UNIVERSITATEA LUCIAN BLAGA SIBIU(MEDIA)FACULTATEA DE TIINE ECONOMICE

ECTS MEDIA ANUL II. SEM. IECONOMIA- TURISMULUI

PROIECT

DISCIPLINA:ECONOMIA TURISMULUI CONF.DR.VINTEAN ADRIANA

STUDENT:KOLOSI(BARCEA)RODICA ANTONELA

1. PERSONAL PREZENTATION ( Opinion about firm where I worked)I consider myself being an ambitious and fortunate woman. Correctness and reliability are my main characteristics. Whenever I promised something to someone I rather preferred to loose than break my word or take my promises back. Here are a few words about myself and the places I worked :My name is Kolosi(Barcea) Rodica Antonela and life wasnt easy with me.I had my first job at the age of 17 and a half. After I finished high school I begun working in a glassware production company. I worked in shifts, including the tiring night shifts. I started with the basic jobs and during my seventeen years with the company, continuously developed my skills. My first job was at the glass production department. I remember it was so hot there, but I liked what I was doing. People were good there. My father and my mother worked there, and I met my husband there as well. After 9 years I got transferred to Quality Control where I learned how to check the glass quality. I had a lot of responsibility deciding what was good and what was wrong, but my previous years on the plant floor helped me to do a better job. All of our customers were paying good money for quality glassware.After a few more years, my manager asked me if I want to change my job again, this time to the company showroom. I created for myself a good image in the company and due to my positive attitude I succeeded in advancing step by step in the company hierarchy. I was not a simple customer service representative anymore, and my language and accounting skills helped me in doing my job. My foreign language skills and the time spent in the production department helped me to explain technical and manufacturing problems of our products ( glass and crystal ware) to our foreign customers. Sometimes the peoples asked me Whats is the difference between glass and crystal ware? I had to answer: The difference between the two is that the crystal material has in composition 24% percent massicot.I was the front line of the business at Vitrometan, being the first face existing and prospect customers used to see when entering the sort to check our products. Before any colleague of mine from the Export Department came to meet the customer, I had to provide all the pertinent information to our clients. I continued to work hard and be flexible and I quite liked what I was doing. English helped me quite a lot, although I couldnt speak it that well. In school Ive learned only French and Russian. Ive learned to speak English by listening to the music and watching movies. Ive also learned to speak Spanish. I think I am doing very well in Spanish. However it doesnt help me as much as English in my line of work.In my opinion, English is the most important language in the world, because almost any transaction or business is made in using this language.After a while we had our first child. Now I am a mother and a wife. I feel happy and fulfilled. I have the ambition to finish my studies at 37. Because I didnt have the chance to go to school at the right time I want to give my son the opportunity to go to school at the right age.2. BUSINESS and BUSINESSES( Presentation of a company)

VITROMETAN S.A.Home, House & Garden >> Kitchen >> Crystal & Glass >> Glass >> Table GlasswareHome, House & Garden >> Pottery & Glass >> Glass >> Table GlasswareOur company:The glass trade has a long tradition in Romania, where, over the years, real masterpieces were created from sand and the skill of the people. VITROMETAN factory, founded in 1922 in Medias, in the heart of Transilvania is able to look back on a long history of glass manufacturing. The continuous activity of research has been finalized with several invention patents such as: patent for one procedure of obtaining the opal glass; patent for one procedure of obtaining glass articles with overlapped layers and the patent for one complex mould for producing lead crystal ornaments for chandeliers.With 200 employees we produce about 40t of glass items monthly, such as household glass products made of sodium glass (clear glass, cut glass, hand painted glass), colored glass and soda lime lighting glass. The production is based on our own collection or on the samples from our clients.The most important part of VITROMETAN glass production still follows the basic mouth blown techniques combined with the most modern trends. We also produce pressed and centrifuged items which complete the range of the products. Ennobling techniques like decorative cutting, hand painting or matting are used to get extra value on the produced items.The foundry and mould making department together with the high number of qualified employees enable VITROMETAN to produce articles of high quality and refinement. The use of highly qualified and certified raw materials from abroad, constant innovation and capacity of fast adaptation to the market as well as continuous investments always lead to the same result: stable and high quality glass.VITROMETAN also proves the capacity of accomplishing international standards by a longterm cooperation with clients from European Union (Germany, Austria, England, France, Belgium, Italy, Hungary). General presentation VITROMETAN S.A. is one of the largest production companies in the glassware industry in Eastern Europe, specialized in handmade and mouth blown products.Having both the traditional background of the handcrafted glass and the most modern technologies of the 21st century VITROMETAN is a solid presence in the glassware industry.Our goal is to design, produce and market a huge variety of products in concordance with the market trends and at competitive prices. VITROMETAN is focused on producing a big range of articles at maximum quality standards with affordable prices and a short market and delivery time.VITROMETAN processesas much as 120 tons of clear glass on a monthly base with a big variety of technologies. We produce clear glass, colored glass and opal glass. Our products may be mouth blown and handmade but also centrifuged, pressed or semiautomatic processed. Further decorations can be made with sandblasting, hand painting, engraving, frosting and decoration cutting. The technology and the high qualified personnel are the warranty for top quality in our products. With both a rich history of almost one century and a very promising future VITROMETAN is set to be an efficient partner, and meet your most sophisticated requirements.

Bussiness and Bussinesses

Questions :

1. What is the simplest form of business ownership?The simplest form of business ownership is the sole trader. Here, one person owns the business, takes all the decisions and risks his own money.

2. What does any business require?A business requires tremendous effort to get it going and once going, it requires minimum effort to keep it going.

3. Which are the differences between shareholders and stakeholders?The source of funding and capital is considered to be the main difference between the stakeholders and the shareholders.

4. What are large companies referred to as?Large companies are being referred to as corporations.

5. What does any business require?Any business requires true professionalism- the courage to care about people, clients, career.

Fill in:

Professionalism is an attitude not a set of competences. A true professional is a technician who cares. And if finding people with technical skill is usually easy, finding people who are filled with energy, drive, enthusiasm personal commitment to excellence is hard. Because real professionalism has little to do with which business you are in, what role within that business you perform, how many degrees you have. It implies a pride in work, a commitment to quality, a dedication to the interests of the client, a sincere desire to help.

Test Your English:

I. Select the correct answer:1. People say that the Irish love to talk a lot.a) tell b) say c) speak d) are telling2. Samuel Beckett was born in Dublin in 1906.a) is b) was c) has been d) had been3. The Republic of Ireland has been independent for over seventy years.a) by b) since c) for d) during4. Dublin celebrated its millennium in 1988.a) celebrated b) has celebrated c) had celebrated d) celebrates5. Many of the students go to our trainings by foot.a) on b) to c) by d) at6. "If I had my life to live over", as the song goes, "I would do it all over again".a) have b) had c) would have d) have had7. "Ah yes," said the old man, "if Id had time, I would have seen the world."a) would see b) saw c) would have seen d) had seen8. People should get full and truthful information from the media.a) information b) informations c) informs d) informationen9. "Is there anybody there? " said the traveller, knocking on the moonlit door.a) somebody b) anybody c) a body d) someone10. We should all work hard to save our planet from destruction.a) hard b) hardly c) hardest d) the hardest

MICROECONOMICS AND MACROECONOMICS

Questions:

1. What is microeconomics?Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of how the individual modern household and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources. Typically, it applies to markets where goods or services are being bought and sold. Microeconomics examines how these decisions and behaviors affect the supply and demand for goods and services, which determines prices, and how prices, in turn, determine the quantity supplied and quantity demanded of goods and services.

2. What is macroeconomics?Macroeconomics emphasizes the interactions in the economy as a whole. It deliberately simplifies the individual building blocks of the analysis in order to retain a manageable analysis of the complete interaction of the economy.

3. What causes inflation?Inflation is the percentage increase per annum in the average price of goods and services.

4. What are the main issues in macroeconomics?InflationUnemploymentOutput and GrowthMacroeconomic policy

5. How would you define economic growth?Economic growth is defined as an increase in the productive capacity of aneconomy over time, giving rise to an increase in real National Income (NI).

Fill in:

Microeconomics places the emphasis on a detailed understanding of particular problem. To achieve this amount of detail or magnification many of the interactions with other interactions are suppressed. In saying that a tax on cars reduces the equilibrium quantity of cars we ignore the question of what the government does with the revenue. Economic growth is defined as anincrease in the productive capacity of an economy over time, giving rise to an increase in real National Income (NI). If the rate of growth of income is greater than the rate of growth of population, income per capital will also rise.

Test your English

Fill the gaps with the following words:agentseconomy England income issuesmacroeconomics performance predictablesystems variables

Macroeconomics is the study of whole economic systems aggregating over the functioning of individual economic units. It is primarily concerned with variables which follow systematic and predictable paths of behavior and can be analyzed independently of the decisions of the many agents who determine their level. Because macroeconomics is concerned primarily with the interaction of different parts of the economy, it relies on a different simplification to keep the analysis manageable. Macroeconomics simplifies the building blocks in order to focus on how they fit together and influence one another.More specifically, it is a study of national economies and the determination of national performance. Macroeconomics considers the performance of the economy as a whole. Many macroeconomic issues appear in the press and on the evening news on a daily basis. When we study macroeconomics we are looking at topics such as economic growth; inflation; changes in employment and unemployment, our trade income (surplus, issues) with other countries (i.e. the balance of payments) the relative success or failure of government economic policies and the decisions made by the Bank of England.

Match the words on the left with theirdefinitions on the right:

1. pricea. The study of the behavior of entireeconomies.

2. GDPb. The study of individual elements of the economy

3. economyc. The value of all goods and services produced within a nation in a given

4. macroeconomicsd. The organization of production and distribution of goods and services within a socioeconomic system.

5. microeconomicse. The amount of money needed to purchase something

THE COMPANY

Questions

1. What does running a business entail?Running a business is a ride through a range of hazards and difficulties but one thing is sure: life will rarely, if ever, be dull.

2. Which are the ways we can make a business successful?The ways we can make a business successful are: having ideas-to develop new or existing products or services or even to take the first step into a new business. choosing professional advisers finding and keeping clients research target companies banding team up with another business to enhance yours and increase competity be creative, have an open minded philosophy and a I can do attitude. focus on creating a win/win situation. use time wisely,

3. What is important in business life?The key to success and happiness in life is to create a positive vision, to remain true to ones own spirit, to have the energy of challenge. If you do not enjoy running your business, you cant expect to do it well.

4. Why is leadership important?Because almost all successful businesses have good leaders.

5. Why are teams important in business life?They are important because they are the core of the business. Everyone succeeds when the team succeeds.

Fill in:

Team leaders and managers must live as exemplary models of how they expect others in their team to act. Each management team member is expected to be an inspiring player. The team effort has to be understood properly. The team effort must be a consequence of doing other things well. Coordinating the effort is to be achieved by the profit profile with each team member being accountable for some number on the profile and this will define success for a team. People have seen now the standards required.

Test Your English

I. Fill in the gaps with the following words: down, off, off, on, up to.

1. It is time I was on or I will be late for the meeting.2. He has been very off since he lost his job.3. I am going to London because the sales are down.4. I think this milk is off. Smell it.5. Why all the whispering? What are you up to?

II. Have you ever been to an English speaking country before?

Yes we lived in Canada for almost 9 years. When we went there I didnt know much English but my husband thought he did. However after the walk on the city streets with a stop at the coffee shop, he was quite disappointed. It was very hard to understand the way people were speaking English. Canada is a multicultural country and the mix of Indians, Chinese East Europeans Philippines and many other nations perhaps altered a little bit the non-academic English language. For me it was almost impossible to figure out what they were saying. That changed after the first few months I got hired at a financial company where most of the people were immigrants. I was able to understand everybody and make myself understood without any issues. By no means everybody was speaking a grammatical English, and people seem to have no issues to repeat ideas once or a few more times until everybody understood.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Questions:

1. How would you define the term "mercantilism"?In the context of the international trade the term could be described as: the acquisition of wealth, particularly wealth in the form of gold, was of paramount importance for the nations.( by a positive trade balance)

2. Who was John Stuart Mill?He was an English philosopher and political economist that showed that the determination of the exact after-trade price ratio was a supply-and-demandproblem.

3. What is the major purpose of the theory of comparative advantage?The major purpose of the theory of comparative advantage is to illustrate the gains from international trade.

Fill in:

The Huckster -Ohlin theory focuses on the two most important factors of production, labor and capital. Some countries are relatively well-endowed with capital; the typical worker has plenty of machinery and equipment at his disposal. In such countries, wage rates generally are generally high requiring much labor--such as textiles, sporting goods, and simple consumer electronics-- tend as a result to be more expensive than in countries with plentiful labor and low wage rates.

Test Your English

I. Match the following sentences with the words or phrases (a-k).

1.The holder of these has lent the company money but has no voting rights.h.debentures

2 A group of six accountants have decided to form an association to carry on business in common and make a profit.partnership

3.The investors give these people the power to run the companyf.directors

4.This company holds more than 50% of the voting shares in another company.j.holding company

5.Members of the public can only invest in this company if they are invited to do so.g.private limited

6.Investments in many companies can be made by buying shares on this market.d.stock exchange

7.The public at large can be shareholder in this company.b.group

8.The golf club was set up with the intention of not making a profit.c.non-profit-making

9.Fifty one per cent of the voting shares of this company are held by another company.a. subsidiary

10.This is the meeting which is held once a yea for the shareholders.k.annual general meeting

II. Choose the correct answer in each of the following:

1.Funds coming into a firm are known as income of funds.a.springsb.sourcesc.originationd.income

2.The ways these funds are used are known as the disposal of funds.a.applicationb.delegationd.consumption.

3. Cash funds include money in our hands and in the bank.c.profit a.workingb.currentd.cash

4.When you take away current liabilities from current assets you have the amount of working capital funds.a.liabilityb.working capitalc.assetd.flow

5.Financial statements about cash funds are usually known as cash resource statements.a.cash flowb.cash resourcec.cash outflowd.cash loss

6.An item which doesnt involve flow of funds is depreciation.a.sales of fixed assetsb.drawingsc.depreciationd.loan repayment

7.An item which involves flow of funds is sale of fixed asset.a.provision for bad debtsb.book loss on sale of fixed assetsc.sale of fixed assetd.book profit on sale of fixed asset.

DEALING WITH A CUSTOMER

Questions:

1. Which is the first step in dealing with any angry customer?The first step in dealing with any angry customer, whatever the reason, is to listen while they get their anger out of their system.

2. What happens when a major customer threatens to go elsewhere?If you really can't afford whatever hes looking for, then you can't afford the customer and it is better off letting him go. If there is no meeting ground, make sure you part on friendly terms.

3. Do you have many options with customers who are wrong? Listen Simmpatyze Explain Give them an excuse for their mistake Dont take the blame, let them feel their point is valid Do not offer refunds or replaces if you do make it sound as an gesture appreciation of them bringing the issue to your attention

Test Your English

I. Fill in the gaps with the following words and phrases: balance sheet, business, company, current assets, current assets, fixed assets, fixed assets, intangible assets, investments, tangible (Use a dictionary!)

The assets of a European company are usually divided into two major categories: fixed assets and current assets. The fixed assets category includes intangible assets, tangible assets, and financial assets. The current assets category includes stocks, debtors, investments, and cash at bank and in hand. In the United States, the assets of a company are usually divided into five categories: current assets, fixed assets, property, plant and equipment; investments, and other assets. These categories are listed on the balance sheet in decreasing order of their presumed liquidity. Current assets are those assets of a company that are reasonably expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during one year or during the normal operating cycle of the business. Intangible assets are long-term assets acquired for use in business operations. Fixed Assets accounts are also known as Capital Assets, Long-Term Assets, Long-Lived Assets, or Plant and Equipment.

II. Write a short dialogue between a bank manager and a customer. (20 lines) Hello Hi How can I help you? Hi my name is John Doe and I need your help . What s the matter? I called your branch several times yesterday trying to talk to you but I only got your voice mail. I was busy in meetings yesterday and I got your messages this morning. I actually called back at the number you left for me. I see . Well heres my problem: I think the bank failed to make one of the transfers I requested a few days ago by Internet banking. I missed that payment and now I may face penalties from the recipient financial institution. Well I know it is awkward to be in such a position and I regret if our institution did that. I need your bank card and your ID sir. Here they are. Thank you I see you completed all the right checks when you filled the online form, however you missed the expedite payment checkbox. That makes the transfer in 24 hours . Otherwise the transfer is made after 5 days as it is written in our terms and conditions funds transfer form. I completely overlooked that! Sir let me give a call to the other financial institution and explain the situation. I know we waived the penalties when similar things happened to their clients. Please do so. . After a few moments. Mr. Doe, youre lucky I called them explained the situation and they said that thy didnt roll up the pending transfers yet so therere no penalties for you. Thank you very much. Youve been extremely helpful!

Negotiations

Questions:

1. When do we negotiate?When two or more parties need or think they need each other's involvement in achieving some desired outcome.

2. How should the message be?The message has to be conveyed, received, understood, and accepted in order to entail the right actions or responses.

3. What does negotiation imply?Negotiation is a process, not a single skill. A range of skills are involved in handling this process effectively, but to identify the skills relevant to any negotiating episode, it is important to recognize which elements or principles ofnegotiation are involved.

4. Which are the principles common to all forms of negotiation?Two partiesDifferent opinions/objectives but same interestNegotiation accepted as a process of resolving differencesWilling to compromise of each partyHope for a final agreementEach party has some influence on the otherProgress of negociation influenced by emotions

5. Why is negotiation a process of interaction?Because in the process two or more parties who consider they need to be jointly involved in an outcome, having initially have different objectives, seek by the use of argument and persuasion to resolve their differences in order to achieve a mutually acceptable solution.

Fill in:

The sales manager wants the production schedules altered, the production manager does not, but both managers, it is to be hoped, share an interest in the success of the business. To disappoint an important customer may be of more immediate concern to the sales executive than to the production manager, but a good production manager will pay heed to the importance of good customer service.

Test Your English

I. Have you ever been to a foreign country before? If so, please give brief details. If your answer is no, country would you like to visit and why? The country I loved the most when visiting was Greece. We spent there a few vacations. The best weather there is during the early or late summer months. Going there in June you can expect 100% sunny weather and warm water. We stayed in a small but cozy hotel and travelled around most of the time. Clear waters, sandy clean beaches, Mediterranean cuisine makes Greece a very beautiful and affordable place for vacationing. I would return there with any opportunity.

II. Complete the gaps with suitable words:

1. I havent spoken English for ages.2. I couldnt understand what he was talking about.3. Where does she come from?4. My friends told me it was a good film last night.5. I always make the same mistakes when I speak fast.6. He cant do that alone. He needs assistance.7. The next train should arrive in a few minutes.8. I met her many years ago.9. The word for "two weeks" is fortnight.10. Im looking forward to my high impact business English training.11. The merger of the two companies means many changes.

MEETINGS

Questions:

1. What does the quality of any conversation depend on?The quality of the conversation depends on the participants moving.

2. What does a listener control?The listener controls the speaker's behavior by their own: by maintaining or breaking eye contact, by their body position, by nodding or shaking their head, by taking notes or doodling, and so on.

3. Is thinking an alternative to doing?Thinking is not an alternative to doing. We can use thinking as an excuse not to act; and we can act without thinking.

5. Does conversation have rules?Different kinds of conversation have different conventions. Some are implicitly understood; others must be spelled out in detail and rehearsed.

6. What is the purpose of the dialogue?The purpose of dialogue (from the Greek, 'meaning through') is to construct a new, shared meaning through conversation: a meaning that would not come into being.

Fill in:

a) Conversation is a verbal dance. The word, from Latin, has the root meaning of 'to keep turning with'. Conversation relies for its success on all participants moving. Like any dance, conversation has rules and standard moves. These allow people to move more harmoniously together, without stepping on each other's toes. Different kinds of conversation have different conventions. Some are implicitly understood; others must be spelled out in detail and rehearsed.b) Meetings have to be an efficient tool to assist us in getting decisions, information and action. We discuss, decide, decree, demolish. Sometimes they can take over our life. Some are efficient, others are not and for some of us they have even become a way of life. The objective of a meeting should never be to have a meeting. They are a means to an end, never an end.

Test Your English

I. Fill in the gaps with the following words: away, in, in on, on, out, out.

1. We are out of ink for the photocopier. Can you go out and get some?2. The application has to be in before Friday.3. I am going to be away for a few days.4. He will not let me in on the secret.5. He is on 50 cigarettes a day at the moment.

II. Continue the following in not more than 150 words: I need to improve my knowledge of English becauseBecause I feel I still have lots to learn. The thing that I miss the most is the lack of speaking the language. I could never say I know English very well. However I felt that the best way to improve the vocabulary and the ability to speak was to hear, understand and be forced to speak in English to make you understood. Television has been a big contributor in improving my English speaking ability. I was able to follow the English by both listening to the people speaking and reading the Close Captioning (provided generally for the hearing impaired people). One area I felt I had some deficiency was the grammatical English. Improving my English grammatically was difficult because I simply had no time to spend learning Grammar English.

MARKETING AND MERCHANDISING

Questions

1. How would you define marketing?Marketing is a process whose principal function is to promote and facilitate exchange.

2. What is a marketing strategy?Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage

3. What does market niche mean?A Niche Market is the highly specialized market that tries to survive among the competition from numerous super companies.

4. What are the roles of marketing?Marketing roles are to identify the customer, satisfy the customer, and keep the customer.

Fill in:

The marketing discipline had its origins in the early 20th century as an offspring of economics. Economic science had neglected the role of middlemen and the role of functions other than price in the determination of demand levels and characteristics. Early marketing economists examined agricultural and industrial markets and described them in greater detail than the classical economists. This examination resulted in the development of three approaches to the analysis of marketing activity: the commodity, the institution, and the function.

Test Your English

I. Select the right answer:

1. I have been requested to... a deposita) leaveb)letc) putd) do

2. An I.O.U...a) is a small loanb) is the same as a chequec) is a bill exchanged) is a promise to pay on the part of the debtor

3. Your payment is ... and your account is now in the red.a) overtimeb) overduec) overtaxedd) overcome

4. The bank does not want to lend me any money. I shall have to go to the...a) borrowerb) hirelingc) pawnbrokersd) cash-register

5. Counterfoil is a synonym for...a) stubb) ticketc) coupond)draft

6. A bad cheque may be referred to as a ... checka) redb) blackc) dudd) void

7. A bill of exchange is drawn up by...a) the payerb) the debtorc) the creditord) the drawer

8. When the acceptor stipulates some special condition, the acceptance of a bill is said to be...a) particularb) qualifiedc) specializedd) peculiar

9. A hire purchase transaction involves payment by...a) scatteringb) installmentsc) settlementsd) periods

10. The contract provides for the ... to leave 10% of the loan on deposit.a) lenderb) depositorc) borrowerd) creditor

II. Choose the correct words from the following: bookkeeping, interest, creditor, company, profit, current, capital, net, shares, debtor, dividend, statement, to complete the definitions.

1.Recording financial transactions is bookkeeping.2.A legal organization, formally registered in one of three ways and having a life independent of its members is a company.3.A person or organization that owes money is a debtor.4.A person or organization to whom money is owed is a creditor.5.The assets, including cash, debtors and stocks used in a companys trading available at the present moment are its current assets6.The equal parts into which the ownership of a company is divided are its shares.7.The money paid to shareholders out of a companys profits is the dividend.8.A companys turnover, less its cost of sales, is its gross profit9.A companys turnover after the cost of sales, tax, rent and other liabilities are deducted is its net profit.10.The sum of money paid by a borrower to a lender for the use of the lenders money is the interest on the loan.11.The document send to the debtor by the creditor, showing how much is owed and for what, is the statement of account.12.The shareholders investment in a company is the share capital

ADVERTISING

Questions:

1. What does modern advertising exploit?Modern advertising exploits every medium of communication.

2. Why are advertisements misleading?Sometime advertisements mislead by creating a demand, which would not otherwise exist.

3. Are there arguments against advertising?Yes there are: it could be: expensive, wasteful, misleading, exercise control over the media, put pressure on people to buy products they dont need or cant afford.

4. How can window dressing be seen as forms of advertising?Window dressing could be an effective mean of communication with the consumer. It provides a space for the presentation of the products. For a merchant, this is a way towards quality merchandising.

5. Which is the ultimate need for advertising?The ultimate need is for fulfilment. This would come when we have all that the advertisers say we so desperately need.

Answer the following

1. What is Hello: a magazine or a newspaper?Hello is a magazine.

2. Which country in the world spends the most on advertising: U.S.A or Japan?US is the country which spends the most on advertising in the world.

3. Why is William Caxton famous: he produced the first printed advertisement in England or in U.S.A. ?He is considered the parent of the printed books in England. He perhaps printed the first adds in England.

3. How did the earliest advertising take place?Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters

4. Who invented paper?Paper, and the pulp papermaking process, was said to be developed in China during the early 2nd century AD

5. How do we promote ourselves?By the way we behave, dress, act, by using CVs etc.

6. When did TV advertising come to Britain?The first TV ad broadcast in the UK was on ITV on 21 September 1955, advertising Gibbs SR toothpaste.

7. What is advertising industry entitled to do?

8. What is the difference between small and large advertising agencies?If you work in a small agency, you may be expected to do everything, including account management, client liaison, concept development, creative work. In a larger one, job roles will be more structured. You will have a specific role and a greater chance of more formal career development.

9. What does modern advertising exploit?They usually exploit false people needs.

10. What do advertising campaigns bring?They bring a champion theme.

11. What is business to business advertising?Business that sells products or provides services to other businesses.

12. What does concept development refer to?Develop the marketing and engineering details for a product.

13. How important is timing in advertising?It is very important the number of times a target is hit with the adds, the period of the day etc are important in the planning.

15. Which are the advantages and disadvantages of advertisements on theinternet?Advantages: reach more people globally, at a fraction of the cost of traditional ads, targeted advertising.Disadvantages: exposure to brand/logo stealing, the usage of ideas, etc by others.

Money

Test Your English

I. Fill in the gaps with the following words and phrases: accounting, bank, budget, costs, expenses, figure, market, operational, repositioning, strategy.

BCR, the largest bank on the market has entered "a programme of essential and fundamental changes," which cover strategy structures and organisation, operational systems and institutional culture, Nicolae Danila, the banks chief executive announced yesterday. "BCRs success today is not necessarily guaranteed to continue over the following years. The best time for change, for repositioning is when business is flourishing," Danila stated. The programme for integration into the Erste group and to develop the operations has a budget of approximately 200 million euros, of which some 150 million euros should be spent this year. This figure accounts for both integration costs and investment expenses. Part of the investment should go to support territorial network expansion from 478 branches to about 700 by 2009. Banca Comerciala Romana (BCR) aims to boost profit by 62% and assets by 31% in 2007, compared with the 2006 figures, the banks chief executive Nicolae Danila told a news conference yesterday. He specified the results were estimated in line with the Romanian accounting standards. The biggest bank in Romania, controlled by the Erste group, made a net profit of almost 830 million RON (some 240 million euros), bank sources told Mediafax in January.

II. Complete the gaps with suitable words:

1. I havent spoken English in ages.2. I couldnt understand what he was talking about.3. Where does she come from?4. My friends told me it was a good film last night.5. I always make the same mistakes when I speak fast.6. He cant do that alone. He needs assistance.7. The next train should arrive in a few minutes.8. I met her many years ago.9. The word for "two weeks" is fortnight.10. Im looking forward to my high-impact business English training.11. The merger of the two companies brings many changes.

3. MICROECONOMICS AND MACROECONOMICS A..Unemployment and inflation

Unemployment and inflation are two intricately linked economic concepts. Over the years there have been a number of economists trying to interpret the relationship between the concepts of inflation and unemployment. There are two possible explanations of this relationship one in the short term and another in the long term. In the short term there is an inverse correlation between the two. As per this relation, when the unemployment is on the higher side, inflation is on the lower side and the inverse is true as well. This relationship has presented the regulators with a number of problems. The relationship between unemployment and inflation is also known as the Phillips curve. In the short term the Phillips curve happens to be a declining curve. The Phillips curve in the long term is separate from the Phillips curve in the short term. It has been observed by the economists that in the long run the concepts of unemployment and inflation are not related. As per the classical view of inflation, inflation is caused by the alterations in the supply of money. When the money supply goes up the price level of various commodities goes up as well. The increase in the level of prices is known as inflation. According to the classical economists there is a natural rate of unemployment, which may also be called the equilibrium level of unemployment in a particular economy. This is known as the long term Phillips curve. The long term Phillips curve is basically vertical as inflation is not meant to have any relationship with unemployment in the long term. It is therefore assumed that unemployment would stay at a fixed point irrespective of the status of inflation. Generally speaking if the rate of unemployment is lower than natural rate, then the rate of inflation exceeds the limits of expectations and in case the unemployment is higher than what is the permissible limit then the rate of inflation would be lower than the expected levels. The Keynesians have a different point of view compared to the Classics.The Keynesians regard inflation to be an aftermath of money supply that keeps on increasing. They deal primarily with the institutional crises that are encountered by people when they increase their price levels. As per their argument the owners of the companies keep on increasing the salaries of their employees in order to appease them. They make their profit by increasing the prices of the services that are provided by them. This means there has to be an increase in the money supply so that the economy may keep on functioning. In order to meet this demand the government keeps on providing more money so that it can keep up with the rate of inflation. B..Economic growth in 2012World Bank forecasts slowdown in global economic growthThe World Bank released its latest Global Economic Prospects report Tuesday, forecasting slower economic growth the rest of this year and next. The World Bank is projecting a deceleration of gross domestic product (GDP) gains in the US, the euro zone, and the developing economies of Asia and Latin America compared to 2010. The only region where it foresees faster growth is Sub-Saharan Africa.While the World Bank attempts to put the best possible spin on its forecast, suggesting that there will not be a return to negative growth (a so-called double dip recession) and predicting an eventual acceleration, the figures released by the agency portend a growth of unemployment, poverty and social deprivation across the planet.In the US, Europe and Japan - where the so-called recovery has been characterized by anemic growth following the collapse of 2008 and early 2009, sustained high unemployment, and brutal attacks on the living standards of the working class - even slower GDP growth will mean a deepening of the slump.The bank estimated that the world economy will expand by 3.2 percent this year, down from 3.8 percent in 2010. Global growth in both 2012 and 2013 is expected to edge up just 3.6 percent - below the 2010 rate.The US economy is expected to grow a dismal 2.6 percent this year, compared with 2.8 percent in 2010, and remain below 3 percent at least through 2013. It takes a sustained growth rate of at least 3 percent to begin to make a dent in the near-double-digit official US unemployment rate.The growth of developing economies is expected to slow to around 6.3 percent a year through 2013, from 7.3 percent last year. The bank forecasts that in so-called high-income countries, growth will slow to 2.2 percent this year from 2.7 percent in 2010, before picking up to 2.7 percent and 2.6 percent in 2012 and 2013 respectively.Japans economy, recovering from its March tsunami and earthquakes, is forecast to not grow at all. Growth in the euro area is forecast to stay below 2 percent through 2013.The World Bank reports projections are, if anything, unduly optimistic. They do not take into account data from May, which were almost universally negative.Last Fridays US employment report for May showed a virtual collapse of job-creation, with a mere 54,000 net increase in US payrolls, less than a quarter of the previous months total and the lowest figure in eight months. May saw an increase in the number of unemployed workers to the highest level so far this year and a sharp rise in the number of long-term jobless. The official unemployment rate rose to 9.1 percent, with nearly 25 million people counted as either out of work or underemployed.The disastrous jobs report followed surveys showing sharply lower home prices and sales, a falloff in manufacturing, declines in auto sales and consumer spending, and a drop in consumer confidence.Reports from Europe, China and India in May likewise documented slower manufacturing activity and economic growth.Only hours before the release of the World Bank survey, US Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke delivered a gloomy speech on US economic prospects to a meeting of the American Bankers Association in Atlanta, Georgia. He began by acknowledging that US economic growth so far this year has been slower that the Feds projection. While saying the US is experiencing a recovery at a moderate pace, he admitted that it is frustratingly slow from the perspective of millions of unemployed and underemployed workers.Bernanke seemed to backtrack on previous assurances that the recovery was secure, declaring, Until we see a sustained period of stronger job creation, we cannot consider the recovery to be truly established.On the jobs situation, Bernanke was relatively frank, admitting it remains far from normal. He cited one statisticaggregate hours of production workersas a stark indicator of the depths of the jobs crisis. This comprehensive measure of labor input that reflects the extent of part-time employment and opportunities for overtime as well as the number of people employed, he explained, fell, remarkably, by nearly 10 percent from the beginning of the recession through October 2009.What was particularly significant was the fact that this measure remains 6.5 percent below its pre-recession level. Bernanke pointed out that this drop was worse than the decline in aggregate hours worked in the deep 1981-82 recession.The Fed chairman noted an increase in inflationwith consumer prices rising at a 3.5 percent annual ratebut reassured his audience of bankers that falling wages and declining unit labor costs would keep price increases under control. Notably, he said, because of the weak demand for labor, wage increases have not kept pace with productivity gains. Thus the level of unit labor costs in the business sector is lower than it was before the recession.This was tantamount to an endorsement of the policy of his audience of hoarding trillions of dollars in cash from record profits rather than hiring workers, so as to force down wages.Bernanke signaled that the Fed would, as planned, allow its program of $600 billion in Treasury bond purchases (dubbed quantitative easing II) to lapse at the end of this month and made clear that the central bank would continue to keep short-term interest rates near zero.As far as policies to address mass unemployment, Bernanke had nothing to offer. In this context, monetary policy cannot be a panacea, he said. Instead, he repeated his call for austerity and deficit-reduction, cautioning, however, that a plan to slash spending should be put in place now but implemented in the medium and long term rather than immediately.Bernankes grim picture of the labor market was confirmed Tuesday by a new report from the Labor Department showing that the US had 3 million job openings at the end of April, down from Marchs 3.1 million vacancies. In April, there were roughly 4.6 jobless workers for every opening.Underscoring the grim prospects for the US economy, the Wall Street Journal on Wednesday reported that Charles Evans, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, told the newspaper that he was lowering his projections for US economic growth from 4 percent to, at best, 3.25 percent in 2011 and 3.75 percent in 2012.Also on Wednesday, the Feds regional Beige Book survey for the first time this year reported a slowdown in economic growth in four of the banks 12 districtsNew York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Atlanta.The Obama administration, acting as the direct instrument of Wall Street, is exploiting the economic crisis to drastically lower the wages, conditions and living standards of the American working class. This was underscored in Obamas joint press conference with German Chancellor Angel Merkel on Tuesday, at which he downplayed the significance of the May employment report, dismissed the possibility of a double dip recession, and reaffirmed his pro-corporate policy.Obama said his answer to the jobs crisis was to make American corporations more competitive with the emerging economies and to get a handle on our debt and deficitin other words, force American workers to work harder for less and gut basic social programs such as Medicare and Medicaid.This is the substance of the administrations negotiations with the Republicans to slash trillions of dollars in social spending as part of a deal to raise the federal debt limit. On Wednesday, Fitch Ratings weighed in on behalf of the big banks to warn that it would put US debt on watch for downgrade in early August if no such deal was reached by then.It joined its bigger ratings counterparts in threatening to downgrade US government bonds, Standard & Poors having made a similar warning in April and Moodys having issued it own last week4. THE COMPANY Success and unsuccessful in business life and some ways to make successful ideas.

Success takes time and effort. Yes, many times you will fail before you are successful. Ask just about anybody who has become successful if they have ever failed at any aspect of their journey. Chances are you will get quite a few stories of missteps and blunders.The difference between long-term success and failure is the reaction to it. People who, as Charlie Sheen says are Winners, overcome the obstacles.Yes, failure happens.Live with it.Learn from it.There is a need to change the view on failure. It is not something that needs to be avoided. It is a chance to learn something that does not work!

It is not always reaching the destination that defines the man (or woman), but the journey that is taken to get there. The biggest successes have gone through the biggest failures.If you are struggling in your internet business, do not be afraid to try things that are new different and perhaps even fly in the face of conventional wisdom. The worst thing that can happen is failure which is just a chance to learn and grow.To illustrate the point, here is a list of 10 people who were all hugely successful in their fields. All of them failed. Not only did these people fail, but they failed on a massive scale. Yet history still views these successful people who failed as great success stories because they bounced back and succeeded in the end.vis Presley: You do not need to be a Elvis fan to acknowledge the impact he has had on popular music. They dont dub somebody the King of a form of music without a great amount of success.But even for Elvis success came after failure. His first recordings went nowhere. After that he tried to join a vocal quartet and was told he, couldnt sing. Finally, right before he became popular, he was told, You aint goin nowhere, son. You ought to go back to drivin a truck.Michael Jordan: It is hard to imagine it, but the Jordan, who is arguably the greatest basketball player ever, was once cut from his high school team.As Jordan puts it, I have missed more than 9,000 shots in my career. I have lost almost 300 games. On 26 occasions I have been entrusted to take the game winning shot, and I missed. I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.If asked to name a genius, most people would come up with the name Albert Einstein. Yet even for Einstein genius did not come easy. He had speech difficulties as a child and was once even thought to be mentally handicapped.As a teen he rebelled against his schools reliance on rote learning and failed. He tried to test into Zurich Polytechnic, but failed again (although he did very well in the math and physics sectionas you might expect). Einstein buckled down, received the requisite training and applied to Zurich Polytechnic again, and of course was accepted.A few years later he had a PHD and was recognized as a leading theorist. A few years after that he had a Nobel prize for physics and began to be recognized as the genius of our modern era.

5. INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Traducere propozitii ...... :1. Comanda aceasta ar fi trebuit comandata mai devreme. This order should have been placed earlier.2. Suntem dispusi sa va acordam un rabat de 4%. We are prepared to offer you a discount of 4%.3. Nu uitati sa le trimiteti ultima noastra lista de preturi impreuna cu conditiile noastre de vanzare. Do not forget to send them our latest price list with our terms and conditions of sale.4. Ambalajele goale nu se primesc inapoi. We do not take back empty packaging.5. Termenele de livrare nu au fost respectate. Delivery times have not been observed.6. Producatorii cauta acum noi piete de desfacere. The manufacturers (producers) are currently trying to find new open markets.7. Vanzatorii cu amanuntul protesteaza impotriva deciziei de a infiinta un supermarket. Retailers are protesting against the decision to build a supermarket.8. Angrosistii sunt acuzati de a fi intermediari neproductivi. Wholesalers are accused of being unproductive middle mans.9. Gama aceasta de preturi corespunde imaginii marcii noastre. This price range corresponds to our brand name.10. Plata va trebui efectuata in 2 saptamani de la primirea facturii. The payment shall be made in 2 weeks from invoice receipt.11. Cele mai multe supermarketuri cu suprafata mare si-au lansat propriile marci pentru a atrage client noi. Most supermarkets with large areas have launched their own brands to attract new customers.12. Am reusit sa ne facem client fideli. We managed to make our clients.13. Preturile s-au prabusit in ultima vreme. The prices have collapsed recently.14. Cumparam angro tot mai mult. We buy bulk more and more.15. Am intalnit mai multi vanzatori ambulanti. I met a lot of peddlers (travelling salesman).16. Care este riscul pentru acest produs? What is the risk for this product?17. Angrosistul furnizeaza vanzatorului cu amanuntul marfurile pe care acestea din urma le revine clientilor sai. The wholesaler supplies goods to retailers and the latter resale them to their customers.18. Ei nu au respectat termenele de livrare. They did not meet delivery terms.19. Va vom informa negresit de indata ce marfurile sunt disponibile. We will certainly inform you as soon as the merchandise is available6. MARKETING AND MERCHANDISING Professionals in business life

Delivers a comprehensive array of store-level support services that help grocery retailers maximize sales through highly innovative merchandising and marketing strategies.Expertise in category management is no longer a "nice-to-have" in the grocery industry. It's now a necessity. SUPERVALU's category management services help our grocer customers address fierce competition and fickle consumers by enhancing existing merchandising practices with superior consumer insight.SUPERVALU provides grocers with the consumer, category and competitive information they need to become or remain market leaders. The result? Retail merchandising that enhances consumer value, drives store gains and expands business opportunities.Chasing - and Catching - Today's ConsumerToday's consumers are sophisticated and highly fragmented. Product suppliers and retailers alike are chasing consumers with mind-boggling arrays of new products and categories and new store formats. SUPERVALU's category management program helps grocers determine the "whys" behind purchasing behavior, enhancing their ability to retain core shoppers and capture new ones. Today, more than 1,200 retailers participate in the SUPERVALU category management program.SUPERVALU's category management program is a three-way partnership between SUPERVALU, its suppliers and retailers to manage product categories as strategic business units, turn consumers into satisfied customers and more effectively drive retail sales.Tourism promotions and marketing help you entice tourists to visit your destination, be it a city, an attraction, a convention center, a hotel, a sports facility or some other location that draws tourists. You need to understand tourism marketing and promotions methods to make the most informed decisions for your destination and budget.Related Searches:

7. ADVERTISINGFor every product the most important things is promotion. People who thinkof advertising should have better idea to make people to try it. Heineken has managed that in all his advertising. For example, one of Heineken advertising shows us two people show their new friends there mansions...Girls creates a great noise of happiness when they are going in one of the special room...! (Was a room full of shoes!) .. after a few seconds, guys with a lot more craziness make more noise... girls are verycuriosityto see what that room contains. It was filled with Heineken beer.

Describing a brandA brand is more than a logo, is the essence of your company business. It encompasses names, slogans, colours, style of advertisement, register of language, tastes.A brand s values are: respect, honesty, passion, professionalism, trustworthiness and moreover a reputation gained in the community.Coca Cola is an example of a recognized trademark, representing a global brand and nowadays, it has became the most popular and biggest selling soft drink which started as a caramel coloured liquid and carbonated water. It was in 1886. Since them, it is produced in more than 200 countries, under the Cola brand name: Virgin Cola, Pepsi-Cola, Afri- Cola, Diet-Coca, Coca Cola Zero, Coca- Cola Vanila, Pepsi, Zam- Zam Cola.Cola concentrate is sold in pharmacies in all countries as a remedy for medley upset stomach. Coca Cola s advertising has significantly affected American culture, associated with the image of Sant Claus. In turn, Coca Cola is the Sponsor of the Frott all League, Cricket Word Cup, Winter Oliimpies, Fotball Championships.

8..TURISTIC ATRACTION: A. Famous festival Famous festival. Festivals in Germany Oktoberfest

Germany is a country full of traditions and festivals, all year around you will find a possibility to have fun with the public festivities. In January there are few events being the most important the Three Hallowed Kings festivity. February is the month of Carnival (Fasching), in almost every Germanys city there are many big parties and parades. Although it is true that some carnivals are celebrated in November 11, the real festivities start in February. The most popular cities where carnival is celebrated are Aachen, Cologne, Dusseldorf, Mainz, Munich or Muenster. March is the beginning of the spring and the end of the winter, so there are many festivals and events. There is a festival made for kids and why not the whole family, we are talking about the Berlins Spandau Spring Festival; there are roller coasters, rides, food stands and fireworks exhibitions. In Munich is celebrated the Strong Beer weeks, a traditional beer is brewed for this occasion. The beer has to contain about 6.5% alcohol; from there comes its fame of Strong Beer. In April, the most important festivals are relative to the spring. In Frankfurt, Hamburg and Munich there are many spring fairs, meanwhile Dresden is home to the FilmFest and the International Dance week. But the most important celebration in this month is Easter; it is celebrated 46 days after Ash Wednesday. Germany has many traditions in this festivity like the Easter egg beautifully decorated, paschal lamb, paschal bunny and Easter fires among others. May is full of annual events, spring and summer festivals and many music festivals. In this month Germany is really beautiful, full of color and interesting places to visit. The most important events are the Munich Spring festival, the Bodensee Festival on Lake Constance in Friedrichshafen, the Dresden Music Festival and the Asparagus Festival in Darmstadt. Germanys June festivals include music festivals and sport events. The most important musical festivals are the massive Rock am Ring and Rock am Park and the festival of classical music in Dresden. In this month, the biggest sailing event of the world is the most popular sport event; about 3.5 million people arrive to Keil and enjoy this event. July is also time of musical festivals, many of them free such as the Rheinkultur Bonn, Schlagermove pop music festival, Zeltfestival in Hamburg and the Das fest in Karlsruhe. This month is also famous for its summer and wine festivals. August is popular for beer festivals, wine festivals and theatre festivals. In the regions of Mosel and Rhine, the wine festivals are the favorites for visitors. The cities of Stuttgart, Hamburg, Mainz, Frankfurt or Aachen dont stay behind; these are famous destinations for beer fans. One of the most important festivals in this month is the Berlin Beer Festival, is like the Oktoberfest but in a different location. In September the wine, beer and music festivals continue. The most attractive music festivals are the Beethoven Festival in Bonn, the Alstadt Autumn Festival in Dusseldorf, Berlin Musicfest and the Potsdam Jazz Festival. In the last days of September, the Oktoberfest begins in Munich; this is one of the most famous festivals of Germany. Many people arrive to the city just to try the delicious beers especially made for this occasion. The Oktoberfest ends in early October. In November and December the Christmas markets appear, doesnt matter the German city where you are, there is always a Christmas market. There you will find good ideas for Christmas gifts. One of the most famous markets is in Nuremberg B.. Reasons for traveling

Travel for Business

There are of course other reasons that answer why do people travel for business. These answers can be more nuanced and subtle than the above answer.

First, there are people who actually enjoy traveling. Now, most people say they enjoy traveling and that would be true because they think of vacationing for a week. However, business travel is more like traveling for a week but visiting five different cities, and then doing it again next week, and again the next week. Yet, there are people who like this vagabond lifestyle. They enjoy the nice hotels, the air travel, and the eating out. Some individuals may have recognized they enjoy traveling so much that they actually chose a profession where they would travel a lot- like being a pilot or a flight attendant.

Second, many if not most business travelers get a secondary reward for being a frequent traveler and that is through airline miles and other loyalty programs. These perks can be enough for some folks to answer why do people travel for business. After all, free airline travel, upgrades, and hotel stays have been tax-free for quite some time and may continue to be for a long time still. For the frequent business traveler miles and points add up quickly, and because they continue to accumulate miles rather than expend them, their balances grow quite large. Also, because most loyalty programs do not let their miles or points expire if a program member earns some miles or points that calendar year, it is not inconceivable that their balances would never be lost. C.Tourism industryTourism in Romania focuses on the country's natural landscapes and its rich history. The number of tourists is growing every year and tourism is becoming an increasingly important source for Romania's GDP with 7-9 million people now visiting yearly. Romania's economy is characterized by a huge potential for tourism. Number of tourists grew from 4.8 million in 2002 to 8.9 million in 2008. The revenues grew from 400 million in 2002 to 607 in 2004.[1] Tourism in Romania attracted 880 million in investments in 2005.Tourism is a significant contributor to the Romanian economy. In the 1990s the government heavily promoted the development of skiing in the Romanian Carpathians. Domestic and international tourism generates about 4% of gross domestic product (GDP) and 0.8 million jobs. Following commerce, tourism is the second largest component of the services sector. In 2006 Romania registered 20 million overnight stays by international tourists, 4% higher than in the previous year and an all-time record. Two-thirds of all major trade fairs from Central Europe are held in Romania, and each year they attract 2 to 3 million business travelers, about 20% of whom are foreigners. The four most important trade fairs take place in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Timioara.In the year 2006, 14,122,798 tourists vacationed in Romania. The total revenue was $4.2 billion and with an average expenditure of $679 per tourist. Over the years, Romania has emerged as a popular tourist destination for many Europeans, often competing with Greece, Italy and Spain. Romania destinations such as Constana and Mamaia (sometimes called the Romanian Riviera) have become very popular among European tourists.

Romania has a highly developed tourism infrastructure, making it a good market for tourism-related equipment and services. C.Jobs in tourism.."receptionist"Receptionists :The business duties of a receptionist may include answering visitors' inquiries about a company and its products or services, directing visitors to their destinations, sorting and handing out mail, answering incoming calls on multi-line telephones or, earlier in the 20th century, a switchboard, setting appointments, filing, records keeping, keyboarding/data entry and performing a variety of other office tasks, such as faxing or emailing. Some receptionists may also perform bookkeeping or cashiering duties. Some, but not all, offices may expect the receptionist to serve coffee or tea to guests, and to keep the lobby area tidy.A receptionist may also assume some security guard access control functions for an organization by verifying employee identification, issuing visitor passes, and observing and reporting any unusual or suspicious persons or activities.A receptionist is often the first business contact a person will meet at any organization. It is an expectation of most organizations that the receptionist maintains a calm, courteous and professional demeanor at all times, regardless of the visitor's behavior. Some personal qualities that a receptionist is expected to possess in order to do the job successfully include attentiveness, a well-groomed appearance, initiative, loyalty, maturity, respect for confidentiality and discretion, a positive attitude and dependability. At times, the job may be stressful due to interaction with many different people with different types of personalities, and being expected to perform multiple tasks quickly.Depending upon the industry, a receptionist position can be considered a low-ranking, dead-end or servile position, or it could be perceived as having a certain veneer of glamour with opportunities for networking in order to advance to other positions within a specific field. Some people may use this type of job as a way to familiarize themselves with office work, or to learn of other functions or positions within a corporation. Some people use receptionist work as a way to earn money while pursuing further educational opportunities or other career interests such as in the performing arts or as writers. D.Facilities in hotels facilities of a 5-star hotelEagles Palace Hotel & Spa *****Emerging from the most impressive green scenery of northern Greece and surrounded by some of the most beautiful goldenbeaches in Halkidiki and the towering Mount Athos, this unique 5 star luxury resort and spa is located only 4 km from Ouranoupolisand 110 km from the MAC EDONIA airport of Thessaloniki.Ecological Resort Environmentally Friendly HotelTurning ecological conscience into every day practise, Eagles PalaceCarries the title of Ecological Resort and is one of the few environmentally friendly hotels in the whole of Europe.Dining* Armyra Restaurant: Gastronomy* Kamares Restaurant: Gourmet international cuisine with best view to the sea and island of Ammouliani at Kamares Restaurant* Vinum Restaurant: a la carte restaurant, with an open kitchen and seating in the garden, where you can enjoy the finest ItalianCuisine under the starlit sky.* Melathron Restaurant: Buffet breakfast and Buffet dinners with international tastes and local delicacies by chef Ilias Gotsis atlaid-back Melathron RestaurantEntertainment* Eagles Caf: Teas and coffees from around the world, tasty homemade desserts and a relaxing patio at the Eagles Caf* Eagles Club: Live music, refreshing cocktails, gourmet finger food and great sunset view at Eagles Club* Ammos Beach Bar: Casual, comfortable sofas and a tasty variety of light snacks, drinks, ice-creams and fresh fruit at BeachBar Ammos* Armyra Pool Bar: Refreshing drinks at Armyra Pool Bar* Regular art exhibitions and wine tastingsSpa by Elemis* Eagles Spa by Elemis with sauna, hamam, therapeutical massages, thalassotherapy and Spa Day PackagesActivities* Fitness Centre fully equipped with Nautilus equipment and Powerplate* Water sports & scuba diving centre (PADI) certified* Tennis court, Beach volley and Table Tennis* Boat rental and Sea Transfer Service in yachtEagles Palace Hotel & Spa3Beach and Swimming Pools* Blue flag awarded golden sandy beach with free sunbeds* Indoor Pool, Outdoor saltwater floatation Pool and Childrens Pool all with free sunbedsOther Facilities and Services* Fully equipped Business and Conference Centre capacity 20-100 people* Secretarial services* Wireless internet* Banquet Facilities for Weddings, Baptisms and Special Events* Chapel for Weddings and Christenings (Orthodox and non-orthodox)* Boat Anchorage* Extensive gardens with olive, palm and pine trees, beautiful flowers and herbs* 2 lifts* Mini Club for Children (4 to 12 years) from 10:00 to 18:00 every day* Childrens playground* Babysitting on request* Jewellery Corner* Boutique with international press, tobacco, souvenirs and gifts* Hairdresser salon* Laundry service* 24 h room service* Multilingual staff* Medical assistance on call* Foreign currency exchange* All major credit cards acceptedEagles Palace Hotel & Spa4AccommodationEagles Palace offers guests 164 rooms, suites and bungalows, each room type showcasing its own distinctive design for elegantliving. All equipped with air-conditioning, double or Twin beds, safety deposit boxes, beach towels, hairdryers, mini bars in-room,butler bath menu, balconies or terraces which pay tribute to the view.ROOMS* Double/Twin Room Garden View* Double/Twin Room Sea View25m2 of elegant accommodation with views either to the sea or extensive Mediterranean gardens of the hotel.SUITES* Junior Suites Sea View40m2 of elegant accommodation with a sitting corner and a spacious balcony with a dining table to enjoy the sea view. The suitesare also equipped with air-conditioning, double beds, TV, safety deposit box, beach towels, hairdryer and mini bar.* Junior Suites Sea Front45m2 of the finest decoration, equipped with air-conditioning, double beds, safety deposit box, beach towels, hairdryer, mini bar,butler bath menu, an espresso coffee machine, LCD TV, mini Hi-Fi system and a large terrace with dining table and sun lounger. Allthis combined with the exquisite view of Mount Athos, the golden beach and the picturesque island of Ammouliani.* Junior Suite Sea Front Jacuzzi45m2 of simple but chic design, air-conditioning, double beds, safety deposit box, beach towels, hairdryer, mini bar, butler bathmenu, a separate shower facility in the marble bath, an espresso coffee machine, LCD TV, mini Hi-Fi system and a large terracewith dining table and sun lounger.* Family Suite40 m2 of comfort and elegance with spacious rooms divided by sliding door separating the sleeping area from the sofa bed corner,ideal for families with small children. The Family suite is equipped with air-conditioning, double beds, safety deposit box, beachtowels, hairdryer, mini bar, butler bath menu, an espresso coffee machine, LCD TV, mini Hi-Fi system and a large terrace overlookingthe garden.* Deluxe Suites with Private PoolSuites Kyma (100m2) which means Wave, and Nero (80m2), which means Water, each with their own swimming pool.The suiteshave two marble bathrooms, separate showers, living rooms and master bedrooms. Kyma also offers a second bedroom. Bothsuites are equipped with espresso coffee machine, two LCD TVs each and Hi-Fi system.* One Bedroom Suite with JacuzziA luxurious 55m2 suite equipped with air-conditioning, double beds, safety deposit box, beach towels, hairdryer, mini bar, butlerbath menu, an espresso coffee machine and two LCD TVs. Pamper yourself in the privacy of your Jacuzzi tub.* Grand Suite Sea FrontAmmos is a divine 150m2 Suite with sea view, luxurious oversized beds, two LCD TVs, private bar, espresso coffee machine, a grandliving room overlooking the pool and beach and a second twin-bed room with marble bathtub and separate access to the deck andthe pool, a mere glance is enough to make you feel like a royal.* Grand Suite with Private PoolThe signature-style 170m2 Grand Suite Afros, which means Foam, with its private swimming pool, two marble bathrooms, separateshowers, a living room and a master bedroom with oversized beds, two LCD TVs, a private bar, an espresso coffee machineand a Hi-Fi system to add that special tone as you enjoy the sun in the comfort of your private pool.Eagles Palace Hotel & Spa5BUNGALOWS* Bungalows Sea viewHidden into the hotel garden, with direct sea view, these 50m2 these luxurious bungalows are equipped with oversized beds, TV andHi-Fi system, and an elegant sitting corner with espresso coffee machine plus a spacious terrace with dining table and sun lounger.The ideal choice for those seeking privacy and comfort.* Bungalows Sea FrontThese deluxe 50m2 bungalows include oversized beds, TV and an elegant sitting corner with espresso coffee machine and Hi-Fisystem, all with an astonishing view of the bay spacious terrace with dining table and sun lounger.* Bungalow Garden ViewIn the heart of the hotels beautiful Mediterranean gardens, looking towards the sea, these 50m2 sea view bungalows are furnishedwith oversized beds, TV and an elegant sitting corner with espresso coffee machine plus a spacious terrace with dining table andlounger.* Sea View Bungalows with private poolSituated in the heart of the garden, surrounded by palm trees and bougainvilleas, these 50m2 bungalows with private pool, spaciousterrace, oversized beds, TV and an elegant sitting corner with espresso coffee machine are a perfect getaway only a breathaway from the golden beach.* Bungalow Maria CallasThe Diva of all Bungalows, this 180m2 Presidential Bungalow Suite with private pool was named after famous soprano that oncehad her holidays here. The large marble bathroom, the walk in closet, the unbothered view to the sea and the horizon, the privatebar, the grand terrace sheltered from any possible disturbance and furnished with sun loungers and comfortable sofas, the oversizedprivate pool and the private staircase that leads you to the private beach for a splash, are just a few of the details that makesthis unique bungalow a true gem.

E. Visa requirements a.India tourist visa is required for citizens of Romania.

Currently VisaHQ visa services are for residents of the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.

Citizens of Romania residing in Romania must apply for a visa to India in person at the nearest consulate of India in Romania. Please note, application procedures and fees may vary by location. If there is no consulate of India in Romania there may be a consulate of India in a neighboring country that covers the jurisdiction of Romania.

While we cannot process your travel visa request, travelers should take note of the following advice:

Check the current validity of your passport

For international travel, all travelers will need a passport, valid for at least 90 days following your departure date. However, we strongly recommend traveling with six months validity on your passport at all times.

It is also recommended that your valid passport have at least two un-used pages remaining, for any necessary entry and exit stamps that may be issued. It is also a good idea to review the number of pages and validity remaining your passport well in advance of overseas travel. This will allow for time needed if a replacement passport may be required.

Use our Embassy Guide

Here you can look up embassy and consular contact information. Our comprehensive database of worldwide embassy address and contact details can help you locate the nearest embassy to seek country-specific guidance pertaining to travel regulations.

b.United States tourist visa is required for citizens of Romania.

Steps that you can take:

Check the current validity of your passport and the availability of blank visa pages

All travelers will need a valid passport for their travels to United States. Also, the passport must contain un-used visa pages for the visa to be issued. We recommend traveling with at least 6 months of remaining validity on your passport at all times. VisaHQ can assist U.S. citizens with a full range of expedited passport services, including new passport application and passport renewal. We recommend that you have at least two free pages in Visas section of your passport before any international travel. U.S. citizens can get extra passport pages added to their passports as fast as within 24 hours.

c.Netherlands Antilles tourist visa is not required for citizens of Romania for a stay up to 30 days. Sounds good! What else do I need to know while planning a trip to Netherlands Antilles?

First, check the current validity of your passport.

All travelers will need a passport valid for at least 90 days following your departure date from Netherlands Antilles. However, we strongly recommend traveling with 6 months validity on your passport at all times. VisaHQ can assist U.S. citizens with a full range of expedited passport services, including new passport application and passport renewal.

Second, make sure your passport has blank Visa pages.

Most destinations, including Netherlands Antilles, require that you have adequate un-used pages in your passport, allowing for any necessary stamps upon arrival and departure. We recommend that you have at least two free pages in Visas section of your passport before any international travel. U.S. citizens can get extra passport pages added to their passports as fast as within 24 hours.

Finally, confirm if transit visa is required for any connections

d. Written complains Sample Restaurant Complaint Letter

Dear Service Director:

I am writing to express my profound frustration and disappointment with my January 6th dinner at Caf B. I went to your restaurant that night with high expectations. Not only were my expectations not exceeded, they were not met.

My concerns revolve around two primary areas, pacing and dish preparation. Regarding the former, we were rushed through our courses after waiting half an hour for a table. As for the latter, on that particular night, the food was not up to the B. name.

First, our wine arrived well after our appetizers, though I had ordered it to complement them. As a result, we were left with only water to accompany our appetizers and more wine than we needed to accompany our entres. The courses were also brought out almost on top of each other. Additionally, our coffee, which we specifically ordered for after the dessert course in order to make the heretofore rushed meal more leisurely, arrived with the desserts. The server either wasnt listening or wasnt on our side.

I was at least as surprised to find several problems with the food itself, harder to understand even on a busy night. The amuse bouche of tuna was rubbery and stuck to the plate. I presume it had been prepared well in advance. Similarly, the sauce on my spouses ravioli had congealed. Finally, my lamb was so salty as to be difficult to eat. Why not make an issue during the meal? Simple. I wanted to preserve what I could of the evening.

On our honeymoon in Provence my spouse and I never had a bad meal. We certainly didnt expect one at a B. restaurant featuring Provenal dishes. I am sure this experience was a rare aberration from your usual high levels of service and food quality. Unfortunately, it occurred during what should have been a very special evening.

Sincerely,Antonela

e.20 Questions in business life

Do I have what it takes to own/manage a small business?Where can I get a business license?What kind of business license should I buy?Who should I have on my team? How do I find the right professionals to help me in my business?Do I need a plan?I don't have time to write the plan. Can I get someone else to do it?How long should the business plan be in order to be effective?I've heard that as a woman owned business I qualify for some kind of certification that will help me get more business. What is this and how do I do it?What's the difference between the SBA and the SBDC?Do I need insurance?I need money.How do I get a loan?What documents will I need to apply for a loan?Can the SBA loan me money?Are there grants available to cover initial expenses associated with my business?Which legal structure is right for my business?Should I trademark?Do I need a website?What is the self-employment tax? Do I have to pay it?Can I deduct everything since I'm a small business owner?Does the Alaska SBDC offer classes for small businesses?

e.Promotion and Marketing in TourismTourism promotions and marketing

Help you entice tourists to visit your destination, be it a city, an attraction, a convention center, a hotel, a sports facility or some other location that draws tourists. You need to understand tourism marketing and promotions methods to make the most informed decisions for your destination and budget.Related Searches:1. Convention and Visitors Bureau The sole purpose of a convention and visitors bureau is to promote the community to attract visitors to a community. Because the bulk of a CVB's operating budget is comprised of revenues from hotel-motel taxes, the vast majority of their promotions and marketing efforts are geared toward putting "heads in beds" or generating overnight conference, sports and leisure business. The more nights a tourist spends in town, the more profits he'll produce for the city.Sales Calls CVBs generate business via sales calls to corporate headquarters, association offices and other organizations in the hopes of enticing them to hold meetings, annual conferences, large conventions and sports tournaments in their cities. Leisure travelers keep hotels busy primarily on weekends, while corporate business fills your lodging partners mostly during the week. Sports business, depending on the season and sport, can generate hotel-motel taxes any time of the week.Tourism Partners A tourism partner within a community can be any organization or business that is involved in any way with visitors to your town. Attractions such as amusement parks, museums, zoos, botanical and water gardens as well as hotels, restaurants and other businesses that cater to visitors are all considered as tourism partners. Meeting and event planners, caterers and others who take care of visitors once they are in your destination are also tourism partners.Ad Campaign and Brand The most effective way to reach the target audience with tourism promotions and marketing is to develop a strong ad campaign that fully conveys what your community or destination has to offer the visitor. You'll need to work closely with an ad agency, the city's marketing department and the CVB marketing committee to develop an ad campaign and a brand for your destination that evokes the feelings you want to foster in your visitor.For instance, if your community primarily caters to sports-related tourists, your ad campaign and/or brand will reflect action, vivid color and a sports-inspired theme. Conversely, if your destination's main draw is its historic district, you'd want to develop an ad campaign with a homey, nostalgic sensibility that evokes strong emotions and a warm, fuzzy feeling.A weak or confusing brand or ad campaign can also hamper the effective promotion of a destination.Low-Cost Advertising You can work closely with magazine advertising reps to snag last-minute space which is often available when the sales department has one or two leftover ad spaces that they need to sell in order to finish out a page before going to press. These remnants often run half-price or less and can be a real boon to a tourism organization that's closely watching its promotions budget. Co-op advertising is also a cost-effective way for tourism partners to join forces and share the costs of something that normally might be cost-prohibitive.Free or Low-Cost Marketing Tourism marketing can be free if your organization works closely to bring your tourism partners together with the media through press releases and media kits. Foster cooperative working relationships with area media (print, television and radio) to feed them news about events and new developments that'll appeal to both residents and visitors to your community. Reach out to media outlets outside your area with a comprehensive media kit of facts, press releases, photos and story ideas that'll entice them to send a reporter or travel writer to your destination. f. Touristic attraction in futures in Romania.

It needs an endless session to accomplish the talk on the attractions in Romania. Plethora of fabulous spots with eye catching stuff to be observed is at every stride of the visitors. Romania tourist attractions represent the true tradition and culture of entire country. You will get real reflection of glorious past, opulent present and magnificent future of this beautiful country when you start moving to one destination from another. As I said, It needs an endless session to talk on all the worth visiting places in Romania, a little description of some of them would give you an insight of assets of this country:

On the left side of Olt River, Arutela is a famous tourist spot in the country. It is in Poiana Bivolari a place in Valcea County. Cozia Monastery is t the left of this place. This is an ancient stone building preserved by archeologists. Partly restored by the efforts of archeologists, its gate and interior walls are in much better condition. Basarabi is an excellent village location where people do visit to experience the remaining of quarry and a monastic community. You will find a few churches of 11th century sculptured out in chalk at this spot. Many other ruins of ancient strongholds are there for people with interest in archeology.

Amongst the natural attractions, the mountains are one of the most impressive. Carpathians Mountain has highest peak of 2,500 meter. It surrounds a high plateau 400 - 600 m in height. The massiveness of Carpathians Mountain is not greater in comparison to other mountainous chains. The reason being that it they are crossed by several transversal valleys, depressions and corridors.

g.Sustainability in tourism (durabilitatea in turism)

Sustainable tourism is tourism attempting to make a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate future employment for local people. The aim of sustainable tourism is to ensure that development brings a positive experience for local people, tourism companies and the tourists themselves. Sustainable tourism is not the same as ecotourism.Contents [hide] Global economists forecast continuing international tourism growth, ranging between 3 and 6 percent annually, depending on the location. As one of the world's largest and fastest growing industries, this continuous growth will place great stress on remaining biologically diverse habitats and indigenous cultures, which are often used to support mass tourism. Tourists who promote sustainable tourism are sensitive to these dangers and seek to protect tourist destinations, and to protect tourism as an industry. Sustainable tourists can reduce the impact of tourism in many ways, including:informing themselves of the culture, politics, and economy of the communities visitedanticipating and respecting local cultures, expectations and assumptionscontributing to intercultural understanding and tolerancesupporting the integrity of local cultures by favoring businesses which conserve cultural heritage and traditional valuessupporting local economies by purchasing local goods and participating with small, local businessesconserving resources by seeking out businesses that are environmentally conscious, and by using the least possible amount of non-renewable resources

Increasingly, destinations and tourism operations are endorsing and following "responsible tourism" as a pathway towards sustainable tourism. Responsible tourism and sustainable tourism have an identical goal, that of sustainable development. The pillars of responsible tourism are therefore the same as those of sustainable tourism environmental integrity, social justice and economic development. The major difference between the two is that, in responsible tourism, individuals, organisations and businesses are asked to take responsibility for their actions and the impacts of their actions. This shift in emphasis has taken place because some stakeholders feel that insufficient progress towards realising sustainable tourism has been made since the Earth Summit in Rio. This is partly because everyone has been expecting others to behave in a susta