ZOOLOGIE
description
Transcript of ZOOLOGIE
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ZOOLOGIE
CLS. X
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NUTRITIA IN LUMEA VIE
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NUTRITIA HETEROTROFA
• Realizat prin:
• Osmoza (viermii paraziti)
• Fagocitoza (amiba, spongieri)
• Ingerarea alimentelor pe cale bucala
• Intalnita la organismele care utilizeaza direct substantele organice.
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TIPURI DE NUTRITIE HETEROTROFA
• Saprofita
• Parazita
• Simbiotrofa
• Mixotrofa
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1. NUTRITIA SIMBIOTROFA
Simbioza – asocierea dintre 2 organisme apartinand unor specii diferite in folosul ambelor
ex: micorizele- asociere dintre o ciuperca si radacinile unei plante superioare
lichenii- asociere dintre o alga verde/albastra si o ciuperca
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Tipuri de simbioze:
Parazitismul (+ -) ex: tenia, limbricul, viermele de galbeaza, gandacul de Colorado, etc.
Parazitii = organisme care traiesc pe seama altor organisme vii (plante, animale) care servesc drept gazde, consuma substante din corpul gazdei afectand capacitatea acesteia de nutritie, dezvoltare, procese metabolice, etc.
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FASCIOLA HEPATICA(viermele de galbeaza)
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TENIA SAGINATA(tenia)
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Comensalismul (+ +)- asociere in care indivizii implicati au avantaje reciproce, unul profitand de pe urma celuilalt fara ai aduce prejudicii
• Ex. Remora-remora
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Mutualismul- relatie obligatorie si pozitiva intre 2 organisme, din care amindoua profita (au avantaj reciproc).
• Ex. crabul sanitar, crocodilul de Nil
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2. NUTRITIA SAPROFITA
• Organisme care se hranesc cu substante organice vegetale si animale intrate in descompunere (frunze moarte, trunchiuri de copaci, cadavre de animale)
• Ex. bacterii fermentative si de putrefactie, ciuperci inferioare (Saccharomices cerevisiae) si superioare.
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3. NUTRITIA MIXOTROFA
• Euglena verde, plantele carnivore autotrofe i-au un supliment de substante din corpul unor insecte
• Euglena verde- la lumina se hraneste autotrof, prin fotosinteza
- la intuneric se hraneste heterotrof (pradator)
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DIONAEA sp.
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DROSERA ROTUNDIFOLIA(roua cerului)
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NEPHENTES sp.(capcana lui Venus)