Cap 1 - Introducere
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C1: Introducere. Structuri de conducere in mediul industrial.
Sisteme de Conducere a Proceselor Industriale -
SCPI
Bibliografie:
•…note de curs +
•Rockwell Automation
•Omron
•Honeywell
•Siemens
Cuprins:
•Introducere - Exemple
•Structuri clasice
•Problematica
•Aplicabilitate
•… articole +
•National Instruments
•Yokogawa
•Horner
•etc.
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1. Introducere – Structura cursului
C1: SCPI - Introducere
Introducere
Sisteme pentru controlul debitului
Sisteme pentru controlul nivelului
Sisteme pentru controlul temperaturii
Sisteme pentru controlul presiunii
Sisteme pentru controlul concentratiei
…
Studii de caz
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1. Introducere – exemplu
C1: SCPI - Introducere
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1. Introducere – exemplu
C1: SCPI - Introducere
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1. Introducere – exemplu
C1: SCPI - Introducere
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1. Introducere – exemplu
C1: SCPI - Introducere
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2. Structuri clasice
• Feedback – calculul comenzii pe baza reactiei negative
• Feedforward – calculul comenzii pe baza unor reguli
si a unor semnale masurate
• Combinat – feedback+feedforward
C1: SCPI - Introducere
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2. Structuri clasice - Feedback
• Feedback – calculul comenzii pe baza reactiei negative
C1: SCPI - Introducere
•y(k) – masurat si comparat cu r(k) - (y(k) cu “-”)
•uFB(k)=fFB(r(k), y(k), u(k))
•fFB – in general PID (P, PI, PD, PID, PIFf etc.)
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2. Structuri clasice - Feedback
• Avantaje – Dezavantaje
C1: SCPI - Introducere
A:
•Actiunea de corectie este luata atunci cand masura deviaza
fata de referinta.
•Un model matematic al procesului nu este necesar.
•In general, performantele in bucla inchisa sunt satisfacute.
D:
•Actiunea de corectie este luata doar dupa ce iesirea deviaza
fata de referinta (dupa ce procesul este afectat de perturbatie).
•Necesita masura online a iesirii procesului.
•Pentru procesele cu constante si/sau intarzieri mari
performantele nu sunt cele mai bune.
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2. Structuri clasice - Feedback
• Aplicabilitate
C1: SCPI - Introducere
•Procesele “normale”.
•Unde se masoara iesirea procesului.
•…
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2. Structuri clasice - Feedforward
• Feedforward – calculul comenzii pe baza unor reguli
si a unor semnale masurate
C1: SCPI - Introducere
•p(k) – masurat !!!
•uFF(k)=fFF(r(k), p(k))
•fFF – in general proportional (k, dar si neliniar)
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2. Structuri clasice - Feedforward
C1: SCPI - Introducere
A:
•Actiunea de corectie este luata atunci cand perturbatia apare
(inainte de a afecta procesul).
D:
•Perturbatia trebuie masurata online.
•Pentru o comanda performanta este necesar un model bun al
procesului.
• Avantaje – Dezavantaje
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2. Structuri clasice - Feedforward
C1: SCPI - Introducere
•Acolo unde perturbatia poate fi masurata.
•Variatie de sarcina – elevatoare.
•…
• Aplicabilitate
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2. Structuri clasice - combinat
• Combinat – feedback + feedforward
C1: SCPI - Introducere
•Aduna toate caracteristicile (bune) ale celor doua structuri
•u(k)=uFB(k)+uFF(k)=fFB(r(k), y(k), u(k)) +fFF(r(k), p(k))
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2. Structuri clasice - combinat
• Combinat – feedback + feedforward
C1: SCPI - Introducere
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2. Structuri clasice –> algoritmi evoluati
• RST
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3. Problematica
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3. Problematica
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3. Problematica
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3. Problematica
C1: SCPI - Introducere
• Automatica … ofera raspunsul
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4. Aplicabilitate - platforme
Regulatoare, PLC (AP), calculatoare de
proces
… in functie de limbajele de implementare.
C1: SCPI - Introducere
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4. Aplicabilitate - domenii
C1: SCPI - Introducere
•Agricultura
•Auto
•Chimie (ind.)
•Comunicatii
•Energie
•Extractie, ciment
•Gaze, petrol
•Industrie alimentara
•Industrie (grea)
•Locuinte (ambient)
•Transport
•etc.
… in ordine alfabetica…