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Poliomielita

Cornelia Florescu , studenta anul 3

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-polis = cenusiu ; myels = maduva spinarii

-paralizia infantila

-produsa de virusul poliomielitic

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Transmitere

-fecal- orala

-virusul colonizeaza tractul gastrointestinal

-perioada de incubatie 6-20 de zile

-transmitere influentata de clima

-factori ce cresc riscul de infectare imunodeprimarea , malnutritia , amigdalectomia

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Virusul Poliomielitic

-Enterovirus din familia Picornaviridae

-Alcatuit din ARN si o proteina ce formeaza

capsida

-3 serotipuri : PV1 , PV2 , PV3

-tract gastrointestinal -> sange -> muschi ->SNC

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Ciclul de viata al virusului

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Manifestari Procent de cazuri

Asimptomatic 90-95%

Manifestari minore 4-8%

Meningita asepticaneparalitica

1

-2%

Poliomielita paralitica 0.1-0.5%

-poliomielita spinala 79%din cazurile paralitice

-poliomielita spinobulbara 19%din cazurile paralitice

-poliomielita bulbara 2%din cazurile paralitice

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Poliomielita spinala

-cea mai intalnita forma

-invadeaza neuronii motori din maduvaspinarii

-paralizie asimetrica

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Poliomielita bulbara

-e distrusa substanta alba din bulb

- Nervi afectati : IX,X,XI (V ,VII)

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Poliomielita spinobulbara

-poliomielita respiratorie

-paralizia diafragmului

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Plamanul de fier

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Diagnostic

-exudat faringian

-punctie LCR

-determinareAc din sange

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Preventie

- Imunizarea pasiva

- Vaccinare

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Vaccinarea

- Primul vaccin efectuat in 1950

- 2 tipuri de vaccinuri

- Forme de administrare : orala , injectabila

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Evolutia bolii

- Primele insemne in Egiptul Antic

- 1900-izbucnesc epidemii in Europa si S.U.A

- 1950- s-au inregistrat cele mai multe cazuri de

poliomielita paralitica

- 2010 aprilie 430 cazuri in Tajikistan

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Bibliografie

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1005405

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC25

57586/pdf/10083724.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliomyelitis#History

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8552/

http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_04_29/en/index

.html http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/content/outbreak-

notice/polio-tajikistan-russia-central-asia.aspx