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48.Markthe correct meaning of the sentence:Betty sold her uncles boat after his death.

b. Bettys uncle died49Markthe correct meaning of the sentence:

Not one football player has bought enough insurance.

a. None of the players is sufficiently insured50.Markthe correct meaning of the sentence:George gets better grades in sport than he does in English.a.Georges grades in English are not so good as his grades in sport

45.Testing comprehension. Choose the good answer after you read the conversation:Could you please book me on the next flight out to London?

- Im sorry, Sir. Continental doesnt fly to Boston.Why dont you try Delta orLufthansa? c.He will probably get a ticket for a flight on Delta or Lufthansa

125Testing comprehension. Fill in the blanks in the following text with the wordslisted below. Modify theirform if necessary:

Anxiety, communication, needs, aggressive, wishes, assertive, passive, feelings,negotiate, win, self-confi-denceOver the past few years, many people have learned another way of behaving, a middlecourse between being(1).....PASSIVE.......... or (2)..AGGRESSIVE..., the (3)....ASSERTIVE....... way. It is a way of communicating clearly ones (4)NEEDS....,(5)...........WISHES.....and/or(6)...........FEELINGS...... while atthe same tome respecting the needs, wishes and feelings of others. It is notabout (7)...........WINNING... all the time, rather more about(8).............NEGOTIATING.............. lifewithout constant (9)............ANXIETY... or lack of (10).............SELF-CONFIDENCE...... It is usually a more appropriate and a more effective formof (11).........COMMUNICATION..60. Testing comprehension. Match the elements of communication with the types ofcommunication: c. using your hands, body, voice and face to send messages61. Testing comprehension. Match the elements of communication with the types ofcommunication: Technical jargon a. being able to chatter in any situations,understanding and being understood62. Testing comprehension. Match the elements of communication with the types ofcommunication: Learning to take turns in talking d.conveyance of meaning in

unfamiliar contexts requires practice in the use of the appropriate register or style ofspeech63. Testing comprehension. Match the elements of communication with the types ofcommunication: Assertiveness trening b. practicing to speak fluently, clearly andconfidently when stating views42. Testing comprehension. Read the text below and specify what type of holidaythe speaker likes and the reasons why: Well, my perfect kind of holiday is a walkingholiday in beautiful, sunny hilltops around the MediterraneanId say the South ofFrance orerperhaps Spain or Northern Majorca, phaps the hills round Tuscany.Beautiful, beautiful countryside, walking, drinking, sleeping, lovelyb. walkingholiday, beautiful countryside, walking, drinking, sleeping

43. Testing comprehension. Read the text below and specify what type of holidaythe speaker likes and the reasons why: I go to my friends cabin in Northern Vermont

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near the Canadian border, park the car, walk about five miles. Nearest civilisation is alittle country store with a wood stove, storekeeper with a check shirt, and you have toreally go out of your way to see people. c.cabin in the countryside, being away fromother people and from civilisation44. Testing comprehension. Read the text below and specify what type of holiday

the speaker likes and the reasons why: I like contrasts, so I love sailing and beingcompletely isolated, just the wind blowing and the sea and the colours of the sky, andthen arriving somewhere in the evening and joining people and then being able to getaway from them again so you can relax in two different environments...... d. beingisolated on the sea; arriving somewhere in the evening and joining people31. Testing concept review-Most social scientists today agree with the statement: c.Genes and environmentinteract in the process of human development-The agent of socialization that functions to remove young people from the idea thatwhatever they do is special is: c. the school-One of the primary differences between peers and parents as agents of socialization

is that: c. peers and parents have different, conflicting values-The looking-glass self consists of: a.how we image others see us-Young people play at being mothers and fathers, cops and robbers, Hollywoodstars and sports heroes. All of these examples of role playing illustrate: c. anticipatorysocialization-Some researchers maintain that the female equivalent of the male midlife crisis is:c.the empty nest syndrome-Which of the following is NOT one of the problems associated with prime-time T.V.:c. TV alters the traditional influences of the family,friends, and school-Studies of unfortunate children who have been reared in near-total isolation showthey: d. catch up with others their age if given proper nutrition and tender care-Some sociologists saw one of the major psychological tasks of childhood asachievinga. identity-A major difference between human cultures and other animals designs for living isthat culture: c. is transmitted through learning-T.A particular communication is successful if the others are willing to understandand decode a message as well.T-F.Almost all contemporary sociologists saw socialization as a cooperative effort inwhich the individual develops a sense of self in relationship to others, and society isrecreated as a generalized other in the

individuals mind.-F.Assertiveness supposes being anxious and passive.-T.Body language is another way of conveying meaning to people around us.-T.Contemporary psychologists examined systematically the changes people undergofollowing adolescence and they viewed several stages in life as presenting new crisesthat require new adjustments.-T.Contemporary sociologists interested in social development, try to determine howsocial interaction shapes the individuals identity or sense of self.-T.Contemporary sociologists see development as a results of the interaction ofgenetic potential and socially derived factors.-T.If human behaviour were genetically determined, children would develop

characteristically human behaviour

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patterns, with or without social interaction; and males and females in one culturewould behave in much the same way as their counterparts in another.-T.Parents socialize their children into the world they know, the one into which they(the parents) have been socialized, and with which they are most comfortable.-T.Peers provide young people with their first experience with egalitarian

relationships, opportunities to test what they are taught by adults, and group supportfor developing alternative norms and values.-F.People start to interact with those around them when they are teen-agers.-T.Reference groups (positive or negative) are used by individuals both as models andas measures of self-worth as they move through the life cycle.-T.School offers a systematic practice in a great range of communicative activities.-T.Social Darwinists (and others) argued that a persons character and position insociety is determined by experience.-T.Socialization is the lifelong process of social interaction that can transform aninfant into a child thirsting for knowledge, perhaps a rebellious teenager, a worker, aspouse, and parent, and eventually into an elder member of society.

-T.Some contemporary sociologists showed that our self-images are largely a reactionto what we see in other peoples responses toward us (the looking-glass self)-F.Television can never encourage pro-social behaviour and provide positive models.-F.The family is perhaps the weakest basic agent of socialization in that it is the last,and possibly the least impportant influence on the individual.-F.The mass media (especially television) represent the most important agent ofsocialization, never controversial.-T.The psychologist Erik Erikson was primarily interested in personality: how theindividual develops characteristic ways of thinking and behaving.-T.The school does not give youngsters experience in dealing with a large,

bureaucratic organization in which the same rules are not supposed to apply toeveryone and individuals are valued in terms of their appearance.-T.There are five primary agents of socialization that operate both independently andinterdependently: the family, school, peer groups, mass media, and refernce groups.-F.There arent too many changes that people undergo as they mature and grow older.-T.There is evidence that violence or primetime programmes encourages aggressive

behaviour and that commercials promote sex stereotyping.-F.When interacting the meaning is always one-sided.40. Testing concept review. Case study-Ms. Lara Brown is thirty-four years old and vice president of a bank.Her friendsthink of her as one of the most successful career women they know. Suddenly, she

finds herself looking at babies and wondering if the man she is dating will propose.Ms. Lara Brown is: a. thinking about settling down-Jims father is a senior partner in a large London law firm; his mother is head of aschool. Most of their friends are as successful and career-oriented as they are; Jim hasno interest in what he sees outside his home; he wants to be a cabinet-maker.His

parents and their circle of friends serve as a: d.positive reference group68. Testing concept review. Match the words with the definitions:-absenteeism / c. frequent absence from work or school-agent of socialization c.An individual, group, or organization that influences a

persons behaviour and sense of self-anticipatory socialization a.Learning about and practicing a new role before one is

in a position to play that role-anxious / b. troubled and uneasy in mind

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-ego / b. the rational part of the personality that serves as a mediator-empty nest syndrome / a. the dissatisfaction and depression women may feel atmidlife when their children leave home and their husbands are still engrossed incareers-generalized other / a. term for the internalized image of the structure and norms

of society as a whole-id / b. the reservoir of innate, primitive, asocial, sexual, and aggressive urges withwhich a child is born-identity crisis / d. the inability to reconcile the image one has of her/ himselfwith actual skills, potential and activities, or with the image she/he has based onother peoples expectations-looking-glass self / c. the images we have of ourselves, based upon ourobservations of how other people react toward us-midlife crisis / c. the turmoil that may affect individuals life during middle-age-negative reference group / b.a group that a person rejects and does not want to join inthe future

-personality / d. the individuals patterns of behaviour or thought-positive reference group / e.a group that a person would like to join in the future-reference group / a. a group or social category that an individual uses as a guidein developing his/her values, attitudes, behaviour, and self-image-self b. The individuals sense of identity or Who I am-significant others / c. people whose evolutions a person holds in high esteem--Socialization d.the process whereby one acquires a sense of personal identity andlearns what people in the surrounding culture believe and how they expect one to

behave-strain / e. pressure-stress / d. unable to relax, nervous-tense / a. Tension51. Testing grammar. b. The duties of the new secretary are to answer the phone,to type letters, and to do the bookkeeping.-b. The members of the team are young, enthousiastic and talented.57. Testing grammar. Choose the best tense to complete each sentence:1. Sally TOLD/TOLD ME/WILL TELL ME/WOULD TELL me she had lost thecatalogue.2. This is confidential, please dont SAY/TELL/SAID/YOU SAID anything about it.3. This is confidential, please dont SAY/TELL/SAID/YOU SAY anyone about it.4. I SAID/TOLD/DO SAID/DO TOLD them about the meal, and they

SAID/TOLD/DO SAID/DO TOLD they would come.5. You see, TOLD/SAID/WILL TELL/WILL SAY Steve, I alwaysTOLD/SAID/WILL TELL/WILL SAY you would get a promotion.53. Testing grammar. Choose the correct tense to complete the sentense:-Dont hesitate! Buy these shoes! They . b. are worn ...very well.-What did you tell the shop assistant when your turn.. c had come...?-They (1).. c. said.....they (2)... c.were going...to leave for France at the beginning ofAugust.59. Testing grammar. Choose the proper verb:

1. You must/ neednt save a file before you turn the computer off, or you will lose it.2. Im afraid this is a non-smoking office, so you havent got to / cant smoke in here.

3. You mustnt / dont have to come to the meeting if you have more important thingsto do.

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30. Testing grammar. Choose the right solution:1. I regret they dont take my- b. I wish they took my proposal into account2. She often complains about- a. I wish she didnt complain about everything3. I dont receive many letters- a. I wish to receive more letters4. They didnt attend the lecture- a. They wish they have attended the lecture

58. Testing grammar. Choose the right verbal form:1. When will you let us know your decision? , they asked me. They asked mewhen I WILL/WOULD/WILL HAVE let them know my decision.2. Are you feeling all right?, she asked me. She asked me ifI AM/HADBEEN/WAS FEELING all right.3. Do you know the author?, he asked me. He asked me ifI KNOW/HAVEKNOWN/KNEW the author.4. Why has it taken so long?, he asked. He asked me why it HASTAKEN/TOOK/HAD TAKEN so long.84. Testing grammar. Match the actual sentences with the reported statements:-Im going fishing this afternoon said the boy. / d. The boy said he was going

fishing that Afternoon-`It isnt so foggy today as it was yesterday, I remarked. / a. I remarked it wasntso foggy that day as it had been a day before.-One day Ill go away and youll be sorry, she said / b. She said one day shewould go away and they would be sorry.-You havent paid me quite enough, he pointed out. / c. He pointed out I hadnt

paid him quite enough.-`We like working on Sundays because we get double pay, explained the buiders. /e.The builders explained they liked working on Sundays because they got double pay.113. Testing grammar. Match the adjectives with the descriptions:-dramatic / a. a sudden, very large change-slight / c. a very small change-sharp / b. a sudden, large change-steady / d. a regular change (not sudden)89. Testing grammar. Match the following commands and requests to thereported forms:-Could you sign the book please? / c. He asked me to sign the book.-Could I have a cup of coffee? / b. She asked for a cup of coffee-Dont use bent coins in a slot machine / a. He told me not to use bent coins in aslot machine.-Please dont smoke / d. He asked me not to smoke.

-Sit down / e. He told me to sit down.64. Testing grammar. Match the sentence to the corresponding sentences-I havent a clue about it. / c. If only I knew the definition-If he hadnt been so impatient, he would have been better appreciated / d. Ifonly he hadnt been so hasty-I wish he would come / a. If only he would come-I wish I had met her before / b. If only I had met her before107. Testing grammar. Match the words and phrases with similar meanings:-adverse effects / c. unfavourable changes-compact things / b. dont take up much space-high stability / a. doesnt fall over easily

-low voice / d. not loud-portable typewriters / f. easy to pick up and carry

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-robust construction / e. strongly made117. Testing grammar. Match to the conclusions-My boss is looking for another job. / a. He is going to leave the company-The company is in serious financial difficulty. / c. It is going to go bankrupt-We should have left much earlier. / b. We are going to be late

26. Testing meaning. Choose the best synonym:-Better communicating means better understanding of ourselves and others; lessisolationn from around us and more PRODUCTIVE, happy lives. a. Prolific-Formal TRAINING in the classroom affords us an opportunity to gain systematic

practice in an even greater range of communicative activities. b. education-Whereas a babys cry will be enough to bring a mother running with a clean nappyand warm milk in one instance, it may produce no RESPONSE at all in another. c.reaction-We learn very soonn that the success of a particular communication strategy dependson the WILLINGNESS of others to understand and on the interpretation they give toour meaning. c. consent

46. Testing reading comprehension. What is the advertisement about?During this Holiday Season youll be glad that you took pictures.Go, get your KodakColor film to Foto-land; this week only, two rolls for $3.25.Remember,good picturesstart with good films, and Kodak Color is the best! b. Film and film processing120. Testing vocabulary. Match the adjectives from job advertisements with the goodexplanations to show your abilities:If you are:-bilingual / d. you can speak two languages-flexible / a. you can adapt to changing circumstances-logical / e. you can think clearly-persuasive / b. you can make others see your viewpoint-pragmatic / c. you can find practical solutions99. Testing vocabulary. Match the words to the words to form collocations (words thatgo together) :-crowded / e. Airports-delayed / h. Flights-deeply / a. disappointed-family / f. Relationships-high / d. hopes-physical / c. Fitness-recharge / b. your batteries

-vicious / g. Circle47. Testing vocabulary. Replace the underlined word by a synonymous one:The coach CONCEALED his disappointment when he wasnt invited to the party. b.hide