconsultativ al Guvernuluimenit sa asigure un cadru
a d e c v a t , m o d e r n , d eparticipare democratica areprezentantilor minoritatilornationale la luarea deciziilor deordin legislativ, administrativsi financiar care le privesc;1995: semnarea i ratificareaConveniei cadru pentru
p ro t ec i a m i n o r i t i l o r
naionale, instrument juridic alConsiliului Europei;1995: semnarea Carte ieuropene a limbilor regionale
sau minoritare din sistemulConsiliului Europei;1 9 9 5 : ad o p ta r ea Leg i invmntu lu i , n r . 84 ,republicat cu modificri n
1999;
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in 1999;
1996: signing and ratificationof the bilateral treaty withHungary;1997: signing and ratificationof the bilateral treaty withUkraine;1998: ratification of the
European Charta of localautonomy;1999: ratification of theFrameConvention for cross-bordercooperation;O.U.G. (Government UrgencyOrdinance) no. 21/1997regarding the returning of realestates that used to belong toJewish communi t i e s o f
Romania;O.U.G. no. 13/1998 regardingthe returning of real estates thatused to belong to communitiesof Romanian national minoritycitizens;O.G. no.111/1998 for theamendment of O.U.G no.2 1 / 1 9 9 7 r e g a r d i n g t h e
returning of real estates thatused to belong to Jewishcommunities of Romania;O.G. no.112/1998 regardingthe returning of real estates thatused to belong to Romaniannational minority communities(organizations, religious cults);O.U.G no. 83/1999 regardingthe returning of real estates that
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