Cancer-colon
-
Upload
stefan-parvanov -
Category
Documents
-
view
389 -
download
7
Transcript of Cancer-colon
![Page 1: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Patologia Colonului
![Page 2: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Anatomia colonului• Limite• Lungime• Segmente• Dispozitia colonului:
parti mobileparti fixefascia Toldt
• Vascularizatiecolonul drept - a.m.s., v.m.s.colonul stang - a.m.i., v.m.i.limfaticele - intramurale, extramuraleganglioni: epicolici, paracolici, intermediari, centrali-
principala
•
![Page 3: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dismorfiile Colice
![Page 9: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dismorfiile colice
• Megacolonul
• Dolicocolonul
![Page 10: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dismorfiile colice
• Megacolonul
• primitivcongenital - maladia Hirschprungdobandit - b. Chagasfunctional - idiopatic
• secundar - unui obstacol mecanicstenoza, compresiune, tumora
![Page 11: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Megacolonul congenital
• 1 / 20 000 n.n.; M/F=4-9/1;
Etiopatogenie: • reducerea sau absenta congenitala a celulelor nervoase
vegetative ganglionare din plexurile Meissner si Auerbach• in zona respectiva: pierderea inhibitiei normale
contractie dilatarea segmentului supraiacent• localizare frecventa : rect si sigmoid• 10% - boala familiala :
– autosomal dominanta - mutatia genei RET– autosomal recesiva - mutatia genei endothelin receptor
lipsa migratiei celulelor din creasta neurala la nivelul portiunilor distale ale colonului
![Page 12: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Megacolonul congenital - patogenie
• fiziologic - coordonare intre contractia unui segment proximal si relaxarea portiunii imediat urmatoare tranzit intestinal normal
• fiziopatologic:
– agenezia plexurilor nervoase contractii intestinale necoordonate, anarhice, paralizia unui segment intestinal oprirea tranzitului intestinal (“dop functional”), dilatatia segmentului din amonte
– hipertrofia colonului din amonte, distensie
![Page 13: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Megacolonul congenital - anatomie patologica
• Macroscopic– rect de aspect normal
– zona supraiacenta in palnie ce precede,
– segmentul dilatat = sigmoid, intreg colonul
– hipertrofia peretelui colic pana grosimi de cativa mm,
– circumferinta sigmoidului poate ajunge la dimensiunea unei anvelope de automobil
•Microscopic– lipsa celulelor ganglionare ale plexurilor Meissner si Auerbach in
zona nedilatata– acestea sunt prezente in zona dilatata
![Page 14: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Megacolonul congenital forme clinice
Distonia neo-natala:– manifesta in primele 24 ore de viata– lipsa eliminarii meconiului– T.R. - fara malformatii anorectale– Rx simpla - distensia colonului– Irigografia - lipsa unui obstacol intraluminal, diferenta
de calibru intre intestinul distonic si colonul supraiacent– Evolutie imprevizibila, de obicei defavorabila– Complicatii: ocluzie, peritonita prin perforatie,
septicemie
![Page 15: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Megacolonul congenitalforme clinice
Distonia megacolonica– copii sub 11-12 ani– triada Hirschprung: constipatie+meteorism+ondulatiile
peristaltice (inconstant vizibil)– TR - ampula rectala goala– Evolutie: deteriorarea starii generale, intarzierea dezvoltarii
staturo-ponderale, psihica– Complicatii: respiratorii, ocluzie, tulburari cardiace
![Page 17: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Megacolonul congenital - Tratament
• CHIRURGICAL Colostomia in amonte (pe colon sanatos) Colo-proctectomia incluzand segmentul distonic cu
conservarea sfincterului anal (op. Swenson) Coborarea retrorectala cu by-pass-ul portiunii distonice si
anastomoza coloanala (op. Duhamel)
• MEDICAL (de pregatire preoperatorie) • evacuarea artificiala (clisme, sondaje)• regim alimentar sarac in celulozice,• fluidificarea materiilor fecale - oleu de ricin• vitamine B1, B6, C
![Page 18: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Megacolonul dobandit
• Raspandit in America Centrala si de Sud
• Patogenie: infectia cu Trypanosoma cruzzi (B.lui Chagas)
• Tablou clinic: identic cu M. congenital insa la adult
![Page 19: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Megacolonul functional
• pacienti cu schizofrenie, depresie sau institutionalizati• tulburari neurologice grave: atrofie cerebrala, traumatisme
vertebro-medulare, parkinsonism• mixedem• amiloidoza• scleroza sistemica• droguri: narcotice, morfina, codeina
• TR: prezenta materiilor fecale
![Page 20: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Dolicocolonul
Definitie– alungirea totala sau partiala a colonului fara dilatatie concomitenta
Etiologie– B>F, slavi, hindusi, regim vegetarian
Patogenie - controversata– congenital - anomalii de dispozitie si acolare a mezourilor
- dobandit - simpaticotonie, tulburari complexe neuro-endocrine leziuni nervoase intramurale atonie consecutiva
![Page 21: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Dolicocolonul
• Anatomie-patologica
- 30% din cazuri - intreg colonul
- 60%din cazuri - colonul stang
- colon transvers - aspect de V, W
- calibru normal, fara haustratii, mezoul lung, leziuni de mezenterita retractila
• Clinic:
- oligosimptomatic
- triada CHIRAY • - constipatie + distensie abdominala + dureri abdominale
![Page 22: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Dolicocolonul
• Evolutie – variabila, asimptomatic sau complicatii
• Complicatii– ocluzie (volvulus)– mezenterita retractila– infectioase - colita– hemoragice
• Dg: irigografia – ansa afectata lunga, aspect caracteristic de ansa in W, V
![Page 23: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Dolicocolonul
Tratament:– stare anatomica mai mult decat boala, tratament cat mai
putin agresiv
•medical – regim alimentar bogat in rezidii celulozice– ulei de parafina– stimulare medicamentoasa peristalticii -(miostin etc.)
•chirurgical - indicat in– formele simptomatice care nu cedeaza la tratament medical– complicate - volvulus acut, volvulus subacut repetat
•Procedee chirurgicale– mezosigmoidoplicatura– rezectia segmentara a colonului – hemicolectomie stanga
![Page 24: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Diverticuloza colica
![Page 25: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Diverticuloza colica
• anomalie dobandita a peretelui colic = hernierea mucoasei colice prin musculoasa la nivelul orificiilor de penetratie a arterelor nutritive
• M = F
• prevalenta pt. fiecare grupa de varsta– < 40 ani - rara– > 60 ani = 30%– > 80 ani = peste 50%
![Page 26: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Diverticuloza colica
Etiopatogenie• factor cauzal - modificarea dietei prin fibrelor alimentare (faini rafinate)
concomitent cu carnurilor, grasimilor animale si a hidratilor de carbon
• patogenie: fibrelor alimentare cantitatii de materii fecale + deshidratarea acestora (fecaloame) hiperpresiune segmentara intraluminala hernierea mucoasei
• fibrele alimentare cantitatea de materii fecale, accelereaza tranzitul,
permit o propulsie eficace presiunii intraluminale
• aportul de fibre previne boala si stabilizeaza evolutia ei
![Page 27: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Diverticuloza colica - aspecte anatomopatologice
• diverticuli de pulsiune
• marginea mezostenica si antimeostenica, intre bandeletele longitudinale, la nivelul orificiilor de penetratie a vaselor
• forma sesila, rotunjita, continand mucus sau stercoliti
• localizare: rect -0%, sigmoid 90%, colon stang 30%, transvers 4%, pancolic 14%
• microscopic: hernie la nivelul muscularei, leziuni de diverticulita, stenoza lumenului colic
![Page 28: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Diverticuloza colica necomplicata
Simptomatologie:banala - constipatie, diaree, dureri abdominale ritmate de
alimentatie, flatulenta
Diagnostic :- Irigografia
- stadiul prediverticular- disparitia haustrelor, spiculatie fina a sigmoidului
- stadiul diverticular- nr si localizarea diverticulilor- preteaza la confuzii cu polipii si cancerul
- Fleischner :- diverticuloza simpla masata- diverticuloza spasmocolica
- Colonoscopia- uneori dificila tehnic, evidentiaza orificiile diverticulare
![Page 29: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Diverticuloza colica necomplicata
Tratament:- aportul de fibre
- anticholinergice, antispastice
- glucagon i.v.
![Page 30: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Diverticulita
• 10-25% din diverticulozele asimptomatice
• Patogenie: impactarea cu materii fecale-obstructie-proliferare bacteriana-ischemie locala-distrugerea barierei locale mucoase-extindere la peretele colic-abces pericolic
• Clinic:- dureri abdominale flanc, fosa iliaca stg sau hipogastru- constipatie sau diaree pana la diaree dizenteriforma- anorexie, greturi, varsaturi- disurie, pneumaturie sau fecalurie- aparare locala sau impastare- febra - sindrom subocluziv- ocluzie intestinala, pileflebita
![Page 31: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Diverticulita - explorari paraclinice
• Rx simpla: pneumoperitoneu 11%
• Irigografia: sensibilitate 62-94%, fals negative=2-15%, pericol de peritonita
• CT: examen de referinta - ingrosarea peretelui colic,
sens= 69- 98%, specif = 75-100%
• Ecografia: sens=84%, specif=93%, operator dependenta
• Colonoscopia: abstentie in faza acuta (risc de perforatie), dupa 6-8 saptamani pt eliminarea unui cancer de colon
![Page 32: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Diverticulita - tratament
• febra, hiperleucocitoza si semne de iritatie peritoneala-spitalizare• suprimarea alimentatiei orale• antibioterapie - Esch coli, B fragilis
– fluoroquinolone + metronidazol, augmentin
• ameliorare clinica si scaderea leucocitelor dupa 2-4 zile permit reluarea alimentatiei
• marea majoritate raspund favorabil la tratament • recidive
- 33% - 50% in primul an,
- 90% in primii 5 ani,
- raspund mai putin bine la tratament conservator,
- mortalitatea creste
![Page 34: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Diverticulita - tratament chirurgical
• dupa un prim puseu de diverticulita, la rece, in scop profilactic, abord preferential laparoscopic
• abcesul perisigmoidian - drenaj ghidat + antibioterapie, raspuns favorabil - chirurgie la rece
• fistulele, stenozele - indicatie absoluta• peritonita generalizata - indicatie chirurgicala de urgenta• Obiective:
- indepartarea zonei patologice, in aval-extensie pana sub jonctiunea rectosigmoidiana, in amonte-pana in tesut fara leziuni inflamatorii + restabilire tranzit
- in peritonita generalizata op. Hartmann cu restabilire ulterioara
• Atitudinea profilactica eficienta - 1% recidive
![Page 35: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Bolile inflamatoriiale colonului
![Page 36: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului
• Rectocolita ulcerohemoragica
• Boala Crohn
![Page 37: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului
• Definitie: tulburari inflamatorii cronice la nivelul tubului digestiv
• Epidemiologie:– albi > negri– evrei - > 6x– M = F– RCUH - incidenta 6-8 / 100 000 , prevalenta 70-150 / 100000- – B.Crohn - incidenta 2/100000, prevalenta 20-40/100000 (Europa
de vest si SUA)– maxim de incidenta intre 15 si 35 ani– afectare familiala - 2-5% din cazuri una sau mai multe rude
afectate
![Page 38: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului
• Etiologie:– cauzele necunoscute
• Factori patogenici:– genetic (familial) - aglomerare familiala, gemeni monozioti– infectios - neizolat pana in prezent– imunologic - autoimun, autoanticorpi, complexe imune– psihologic - stress emotional, labilitate psiho-vegetativa
![Page 39: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului - anatomie patologica
RCUH
• hiperemie, ulceratii, hemoragii la nivelul mucoasei• leziuni uniforme si continue• 95% din cazuri extensie si la nivelul rectului• in pancolita + cativa cm de ileon• infiltrat de polimorfonucleare neutrofile, ulceratii, abcese la
nivelul criptelor, edem, fibroza, regenerare • fibroza, retractie longitudinala, pierderea haustratiilor,
pseudopolipi (regenerare)• displazie dupa evolutie indelungata
![Page 40: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului - anatomie patologica
B.Crohn• intereseaza toata grosimea peretelui, mezenterul si ganglionii
limfatici• peretele colonului apare ingrosat si rigid, lumenul redus• aspectul mucoasei depinde de gravitate si de stadiul bolii; in
stadiile avansate are aspect de pavaj dat de zonele de ingrosare a submucoasei alternand cu ulceratii
• aspect discontinuu al leziunilor separate de zone sanatoase• in evolutie produce abcese si fistule (digestive interne, externe,
vezicale)• microscopic - granuloame• in 30% din cazuri prinde intestinul subtire (in special ileonul terminal)
![Page 42: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului - B.Crohn
![Page 43: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului - Diagnostic
• Circumstante de diagnostic: diaree sau diaree sanguinolenta; • infectii perianale persistente; febra persistenta cu manifestari
extraintestinale (artrita, afectare hepatica)• Biologic:
– teste de inflamatie nespecifica– anemie (hemoragii repetate, inflamatie cronica, malabsorbtie de vit B12
si folati, )– tulburari electrolitice, hipocalcemie (malabsorbtia vit D)– hipoalbuminemie, – steatoree– cresterea fosfatazelor alcaline (colangita sclerozanta sau steatoza)
![Page 44: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului - Diagnostic
• Sigmoidoscopia - existenta leziunilor inflamatorii• Colonoscopia totala + ilescopia - extensia leziunilor• Rx baritata in dublu contrast - extensia leziunilor• Biopsia • Diagnostic diferential:
– neoplasmul colo-rectal– diverticuloza si diverticulita– proctita radica– colitele acute infectioase, ischemice– tuberculoza intestinala
![Page 45: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului - Complicatii
• perforatia (RCUH)• megacolonul toxic (RCUH>BC)• fistule (BC)• abcese (BC)• stenoze • degenerare maligna
![Page 46: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului manifestari extraintestinale
• manifestari articulare periferice si centrale• manifestari cutaneo-mucoase: eritem nodos, pyoderma
gangrenosum, ulceratii aftoase• manifestari oculare: episclerite, irita, uveita• manifestari hepatice:
– pericolangita,– colangita sclerozanta– hepatita cronica activa, ciroza
![Page 47: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului - Tratament
RCUH
• Tratament medical
• Tratament chirurgical- in complicatii - in formele rezistente la tratament
• Radical: proctocolectomie totala cu ileostomie• Alternative: ileostomie cu rezervor, proctocolectomie
totala cu anastomoza ileo-anala cu rezervor in J- supraveghere endoscopica pt recidive si displazie
![Page 48: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Bolile inflamatorii ale colonului - Tratament
B. Crohn
• Tratament medical• Tratament chirurgical: - in complicatii
- stenoza si obstructie- fistula simptomatica- fistule sau abcese perianale persistente- abcese intraperitoneale, perforatii, megacolon toxic
• Procedee operatorii: - colectomie - recidive la 50-75% dupa 5 ani- proctocolectomia totala cu ileostomie - recidive 10-30%
![Page 49: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Tumorile colonului
![Page 50: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Tumorile benigne ale colonului
![Page 51: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Generalitati
frecventa mare
importanta diagnosticarii precoce
![Page 52: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Polipoza recto-colica
boala benigna
unul sau mai multi polipi la nivelul mucoasei
incidenta familiala crescuta
potential ridicat de malignizare
![Page 53: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Generalitati
Polipul = formatiune tumorala care se proiecteaza in lumen
adevarat = ax conjunctivo-vascular din submucoasa acoperit de mucoasa
pseudopolip = inflamator, simpla hipertrofiere a mucoasei
![Page 54: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Anatomie patologica
unic, multiplu (doi sau mai multi) diseminat (in special pe colonul stang,
rect, cu zone de mucoasa sanatoasa intre ei)
polipoza difuza (in covor) - intereseaza intraga suprafata a mucoasei colice
![Page 55: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Anatomie patologica
Localizare 80% sigmoid
dimensiuni variabile
pediculati sau sesili
![Page 56: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Anatomie patologica Microscopic
adenom tubular adenum vilos adenom tubulo-vilos
polipii juvenili dispozitie anarhica a elementelor normale ale mucoasei - dilatatii
glandulare, continut mucos
hamartoamele elemente normale ale mucoaseicu structura distorsionata mucoasa de acoperire de aspect normal, tesut conjunctiv bogat cu
glande chistice
![Page 57: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Polip pediculat
POLYPE TUBULEUX
![Page 58: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
POLIP SESIL
![Page 59: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Polip sesilPOLYPE VILLEUX
![Page 60: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Frome anatomoclinice Sindrom Gardner
polipoza + osteoame, fibroame, tumori desmoide pe tegument sau cavitatea abdominala
Sindrom Kronkhite-Canada polipi gastro-jejuno-ileo-colici-rectali + manifestari ectodermice : alopecie, pigmentatii
cutanate
Sindrom Peutz-Jeghers polipi hamartomatosi gastro-jejuno-colo-rectali + lentiginoza : pete melanice
periorificiale
Sindrom Turcot polipoza + tumori ale SNC
Sindrom Osfield polipoza + tumori de suprarenala
![Page 61: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Etiopatogenie
Frecventa : 7-10%, 40-50% varste inaintate Cauze necunoscute Factori incriminati
alimentari alergici metabolici genetici - PAF (polipoza adenomatoasa familiala)
transmitere autozomal dominanta
![Page 63: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Relatia polip cancer afectiune precanceroasa aspectul histologic
polip tubulos - 5% polip tubulo-vilos - 22% polip vilos - 50%
marimea polipului 1 cm - 1% 1-2 cm -10% peste 2 cm - 50%
forma polipilor polip sesil > polip pediculat
numarul polipilor polipoza difuza, polipoza multipla > polipul unic
![Page 64: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
1. Fearon E.R., Vogelste in B. C ell ., 199 0; 61: 759-7 67
Tumorigenèse colorectale : un modèle génétique selon Fearon et Vogelstein(1)
EPITH ELIUM
NORMA L
EPITH ELIUM
NORMA LHYPER PROLIFERATION
EPITH ELIALE
HYPER PROLIFERATION
EPITH ELIALEAD ENOME
PREC OC E
AD ENOME
PREC OC EAD ENOME
INTERMEDIAIRE
AD ENOME
INTERMEDIAIREAD ENOME
TARD IF
AD ENOME
TARD IF CA RCINOMECA RCINOME METASTASESMETASTASES
Inactivation du GèneMSH2 ET MLH1
Hypométhylation de l’ADNAutres Altérations Génétiques ?
Chromosome :Altération :Gène :
5qMutation et perteAPC MCC ?
12qMutationK-RAS
18qPerteDCC ?
17pMutation et pertep53
La pathogenèse du cancer colorectal est un processus à étapes multiples.Les altérations moléculaires surviennent au niveau de plusieurs proto-oncogènes
et gènes suppresseurs de cancers selon une certaine chronologie.
Facteurs de Risque Génétiques
FACTEURS DE RISQUE
![Page 65: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Risque cumulatif de dégénérescence d’un polype > 1 cm (1)
(1) Stryker S.J. and al. Gastroenterology 1987; 93 : 1009-1013
à 5 ans 2,5%
à 10 ans 8%
à 20 ans 24%
Lésions Tumorales Pré-Cancéreuses
FACTEURS DE RISQUE
![Page 66: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Simptomatologie
Polipul solitar asimptomatici mici hemoragii episodice, in general oculte rectoragii cu sange rosu sau aspect de visina
putreda tenesme rectale scaune cu mucozitati apoase - polipii vilosi
![Page 67: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Tablou clinic
Polipoza recto-colica simptomatologie stearsa, nespecifica mult timp manifesta
scaune diareice - sindrom dizenteriform tenesme + emisiuni muco-gleroase
hemoragii - scaune sanguinolente, gleroase dureri abdominale difuze inapetenta, varsaturi rare
adolescent, adultul tanar
![Page 68: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Tablou clinic
stare generala mult timp buna
tardiv in evolutie sindrom anemic scadere in greutate
![Page 69: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Evolutie - complicatii
denutritie, anemie cronica
influenteaza dezvoltarea staturo-ponderala
malignizare - dupa 10-15 ani insidioasa plurifactoriala
![Page 70: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Tuseul rectal
polip rectal solitar
polipoza recto-colonica
![Page 71: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Explorari paraclinice
Colonoscopia totala examen de referinta diagnostic H.P. posibilitate terapeutica - scade riscul de
malignizare supraveghere evolutiva
Irigografia numar, sediu, aspect de pavaj - in polipoza difuza
![Page 72: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Diagnostic
In polipoza familiala ancheta familiala !
![Page 73: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Tratament
rezectie endoscopica + ex H.P. polipii unici sau multiplii pediculat + T0 = tt. definitiv, supraveghere endoscopica
tratament chirurgical colectomie segmentara - polip sesil degenerat > T0 colectomie totala +
rezectie de rect + colo-recto-anastomoza+ rezectie endoscopica a polipilor rectali seriata
polipi colici degenerati, polipi rectali benigni
rezectie totala de rect (rectocolectomie totala) polipi colici si rectali degenerati malign
![Page 74: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Cancerul de colon
![Page 75: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Etiologie
10% din tumorile maligne locul al III-lea @ntre cancerele digestive B = F predomin[ @n decada a 6-a ]i a 7-a localizare
60% colon st`ng din care 75% pe sigmoid 30-40% colonul drept
5% din cazuri tumori multiple (sincrone)
![Page 76: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Le cancer en France : incidence et mortalité. Rapport de la Direction Générale de la Santé, 1998.
Union Européenne : Taux d’Incidence standardisé à l’Europedes Cancers les plus Fréquents - Situation en 1995
Prostate Poumons Côlon/Rectum Pharynx-Lèvres- C. buccale Vessie Estomac Oesophage Larynx Rein Pancréas Mélanome Thyroïde
87,166,562,339,726,915,615,114,5126,56,33,1
HOMMES (pour 100 000)
Sein Côlon/Rectum Corps utérin Col utérin Ovaire Poumons Mélanome Estomac Thyroïde Vessie Rein Pancréas
10737,413,69,99,58,97,76
5,75
4,73,4
FEMMES (pour 100 000)
EPIDEMIOLOGIE
![Page 77: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
1. International Agency For Research on Cancer, Cancer incidence in five continents ; vol 7 1997, IARC
2. SEER Cancer stastis tics Review 1973-1995, 1998, NCL
25
50
SuisseAllemagneItalie GB Suède Pays-Bas Espagne GrèceÉtats-Unis (2)
53,1
45,5
34,9
46
34,137,7
34,536,9
31,434,8
33 30,3
35,1
27.931,7
28,7
20,5 18,5
Taux pour 100 000 Habitants
Hommes Femmes
Incidence du Cancer Colique en 1995 dans le Monde(1)
EPIDEMIOLOGIE
![Page 78: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Incidence du Cancer Colorectal en Europe en 1990(1)
1. Le cancer en France : incidence et mortali té - Rappor t de la Direction Générale de la Santé, 1998 : p. 50
Taux standardisés à l’Europe pour 100 000 habitants
60
40
50
30
20
10
0
Danemark Espagne France Italie Pays bas Royaume-Uni
56,9
45,441,5
28,2
45,1
30,0
55,7
41,9
50,6
36,0
57,6
34,9
Hommes Femmes
EPIDEMIOLOGIE
![Page 79: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Patogenie
necunoscut[ factori de risc
nutri\ional regim s[rac @n fibre celulozice regim bogat @n gr[simi animale
st[rile precanceroase polipii adenomato]i bolile inflamatorii ale colonului (RCUH, boala Crohn)
genetici (HNPCC, PAF) antecedentele de cancer
![Page 80: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Anatomie patologic[
Macroscopic tumori vegetante cancerul schiros (@n virol[) tumorile intersti\iale retrac\ia peretelui colic (longitudinal pe dreapta, circular pe
st`nga) sclerolipomatoza peritumoral[
Microscopic 80% adenocarcinoame 10-20% carcinoame mucoase, anaplastice neepiteliale - foarte rare
![Page 81: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Modul de extindere
local[ @n profunzimea peretelui colic ]i @n suprafa\[, longitudinal ]i circular
limfatic[ ggl. epicolici, paracolici, intermediari, centrali (originea AMS, AMI) pt. flexura splenic[ - ggl. retropancreatici ]i ai hilului splenic
hematogen[ sistemul port - ficat - plaman - circulatia sistemic[
endoluminal[ perinervoas[ peritoneal[ (carcinomatoz[, tumorile Krukenberg)
![Page 82: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
A : Atteinte muqueuseet sous-muqueuse
B1 : Atteinte musculeuse
B2 : Atteinte musculeuseavec atteinte sous-séreuseou séreuse ou au-delà
C1 : B1 avec envahissement ganglionnaire proximal
C2 : B2 avec envahissement ganglionnaire distal
D : Métastases
(1) Astler V.B., Coller F.A. Ann. Surg., 1954; 139: 846-852
A B1 B2 C1 C2
GANGLIONS (N) + +
EPITHELIUM
MUQUEUSE
MUSCULARIS MUCOS AE
SOUS-MUQUEUSE
MUSCULEUSE
LIMITE EX TERNEDE LA PAROISOUS-SEREUS E
SEREUSE
Cancer Colorectal : Classification d’Astler-Coller (Dukes modifié) (1)
FACTEURS PRONOSTIQUES
![Page 83: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
T : Tumeur primitive
Tis : Carcinome in situ
T1 : Atteinte sous-muqueuse
T2 : Atteinte musculeuse
T3 : Atteinte sous-séreuse, séreuse ou graisse péricolique
T4 : Atteinte cavité péritonéaleà travers la séreuse ou extension par contiguïtéaux organes de voisinage
1. Colon and rectum. In: Hermanek P., Sabin L.H. (eds). TNM classification of malignant tumours (4th ed.) Berl in: Spr inger - Verlag 1992: 52-55
Tis T1 T2 T3 T4
Extension à un organe adjacent
Classification TNM : pénétration de la tumeur dans la paroi intestinale (T)
Cancer Colorectal : Classification TNM (1)
FACTEURS PRONOSTIQUES
![Page 84: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Clasificarea TNM
N - atingerea ganglionara N1 - metastaze in 1-3 ggl pericolici
N2 - metastaze in 4 sau mai multi ggl pericolici
N3 - metastaze in ggl sateliti unui trunchi vascular major
![Page 85: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Monges G. et coll . Lettre Cancérol. Déc. 1996; suppl. : 41-48
STADE
0
I
II
III
IV
TNM
Tis
T1
T2
T3
T4
T1-T2
T3
T4
Tout T
N0
N0
N0
N0
N0
N1-3
N1-3
N1-3
Tout N
M0
M0
M0
M0
M0
M0
M0
M0
M1
ASTLER ET COLLER
A
B1
B1
B2
B3*
C1
C2
C3**
D
* B3 (Gunderson-Sosin) : tumeur perforant le péritoine viscéral et/ou envahissant les organes de voisinage
** C3 (Gunderson-Sosin) : tumeur perforant le péritoine viscéral et/ou envahissant les organes de voisinageavec envahissement ganglionnai re
Correspondances entre les Classifications
FACTEURS PRONOSTIQUES
![Page 86: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Studiu clinic
Manifest[ri generale sc[dere ponderal[, astenie fizic[, inapeten\[ tulbur[ri func\ionale
tulbur[ri de tranzit intestinal constipa\ie, alternan\[ constipa\ie - diaree
dureri s`nger[rile
aspect de melen[ - colonul drept s`nge ro]u - rect ]i sigmoid
![Page 87: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Cancerul de colon drept
sindrom anemic durerea
inconstant[ @n fazele ini\iale jen[, durere estompat[ @n flancul drept intens[ precis localizat[
tulbur[ri de tranzit constipa\ie, alternan\[ de constipa\ie diaree @n localiz[rile care cuprind
valvula ileo-cecal[
tumor[ palpabil[ @n jum[tatea dreapt[ a colonului
N.B. de cele mai multe ori semnele generale atrag aten\ia pacientului asupra bolii sale
![Page 88: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Cancerul de colon st`ng
Tulbur[rile de tranzit constipa\ie progresiv[ alternan\[ cu diaree apoas[
dureri cu caracter de plenitudine jenant[ sau colicative @n fosa iliac[ dreapt[ (Bouveret)
modificarea aspectului scaunelor scaune cu mucus ]i s`nge scaune creionate
![Page 89: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Cancerul de colon transvers
Particularit[\i determinate de forma ulcero-vegetant[ a tumorii ]i de vecin[tate cu organele din etajul superior al abdomenului
simptome de @mprumut gastro-duodenale, biliare
![Page 90: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Examenul clinic
ini\ial asimptomatic distensia abdominal[ tumor[ palpabil[ (colon drept ]i sigmoid) tu]eul rectal tu]eul vaginal
![Page 91: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Examenul biologic
anemie hipoproteinemie hiperleucocitoz[ V.S.H. crescut
A.C.E. mai important pentru decelarea recidivelor
![Page 92: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Examene paraclinice colonoscopia cu biopsie irigografia-irigoscopia
stenoza neoplazic[ defileu neregulat excentric, -cotor de m[r-, dilata\ia colonului supraiacent lacun[ marginal[ sau de fa\[ stopul clismei baritate
radiografia abdominal[ simpl[ @n caz de ocluzie intestinal[
ecografia abdominal[ metastaze hepatice, obstruc\ia ureteral[ (dilata\ii pielo-caliceale)
urografia laparoscopia exploratorie (pt. stadializare)
![Page 93: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Diagnosticul cancerului de colon
tardiv de obicei
orice subiect peste 40 de ani cu tulbur[ri de tranzit, sindrom dispeptic, f[r[ explica\ie aparent[, anemic - explorarea colonului
![Page 94: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Diagnostic Positif
Conf. Consensus, 1998. Gastroentérol. Clin. Biol., 1998; 22/3 bis : S78-S84; S292
COLOSCOPIE
Lavement barytéen double contraste
Sensibilité
96,7%
84%
Indicationset Avantages
-Examen de référence
-Permet de poser un diagnostichistologique par biopsies
- Utile si difficulté endoscopiqueou contre indication à lacoloscopie
DIAGNOSTIC
![Page 95: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
S.O.R. Cancer du côlon, 1995; 99-100.
Conf. Consensus, 1998. Gastroentérol. Clin. Biol., 1998; 22/3 bis : S85-S89; S292
SYSTEMATIQUE
Examen clinique complet
Recherche d’antécédentsfamiliaux
Bilan biologique(NFS + Bilan hépatique)Dosage de l’ACE
Colonoscopie complète
Echographie abdominale
Radiographie pulmonaire F + P
OPTION
Echo-endoscopie rectale pourjuger de l’envahissementganglionnaire
TDM hépatique si l’échographien’est pas satisfaisante
Examens complémentairesen fonction de la clinique
B ILAN D’EXTENSION
![Page 96: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
S.O.R. Cancer du côlon, 1995; 131.
Conf. Consensus, 1998. Gastroentérol. Clin. Biol., 1998; 22/3 bis : S168-S176.
Foie 35%
Poumons 19%
Rétropéritoine 13%
Os 4%
Ovaires 1-2%
Surrénales 1-2%
Sites et Fréquences des Métastases
B ILAN D’EXTENSION
![Page 97: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
![Page 98: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
![Page 99: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Irigografie
![Page 100: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Ecografie abdominală
![Page 101: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
![Page 102: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Diagnosticul diferen\ial
formele clinice cu anemie afec\iunile tubului digestiv susceptibile de a da hemoragii oculte:
hernii hiatale, tumori benigne sau malign, ulcer gastro-duodenal, diverticuli colici, polipoza recto-colic[
formele clinice cu tumor[ palpabil[ cancerul de colon drept
plastron apendicular, tbc cecal, boala Crohn, tumori retroperitoneale
cancerul de colon st`ng diverticulita, perisigmoidita, endometrioza colic[, R.C.U.H., polipoza
recto-colonic[
cancerul de colon transvers: neoplasmul gastric, pancreatita
afec\iuni colice cu risc de malignizare - urm[rire atent[
![Page 103: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Evolu\ia ]i complica\iile
Exitus - prin invazia organelor din vecin[tate ]i a metastazelor
complica\iile peritonita ocluzia intestinal[ fistulele neoplazice
stomac, duoden, intestin
![Page 104: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Tratamentul cancerului de colon
chirurgical radioterapia chimioterapia imunoterapia
![Page 105: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Tratamentul chirurgical
corectarea dezechilibrelor biologice corectarea tarelor organice profilaxia antibiotic[ preg[tirea mecanic[ a colonului
regim + clisme evacuatorii purgative saline, Manitol 10% PEG (Fortrans), X-prep
profilaxia trombozelor venoase
![Page 106: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Tratamentul chirurgical in functie de stadiu cu viz[ radical[
cancer colon drept = hemicolectomia dreapt[ cancerul de colon st`ng
hemicolectomia st`ng[ + splenopancreatectomie st`ng[ pt cancerul de flexur[ splenic[ colectomie segmentar[ de sigmoid recto-sigmoidectomie
paleative deriva\ii interne:
ileotransversoanastomoz[, ileosigmoidoanastomoza, transversosigmoidoanastomoza
rezec\ie segmentar[ tip Hartmann deriva\iile externe: cecostomia, anusul iliac st`ng
rezec\iile pe cale laparoscopic[ @n curs de evaluare
![Page 107: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Tratamentul adjuvant
Chimioterapia indicat[ @n stadiul C (Dukes) de principiu stadiul B2 numai @n trialuri terapeutice asocia\ii 5FU - acid folinic (FU-FOL)
Radioterapia preoperatorie - tumori infectate, extinse postoperator - 4-5 s[pt[m`ni dup[ opera\ie paleativ[ - cancere inoperabile
![Page 108: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Rezultate
Mortalitatea operatorie - tratamentul electiv < 10% crescut[ @n urgen\[
supravie\uire global[ la 5 ani - 42% 46% femei 38% b[rba\i
consecin\e func\ionale neglijabile
ameliorarea rezultatelor - depistarea precoce
![Page 109: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Proposition de Surveillance d’un Cancer Colo-Rectal Stade A ou B1dans les 5 ans qui suivent l’Exérèse à visée Curative
COLON (1, 3)
Examen clinique tous les 3 mois pendant les 2 premières annéespuis tous les 6 mois pendant 3 ans
Coloscopie à 1 an puis selon les résultats
RECTUM (2, 3)
Examen clinique tous les 6 mois pendant 2 ans puis une fois par an
Echoendoscopie rectale si anastomose basse
Coloscopie à 1 an puis selon les résultats Radio. thorax etécho. hépatique tous les 18 mois pendant 3 ans
1. S.O.R. Cancer du côlon 1995 : 131-133 2. S.O.R. Cancer du rectum 1998 : 188-1943. Conf. Consensus Gastroentérol. Clin. Biol. 1998; 22/3 bis : S155-S167
SURVEILLANCE
![Page 110: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Proposition de surveillance d’un cancer colique stade B2 ou Cdans les 5 ans qui suivent l’exérèse à visée curative (1, 2)
Examen clinique tous les 3 mois pendant 2 ans puistous les 6 mois pendant 3 ans
Coloscopie à 1 an puis selon les résultats
Echographie hépatique tous les 3 mois pendant 2 ans puistous les 6 mois
Radio de thorax tous les ans jusqu ’à 5 ans (option)
1. S.O.R. Cancer du côlon 1995 : 131-1332. Conf. Consensus Gastroentérol. Clin. Biol. 1998; 22/3 bis : S155-S167
SURVEILLANCE
![Page 111: Cancer-colon](https://reader036.fdocumente.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/5571f95e49795991698f6ba5/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Proposition de surveillance d’un cancer rectal B2 ou Cdans les 5 ans qui suivent l’exérèse à visée curative (1, 2)
Examen clinique tous les 3 mois pendant 2 anspuis tous les 6 mois
Dosage ACE tous les 3 mois pendant 2 anspuis tous les 6 mois
Echographie hépatique tous les 6 mois pendant 3 anspuis tous les ans
Echoendoscopie rectale tous les 3 mois pendant 2 anspuis tous les ans si anastomose basse
Coloscopie à 1 an puis selon les résultats
Radio de thorax une fois par an1. S.O.R. Cancer du rectum 1998 : 188-194
2. Conf. Consensus Gastroentérol. Clin. Biol. 1998; 22/3 bis : S155-S167
SURVEILLANCE