Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
-
Upload
enache-popescu -
Category
Documents
-
view
232 -
download
0
Transcript of Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
1/13
GRUPUL SCOLAR DE TRANSPORTURI AUTO ,,TRAIAN VUIA TG-JIU
PROIECTPENTRU EXAMENUL DE CERTIFICARE A
COMPETENELOR PROFESIONALE N VEDEREAOBINERII CERTIFICATULUI DE CALIFICARE
PROFESIONAL DE NIVEL 2
CALIFICAREA PROFESIONALA:MECANIC AUTO
ABSOLVENT, LOGA MIHAIL
INDRUMATOR,ING. PATRASCU CODRUTA
20091
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
2/13
GRUPUL SCOLAR DE TRANSPORTURI AUTO ,,TRAIAN VUIA TG-JIU
CICLUL REAL ALMOTORULUI MAS
IN DOI TIMPI
ABSOLVENT LOGA MIHAIL
INDRUMATOR,ING. PATRASCU CODRUTA
20092
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
3/13
CUPRINS1. Argu !"#....................................................................$$$.$%&g. '2. C&%(#)*u* 1- N)#(u"( g!"!r&*! %r(+(" )" #ru #(& )#)&r!*)r !
&u#) )/(*!$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$..$$$.%&g. . C&%(#)*u* 2 - C*& ( ( &r!& )#)&r!*)r u &r !r! ("#!r"& %!"#ru
&u#) )/(*! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$...$$...%&g. 3 . C&%(#)*u* 4 5u" #()"&r!& )#)&r!*)r u &%r(" !r! %r(" &"#!(!....... .....................................................................................................%&g. 6
'. C&%(#)*u* ' 4 5u" #()"&r!& ( ( *u* r!&* &* )#)ru*u( u &%r(" !r! %r(" &"#!(! (" )( #( %(.............................................................%&g. 9
. C&%(#)*u* 4 A"!7!.....................................................................%&g. 123. C&%(#)*u* 3 4 B(/*(gr& (!..............................................................%&g. 1
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
4/13
ARGUMENT
Pr( !*! )#)&r! "( !r(#! %!"#ru & ! 8(%& &u#) )/(*!*! ( !" (u"(( ( &r u %u#!r! &r!: &u ) # !*! r!&*(;! ! D&( *!r ( B!"; *& &r (#u*! )*u*u( #r! u#. S%r! !7! %*u )#)ru* *u( G)##*(!/ D&( *!r, &%&ru# (" 166'
!r& )") (*(" r( , u" #()"& u %!#r)*, & ! #! u* &r/ur&"# r!&*(;&" u- !("#r-u" &r/ur)r !*! !"#&r, u &"#r!"&r! ( +&%)r(;&r! +& uu ( &.D( #r(/u#(& !r& (7#& < u%&%& ! & ( (! u &r , u" #()"& %r(" !%r! (u"!&&r u*u( (" (*(" ru, (&r !& ! !+& u&r! !r& ) &" & ! u" &r/)r! u
& !.
Du%& #(%u* )#)ru*u(, ( #r(/u#(& %)! ( %!"#ru )#)&r! (" %ru#( %( &u )( #( %(. M)#)&r!*! (" %ru #( %( u#(*(;!&;& ! &"( u* !( #r(/u#(! u u%&%!, (&r !*! (" )( #( %(, (" g!"!r&*, "u &u u%&%!, (!r! #r! (" (*(" r(, &r! u"# ! 8( ! ( (" 8( ! %r(" !%*& &r!& %( #)"u*u( !
) )r & %! (&*& u ! *! #)r: 4 & &-;( & ( #r(/u#(! %r(" *u ("(.C&r& #!r( #( )#)ru*u( (" )( #( %( ! #! ! & ur&r!& ( *u*u( )#)r )(#( %(, & ( & %! ur& ! ! #u&r(( ! r! %( #)" & )u& ur !, r! %! #(+ &u"!( r)#(( & &r/)r!*u( )#(#.
D! ( motoru !" #o! t!m$! ! & !& &"& u*# u )#)ru* (" %ru#( %(, !* ( !r&, #)#u (, )" #ru #(+! ( u" #()"&*.A ( (&& ! #! u*u( &r/ur&"# ! & ! *& (" !%u# (" &r#!ru* )#)ru*u( ( ! &( ( ("
(*(" r(, (" g!"!r&* %r(" ("#!r ! (u* u")r !r! #r! *u ("(:. T)# %r(" !r! #r!! & ! (" g!"!r&* ( !+& u&r!& g&;!*)r &r !. D! 8( !r!& ( (" 8( !r!&!r! #r!*)r ! & ! r! %( #)" (" ( &r!& &, *& &"u (#! ) !"#! /("!#&/(*(#!.
'
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
5/13
C%$!to u & ' Not!u"! ()")r% ) $r!*!"# +o" tru+t!% moto%r) or #%utomo-!
M)#)&r!*! )*) (#! *& &u#) )/(*! u"#, (" &=)r(#!& &;ur(*)r, )#)&r!u &r !r! ("#!r"& u %( #)". M)#)ru* u &r !r! ("#!r"& ! #! ) & ("& #!r ( & ! )r#& &r! #r&" )r &
&* ur& !g&=& %r(" &r !r!& ) /u #(/(*u*u( (" *u ru* ! &"( ,%r("("#!r ! (u* !+)*u#((*)r u"u( &g!"# )#)r *u( )#)r: (" #&r! g&;)& &. ("
)#)ru* u &r !r! ("#!r"&, %r) ! u* ! &r !r! #r&" )r &r!& !"!rg(!(8( ( ! (" &* ur&: ( %r) ! u* ! #r&" )r &r! & &* ur(( (" *u ru*! &"( ! ! & )&r& (" ("#!r()ru* (*(" r(*)r.
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
6/13
C%$!to u 2 ' C % ! !+%r)% moto%r) or +u %r#)r) !"t)r"% $)"%utomo-! )
M)#)&r!*! u &r !r! ("#!r"& u %( #)" )*) (#! *& &u#) )/(*! %)# (*& ( ( ! u%&< ) u* ! &%r(" !r! & & ! #! u*u( &!r- ) /u #(/(*, "u &ru*! ur ! ( %*! &*! %( #)"u*u( (" &r! ! r!&*(;!&;& u" ( *u "u &ru* !
#( %(:, *) u* )r &r( & ! #! u*u( &!r- ) /u #(/(* !# .Du%& ) u* ! &%r(" !r! & & ! #! u*u( &!r- ) /u #(/(*, ! !) !/! ) /u #(/(*u* ! ("#r) u ! (" (*(" ru, ((" ("=! # *&
&r (#u* ur !( ! ) %r( &r!> !* ! &%r(" ! +!"(" (" )"#& # u &!ru* &r!& &=u" *& #! %!rur& ! &u#)&%r(" !r! & ) /u #(/(*u*u(.
Du%& "u &ru* ! ur ! ( %*! &*! %( #)"u*u( , (" &r! ! r!&*(;!&;& u"( *u ! u" #()"&r! %)# (
- )#)&r! (" )( #( %(, *& &r! ( *u* ! u" #()"&r! ! r!&*(;!&;& (")u& ur ! ( %*! &*! %( #)"u*u( & ( &, ("#r-) r)#(! ) %*!#& & &r/)r!*u()#(#.
Du%& *) u* )r &r(( & ! #! u*u( &r/ur&"#, ! !) !/! (" & !& #&
!g)r(! ("#r& )#)&r!*! u &r/ur)r, )#)&r!*! u ("=! #(! ! /!";("& (")" u #& ! & %(r(! ( )#)&r!*! u g&;! u (" #&*(! ! )r &r! !7#!r"& &
& ! #! u*u( &!r- ) /u #(/(*>- )#)&r! u )r &r!& & ! #! u*u( (" ("#!r()ru* (*(" ru*u(> (" & !& #&
!g)r(! & %&r#! )#)&r!*! u ("=! #(! ! ) /u #(/(* (" (*(" ru)#)&r!*! DIESEL ( u"!*! MAS: ( )#)&r!*! u g&;! *& &r!
) /u #(/(*u* g&;) ! #! ("#r) u , %r("#r-) u%&%& &%&r#!, (" #( %u*& %(r(!(.
Du%& %);(#(& (*(" r(*)r, & ! #!& %)# (- )#)&r!*! (" V, *& &r! &7!*! (*(" r(*)r u"# )"#("u#! (" )u& %*&"!
&r! )r !&;& ("#r! !*! u"g8(ur( (! r! ! r!gu*& !g&*! u 90 ! gr& ! (
&( r&r u 30 ! gr& !:> %r(" ( %u"!r!& (*(" r(*)r (" )u& %*&"! ! r! u !*u"g( !& #)#&*& & )#)ru*u( L>
3
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
7/13
- )#)&r! u (*(" r(( )%u ( /)7!r:, &r! u"# )"#( (" *("(!, &+&"&7!*! (*(" r(*)r ("#r-u" %*&" )r(;)"#&* r! u &" u- ! u*# ("&*#( !&
)#)ru*u( H, (" 8( / ! &r! #! *( !& B, %!"#ru & !!& ( *u"g( ! L:> !) %&r#! ( ! &*#& & &r/)r!*u( )#(# ! g& ! #! u" "u &r !g&* ! (*(" r( )%u (>
- )#)&r! u (*(" r(( (" *("(! (" *("(, &r! u"# ( %u ! (!*)"g(#u ("&* %! &u#) )/(*, (! #r&" +!r &* (" )%u* &r( (( %(u*u(( %)"(/(* %!"#ru %!r )&"!.
?
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
8/13
C%$!to u / 0 Fu"+t!o"%r)% moto%r) or +u %$r!"#)r) $r!"+%"t)!)
I" #u (u* ( *ur(*)r r!&*! &*! )#)&r!*)r u &r !r! ("#!r"&, %r! !) !/(r!! ( *ur(*! #!)r!#( !, ! &u (" +! !r! ur )&r!*!
-&%r(" !r!& ( &r !r!& & ! #! u*u( &!r- ) /u #(/(*, "u &u *)(" #&"#&"!u, ( ("#r-u" ("#!r+&* ! #( % !#!r (".
6
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
9/13
C%$!to u 1 ' Fu"+t!o"%r)% ! +!+ u r)% % motoru u! +u %$r$r!" +%"t)!) !" #o! t!m$!
C&r& #!r( #( )#)ru*u( (" )( #( %( ! #! ! & ur&r!& ( *u*u( )#)r )(#( %(, & ( & %! ur& ! ! #u&r(( ! r! %( #)" & )u& ur !, r! %! #(+ &
u"!( r)#(( & &r/)r!*u( )#(#.
D! ( )#)ru* (" )( #( %( ! & !& &"& u*# u )#)ru* (" %ru #( %(,!* ( !r&, #)#u (, )" #ru #(+! ( u" #()"&*.A ( (& & ! #! u*u(
&r/ur&"# ! & ! *& (" !%u# (" &r#!ru* )#)ru*u( ( ! &( ( (" (*(" r(, ("
g!"!r&* %r(" ("#!r ! (u* u")r !r! #r! *u ("(:. T)# %r(" !r! #r! ! & ! ("g!"!r&* ( !+& u&r!& g&;!*)r &r !. D! 8( !r!& ( (" 8( !r!& !r! #r!*)r !
& ! r! %( #)" (" ( &r!& &, *& &"u (#! ) !"#! /("! #&/(*(#!.T!m$u &. I" & ru* #( %u*u( ("#&( ! ! ! #u!&;& & ( (& & ! #! u*u(
&r/ur&"# ( ) %r( &r!& *u( (" (*(" ru.C)" ( !r&" %( #)"u* *& PME !r! #r!*! ! /&*!(&= & ( (!: B ( !
!+& u&r! E u"# ! 8( !. A ! #& %!r (#! g&;!*)r ! &r !r! & (& & (" ) !r&, (&r & ! #! u* &r/ur&"#, &r! ! #! ) %r( ! %( #)", ("
%r!&*&/(*, (" & !r& (" &r#!r, *& %r! (u"!& ! 1, -1, /&r, & #r!& & %r("
!r! #r!*! ! /&*!(&= B (" (*(" ru* )#)ru*u(.
9
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
10/13
5)r & &%u*u( %( #)"u*u( ! #! & # !* )" #ru(#& (" & (r(=!;!& ! #! u* &r/ur&"# (" !" u* ( %("g!r(( g&;!*)r &r ! (" (*(" ru (" ) !r&, %r) u &" u- ! & # !* ( u*#&" !+& u&r!& ( u %*!r!& (*(" ru*u(.
P( #)"u*, !%*& &" u- ! r! PMI, (" 8( ! *& (" !%u# !r! #r!*! !
/&*!(&= B ( &%)( !r! #r!*! ! !+& u&r! E, )"#("u&" u- ! & # !* !+& u&r!&)r(#& ("!r#(!( ur!"#u*u( ! g&;! &r !. Pr! (u"!& (" (*(" r( +&r(&;& (" & ! ##( % u%& ur/& 2- .
Du%& (" 8( !r!& !r! #r!*)r B ( E, (" !%! ) %r( &r!& & ! #! u*u(&r/ur&"# %&"& &" %( #)"u* &=u"g! (" PMI, !!& ! & ! & %r! (u"!& ("(*(" ru & r!& & ur/& -'.
I"&("#! & %( #)"u* & &=u"g& *& PMI %u" #u* @:, ! %r) u ! &"#!(&&r! &%r(" ! & ! #! u* &r/ur&"#.
C&" %( #)"u* &=u"g! (" PMI, ! ! 8( ! )r( ( (u* ! & ( (! A,
%!r (#&" & ! #! u*u( &r/ur&"# & %ru" & (" & !r& (" &r#!ru*)#)ru*u(, u" !, %r(" !%*& &r!& %( #)"u*u(, -& r! ) !%r! (u"!.T!m$u 2. G&;!*! &r !, ! #(" &" u- !, & #()"!&;& & u%r& %( #)"u*u(,
!%*& &" u-* ! *& PMI r! PME, &r(" +)*u u* ) u% ! !*!, !!& !& ! & %r! (u"!& (" (*(" ru & +&r(!;! u%& ur/& '@- . I" %u" #u* !! 8( !r! #r!*! ! !+& u&r! E ( g&;!*! ! &r !r! (" !% & (& & ("
) !r&. I" %u" #u* 2, ! ! 8( ( !r! #r!*! ! /&*!(&= %r(" &r! %ru"(" (*(" ru g&;! %r)& %!#!, ) %r( !, (" %r!&*&/(*, (" & !r& (" &r#!r, !
r! %( #)" (" ur & ! *& PMI *& PME u%& (" 8( !r!& )r( ( (u*u( !& ( (! A. A=u"g&" (" PME, %( #)"u* ! 8( ! ) %*!# ( !r! #r!*! !
/&*!(&=, !!& ! u ! *& ) +&r((! & %r! (u"(( u%& ur/& 2- @-1. D(&gr& & ( *u*u( r!&* &* )#)ru*u( u &%r(" !r! %r(" &"#!(! (" )(#( %( ! #! & ! ur/& 1-1@-2- - @'-'@- - @-1. Pr) ! !*! ! r(! &( u
)r! %u" ur/!*)r< -' ) %r! (!> @-'-'@ &r !r!&> '@- ! #(" !r!&> -2!+& u&r!& *(/!r&> 2- @-1-1@-2 /&*!(&=u*> 2- )"#("u&r!& !+& u&r((.
L& )#)&r!*! ! %u#!r( ( (, %!"#ru ) %r( &r!& g&;!*)r %r)& %!#!, ! #!)*) (# &r#!ru* )#)ru*u(, /("! !#&" ( (";! #r u )r( ( (( &u u u"& &u)u& u%&%! u" #()"&r! &u#) &.
L& )#)&r!*! (" )( #( %( ! %u#!r! (=*) (! ( &r!, g&;!*! %r)& %!#!u"# ) %r( ! u &=u#)ru* u"u( ) %r! )r r)#(+, %!"#ru & ! & (gur&!/(#u* ( %r! (u"!& ! /&*!(&= "! ! &r!.
C&"#(#!& ! & ! #! &r! ! %(!r ! (" #( %u* /&*!(&=u*u( ( !+& u&r(( %)! &=u"g! *& 20- 0 (" &"#(#!& #)#&*& ! g&;! %r)& %!#! ("#r) u ! ("
(*(" ru. D(" & ! #! )#(+!, )#)&r!*! u &%r(" !r! %r(" &"#!(! (" )(#( %( ! )" #ru(! "u &( %!"#ru %u#!r( r! u !. P!"#ru %u#!r( (=*) (( (
&r(, ( *u* (" )( #( %( ! #! u#(*(; *& )#)&r!*! u &%r(" !r! %r(") %r( &r!, u" ! /&*!(&=u* ! & ! u &!r ( ! ( "u &%&r %(!r !r( !) /u #(/(*.
10
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
11/13
D& & ! ) %&r& )#)ru* (" )( #( %( u )#)ru* (" %ru #( %(, ! %)##r&g! ur )&r!*! )" *u;((- r! +!"#& &r !r(*)r ((" u/*& *& )#)&r!*! (" %ru #( %(, r! #!
(" &r &r!& #!r ( &>
-(" ! %r(+! #! ! )") ( (#!&, )#)&r!*! (" )( #( %( u &%r(" !r! %r(" &"#!(! u"# ("#ru +& (" !r()&r! !*)r (" %ru #( %(.
11
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
12/13
C%$!to u 0 A")3)
12
-
7/23/2019 Ciclul Real Al Motorului in 2 Timpi
13/13
BIBLIO4RAFIA
1. G8.5r(*&, M.5r(*&, S#. S& )(*& 4 Au#) )/(*! - u")& #!r!,("#r!#("!r! ( r!%&r&r!, E . D( & #( & ( P! &g)g( &, Bu ur! #(, 1999.
2. P)%& B&;(*, B&g& N( )*&!, C&;(*& Aur( & 4 M)#)&r! %!"#ru&u#)+!8( u*!, E . D& (&, 200 .
1