ROMAQUA_nr_3_2015

An XXI, nr. 3 / 2015, vol. 101Publicaie de informare tehnico - tiinific

din cuprins:n Editorial. EFICIENA ENERGETIC N SISTEMELE DETRATARE I EPURARE A APELORdiana roBESCU

n EtaPE iMPortaNtE N EVolUia SoCiEtii aPCaNal S.a. GalaiGelu StaN, DIRECTOR GENERAL

n CURGEREA FLUIDELOR N DECANTORUL LONGITUDINALalexandru toMESCU .a.

CUPRINSCONTENTS

ROMAQUAI.S.S.N. 1453 - 6986

ANUL XXI, nr. 3 / 2015, vol. 101

EDITOR:ASOCIAIA ROMN A APEI

Splaiul Independenei nr. 202 H,Bl. 2, Tronson 1, Scara A, Parter, Ap. 2,

Sector 6, Bucureti, RomniaCod 06002

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COLEGIUL TEHNIC ALCOMPANIILOR DE AP:

Felix StroeIlie VlaicuIoan Toma

Dorin CiatarMihai Chiri

Melania VoinescuMircea Niculescu

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Diana RobescuVladimir Rojanschi

Anton AntonConstantin Florescu

Eden MamutGabriel Racovieanu

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Alexandru MnescuIon Mirel

Florica ManeaMihaela Vasilescu

EDITORIAL - EFICIENA ENERGETIC N SISTEMELE DE TRATARE IEPURARE A APELOREDITORIAL - ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN DRINKING WATER ANDWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

DIANA ROBESCU

ETAPE IMPORTANTE N EVOLUIA SOCIETII AP CANAL S.A. GALAIIMPORTANT STEPS IN THE EVOLUTION OF AP CANAL S.A. GALAI

GELU STAN

GESTIONAREA MAI EFICIENT A ENERGIEI POATE AJUTA LA REDUCEREAAMPRENTEI DE CARBON I A COSTURILOR OPERAIONALEMORE EFFICIENTLY MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY CAN HELP REDUCE THECARBON FOOTPRINT AND OPERATING COSTS

STAII COMPACTE PENTRU TRATAREA APEI DE SUPRAFA 10 - 50 m3/hCOMPACT STATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF SURFACE WATER 10 - 50 m3/h

BOGDAN NISTOR

MSURAREA, FACTOR VITAL N GESTIONAREA RESURSELOR DE APMEASUREMENT, VITAL FACTOR IN WATER MANAGEMENT

ALEXANDRU BUNDURI

ACTIVITATEA ENZIMATIC N PROCESUL BIOLOGIC DE EPURARE A APELOR UZATE PRIN PROCEDEUL CU NMOL ACTIVENZYME ACTIVITY IN WASTEWATER BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT WITH ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS - A REVIEW

AMIRA VALENTINA GOGOAN .a.

CURGEREA FLUIDELOR N DECANTORUL LONGITUDINALFLUIDS FLOW IN THE RECTANGULAR CLARIFIER

ALEXANDRU TOMESCU .a.

EVENIMENTE CARE AU FOST - ZIUA MONDIAL A APEI 2015 APA IDEZVOLTAREA DURABIL PAST EVENTS - WORLD WATER DAY 2015 WATER AND SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT

EVENIMENTE CARE AU FOST - PRIMRIA MUNICIPIULUI BUCURETI A SRBTORIT ZIUA MONDIAL A APEIPAST EVENTS - BUCHAREST CITY HALL CELEBRATED WORLD WATER DAY

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EDITORIAL

EFICIENA ENERGETIC N SISTEMELE DETRATARE I EPURARE A APELOR

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN DRINKING WATER ANDWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

Water is an essentialelement of human ac-tivity. Water is life, butreserves of fresh waterare only 2.5% of the wa-ter resources of theworld and it is thought that the water consumption willincrease by 85% until 2030. Population growth, climatechange and pollution impact on water sources deter-mine the search for new solutions in the drinking waterfield.

With decreasing groundwater levels, it takes moreenergy to pump water from greater depth. Due to thefact that energy is becoming more expensive, theusers cost of water increases.

Drinking water must be ensured to the population24 hours/day, 365 days/year. The water is treated forpublic health in compliance with the standards im-posed by legislation. Also the water has to be aesthet-ically acceptable, in order to be pleasant to sight andtaste.

Collection and wastewater treatment are essentialto prevent environmental pollution and health insur-ance. To be accepted into sewage network, the waste-water must be of a specific quality in line with the leg-islation.

The drinking water supply system, sewage andwastewater treatment system should be viewed to-gether because in most cases water companies operateboth systems, and the implementation of energy effi-ciency measures for one system can influence the ef-ficiency of the other.

Energy costs represent an important part of thecosts of drinking water supply system, sewage andwastewater treatment system, in addition to personnelcosts, since energy consumption occurs in almost all ofthese stages. They are about 5-30% of operating costsof water supply systems and about 30% of the operat-ing costs of the wastewater treatment plant.

Legislative requirements regarding drinking waterquality and wastewater discharges, are becoming in-creasingly restrictive, leading to increased energy con-sumption.

Diana ROBESCU

Vice-preedinteCTS - ARA

Apa este un element esenial activitii umane. Apanseamn via, ns rezervele de ap dulce reprezintdoar 2,5% din resursele de ap ale globului i se preco-nizeaz c pn n anul 2030 consumul de ap va cre-te cu 85%. Creterea populaiei, impactul schimbrilorclimatice i poluarea surselor de ap determin cu-tarea unor noi soluii n domeniul alimentrii cu appotabil.

Odat cu descreterea nivelului apelor subterane,este nevoie de mai mult energie pentru a pompa apade la adncime mai mare. Deoarece energia este dince n ce mai scump, crete i costul apei la utilizator.

Apa potabil trebuie asigurat populaiei 24 ore/zi,365 zile/an. Tratarea apei se face att pentru sn-tatea populaiei i ncadrarea n standardele impusede legislaie, dar i pentru ca apa s fie acceptabilestetic, adic plcut la vedere i gustoas.

Colectarea i epurarea apelor uzate sunt esenialepentru prevenirea polurii mediului i asigurarea sn-tii populaiei. Pentru a fi acceptate n reeaua de ca-nalizare, apele uzate trebuie s aib o calitate cores-punztoare legislaiei n vigoare.

Sistemele de alimentare cu ap potabil i cel decanalizare i epurare trebuie privite mpreun, ntru-ct n majoritatea cazurilor, companiile de ap operea-z ambele sisteme, iar aplicarea msurilor de eficienenergetic pentru unul dintre sisteme poate influenaeficiena energetic a celuilalt. Costurile cu energiareprezint o parte important a costurilor sistemelorde alimentare cu ap, canalizare i epurare, pe lngcosturile de personal, ntruct apar consumuri ener-getice n aproape toate etapele acestora. Ele suntaproximativ 5-30% din costurile de operare n siste-mele de alimentare cu ap i aproximativ 30% din cos-turile de operare ale staiei de epurare a apelor uzate.

Cerinele legislative n ceea ce privete calitateaapei potabile, dar i a apelor uzate deversate, devindin ce n ce mai restrictive, ceea ce duce la cretereaconsumurilor energetice.

Apa uzat nglobeaz o cantitate de energie de 5ori mai mare dect este necesar pentru tratarea ei: termic > 80%, chimic > 20% i hidraulic < 1%. Astfel,staiile de epurare a apelor uzate au potenial de pro-

4 www.romaqua.ro nr. 3 / 2015

EFICIENA ENERGETIC N SISTEMELEDE TRATARE I EPURARE A APELOR

ducere a energiei nu numai pentru nevoile proprii. Staiide epurare neutre sau pozitive energetic reprezint onou provocare pentru operatorii de ap.

Energia utilizat n sistemul de alimentare cu appotabil depinde de mai multe caracteristici: topogra-fia, clima, temperatura sezonier i precipitaiile. ngeneral, captarea apei din surse de suprafa consummai puin energie dect cea din surse subterane. Deioperatorii din sistemul de alimentare cu ap potabilnu au ca scop principal reducerea consumurilor ener-getice, ci furnizarea apei potabile conform cerinelorutilizatorului la un pre suportabil, realizarea unui au-dit energetic, urmat de msurile necesare de mbun-tire a eficienei energetice, pot conduce la numeroa-se beneficii. n sistemul de alimentare cu ap potabilconsumatorii majori sunt staiile de pompare ap bruti staiile de pompare ap potabil, dar trebuie inutcont i de consumurile care revin echipamentelor caredeservesc diferite obiecte din staia de tratare a apei(staii de pompare ap de splare pentru filtre, staiide pompare nmol recirculat, poduri racloare, staiade suflante de la filtre, pompe de la staiile de reac-tivi, pompe de epuisment sau pentru curarea puu-rilor de captare etc.), precum i de consumurile ener-getice ale cldirilor administrative. Ca i n staiile detratare, i n staiile de epurare echipamentele trebuies funcioneze continuu. Att debitele ct i ncrc-rile n poluani ale apei uzate influente variaz orar, zil-nic, sezonier. Dei pe linia apei curgerea este gra-vitaional de la intrarea pn la ieirea din staia deepurare a apei, exist pompri pentru recirculare, pen-tru ap tehnologic, pentru nmol n exces, pentrupreparare reactivi etc. Exist totui i excepii, staiide epurare la care este prevzut la intrare o staie depompare pentru a aduce apele uzate de la nivelul colec-torului principal la nivelul staiei de epurare, dup careapa curge gravitaional pn la ieirea din staie. Con-sumatorii electrici din SEAU constau n pompe, suflante,ventilatoare, agitatoare, poduri, vane electrice cumotor, aparate de msur, corpuri de iluminat, sistemde nclzire electric etc. n funcie de consumatoriiexisteni, acetia sunt alimentai la tensiunea 4 kV, 400V sau 230 V, i 50Hz.

Eficiena energetic n staiile de epurare este strnslegat de utilizarea apei potabile de ctre consumatori.Un consum raional al apei reduce cantitatea de apcare trebuie tratat i apoi epurat i deci energia con-sumat n cadrul acestui sistem.

Eficiena energetic n staiile de epurare a apeloruzate se obine att prin eficientizarea funcionriiechipamentelor, ct i prin utilizarea energiei care sepoate obine din apele uzate, de exemplu prin biogazulprodus prin fermentarea anaerob a nmolului.

Implementarea unui program de eficien energe-tic poate conduce la multiple beneficii, de la mbun-

Wastewater includes an amount of energy about 5times higher than it is necessary to treat it: heat >80%, chemical > 20% and hydraulic < 1%. Thus, waste-water treatment plants have the potential to produceenergy not only for their own needs. Wastewater treat-ment plants energy - neutral or energy - positive rep-resent a new challenge for water operators.

Energy used in water supply system depends on sev-eral characteristics: topography, climate, seasonaltemperature and precipitation. In general, water ex-traction from surface consumes less energy thangroundwater sources. Although operators of drinkingwater supply system do not have as main aim the en-ergy consumption reduction, but the providing ofdrinking water according to user requirements at anaffordable price, achieving an energy audit, followedby the necessary measures to improve energy efficien-cy can lead to many benefits. In the water supply sys-tem the major power consumers are raw water pump-ing stations and drinking water pumping stations, butshould also be considered the power consumptions ofthe equipment serving the drinking water treatmentplant (such as water pumping stations for washing fil-ters, the returned sludge pumping stations, travellingbridges, blowers for filters, reagents pump stations,dewatering pumps etc.), as well as the energy con-sumption of office buildings. As in drinking water treat-ment plants, equipment in wastewater treatmentplants must operate continuously. Both flowrates andpollutant loadings of wastewater influent vary hourly,daily and seasonal.

Although the water flows gravitationally from theentrance to the exit of the treatment plant, there isalso pumping for recirculation, for process water, forexcess sludge, for preparation of reagents etc. How-ever, there are exceptions, wastewater treatmentplants which is provided at the entrance with a pump-ing station in order to pump flows from lower elevationof the influent sewer to higher elevation of the waste-water treatment plant. The wastewater treatmentplant electrical consumers consist of pumps, blowers,fans, mixers, travelling bridges, electric valves, light-ing, electric heating system etc. Depending on the ex-isting consumers they are supplied from 4 kV, 400 V or230 V, and 50 Hz.

Energy efficiency in wastewater treatment plantsis closely related to drinking water use by consumers.A rational consumption of drinking water reduces theamount of water treated and then wastewater treatedand hence the energy consumed in this system.

Energy efficiency in wastewater treatment plantsis achieved both through the efficient operation ofequipment and through the use of energy from waste-water, for example biogas produced by anaerobic fer-


EDITORIALENERGY EFFICIENCY IN DRINKING WATER ANDWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

tirea performanelor la reducerea costurilor, ceea cese reflect ntr-un pre mai mic pentru tratarea, colec-tarea i epurarea apei.

Conform datelor din literatura de specialitate, apli-carea msurilor de eficien energetic conduce la 10-30% economii de energie/msur i au o perioad deamortizare a investiiilor de 1-5 ani. Economiile finan-ciare rezultate din economiile de energie depind devechimea sistemului, tehnologiile utilizate, preulenergiei i ali factori care influeneaz performaneletehnice i financiare ale sistemului.

Prin audit energetic se identific marii consumatoridin sistem, posibilitile de mbuntire a funcionriiproceselor, precum i identificarea echipamentelorvechi i/sau cu performane reduse.

Ca strategie de mbuntire continu a eficieneienergetice, cel mai frecvent se aplic sistemul demanagement Plan - Do - Check - Act, care const din4 etape:

Plan (planificarea) - stabilirea i ordonarea nfuncie de prioritate a intelor pentru utilizareaeficient a energiei; aceste inte trebuie s fie cuan-tificabile;

Do (implementarea) - implementarea metodelorspecifice pentru atingerea intelor propuse;

Check (verificarea) - monitorizarea i msurareambuntirii performanelor energetice i a reduceriicosturilor rezultate din implementarea metodelor dinetapa anterioar;

Act (aciunea) - revizuirea periodic i realizareaajustrilor necesare programului de eficien ener-getic.

n stabilirea strategiei de eficien energetic tre-buie luate n considerare toate aspectele din staia detratare, respectiv de epurare:

- reabilitarea echipamentelor;- mbuntirea funcionrii proceselor;- utilizarea eficient a energiei n cldirile admi-nistrative.Uneori optimizarea proceselor duce la economii mai

mari dect reabilitarea echipamentelor.Eficiena energetic a staiei de tratare, respectiv

de epurare, trebuie luat n considerare nc din fazade proiectare prin alegerea adecvat a tehnologiei ia echipamentelor. Studiul topologiei amplasamentuluiare un rol important n alegerea modului de transportal apelor, de preferat fiind transportul gravitaional nlocul pomprii. Trebuie s se in seama ns c nici ostaie de tratare, respectiv de epurare nu este identicuna cu alta, chiar dac deservesc acelai numr delocuitori i au aceeai tehnologie.

Pe scurt, implementarea unui plan de eficienenergetic presupune:

analiza facturilor de energie electric pe minim

mentation of sludge.The implementation of an energy efficiency pro-

gram can lead to multiple benefits from improved per-formance to reduced costs, which is reflected in alower price for drinking water treatment and waste-water collection and treatment.

According to the field related writings, the appli-cation of energy efficiency measures lead to 10-30%energy savings per measure and an investment paybackperiod of 1-5 years. Financial savings resulting fromenergy savings depend on the age of the system, thetechnologies used, energy prices and other factorsaffecting technical and financial performance of thesystem.

The energy audit identifies large consumers in thesystem, the possibilities of improving the processesfunctioning and identification of old equipment and/or low performance.

The most commonly applied management system asa strategy to continuously improve energy efficiencyis Plan - Do - Check - Act, which consists of 4 stages:

Plan - establishing and ordering by priority tar-gets for energy conservation; these goals must bemeasurable;

Do - implement specific methods for achievingthe targets;

Check - monitoring and measuring energy perfor-mance improvement and costs reduction resultingfrom the implementation methods of the previousstep;

Act - regular review and make necessary adjust-ments of energy efficiency program.

In setting energy efficiency strategy, one must con-sider all aspects of the drinking water treatment plantsor wastewater treatment plants:

- rehabilitation of equipment;- improving the functioning of processes;- energy efficiency in office buildings.Sometimes optimizing processes lead to greater

savings than rehabilitation equipment.The energy efficiency of the drinking treatment

plant, wastewater treatment plant respectively, shouldbe considered from the design phase by the appropri-ate choice of technology and equipment. The study ofthe site topology plays an important role in the choiceof water flow, preferably gravitational flow instead ofbeing pumped. However, it also must be taken into ac-count that no treatment plant is identical to another,even if serving the same population and has the sametechnology.

In short, the implementation of an energy efficien-cy plan includes:

analyzing electricity bills for at least 1 year, de-veloping graphics for power and energy consumption



1 an, realizarea de grafice ale puterii i energiei con-sumate i evaluarea cererilor de energie;

realizarea unui audit energetic prin care s seidentifice principalele procese i echipamente con-sumatoare de energie, corelate cu timpul de operare,eficiena operaional i durata lor de via;

analiza calitii influentului i efluentului; analiza procedeelor existente de control ale pro-

ceselor de tratare/epurare; analiza parametrilor care influeneaz consumul

de energie; analiza datelor colectate i identificarea celei mai

bune ci de mbuntire a eficienei energetice (n-tocmirea unei liste de prioriti);

identificarea obiectivelor energetice i definireaindicatorilor de performan;

implementarea programului de eficien ener-getic;

monitorizarea i msurarea rezultatelor; continuarea planului de mbuntire a eficienei

energetice, utiliznd experiena acumulat.mbuntirea eficienei energetice n sistemul de

alimentare cu ap potabil, colectare i epurare aapelor uzate implic de cele mai multe ori mai multemsuri, luate n paralel, cum ar fi:

investiii pentru reabilitarea sau nlocuirea echi-pamentelor vechi, pentru care reparaia cost mult,iar energia consumat este mult mai mare dect pen-tru echipamentele noi;

implementarea unor tehnologii noi; mbuntirea operrii proceselor; educaia permanent a angajailor prin cursuri de

formare continu; campanii de educaie i contientizare a popula-

iei pentru un consum raional de ap potabil: redu-cerea consumului de ap, reducerea pierderilor deap, utilizarea unor instalaii eficiente din punct devedere al consumului de ap, dar i pentru o utilizareresponsabil a reelei de canalizare;

stocarea apei pentru a evita pomparea n perioa-dele de vrf a costurilor energetice;

monitorizarea i controlul automat al proceselor;implementarea SCADA pentru optimizarea funcionriisistemului de alimentare cu ap, colectare i epurarea apelor uzate, n ceea ce privete debitele, presiuni-le, funcionarea staiilor de pompare i rezervoarele;EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) estimeaz eco-nomii de 10-20% prin utilizarea sistemelor SCADA pen-tru optimizarea proceselor;

studiul posibilitii de modificare a timpului deoperare pentru marii consumatori n intervalele cucerere mai mic de energie;

utilizarea surselor regenerabile: panouri solaresau fotovoltaice, turbine eoliene, turbine hidraulice de

and evaluating energy demands; carrying out an energy audit by identifying the

main power consumer processes and equipment corre-lated with operating time, operational efficiency andtheir lifetime;

influent and effluent quality analysis; evaluate existing procedures for control of the

treatment processes; analysis of parameters influencing energy con-

sumption; analysis of collected data and identifying the best

ways to improve energy efficiency (drawing up a listof priorities)

identify energetic objectives and defining per-formance indicators;

energy efficiency program implementation; monitoring and measuring results; continuously improvement of energy efficiency

plan, using gained experience;Improving energy efficiency in the system of drink-

ing water supply, wastewater collection and treatmentoften involves several steps, taken in parallel, such as:

investments for rehabilitation or replacement ofold equipment, for which reparation costs more andenergy consumption is much higher than for newequipment;

implementation of new technologies; improve operating processes; permanent education of employees through train-

ing courses; education and awareness raising campaigns for ra-

tional consumption of drinking water: reducing waterconsumption, reducing water losses, efficient use offacilities in terms of water consumption, but also forthe responsible use of the sewerage network;

water storage to avoid pumping during peak timeof energy costs;

monitoring and automatic control of processes;SCADA system implementation for the optimization offlowrate, pressure and operation of the pump stationsand reservoirs; EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute)estimated savings of 10-20% using SCADA systems forprocess optimization;

study the possibility of amending the operatingtime intervals for large power consumers during lowerenergy demand period;

the use of renewable sources: solar or photo-voltaic panels, wind turbines, small head hydraulic tur-bines to recover some of the energy used to pumpwater;

avoid pumping, and where this is not possible, useof efficient pumping systems;

improving power quality, the main disturbancesfacing drinking water supply system and wastewater


EDITORIALENERGY EFFICIENCY IN DRINKING WATER ANDWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

cdere mic pentru a recupera o parte din energiaconsumat la pomparea apei;

evitarea pomprilor, iar acolo unde acest lucru nueste posibil, utilizarea unor sisteme de pompare efi-ciente;

mbuntirea calitii energiei, principalele per-turbaii cu care se confrunt sistemul de alimentarecu ap potabil fiind ntreruperile de tensiune i armo-nicele;

identificarea i reducerea pierderilor de ap; nsistemul de canalizare gravitaional, o mare cantitatede energie se consum pentru a trata apa infiltrat nsistem prin conducte sparte sau prost aliniate, ceea cedetermin un debit suplimentar n staia de epurare aapelor uzate;

msuri pentru reducerea consumurilor energeticea staiilor de pompare:

- alegerea pompelor conform necesitilor, cu ran-damente ct mai mari, fr a le supradimensiona;

- echiparea pompelor cu variator de turaie; acestape lng faptul c modific continuu turaia motoruluipompei conform fluctuaiilor cererii de debit, are icapacitatea de soft start prin care aduce treptatmotorul la turaia necesar, ceea ce reduce eforturilemecanice i electrice din motor i, n consecin, cos-turile de mentenan i de reparaie; variatorul deturaie reduce energia consumat cu pn la 50% imai mult de 20% uzura electric;

- utilizarea unor motoare eficiente energetic, caresunt cu 2-8% mai eficiente dect cele standard, audurat de via mai mare a izolaiei i rulmenilor,vibraiile sunt mai mici, cldura evacuat mai puini sunt mult mai tolerante la suprasarcin i dezechili-bre de faz; EPRI estimeaz c se pot obine economiide energie de 5-15% prin utilizarea variatoarelor deturaie i a motoarelor eficiente energetic;

- reducerea diametrului rotorului pentru pompesupradimensionate; acest lucru reduce sarcina pom-pei, iar o pomp creia i se reduce debitul cu 10% fade cel proiectat va consuma cu aproximativ 25% maipuin energie electric; trebuie avut totui n vederefaptul c scade i randamentul;

- alegerea pompelor pe ct posibil cu punctul defuncionare n punctul de randament maxim;

considerentele de eficien energetic a staiilorde pompare a apelor uzate n cazul reelelor de canali-zare i staiilor de epurare sunt identice cu cele pre-zentate anterior pentru staiile de pompare a apei po-tabile, cu observaia c pompele utilizate n acest cazsunt pompe cu construcie special pentru vehiculareaamestecurilor polifazate (numr mai mic de palete,spaii mai largi de curgere, palete mai groase, rotorfr disc de acoperire sau retras, materiale rezistentela uzura prin abraziune, performane mai sczute, n

treatment plants being interruptions and voltage har-monics;

identify and reduce water losses; in gravitationalsewer system, a large amount of energy is consumedto treat the water infiltrated into the system through broken or misaligned pipes, resulting in an additionalinfluent flowrate of wastewater treatment plant;

applying measures to reduce energy consumptionof pumping stations:

- choice of pumps as needed, with high efficiency,but without oversizing them;

- using pumps with speed variator, that changescontinuously pump motor speed, according to theflowrate demand fluctuations and in addition it hasthe ability to "soft start", thus reducing motor me-chanical and electrical stress and consequently thecosts of maintenance and repair; speed variator re-duces energy consumption by up to 50% and more than20% electrical wear;

- use of energy efficient motors that are 2-8% moreefficient than standard, have higher lifetime of insu-lation and bearings, vibration is smaller, less heat es-caping and are more tolerant of overload and imbal-ances of phase; EPRI estimates that it can achieve en-ergy savings of 5-15% by speed variators and energyefficient motors;

- an oversized pump impeller diameter reduction;this reduces the head of the pump and a pump, whichflowrate is reduced by 10% compared to the designedone, will consume approx. 25% less power; however itshould be taken into account that the efficency de-creases;

- choice of the pump operating point at the pointof maximum efficiency, if it is possible;

- the energy efficiency considerations for waste-water pumping stations are identical to those de-scribed above for drinking water pumping stations,noting that the pumps used in these cases are speciallydesigned pumps for handling multiphase fluid (fewerand thicker blades, wider channels for multiphasefluid flow, closed or semiclosed impeller, use of abra-sion resistant materials, lower performance - specialefficiency).

designing a distribution network with the lowestpossible head losses: avoiding sudden changes of flowdirection in the distribution network; using V-shapepipeline intersection to avoid T-shape pipeline inter-sections;

applying an energy efficiency program for admin-istrative buildings:

- using intelligent HVAC installation (Heating, Ven-tilating, Air Conditioning);

- implementation of energy efficient air condition-ing systems that can reduce energy consumption for



special randamentul); proiectarea unei reele de distribuie cu pierderi

de sarcin ct mai mici: evitarea schimbrilor brutede direcie n reeaua de distribuie; evitarea inter-seciilor de conducte n T, fiind preferabil trecerea lao seciune diferit printr-o legtur de tip pantalon;

aplicarea unui program de eficien energetic acldirilor administrative:

- instalarea unor sisteme inteligente HVAC (Heat-ing, Ventilating, Air Conditioning);

- instalarea unor sisteme de aer condiionat efi-ciente energetic, care pot reduce energia consumatpentru rcire cu 30-40 %;

- instalarea unor sisteme de control a utilizrii e-nergiei: timere pentru care s opreasc echipamen-tele HVAC cnd cldirea nu este ocupat, termostatepentru reglarea temperaturii;

- instalarea unor ferestre eficiente energetic, cu oizolaie mai bun pentru pierderi de cldur ct maimici;

- instalarea unui sistem de iluminare eficient ener-getic (lmpi fluorescente de mare eficien sau lmpicu LED);

- mentenana preventiv a echipamentelor; reabilitarea cldirilor; optimizarea distanelor de transport n funcie de

topografie.Ca msuri suplimentare fa de cele anterioare,

pentru mbuntirea eficienei energetice n sisteme-le de canalizare i epurare se pot meniona:

- utilizarea unor echipamente de aerare eficienten treapta biologic (aproximativ 60% din consumurileenergetice ale SEAU revin treptei biologice); prin uti-lizarea unor suflante eficiente energetic, cu conver-tizor de frecven, consumurile pot fi reduse cu pnla 50%;

- implementarea cogenerrii pentru utilizarea bio-gazului produs prin fermentarea anaerob a nmo-lului;

- utilizarea celulelor de combustibil care s uti-lizeze biogazul produs din fermentarea anerob, carepot converti aproximativ 40% din biogaz n energie.

Eficiena energetic n sistemele de alimentare cuap potabil, canalizare i epurare a apelor uzate esteun element important n atingerea obiectivelor Strate-giei Europa 2020. Msurile adoptate trebuie ns saib n vedere realizarea unui echilibru ntre calitateaapei potabile furnizate, calitatea efluentului staiilorde epurare, tehnologiile de tratare a nmolurilor iconsumurile energetice.

cooling with 30-40%;- implementation of control systems for energy

use: timers for HVAC equipment to stop when thebuilding is unoccupied, thermostats for temperature;

- installation of energy efficient windows with bet-ter insulation for lower heat loss;

- installation of energy efficient lighting (fluores-cent lamps or high-efficiency LED lamps);

- preventive maintenance of equipment; rehabilitation of buildings; optimizing transport distances depending on to-

pography.In addition to the foregoing measures to improve

energy efficiency in sewer systems and wastewatertreatment plant it can be mentioned:

- efficient use of aeration equipment in the biolog-ical stage (approximately 60% of the energy consump-tion in wastewater treatment plant comes from thebiological treatment); by using energy efficient blow-ers with frequency converter, power consumption canbe reduced by up to 50%;

- implementation of cogeneration system using bio-gas produced by anaerobic fermentation of sludge;

- using of fuel cells that use biogas produced fromthe anaerobic fermentation, which can convert about40% of the biogas to energy.

Energy efficiency in water supply, sewage andwastewater treatment systems is an important ele-ment in achieving the Europe 2020 Strategy objectives.However, the adopted measures should realize a bal-ance between the quality of drinking water supplied,the quality of wastewater treatment plants effluent,the sludge treatment technologies and power con-sumptions.

ABSTRACT. This paper details: - The evolution of the Regional Operator AP CANAL S.A. GALAI; - Compliance with European Directives; - The Regions priority needs. KEYWORDS: Investments, increased efficiency, regionalization.


ETAPE IMPORTANTE N EVOLUIA SOCIETIIAP CANAL S.A. GALAI

DIN EXPERIENA OPERATORILOR

IMPORTANT STEPS IN THE EVOLUTION OFAP CANAL S.A. GALAI

Gelu STAN

Director General AP CANAL S.A. Galai

1. ISTORICRscrucea de drumuri i ape i-a pus pecetea pe

destinul acestor locuri - Galaii.Istoria ne povestete cum s-au nlat i prbuit

stpniri care au cuprins pmntul acesta, schim-bndu-i chipul dup voia i trebuinele lor. N-praznice vremuri. Totui, tritorii de aici au rzbtutn timpuri. Pe oamenii acetia parc istoria i uitase,i ei nii parc uitaser unii de alii, risipii n mi-zerie.

Aezat n perimetruldelimitat de confluenaPrutului i a Siretului cuDunrea, viaa comunit-ilor umane din zona Ga-lai a fost determinat nmod direct de Dunre.

Anii 1870, ca urmare adezvoltrii industriale aoraului, nseamn un ca-pt de drum lung i greu,n sensul dezvoltrii in-dustriale a urbei. S-auconstruit trei bazine de decantare i tot attea ba-zine de filtrare a apei potabile pentru localnici. Drepturmare a eforturilor de atunci, n 1872, documentelevremii ne dezvluie c se pune n funciune Uzina deap 1 din sursa Dunre, dotat cu filtre lente, avnddebitul de circa 120 l/s.

ntruct cartierele mrginae erau lipsite de apfiltrat, uzina din valea iglinei neputnd alimenta

1. ASPECTS OF HISTORYThe cross of the roads and waters maked the fate

of these places - Galai.History tells us how reigns that laid hold of this land

rose and fell changing its face after their will andneeds. Times of grievance. Yet, the dwellers of theseplaces have fought their way against time. It seemedthey were forgotten by history and they themselvesseemed to had forgotten from one another, scatteredin misery.

Located in the perime-ter bounded by the conflu-ence of the rivers Prut andSiret with the Danube, thelife of the people commu-nities in the area of Galaihas been determined di-rectly by the Danube.

The 1870s, as a resultof the industrial develop-ment of the city, mark theend of a long and hardroad in the industrial de-

velopment of the city. There were built three settlingtanks also as many reservoirs for the filtering of thedrinking water for the people. As a result of the effortsmade, in 1872, the documents of that time revealthat The Water Plant no. 1, equipped with slow filters,with a flow of approximately 120 l/sec was commis-sioned, using the Danube as the water source.

As the marginal districts did not have filtered wa-

Fig. 1. Galaii Vechi. Portul / Galaii in old days.The Harbour.


EDITORIALIMPORTANT STEPS IN THE EVOLUTION OFAP CANAL S.A. GALAIntregul ora, n anul 1889 s-au mai montat paispre-zece fntni publice, pe strzile din centrul orauluiGalai. Apa potabil produs de uzin era scump:cinci bani pentru dou cofe.

Intuind necesitatea unor lucrri de anvergur, pri-marul de atunci al municipiului, Al. D. Moruzzi, nanul 1873, a concesionat lucrrile de canalizare, peo lungime de 14.038 metri, antreprenorului romnGrigore Eliad. n toamna anului 1874 lucrrile eraufinalizate.

n urma recensmntului din 1881 reieea c 11strzi erau prevzute cu canalizare, ceea ce nu n-semna puin lucru, tiind c n acea perioad oraulse ntindea pe o suprafa de circa 1200 hectare.

Imediat dup Primul Rzboi Mondial, n februarie1923, primria din Galai se confrunta cu o situaieedilitar precar, care trebuia remediat urgent,propunndu-se Consiliului Local un mprumut dinstrintate menit s rezolve cerinele de prim ordin.Necesitatea presant era aceea de a construi o nouuzin de alimentare cu ap, care s furnizeze orau-lui pn la 10.000 mc. de ap.

De asemenea, s-a decis i construirea unei reelede canalizare numai pentru o parte din strzi, preulfiind mult prea ridicat pentru canalizarea tuturorstrzilor.

Mari au fost eforturile fcute de gleni i n pe-rioada 1965 - 1968, dar s-au concretizat n ctevarealizri majore ale vremii.

Astfel, se dau n exploatare: o surs de adncime: Vadu-Roca, cu 66 puuri forate pe o lungime de 14,9 km; o staie de repompare: erbeti, echipat cu dou rezervoare a cte 5.000 mc i ase electro- pompe; o conduct de aduciune Dn 1.000 mm cu lungi- mea de 42 km Vadu-Roca-erbeti; o conduct de refulare erbeti-Galai Dn 800 mm pe 17 km i erbeti-Brila Dn 600 mm; o staie de pompare: Fileti (n municipiul Galai).n numai doi ani de zile, 1974 - 1975, se execut

Priza CSG de ap brut din Dunre i totodat se daun funciune 2 conducte Dn 800 mm de la Priza de apa CSG la Uzina 1.

2. SISTEMUL DE ALIMENTARE CU APDatele statistice ale ultimului recensmnt relev

c Municipiul Galai are o populaie de circa 250.000

ter, the plant in the valley lacking the capacity tosupply the entire city, in 1889 fourteen public foun-tains were built on the streets downtown. The drink-ing water produced by the plant was expensive: fivefarthings for two trugs.

Understanding the need for ampler works, themayor of the city, Al. D. Moruzzi handed over, in1873, the works on the sewer network on a lengthof 14.038 meters to the romanian contractor GrigoreEliad. In the autumn of 1874 the works were com-pleted.

In 1881 the results of a census indicated thateleven streets were provided with sewer, which wasnot insignificant, the city being extended, at thattime, over a surface of 1200 hectars.

Immediately after the Great War in february1923, the city hall of Galai was facing a situationthat required urgent reparatory measures, a loanfrom abroad being proposed to the local council tosettle the main problems. The pressing need was theconstruction of a new water supply plant which wasto deliver the city up to 10.000 cubic meters of wa-ter. It was, moreover, decided to build a sewer net-work only for part of the streets as the amount wastoo high for all streets to be provided with sewer.

The efforts made by the inhabitants were heavybut materialised between 1965 - 1968 in several ma-jor achievements of that time. Thus, there werecommissioned:

a deep water source: Vadu-Roca with sixty six wells drilled on a length of 14,9 Km; a booster pumping station: erbeti equipped with two reservoirs of 5.000 cubic meters and six electropumps; a raw water main having the ND of 1.000 mm, 42 km long, between Vadu-Roca-erbeti; a discharge pipe of 800 mm ND between erbeti and Galai, 17 km long, and between erbeti and Brila of 600 mm ND; a booster pumping station: Fileti (Galai city).In only two years, between 1974 - 1975 there was

built the CSG raw water intake from Danube and twopipes of 800 mm ND from the CSG raw water intaketo Water plant no. 1.

2. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMThe statistical data of the last census indicate

that the city of Galai has a population of approxi-mately 250.000 people, the water supply network



locuitori, reeaua de distribuie a apei deservindcirca 99,6% din populaia oraului. Consumul indus-trial este acoperit de reeaua municipal n proporiede 78%, restul de 22% fiind asigurat din surse private(captri - surse proprii).

n prezent, oraul Galai este alimentat cu ap dinsurs de suprafa i surs subteran.

Dunrea constituie sursa de ap brut de supra-fa. Priza de ap de tip cheson este situat pe malulstng al Dunrii n amonte de punctul de confluencu Siretul. Societatea Arcelor Mittal este proprietarulstaiei de captare i a unui tronson din conducta prin-cipal de transfer a apei brute de la captare la uzinade tratare. Priza de ap brut are o capacitate nomi-nal de aproximativ 3.000 l/s.

Staia de captare este echipat cu 5 grupuri depompare, care furnizeaz ap brut att pe platfor-ma ARCELOR MITTAL S.A., ct i ctre staia de tra-tare a oraului Galai.

De la sursa de suprafa se alimenteaz Uzina deTratare iglina printr-o conduct de transport de Dn1200 mm. Conducta a fost pus n funciune n anul1989.

Apa din sursa de suprafa este tratat n cadrulUzinei de ap nr. 2 iglina (figura 3). Capacitateanominal proiectat a staiei este de 800 - 1000 l/ssau 31.500.000 mc/an i a fost pus n funciune nanul 1995. Cuprinde urmtoarele trepte: micrositepentru ndeprtarea substanelor solide, facilitiproces de coagulare, dou decantoare radiale folo-site n vederea floculrii i sedimentrii (fiecare de-cantor are diametrul de 50 m i o capacitate de 500l/s).

Staiile de preclorinare i clorinare asigur dezin-fecia apei dup filtrarea acesteia n cele aisprezece

serving approximately 99,6% of Galai Citys popula-tion.

The industrial consumption is ensured by the citysnetwork up to 78%, the remaining 22% being providedby private sources (intakes - owned sources).

The City of Galai is currently supplied with sur-face and deep water.

The Danube is the raw surface water source of thecity. The water intake, of caisson type, is located onthe left bank of the Danube, upstream the point ofconflunce with the Siret river. The Arcelor MittalSteel Company is the owner of the water intake andof a section of the raw water transfer main from theintake to the water treatment plant. The raw waterintake has a nominal capacity of a 3.000 liters/sec-ond.

The water intake is equipped with five pumpinggroups, which furnish raw water both to ARCELORMITTAL S.A. industrial platform and to the treatmentplant of Galai City.

From the surface water, the Water TreatmentPlant iglina is supplied by a main on ND 1200 mm.The line was commissioned in 1989.

The raw surface water is treated at iglinaWater Treatment Plant no. 2 (figure 3). The designednominal capacity of the plant is of 800-1000 l/s or31.500.000 cm/year and was commissioned in 1995.It is provided with the following equipment: micro-filters to remove solids, flocculation facilities, tworadial settling tanks used for sedimentation (eachhaving a 50 m long diameter and a capacity of 500l/s).

The prechlorination and chlorination stations en-sure the disinfection of water after being filtered inthe existent sixteen rapid sand filters.

Fig. 2. Sala pompelor / The Pumping Room. Fig. 3. Sala filtrelor / The Filters Room.


EDITORIALIMPORTANT STEPS IN THE EVOLUTION OFAP CANAL S.A. GALAI

filtre rapide cu nisip.n cadrul proiectului ISPA, ncheiat n anul 2011,

au fost reabilitate echipamentele necesare procesu-lui de filtrare, respectiv armturile hidraulice iinstalaiile de automatizare.

Sursa de ap brut de adncime este reprezen-tat de dou fronturi de captare: Vadu-Roca (figura4) i Salcia-Lieti (figura 5).

Soluiile tehnice au impus ca fronturile s fie con-struite la aproximativ 70 km deprtare, unul n vestuloraului Galai (front SalciaLieti), iar celalalt n ju-deul Vrancea (frontul Vadu-Roca). Fronturile suntsituate ntr-o zon protejat din punct de vederesanitar, pe malul drept al rului Siret. Stratul acvifereste alimentat de rul Siret.

n prezent, sursa de adncime asigur aproximativ30% din cererea total a oraului.

Captarea Vadu-Roca a fost construit n anul1969, cu o capacitate maxim proiectat de 1000 l/ssau 31.500.000 mc/an.

n anul 1980 a fost pus n funciune frontul decaptare Salcia-Lieti, cu o capacitate maxim pro-iectat de 1000 l/s sau 31.500.000 mc/an.

Prin proiectul n derulare CCI 2011 RO 161 PR003 Reabilitarea i extinderea infrastructurii deap i ap uzat, n judeul Galai finanat prinPOS Mediu 2007-2013, termen de finalizare decem-brie 2015, se reabiliteaz optzeci i cinci de forajeale fronturilor de captare Vadu-Roca i Salcia- Lieti.

Under the ISPA programme, financed by the Euro-pean Commission, completed in 2011, there was re-habilitated the necessary equipment ensuring thefiltering process, namely, the hydraullic reinforce-ments and automation.

The deep raw water source is represented bytwo wellfields: Salcia-Lieti (figure 4) and Vadu-Roca (figure 5).

The technical solutions required for the well-fields to be built at a distance of approximately 70km from Galai City, one on the western part (Salcia-Lieti wellfield), and the other in Vrancea County(Vadu-Roca wellfield). The wellfields are located ina sanitary protected area on the right bank of Siretriver. The aquifer layer is supplied by the Siret river.

Currently, the deep water source ensures approx-imately 30% of the total demand.

Vadu-Roca wellfield was built in 1969 having amaximum design capacity of 1000 l/s or 31.500.000cm/year.

Salcia-Lieti wellfield was commissioned in 1980and has a maximum design capacity of 1000 l/s or31.500.000 cm/year.

Under the project CCI 2011 RO 161 PR 003 Re-habilitation and Extension of Water and Wastewa-ter Infrastructure in Galai County, financed bythe 2007-2013 Environmental SOP programme, whichis currently unrolling, having a completion deadlinethe month of December 2015, there are being reha-

Fig. 4. Front Vadu Roca / Vadu Roca Wellfield. Fig. 5. Front Salcia Lieti / Salcia Lieti Wellfield.



De la sursa de adncime, apa brut este distribui-t ctre Galai astfel:

de la Vadu-Roca la staia de pompare erbetiprintr-o conduct de beton armat 1x1.200 mm i dinoel, pentru traversri - n operare din 1968, untronson de conduct de 3,8 km fiind nlocuit ncadrul proiectului n derulare - POS Mediu;

de la Salcia-Lieti la Staia de pompare er-beti, printr-o conduct de beton armat Dn 1.000 mmi din oel i font ductil, pentru traversri - n ope-rare din 1982, un tronson de conduct de 1,7 km fi-ind nlocuit n cadrul proiectului n derulare - POSMediu.

De la Staia de pompare erbeti la staia de pom-pare Fileti, apa este transportat prin 2 fire deaduciune: Dn 1.000 mm, respectiv Dn 800 mm i dinoel i font ductil pentru traversri - n operare din1968, respectiv 1975.

n cadrul proiectului ISPA, finalizat n anul 2011,au fost reabilitate o parte din conductele de aduc-iune, pe o lungime de 11,2 km, din totalul de aproxi-mativ 150 km existeni.

Prin proiectul n derulare CCI 2011 RO 161 PR003 Reabilitarea i extinderea infrastructurii deap i ap uzat, n judeul Galai finanat prinPOS Mediu 2007 - 2013, cu termen de finalizare lunadecembrie 2015, se execut reabilitarea magistraleide aduciune de la frontul de captare Salcia-Lieti iVadu-Roca, pe tronsoane, pe olungime total de 5,5 km.

Apa distribuit de la fronturilede captare este dezinfectat princlorinare n cadrul staiei depompare Fileti, nainte de a fipompat n reeaua de distribu-ie.

Turnul de ap (figura 6) esteprincipala staie de pompare ceasigur transportul apei potabilen reeaua de distribuie.

Reeaua de distribuie a a-pei n municipiul Galai are o lun-gime total de 416 km, fr bran-amente, i este de tip inelar. Larealizarea reelei de distribuies-au utilizat de-a lungul timpuluidiverse tipuri de materiale: oel,beton armat precomprimat, az-

bilitated eighty and five wells of Vadu-Roca and Sal-cia-Lieti wellfields.

The raw water from the deep source is distributedto Galai as follows:

from Vadu-Roca to erbeti pumping stationthrough a reinforced concrete pipeline of 1.200 mm ND made of steel for the crossing sections - in servicesince 1968, a pipe section being replaced under theproject which is being implemented at present - En-vironmental SOP;

from Salcia-Lieti to erbeti Pumping Station,through a reinforced concrete pipeline of 1.000 mmND made of steel and ductile cast iron for the cross-ing sections - in service since 1982, a 1,7 km longpipe section being replaced within the project underimplementation - Environmental SOP.

From erbeti to Fileti pumping station, the wa-ter is distributed by two water mains of 1.000 mm NDand 800 mm ND made steel and ductile cast iron forthe crossing sections - in service from 1968 and, re-spectively, 1975.

Within the ISPA Project, completed in 2011, therewas rehabilitated a part of the water mains of 11,2km long out of the existent 150 km long total.

Through the ongoing project CCI 2011 RO 161PR 003 Rehabilitation and extension of water andwastewater infrastructure, in Galai County fi-nanced by 2007-2013 Environmental SOP, having as

completion deadline the month ofDecember 2015, there are beingrehabilitated sections of the wa-ter main from Salcia-Lieti andVadu-Roca wellfields, the totallength being of 5,5 km.

The water distributed from thewellfields is disinfected by chlori-nation at Fileti pumping stationbefore being pumped in the distri-bution network.

The Water Tower (figure 6) isthe main pumping station that en-sures the transport of the drinkingwater in the water network.

The water supply network is416 km long, without consideringthe connections, and it is of ringtype. Throughout time, in thenetwork construction there haveFig. 6. Turnul de ap / Water Tower.



bociment, font ductil, PEID, poliester armat cufibr de sticl (PAFSIN), iar pentru branamente:oel, plumb, polietilen, font cenuie, pexal, struc-tur care se pstreaz i astzi.

Aproximativ 57,04% din totalul reelei are o vechi-me de peste 30 ani, 17,57% cu vechimea ntre 10 - 30ani i doar 25,39% are o vechime de 10 ani.

n cadrul proiectului ISPA, finalizat n 2011, s-aurealizat lucrri de reabilitare a conductelor de appotabil n ora, cu diametre de la 100 mm pn la600 mm, pe o lungime de 78,37 km, inclusiv brana-mentele imobilelor. Totodat, reeaua de ap po-tabil a fost reconfigurat prin executarea a 5,4 kmde reea i montarea/reabilita-rea a 40 vane (12 noi i 28 nlo-cuite).

Municipiul Galai dispune decinci rezervoare de nmagazi-nare cu o capacitate total destocare de 112.000 mc.

Gradul de contorizare estede 99,7%, Societatea Ap Ca-nal Galai S.A. derulnd n pe-rioada 2012-2014 un programde achiziionare contoare cu ci-tire de la distan.

n restul judeului, n zonadeservit de Societatea ApCanal S.A. Galai, reeaua dealimentare cu ap se ntinde pe circa 457 km pe teri-toriul municipiului Tecuci, oraelor Trgu Bujor iBereti, comunelor Barcea, Bereti Meria, Cavadi-neti, Cosmeti, Iveti, Lieti, Movileni, Pechea,endreni, Slobozia Conachi, Smrdan i Umbrreti.

3. SISTEMUL DE CANALIZARESistemul de canalizare al municipiului Galai

acoper o suprafa de 2.300 ha din intravilanul mu-nicipiului Galai, deservind 97,6% din populaiaoraului. Agenii economici, inclusiv cei cu captriproprii sunt conectai la sistemul public de canali-zare.

Reeaua de canalizare a municipiului Galai are olungime total de 531 km, din care 524,28 km n sis-tem unitar i pluvial 6,72 km. Conductele de cana-lizare sunt din: beton, PREMO, GRP, ceramic, font.n cadrul programului de finanare al Comisiei Eu-ropene, ISPA, finalizat n anul 2011, reeaua de ca-

been used different kinds of materials such as: steel,precompressed reinforced concrete, asbestos ce-ment, ductile cast iron, PEHD, glass reinforced poly-ester (GRP), and for the connections: steel, lead,polyethylene, grey cast iron, pexal, structure that ispreserved even today. Approximately 57,04% of thetotal network is over 30 years old, 17,57% is between10 and 30 years old and only 25,39% is 10 years old.

Within the ISPA Project, completed in 2011, therewere rehabilitated drinking water pipes of a ND rang-ing from 100 mm up to 600 mm, on a length of 78,37km, including house connections. At the same time,the drinking water network was resized through the

execution of 5,4 Km of networkand installation/rehabilitation offorty valves (twelve new andtwenty eight replaced).

The City of Galai has five stor-age tanks with a total capacity of112.000 cm.

The water metering rate is of99,7%, Ap Canal Galai S.A.having implemented in the periodbetween 2012-2014 a programmefor the procurement of remotereading water meters.

In the rest of the County, in thearea served by Ap Canal S.A.Galai, the water supply network

stretches on a length of approximately 457 km on theterritory of Tecuci city, Trgu Bujor and Beretitowns and the communes of Barcea, Bereti Meria,Cavadineti, Cosmeti, Iveti, Lieti, Movileni, Pe-chea, endreni, Slobozia Conachi, Smrdan andUmbrreti.

3. THE WASTEWATER SYTEM Galai citys wastewater system covers a surface

of 2300 ha within the built-up area, serving 97,6% ofthe citys population. The economic agents, includingthose with private intakes, are connected to the sew-er system.

The citys sewer network is 531 km long, of which524,28 km is of combined type and 6,72 km belongto the stormwater network. The sewer pipes aremade of: concrete, PREMO, GRP, ceramic, cast iron.Within the ISPA programme, financed from the Euro-pean Commission, completed in 2011, the sewer net-work was extended by 13,2 km and 21,1 km of pipe-

Fig. 7. Contor ap rece electromagnetic/Cold water electromagnetic counter.



nalizare a fost extins cu 13,2 km i s-au reabilitat21,1 km de reea de canalizare.

Pentru evacuarea apelor uzate i pluviale, sis-temul de canalizare dispune de 10 staii de pompare.

n cadrul proiectului ISPA a fost construit i Staiade Epurare Ape Uzate Galai, cu o capacitate de cir-ca 360.000 p.e.

Finalizarea lucrrilor a avut loc n luna septembrie2011. Acestea au constat n construcia treptei me-canice de tratare a apei uzate menajere precum in execuia lucrrilor de tratare, n regim anaerob, anmolului asociat. Nmolul se stabilizeaz ntr-un di-gestor anaerob de 6.000 mc cu timp de retenie a so-lidelor de 18 zile pentru reducerea cu 60% a coninu-tului de materie organic i generarea biogazului.

Prin fermentare se asi-gur standardul minim alnmolului stabilizat aacum se precizeaz n le-gislaia Uniunii Europenecare se refer la depozi-tarea nmolului la rampade deeuri, nmolul pu-tnd fi utilizat, totodat,ca fertilizator inferior nagricultur.

n cadrul proiectuluiderulat prin POS 2007 -2013, societatea a achizi-tionat i un usctor de nmol. Echipamentul are ca-pacitatea de a usca 42 t/zi din volumul de nmol pri-mar, aducnd cantitatea de substan uscat de la20% la 90%, n condiii de funcionare continu de 24ore.

lines were rehabilitated.For the discharge of the wastewaters and of

stormwaters, the citys sewer system has ten pump-ing stations.

Under the ISPA project there was also built theWaste Water Treatment Plant for Galai City havinga capacity of 360.000 p.e.

The works were completed in September, 2011.They consisted in the construction of the mechanicaltreatment facilities as well as in the execution of thefacilities for the anaerobic sludge digestion. Thesludge is being neutralised in an anaerobic digestorof 6.000 cubic meters with a solids retention time ofeighteen days for the reduction by 60% of the organiccontent and the biogas production.

The minimum stan-dardised quality require-ments of the neutralisedsludge are ensured by di-gestion as regulated bythe European Union legis-lation referring to sludgedisposal to the landfill,the sludge being also ableto be used as a secondrate fertilizer.

Within the project car-ried out through 2007 -2013 Environmental SOP,

the company also aquired a sludge drier. This piecehas the capacity to dry off 42 t/day of the primarysludge volume, bringing the dry substance quantityfrom 20 % to 90%, under 24 hours of continuous oper-ation conditions.

Fig. 8. Unitatea de odorizare/Odour Removal Unit.

Fig. 9. Linia de epurare a apei uzate/Wastewater treatment line.

Fig. 10. Usctor de nmol/ Sludge Drier.



Staia de epurare a apelor uzate este n prezentmodernizat prin finanarea obinut din Fondul deCoeziune fiind prevzut realizarea treptei biologicede tratare cu ndeprtarea nutrienilor precum i ex-tinderea treptei nti a instalaiilor pentru nmol.

Termenul maxim de finalizare a lucrrilor esteluna decembrie 2015.

n afara municipiului Galai, Societatea Ap Ca-nal S.A. Galai, are n exploatare i operare o reeade canalizare, care se ntinde pe o lungime de 118km precum i staiile de epurare din municipiulTecuci, oraul Trgu Bujor, comuna Iveti i Smrdan.

4. CADRU INSTITUIONAL AP CANAL S.A. GALAISocietatea Ap Canal S.A. Galai, nfiinat n

2004, n temeiul Hotrrii Consiliului Local Galai nr.50/30.09.2004, este organizat ca o societate pe ac-iuni avnd ca principal obiect de activitate gospo-drirea resurselor de ap, captarea, tratarea i dis-tribuia apei, precum i colectarea, transportul ievacuarea apelor uzate n emisar.

n prezent Societatea Ap Canal S.A. Galai arestatutul de Operator Regional la nivelul judeuluiGalai opernd n aisprezece localiti din jude,respectiv: municipiile Galai i Tecuci, oraele TrguBujor i Bereti, comunele Barcea, Bereti Meria,Cavadineti, Cosmeti, Iveti,Lieti, Movileni, Pechea, en-dreni, Slobozia Conachi, Smr-dan i Umbrreti.

Acest statut este rezultatulunor transformri majore alecadrului instituional desfu-rate ncepnd cu 1993 cnd s-a nfiinat R.A.J.G.C.L. COV-URLUI prin divizarea regiei R.A.A.C.E.A.U. cu obiectul de acti-vitate captare ape subteranede la Vadu-Roca i Salcia-Lietii transportul apei pn la con-sumatori (R.A. ACTIV Brila30% i R.A.G.C. Galai 70%).

n 1995 - s-a nfiinat R.A.G.C. Galai prin comasare cuRegia de termoficare, iar n1998 societatea s-a reorgani-zat i a devenit S.C. APATERMS.A. Galai.

The wastewater treatment plant is at present ex-tended through the financial support received fromthe Cohesion Fund and is provided with biologicaltreatment facilities for the removal of nutrients aswell as, by the extension of the first stage sludgetreatment facilities.

The maximum works completion deadline is themonth of December, 2015.

Outside Galai city, Ap Canal S.A. Galai has un-der operation and in service a sewer network thatstreches on a length of 118 km as well as the waste-water treatment plants of Tecuci city, Trgu Bujortown, Iveti and Smrdan communes.

4. AP CANAL S.A. GALAI INSTITUTIONAL FRAME-WORK

Ap Canal S.A. Galai, set up in 2004, based onthe Local Council Decision no. 50/30.09.2004, is or-ganized as a joint-stock company having as main ob-ject the management of the water resources, wa-ter catchment, treatment and supply, as well aswastewater collection, transport, treatment and dis-charge into the receiving waters.

At present, Ap Canal S.A. Galai is the RegionalOperator at the level of Galai county, serving sixteenlocalities of the county, that is: Galai and Tecuci

cities, Trgu Bujor and Be-reti towns and the com-munes of Barcea, BeretiMeria, Cavadineti, Cos-meti, Iveti, Lieti, Mo-vileni, Pechea, endreni,Slobozia Conachi, Smrdanand Umbrreti.

This status is the result ofmajor changes of the institu-tional framework startingwith the year 1993 whenR.A.J.G.C.L. COVURLUI wasfounded through the split-ting of R.A.A.C.E.A.U., itscore business being thecatchment of deep waterfrom Vadu-Roca and Salcia-Lieti and water transporta-tion to the consumers (R.A.ACTIV Brila 30% and R.A.G.C. Galai 70%).Fig. 11. Judeul Galai/Galai county.



n anul 2004, S.C. APATERM S.A. Galai s-a divizatn dou societi distincte, astfel c prin HCL nr.46/30.09.2004 a luat fiin Societatea Ap CanalS.A. Galai. n perioada 2004-2010, Societatea ApCanal S.A. Galai a operat n municipiul Galai, iarncepnd cu data de 01 octombrie 2010, a devenitOperator Regional, opernd n 6 localiti: municipi-ile Galai i Tecuci, oraul Trgu Bujor, comuneleBarcea, Iveti, Lieti, Pechea i Umbrreti.

n perioada decembrie 2010 ianuarie 2015,Operatorul Regional Ap Canal S.A. Galai a pre-luat operarea serviciului public de alimentare cu api de canalizare n municipiile Galai i Tecuci, orae-le Trgu Bujor i Bereti, comunele Barcea, BeretiMeria, Cavadineti, Cosmeti, Iveti, Lieti, Movi-leni, Pechea, endreni, Slobozia Conachi, Smrdan iUmbrreti.

n anul 2010, n judeul Galai s-a nfiinat Aso-ciaia de Dezvoltare Intercomunitar Serviciul Re-gional Ap Galai care are actualmente n compo-nen 29 membri: Judeul Galai, municipiul Galai,municipiul Tecuci, oraul Trgu Bujor, oraul Bereti,comunele Blbneti, Bneasa, Barcea, Bereti Me-ria, Brnitea, Cavadineti, Cosmeti, Cuza Vod,Drgneti, Fundeni, Ghidigeni, Independena,Iveti, Lieti, Matca, Movileni, Pechea, Piscu,Radeti, Slobozia Conachi, Smrdan, endreni, TudorVladimirescu, Umbrreti.

5. PROIECTE DE INVESTIIIn decurs de nou ani, n perioada 2006-2015, So-

cietatea Ap Canal S.A. Galai a desfurat douproiecte majore n valoare total de 205.027.901euro fr TVA, cu finanare de la Uniunea European,prin Programul ISPA, respectiv prin Programul Opera-ional Sectorial: Modernizarea sistemelor de appotabil i canalizare i construirea unei noi staiide epurare a apelor uzate n Galai i Reabi-litarea i extinderea infrastructurii de alimenta-re cu ap potabil i ap uzat n judetul Galai.

Dintre acestea cel de-al doilea proiect este ncn desfurare, avnd drept termen de finalizare lunadecembrie 2015.

n urma implementrii acestor proiecte rezultlucrri de reabilitare/extindere a reelelor de ali-mentare cu ap pe o lungime de circa 345 km i dereabilitare/extindere a reelelor de canalizare pe olungime de circa 490 km (lucrrile la reele n cadrul

In 1995 there was set up R.A.G.C. Galai by uni-fication with the Heat Distribution Operator, and in1998 the company reorganised and became S.C.APATERM S.A. Galai.

In 2004, S.C. APATERM S.A. Galai, divided in twoseparate companies, thus by the LCD no. 46/30.09.2004 there was created Ap Canal S.A.Galai. In the period between 2004-2010, ApCanal S.A. Galai operated in Galai City, and start-ing with October the 1st, 2010, it became a RegionalOperator, providing services in: Galai and Tecucicities, Trgu Bujor town, Barcea, Iveti, Lieti, Pe-chea and Umbrreti communes.

In the period between December 2010 - January2015, Ap Canal S.A. Galai took over the opera-tion of water supply and wastewater public servicein the cities of Galai and Tecuci, Trgu Bujor andBereti towns, Barcea, Bereti Meria, Cavadineti,Cosmeti, Iveti, Lieti, Movileni, Pechea, endreni,Slobozia Conachi, Smrdan and Umbrreti com-munes.

In 2010, in Galai County there was set up the In-tercommunitary Development Association GalaiWater Regional Service which currently has 29 mem-bers: Galai County, Galai City, Tecuci city, TrguBujor town, Bereti town and the communes ofBlbneti, Bneasa, Barcea, Bereti Meria, Brani-tea, Cavadineti, Cosmeti, Cuza Vod, Drgneti,Fundeni, Ghidigeni, Independena, Iveti, Lieti,Matca, Movileni, Pechea, Piscu, Radeti, SloboziaConachi, Smrdan, endreni, Tudor Vladimirescu,Umbrreti.

5. INVESTMENTS PROJECTSDuring the last nine years, in the period between

2006-2015, Ap Canal S.A. Galai has carried outtwo major projects amounting to 205.027.901 eurowithout VAT, financed by the European Union underthe ISPA programme and the Sectorial Operation-al Programme: Upgrading of the Drinking Waterand Sewer System and the Construction of a NewWastewater Treatment Plant for Galai City andRehabilitation and Extension of the Water Sup-ply and Wastewater Infrastructure in GalaiCounty.

Of these two projects, the latter is still underway,having as a completion deadline the month of De-cember 2015.



proiectului n derulare sunt realizate n proporie de95,76%).

Totodat, municipiul Galai beneficiaz n urmaproiectului ISPA de o staie de epurare cu treaptprimar de tratare, aceasta fiind modernizat cutrept teriar de tratare n cadrul proiectului nderulare. n prezent sunt de asemenea n execuielucrrile de construire a trei noi staii de epurare aapelor uzate n aglomerarea Trgu Bujor, aglome-rarea Lieti i aglomerarea Pechea i de reabilitare aunei staii de epurare din aglomerarea Tecuci, acestelucrri fiind realizate n procent de 64%.

Dac n cadrul proiectului ISPA investiiile s-au re-alizat la nivelul municipiului Galai i au vizat reabi-litarea sistemului existent, precum i asigurarea uneistaii de epurare a apelor uzate, n cadrul proiectuluifinanat prin POS Mediu s-a pus accent pe lucrrilede extindere a reelei de ap i de canalizare n patruaglomerri din jude: Trgu Bujor i Tecuci, Lieti (cucomunele Lieti, Iveti, Umbrreti, Barcea, Drg-neti) i Pechea (cu comunele Pechea, Cuza Vod iSlobozia Conachi).

n urma executrii acestor lucrri i a extinderiin timp a ariei de operare, Societatea Ap CanalS.A. Galai va opera pe teritoriul urmtoarelor U.A.T-uri: municipiul Galai, municipiul Tecuci, oraul Tr-gu Bujor, oraul Bereti, comunele Bereti Meria,Cavadineti, Cosmeti, Lieti, Iveti, Umbrreti,Barcea, Drgneti, Pechea, Cuza Vod, Smrdan,Slobozia Conachi, endreni, Cosmeti, Movileni ceeace reprezint circa 387.000 locuitori deservii lanivelul judeului din totalul locuitorilor judeuluiGalai - circa 600.000.

Totodat, judeul Galai este primul dintre Opera-torii Regionali din ar care a valorificat economiilenregistrate n urma semnrii contractelor din cadrulPOS Mediu 2007-2013 prin proiectul Investiii pen-tru exploatarea i ntreinerea sistemelor de api canalizare la nivelul ariei de operare a Opera-torului Regional Societatea Ap Canal S.A., pen-tru care s-a semnat contractul de finanare n datade 17.11.2014. Valoarea total eligibil a proiectuluifr TVA este 9.448.276 euro.

n cadrul acestui proiect, pentru eficientizareaactivitii de operare i ntreinere desfurate desocietate, la nivelul ariei de operare extinse, s-a pre-vzut achiziionarea de echipamente: un stand au-tomat de verificat contori ap, o sut i nouzeci de

The results of the implementation of these projects consist in water supply rehabilitation/extensionworks on a length of approximately 345 km and sew-er network rehabilitation/extension on a length ofapproximately 490 km (the networks works under theongoing project are 95,76% completed).

At the same time, Galai City benefits followingthe ISPA project of a Wastewater Treatment Plantprovided with primary treatment which is being ex-tended with tertiary treatment facilities under thecurrent project. At present, there are also underwaythe construction works for three new wastewatertreatment plants in Trgu Bujor, Lieti and Pecheaagglomeration and the rehabilitation of a wastewatertreatment plant in Tecuci agglomeration, these worksbeing 64% completed.

If under the ISPA projects the investments werecarried at the level of the city and focused on the re-habilitation of the existing system as well as the pro-vision of a wastewater treatment plant, under theproject financed by Environmental SOP stress wasplaced on the extension of water and wastewatersystems in four agglomerations of the county: TrguBujor and Tecuci, Lieti (with the communes ofLieti, Iveti, Umbrreti, Barcea, Drgneti) andPechea (with the communes of Pechea, Cuza Vodand Slobozia Conachi).

Following the execution of these works and theextension in time of the area served, Ap Canal S.A.Galai will operate within the following territorialadministrative units: Galai City, Tecuci City, TrguBujor town, Bereti town, the communes of BeretiMeria, Cavadineti, Cosmeti, Lieti, Iveti, Umbr-reti, Barcea, Drgnesti, Pechea, Cuza Vod, Smr-dan, Slobozia Conachi, endreni, Cosmeti, Movileniwhich means 387.000 inhabitants served at thecountys level out of the total number of inhabitantsof Galai County - approximately 600.000.

In addition, Ap Canal S.A. Galai is the first ofthe water Regional Operators which made use of thesavings generated, as a result of the signing of thecontracts under 2007-2013 Environmental SOP,through the project Investments for the Operationand Maintenance of the Water and WastewaterSystems at the Level of the Area Served by the Re-gional Operator Ap Canal S.A., for which the fi-nancing contract was signed on 17.11.2014. The totaleligible amount of the project, without VAT, is9.448.276 euro.



contoare electromagnetice de ap, cincizeci i doude mii i treizeci i ase de contoare i douzeci de mii i trei sute i douzeci i trei de module radio,echipament de transport nmol, autoutilaj pentrumprtiat nmol n agricultur, dou autocuri-toare combinate pentru ntreinerea sistemelor decanalizare, dou autocuritoare simple, dou au-tovidanje, dou autocisterne, dou instalaii de pre-parat hipoclorit, trei buldoexcavatoare, dou auto-

laboratoare de detectare pierderi, un ncrctorfrontal, un utilaj combinat tractor-buldoexcavator.

Pentru toate aceste echipamente, cu excepiaautocuritoarelor i a autovidanjelor, au fost nche-iate contracte de furnizare.

Echipamentele furnizate vor deservi ntreaga ariede operare a SocietiiAp Canal S.A. Galai,vor asigura valorificareala un nivel superior aproduciei i reducereapierderilor comerciale,implementarea strate-giei de gestionare a n-molului, crearea uneibaze de date care srspund n orice mo-ment la aspecte privindsituaia contoarelor, sta-rea fiecruia, produciade ap aferent fiecruiclient, asigurarea nen-trerupt a apei potabilela o calitate optim,ntreinerea eficient a

Under this project in order to increase efficiency of the operation and maintenance activity carriedout by the company, at the level of the extendedarea served, there was provided the procurement ofequipment: an automatical water meters testingbench, one hundred and ninety electromagneticalwater meters, fifty two thousand and thirty six wa-ter meters and twenty thousand and three hundredand twenty three water meters modules, sludge

transportation equipment, sludge spreading for agri-cultural use equipment, two combined sewer clean-ers for the maintenance of the sewer network, twosimple sewer cleaners, two cesspool emptiers, twowater tanks, two facilities for the preparation ofhypochlorite, three backhoe loader, two leak detec-

tion units, a front loader, a com-bined tractor back-hoe loader.

For all these pieces of equipmentexcept for the automatical sewercleaners and the cesspools emptiers,supply contracts were signed. Theequipment provided will serve theentire area of operation of ApCanal S.A. Galai and will ensurethe better use of the production andof the reduction of commerciallosses, the implementation of thesludge disposal strategy, creation ofa database to respond at any time toaspects regarding: the status of thewater counters, of each of them, aswell as the water production distrib-uted to each client, ensuring unin-terrupted drinking water services of

Fig. 12. Stand verificare contoare/Counters testing unit.

Fig. 13. Echipament nmol/Sludge equipment.

Fig. 14. Instalaie preparare hipoclorit/Hypochlorite preparation facility.



reelei de ap i de canalizare.Prin eficientizarea activitii se creaz totodat

premisele derulrii de noi investiii.

6. ACCESAREA DE NOI FONDURIn prezent, Operatorul Regional Ap Canal S.A.

Galai promoveaz proiectul Asisten tehnicpentru pregtirea aplicaiei de finanare i a do-cumentaiilor de atribuire pentru Proiectul regio-nal de dezvoltare a infrastructurii de ap i apuzat n judeul Galai, finanat din Fondul Euro-pean de Dezvoltare Regional.

Scopul proiectului de Asisten Tehnic este de apermite continuarea strategiei locale pentru dezvol-tarea sectorului de ap i ap uzat, n vederea asi-gurrii ndeplinirii obligaiilor Tratatului de Aderarea Romniei la Uniunea European, precum i a legis-laiei specifice naionale i europene n sectorul deap/ap uzat.

n cadrul contractului de asisten tehnic semnatn data de 20.03.2014 cu prestatorul Ramboll SouthEast Europe SRL n calitate de lider al Asocierii Ram-boll South East Europe SRL - Ramboll Danmark A/S S.C. ROMPROED S.A., se vor elabora documentaiilela baza demarrii de noi investiii la nivelul judeuluicu preponderen n mediul rural.

Valoarea acestui proiect (servicii i lucrri) seridic la suma de 95.691.732 euro. Acesta se vadesfura pe teritoriul a 21 de UAT-uri i va cuprindelucrri de extinderi ale reelei de alimentare cu ap(97 km) i ale reelei de canalizare (336 km), re-alizarea a 10 staii de tratare ap potabil noi i a 8staii de epurare precum i lucrri de reabilitare areelelor de ap i canalizare pe o lungime de 36 dekm.

n urma acestuia se preconizeaz c SocietateaAp Canal S.A. Galai va deservi 438.000 locuitori,respectiv circa 73% din populaia judeului.

Licena de operare Clasa I i implementarea sis-temului de management integrat calitate, mediu,sntate i securitate ocupaional certific angaja-mentul nostru pentru performana n operare i asi-gurarea unor servicii de calitate.

best quality, water and sewer network maintenance.Raising the efficiency creates, at the same time,

the premises to carry out new investments.

6. THE ACCESSION OF NEW FUNDSAt present, Regional Operator Ap Canal S.A.

Galai is promoting the project Technical Assis-tance for the Preparation of the Financing Appli-cation and of the Tendering Documents for theRegional Water and Wastewater InfrastructureDevelopment Project in the County of Galai, fi-nanced from the European Regional DevelopmentFund.

The objective of the Technical Assistence projectis to allow for the continuation of the local strategyfor the development of the water and wastewatersector, in order to ensure compliance with the obli-gations assumed under the Treaty of Accession to theEuropean Union, as well as with the relevant legisla-tion national and European in the water/wastewatersector.

Under the techical assistance contract which is tobe awarded in the second half of March 2015, therewill be elaborated the documentation at the basis ofnew investments carried out at the countys level,predominantly in the rural area.

This project (services and works) amounts to95.691.732 euro. The project will cover the area oftwenty one territorial administrative units and willcomprise works for the extension of the water supplynetwork (97 km) and of the sewer network (336 km),construction of ten new drinking water treatmentplants and of eight wastewater treatment plants aswell as rehabilitation works of water supply andsewer networks on a length of 36 de km.

As a result it is estimated that Ap Canal S.A.Galai will serve 438.000 inhabitants, which is 73%of the countys population.

The operation license Class I and the implemen-tation of the integrated management system forquality, environment, health and professional secu-rity, certify our committment to performance of op-eration and quality of the services provided.

BIBLIOGRAFIE / REFERENCES[1] LAZAROVICI Grigore, Dr. STANCIU tefan - GALAII Istorie i contemporanitate, Editura Alma, Galai, 2004.


PRODUSE I TEHNOLOGII INOVATIVE

Reducerea emisiilor cu efect de ser i diminuareacosturilor operaionale sunt doar dou dintre provo-crile cu care se confrunt sectorul apei, evideniatede raportul "Fcndu-ne datoria - Cum putem sdiminum efectele de ser n sectorul de ap icanalizare, publicat de OFWAT (Autoritatea de re-glementare a serviciilor de ap) din Anglia i araGalilor. n abordarea acestor probleme, companiilede ap pot avea o contribuie pozitiv asupra mediu-lui i a propriilor cheltuieli prin optimizarea consumu-lui de energie.

Cifrele din raportul OFWAT indic faptul c sec-torul de ap contribuie cu aproximativ 1,1 % la totalulemisiilor din Marea Britanie, prin energia folositpentru a trata, pompa i gestiona apa. Odat cu re-glementrile legislative i creterea cererii, JohnGooday, lider de afaceri i responsabil de coordona-rea activitilor de ap potabil i canalizare, subli-niaz faptul c pot exista beneficii de afaceri realepentru abordarea acestei probleme.

"Raportul OFWAT evideniaz multe dintre preo-cuprile pe care le auzim de la clieni n mod regu-lat. Cu toate acestea, abordarea emisiilor n confor-mitate cu legislaia poate avea un impact pozitivasupra reducerii costurilor energetice. Exist maimulte moduri de abordare a mbuntirilor, fie princomenzi cu frecven variabil i dispozitive de mo-nitorizare a puterii, care pot contribui la reducereaconsumului de energie, sau prin o varietate de altetehnici", a spus el. "n ceea ce privete soluiile degestionare a puterii i gestionare a energiei, mode-larea proceselor i a controlului predictiv, serviciilede evaluare a energiei, soluiile inteligente de con-trol al motorului, precum i software-ul de ges-tionare a energiei reprezint instrumente utile dinsectorul apei ce pot contribui la reducerea semnifi-cativ a consumului de energie."

Raportul atrage, de asemenea, atenia asupramultor paradoxuri cu care managerii din sectorul apeise confrunt. Pe lng cererea crescut pentru apapotabil din resurse limitate (aflate n scdere),exist de asemenea n legislaia Uniunii Europene

cerine mai stricte privind epurarea apelor uzate, im-plicit la consumuri mai mari de energie. Directiva-cadru privind apa trebuie s fie echilibrat cu cerin-ele de reducere a deeurilor de carbon din parteaguvernului britanic. ntr-un astfel de mediu cu multeprovocri, investiia n echipamentul potrivit este vi-tal, spune John Gooday.

"Rockwell Automation este o companie global cureputaie i patrimoniu de soluii de ultim or itehnologie inovatoare care vor fi utilizate mult timpde acum n viitor", a adugat acesta. "Implementareaunei platforme stabile de arhitecturi tehnologice in-tegrate, ajut la optimizarea eficienei la nivelul n-tregului circuit al apei potabile i al apei uzate,reducnd costurile de energie. Toate acestea vorsprijini dezvoltarea industriei spre sustenabilitate nanii ce vor urma."

Acest articol a fost realizat de Elsaco Electronic n colaborare cu Rockwell Automation.

GESTIONAREA MAI EFICIENT A ENERGIEI POATE AJUTA LA REDUCEREA AMPRENTEI DE CARBON I A COSTURILOR OPERAIONALE


STAII COMPACTE PENTRU TRATAREA APEI DE SUPRAFA10 - 50 m3/h

PRODUSE I TEHNOLOGII INOVATIVE

Utilizarea staiilor compacte pentru tratarea apeide suprafa este soluia optim pentru alimentareacu ap potabil a localitilor de pn la 15.000 delocuitori, precum pentru alimentarea cu ap a unormici colectiviti (sate de vacan, cartiere reziden-iale, ansambluri hoteliere, etc.).

n cadrul programului POS Mediu 2014-2020 suntpreconizate a fi construite un numr de ~262 staiide tratare, un numr important dintre acestea fiinddestinate alimentrii cu ap potabil a unor localitiaflate n apropierea unor cursuri de ap sau lacuri deacumulare.

Astfel, pentru a rspunde acestor necesiti i dea servi nevoilor de ap potabil din centrele urbanei comunitile mici, unde simplitatea operaiilor esteun parametru absolut esenial, AQUA SYSTEM PLUSS.A. a dezvoltat gama de produse:

STAII COMPACTE PENTRU TRATAREA APEI - SCTAceste staii compacte de tratare sunt proiectate

pentru a produce ap potabil din ape dulci de su-prafa fr poluare chimic i au capacitatea de 10- 50 m/h. Ele sunt bazate pe tehnologii de ultimor i sunt compuse din echipamente robuste cu undesign simplu, care asigur o tratare complet a apei.

Procesul de tratare include: preclorinare, coagu-lare, floculare, sedimentare, filtrare multimedia idezinfecie final. Opional, procesul de tratare poa-te fi monitorizat on-line permanent prin senzoriamplasai n puncte importante de control.

Echiparea standard cu un grup de pompare cu do-u pompe centrifuge orizontale (1A+1R) pentru apa

tratat, care asigur o presiune la iesire de minim 2.0bari, face ca staiile compacte s fie perfect adap-tate la majoritatea proiectelor unde apa tratat estestocat ntr-un rezervor aflat lng staia de tratare.

Staiile compacte de tratare SCT sunt destinatefuncionrii complet automate:

automatizarea dozrii substanelor de adaos(hipoclorit, sulfat de aluminiu, corector pH); automatizarea alimentrii cu ap; automatizarea pornirii grupului de pompare n funcie de consumul de ap; automatizarea splrii inverse a filtrelor.Dimensiunea acestor staii a fost aleas pentru a

corespunde standardelor i normelor internaionalede transport. Ele pot fi transportate pe uscat sau pemare, cu ajutorul containerelor ISO 20 ft sau 40 ft.

I.1. CARACTERISTICII.1.1. FUNCIONARE FLEXIBILStaiile compacte pentru tratarea apei SCT sunt

proiectate pentru a fi operate n regim complet au-tomat. Ele sunt proiectate s porneasc sau s seopreasc automat funcie de cererea de ap.

Cel mult o sptmn de instruire n teren va per-mite operatorilor s acioneze cu uurin pentru ex-ploatarea i ntreinerea acestora.

Este nevoie de un singur operator, pentru 1-2 orezilnic, care s pregteasc reactivii, s urmreascfuncionarea filtrelor i s realizeze ntreinerea pla-nificat a staiei.

Standardizarea permite schimbul de echipamente,dac este nevoie, ntre diferite staii, reducnd astfelstocul de piese de schimb.

I.1.2. CAPACITATE EXTINSSe poate realiza oricnd o mrire a capacitii de

Ing. Bogdan NISTOR, Director General - AQUA SYSTEM PLUS


EDITORIALSTAII COMPACTE PENTRU TRATAREAAPEI DE SUPRAFA 10 - 50 m3/htratare prin montarea unor uniti suplimentare.

I.1.3. NECESAR MIC DE ENERGIEConsumul de energie foarte mic face ca acolo un-

de sursa electric nu este uor disponibil, un gene-rator electric de capacitate mic (opional) s fie su-ficient pentru a face s funcioneze staiile.

I.1.4. REACTIVIReactivii folosii au fost selectai pentru preul lor

sczut i aprovizionarea lor facil: sulfat de aluminiu; carbonat de sodiu sau var; hipoclorit de sodiu.I.1.5. CONSTRUCIETot ce este necesar pentru instalarea unei staii

compacte pentru tratarea apei - SCT este o fundaiesolid i o racordare la sistemul de canalizare.

Staiile compacte pentru tratarea apei - SCT sepot monta cu uurin n construcii metalice tip con-tainer pentru protejarea echipamentelor de soare iintemperii.

II. PROCESUL DE TRATAREII.1. SCHEMA TEHNOLOGIC A UNEI STAII COM-

PACTE DE TRATARE

II.2. PRIMA FAZ DE TRATAREPrefiltrarea: proces pentru reinerea suspensiilor

mari (mai mari de 130 m).Etapa de prefiltrare se face cu ajutorul unui sistem

de prefiltrare avnd cartue tip pachet de discuri.Acesta este format din mai multe module de filtraremontate n paralel i un rezervor presurizat cu ap

pentru splare.n interiorul fiecrui

modul de filtrare se aflcte un cartu filtrat tippachet de discuri. Dis-curile au o suprafa stri-at i sunt fixate pe unsuport rotativ special,

proiectat s comprime strns n timpul procesului defiltrare, formeaz cartuele filtrante. Apa brut esteforat s treac prin canalele formate ntre discurii astfel impuritile sunt reinute pe suprafaa ele-mentului filtrant (pachet de discuri) i n canalele for-mate.

Procesul de splare este iniiat de o comand pre-definit (timp i/sau diferena de presiune) - PLC au-tomat. Prin acionarea unor vane hidropneumatice cutrei ci suportul rotativ special se detensioneaz, iarpachetul de discuri este decomprimat. Un jet de ap,provenit din rezervorul presurizat, cu presiune maretrece prin duzele nclinate, montate n centrul supor-tului rotativ special i spal pachetul decomprimat dediscuri. Astfel procesul de splare se realizeaz uor

i particulele solide reinute sunt ndeprtate.Unitile de filtrare ce formeaz sistemul de pre-

filtrare se spal secvenial.

II.3. A DOUA FAZ DE TRATAREDozare reactivi: introducerea n apa brut a unor

substane realizeaz dezinfecia/coagularea/filtra-rea.


STAII COMPACTE PENTRU TRATAREAAPEI DE SUPRAFA 10 - 50 m3/h

Include: Preclorinarea: oxidarea primar a poluanilor

prezeni n apa brut (substane organice, fier, man-gan, amoniac, hidrogen sulfurat), precum i dezin-fecia primar;

Reglarea pH (opional, n funcie de calitateaapei) este destinat reglrii pH-ului apei pentru aasigura o bun desfurare a procesului de coagularefloculare;

Coagularea: suprafeele particulelor sunt ncr-cate electric, ceea ce le mpiedic s se uneasc. Co-agulantul elimin ncrcarea electric permind ast-fel formarea unui precipitat;

Flocularea este destinat mririi volumului icoeziunii precipitatului format prin coagulare.

II.3.1 PRECLORINAREAHipocloritul de sodiu, sub-

stana chimic folosit pentruoxidare i dezinfecie primar,se folosete ntr-o doz caredepinde de debitul apei detratat.

Dozarea este determinatautomat n timpul pornirii i este reglat, tot auto-mat, pe timpul exploatrii, funcie de valoarea debi-tului apei brute. Acest lucru se realizeaz cu ajutorulunui sistem automat de msurare a debitului (debit-metru/pomp dozatoare). Funcionarea acestui sis-tem este simpl, debitmetrul emite automat un sem-nal proporional cu debitul de ap msurat pe care ltransmite pompei dozatoare care regleaz automatnumrul dozelor injectate.

II.3.2. REGLARE pH (etap opional)Apa brut este supus unui tratament cu carbonat

de sodiu pentru reglarea pH-ului. Dozarea carbona-tului de sodiu se face n funcie de valorile msuratede ctre un senzor de pH i sunt transmise ctre uncontroler de proces care, cu ajutorul unui semnal uni-ficat 4-20 mA, comand o pomp dozatoare.

II.3.3 COAGULAREASulfatul de aluminiu, substana chimic folosit

pentru coagulare/floculare, sefolosete ntr-o doz care de-pinde de caracteristicile apei detratat, i anume:

coninutul de coloide dinap, mai ales materiile de ori-gine vegetal;

natura materiilor organice din ap; pH-ul apei.Dozarea este determinat automat n timpul por-

nirii i este reglat, tot automat, pe timpul explo-atrii, funcie de valoarea turbiditii apei brute.Acest lucru se realizeaz cu ajutorul unui sistem au-tomat de msurare a debitului (senzor de turbidi-tate/pomp dozatoare). Funcionarea acestui sistemeste simpl, senzorul de turbiditate emite automatun semnal proporional cu turbiditatea apei brute pecare l transmite pompei dozatoare care regleaz au-tomat numrul dozelor injectate.

II.3.4. FLOCULAREAFlocularea este realizat printr-o amestecare

omogen, nceat, care sporete ansele de coliziunea particulelor coloidale descrcate, fr a sparge pre-cipitatul.

Tancul de floculare i echipamentele auxiliare suntproiectate cu acelai scop de a:

mpiedica zonele de sedimentare (de ex. sedi-mente pe fund); recupera energia disipat ca turbulen; mpiedica trecerile prefereniale ntre intrarea i ieirea din rezervor.Staiile compacte de tratare SCT cuprind un coa-

gulator i un floculator static.

II.4. A TREIA FAZ DE TRATARESedimentarea: separarea flocoanelor formate an-

terior.Transferul de ap ntre

zona de floculare i ceade sedimentare se faceprintr-o camer de lini-tire amplasat sub modu-lul lamelar.

Plcile nclinate (mo-dulul lamelar) care for-meaz celule hexagona-le/ptrate ajut sedi-mentarea i face posibilreducerea zonei de suprafa a structurii.

Precipitatul formeaz un nmol care este stocatn partea inferioar a rezervorului de sedimentare ieste extras la intervale regulate.

Apa limpezit este colectat de un deversor i apoipompat ctre filtrele multimedia.

II.5. A PATRA FAZ DE TRATAREFiltrarea: eliminarea oricror solide n suspensie


EDITORIALSTAII COMPACTE PENTRU TRATAREAAPEI DE SUPRAFA 10 - 50 m3/hrmase n apa limpezit i mbuntirea caracteris-ticilor organoleptice ale apei prin reinerea sau re-ducerea concentraiei poluanilor.

II.5.1. FILTRAREA PE PAT DE NISIP CUAROS MUL-TISTRAT

Staiile compacte de tratare a apei SCT sunt pre-vzute cu un filtru automat cu pat de nisip cuarosmultistrat.

Filtrul automat cu pat de nisip cuaros este desti-nat reinerii din ap a suspensiilor solide care dau tur-biditate apei, de tipul: nisip, ml, rugin, etc. Acestlucru se realizeaz la trecerea apei prin mediul fil-trant format din mai multe straturi de nisip cuaroscu diferite granulaii.

Dimensionarea acestui filtru a fost facut pentruo vitez de filtrare demax. 10 m3/m2/h.

Procesul de splareinvers a mediului fil-trant este necesar cndcderea de presiune pefiltru atinge 0.8-1.0 barii const n splarea in-vers a patului filtrant,de jos n sus, splare ncare impuritile reinu-te sunt ndeprtate.

Acest proces este urmat de o scurt pauz de de-cantare, pentru a permite patului de filtrare s seaeze n poziia corect, sub aciunea gravitaiei.

Construcia acestui filtru este robust, recipientulfiltrului fiind realizat din oel carbon protejat anti-coroziv la interior cu un strat de rin epoxidic deuz alimentar, iar la exterior cu un strat de rin poli-uretanic rezistent. Patul filtrant aflat n interiorulacestui recipient este format din straturi succesivede granule de nisip cuaros cu form sferoidal, carepermit o curgere uoar a apei, precum i o filtrarebun chiar i la un debit mare de ap.

Filtrul este prevzut cu un siste

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