Citete cu atenie sursele informaionale propuse. n baza lor, a hrilor tematice, a

cunotinelor i a competenelor dobndite pe parcursul studiilor liceale, rspunde la ntrebrile

propuse:

Sursa A. Odat cu contientizarea problemelor pe care le aduce utilizarea pe termen lung a combustibililor fosili i cu ameninarea epuizrii lor ntr-un interval relativ scurt de timp, oamenii au cutat alternative, n vederea diminurii ratelor mari de utilizare a acestora i reducerii efectelor negative asupra ecosferei. S-a dezvoltat utilizarea surselor alternative de energie, cu avantaje clare n

protecia capitalului natural fa de cele epuizabile, care permit meninerea unui echilibru ntre capitalul natural cel care furnizeaz o serie de resurse, servicii i sisteme socio-economice i cele care primesc acele resurse i servicii. Este vorba de surse inepuizabile, care nu contribuie la srcirea resurselor Terrei i nu polueaz mediul cum sunt: energia geotermal, energia solar sau cea eolian.

http://opengis.unibuc.ro, 03.04.13.

Sursa B. Un cutremur de aproape 6 grade pe scara Richter a zguduit n aceast diminea vestul Mexicului. n urma seismului, nu au fost nregistrate victime sau pagube materiale semnificative,

dar oamenii au ieit speriai pe strzi. Cutremurul a fost resimit i n capitala rii Mexico City, situat la peste 300 de kilometri deprtare de epicentru. Aici cldirile s-au cltinat, iar curentul electric a czut. Seismului a fost localizat la o adncime de peste 70 de kilometri.

http://www.publika.md, 22.04.13

Nr. Item Scor

I Analiza i interpretarea fenomenelor i componentelor mediului geografic, n baza utilizrii surselor informaionale, imaginilor i hrilor tematice (38 puncte).

1. Pornind de la coninutul sursei A:

a) identific, din textul sursei, una din problemele actuale a lumii contemporane __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

b) dedu o cauz ce determin problema identificat __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

c) enumer trei surse alternative de energie menionate n text 1._________________________

2._________________________

3._________________________

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2 Examinnd imaginea alturat:

a) numete hazardul natural reflectat n imagine

___________________________

b) scrie categoria n care este

ncadrat acest hazard natural

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c) enumer dou cauze naturale care pot determina producerea

acestui hazard

1. ________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________

d) scrie trei cauze antropice declanatoare ale acestui hazard 1. ________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________

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e) exemplific dou uniti de relief din Republica Moldova unde se produce frecvent acest hazard

1. _______________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________ f) indic o consecin a acestui hazard pentru mediul natural

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_________________________________________________________ g) dedu dou msuri de prevenire a hazardului

1._______________________________________________________

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2. _______________________________________________________

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3. Pornind de la coninutul sursei B, indic:

a) regiunea seismic unde a avut loc cutremurul indicat

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ b) tipul cutremurului, conform cauzei care l-a provocat

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_________________________________________________________ c) identific, n baza textului, dou consecine ale cutremurului menionat, explicndu-le

1.________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

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2.________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________ d) scrie un argument, ce justific necesitatea pstrrii calmului n timpul declanrii unui cutremur de pmnt.

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4. Un avion a decolat din oraul Dubai, la data de 31 mai, ora 20.00 i a aterizat la Buenos Aires peste 7 ore. Calculeaz ora dup meridianul local i data aterizrii avionului n Buenos Aires.

Not: Efectueaz toate calculele pe foaia de test, aplicnd reeaua de grade a hrii.

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5.

Analiznd piramida structural a populaiei:

a) identific numrul populaiei de vrst tnr (0-14 ani) __________________________________________________________________

b) indic principal cauza, ce determin ponderea redus a populaiei de vrst tnr, explicnd-o

_________________________________________________________

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c) identific numrul femeilor de vrst naintat (80+ani) __________________________________________________________________

d) numete principala cauz, ce determin predominarea femeilor n grupa populaiei vrstnice, explicnd-o

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e) indic, conform nivelul de dezvoltare economic, tipul statelor crora le este caracteristic aceast piramid structural. __________________________________________________________________

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II Relaiile cauzale dintre componentele mediului geografic (23 puncte).

6. Utiliznd Harta economic a Indiei:

a) identific o ramur de specializare a zootehniei n regiunea de est a rii ___________________________________________________________________

b) numete doi factori, care au determinat specializarea ramurii date a zootehniei a n regiunea dat, explicndu-i

1._______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________

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c) numete dou ramuri de specializare a fitotehniei n India.

1.________________________________________________________

2.________________________________________________________

7. Pornind de la afirmaia c dinamica apelor oceanice se manifest prin micri ritmice:

a) explic noiunea de micri ritmice __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

b) indic dou cauze ce determin formarea micrilor ritmice 1._________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2._________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

c) scrie dou efecte ale micrilor ritmice asupra zonei de rm 1._________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2._________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

d) demonstreaz, n baza a dou exemple, importana economic a micrilor ritmice

1.________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

2.________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

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8. Explic, n baza a dou argumente, cauzele i msurile de soluionare a problemei

alimentare, definit ca una din cele mai acute probleme ale lumii contemporane.

Cauze:

1._______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

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2._______________________________________________________

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Msuri de soluionare:

1._______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________

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III Eseu (20 puncte)

9. Elaboreaz un eseu structurat, ncadrat n 1 pagin, la subiectul propus: Modificrile climatice i consecinele lor.

Not: La elaborarea eseului se va ine cont de: utilizarea limbajului geografic (minimum dou noiuni la tem); abordarea subiectului n relevan tematic (dou aspecte ce vin n argumentarea actualitii subiectului), structurarea logic a textului (pornind de la introducere, cuprins i ncheiere); evidenierea relaiilor de cauzalitate (minimum dou cauze; dou consecine; dou msuri de perspectiv); abordarea subiectului la nivel local, regional i global; argumentarea punctului de vedere propriu i formularea concluziei; respectarea volumului indicat.

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