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Dgye`a Zaegp, Jpykal, #1787$1737', rnl+ G

Vygdpl rnlpd al Jpykalplpg ueygg}nyplpg Dgye`a Zaegp u` m`uecgm` ep pkAyhpd`k}k eay` ueygg}nypl dy}pygu`}` e ke m` la ryu}a m` 1= akg ar`a nige`gpl m` a

bae` ku`dkyg zglkge`, may e kp a y`pg} u aenv`y` k}n}m`apka eal`kmaypl m`nay`e`akpdg}` `r`kgd`k}` l$ap dvg`mgea} u ueyg`+ Ra y`pg u upyvygkm k kn}`l` ual` uvagply`al k eay` a }yg} g rgaa lg}`yay enk}`dvnyak lpg+ Ap}nypl k` a}yah` a}`kga aupvyaeayae}`yplpg upig`e}gr al lpeyygg, eayae}`y vynvygp nygeypg jpykal+ K$ad ueygu gu}nyga pk`g

v`ygnam`, eg }ygy`a `g k`dgjlneg} g, vygk pyday`, upig`e}gr1+ Ap}nypl u$a ugdg} a}yau m`rgaa ueygg}nyge`aue m`nay`e` n enkugm`ya n bnyd m` ualray`, vygk gk}`yd`mgplunegaiglg}gg, k baa pkpg y`hgd e` ar`a la iaz keaye`yay`a g eay` ra y`pg u m`u}yad`nyge` pyd m` y`zgu} k gk} l`e}pal, aegnkkm ugu}`da}ge g enku}ak} k r`m`y`amguey`mg}ygg gk}`l`e}palglny+

Jpykalpllpg D+ Zaegp ra upyvygkm` pl}gdpl m`e`kgp m` endpkgud, v`ygnama 1787$

1737, gay rnlpdpl G u` nvy`}` aupvya akglny 1787, 1736, 1731, kec`gkmp$u` k = gpkg`1739+ Jpykalpl aipkm k gkbnydagg g y`p`}` u enk}py`z` n gdahgk` a rg`gg gae}grg}gg ueygg}nyplpg, a gk}`l`e}palg}gg yndk`}g vygk ae}grg}gl` Pkgpkgg Ueygg}nyglnyYndkg g a ygg+

Vygk al`hnyga kpd`lny bnlnug}` m` ueygg}ny, m` `s`dvlp: y`vy`z`k}akgg enkmpe`yggla kgr`l lneal, upk} kpdgg ua}yavg, i}ykgg ueygg}nyg mgk Pkgpk` aga}nlacg,avaya}egeg, Ky+1, vyn}neynkg, G`yigrnypl, Vnv`uep Mpdk`z`p uap ,,M`y`pl,Hyni`g, egndhayg, V`yunaka, dgkgu}ya.ugkgu}ya, Upzw uap Dadda L`nk`, g

vygk p}glgzay`a gkggal`lny kpd`lpg, Jpykalpl}` vnay} ep hkmpl la e`l`iya al`hnyg` a lpg

Mgdg}yg` Eak}`dgyGu}nyga g`ynhlgbge, mgb`y`k`l` mgk}y` e`l` mnp lpeyyg gkkm m`}`dvnyalg}a}` g lgdiaj, m`nay`e` y`la}ay`a pny al`hnyge a `r`kgd`k}`lny enk}`dvnyak`lpg D+ Zaegp `u}` vlaua} k pl}gdgg z`e` akg ag y`hgdplpg endpkgu} g upk} ueygu` k}y$nlgdi ae}pal+ Ap}nypl ra `svlgea la pk dnd`k} ma} #la v+ 178' }`yd`kgg.kpd`l` m`Adgmal, G`yigrny, ]`nygeg+

V` }n} vayepyupl vygdplpg rnlpd mgk Jpykalrnd k}lkg mgr`yu` kn}` m` l`e}py,gdvy`ugg zglkge` l`ha}` m` ay}genl`l` eg}g}` m` ueygg}ny k vy`ua ry`dgg uap m` `dgugpkgl`Yamgn apmga}`, rnd k}lkg enku`dkay`a mgr`yu`lny ae}grg}g zglkge`, k}lkgyg, mguepgg,end`k}aygg, adgk}gyg mgk }gk`y`` }y`zg}` m` lnepygl` vygk eay` }y`e`, rgzg}`l` mgk ay g mgku}ygk}a}`+ Ap}nypl el}ny`}` am`u`a vygk ay m`nay`e` }y`ipg` u vay}gegv` k mgr`yu`

nya` la end`dnyyg, k}ypkgyg, u`ugpkg }ggkgbge` uap pkgr`yug}ay`, may dag al`u lagkuv`egg+ Au}b`l rny bg enku`dka}` }na}` gkuv`eggl` `b`e}pa}` g lnepygl` v` eay` l`$argzg}a}, lnepyg v` eay` am`u`a l` hu`}` uecgdia}` ba m` adgk}gygl` v` eay` l` vu}yau`mgk }gk`y``+ Ma}nyg} ae`u}ny gkuv`egg D+ Zaegp ra y`pg u enk}py`z` vny}y`}pl pk`g ygm`rau}a}` m` endpkgud g gkmpu}ygalgzay` `se`ugr g gk`bgeg`k}, vy`z`k}km bg`eay` nyak vay}` mgk mnp v`yuv`e}gr`:

1' aa epd l$a vu}ya} k adgk}gygl` ual` mgk }gk`y``?

Dgye`a Zaegp,Ayhpd`k}, kJpykal#1787$1737', rnl+G, Elpj$Kavnea, @mg}pya Maega, 1775, v+81

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9' aa epd avay` aepd m`rau}a} m` dnyipl endpkgudplpg, epya} m` nyge` pyd apk`g rg`g epl}pyal$gk}`l`e}pal` yndk` ae}gr`+ Au}b`l, k enlg v`y`gg upk} pdvlpg eplnzgkeg endpkgu}`, gay }ailnpygl` ueygg}nyglny e`l`iygg uap y`vynmpe`ygl` pkny vge}nyg m`daye upk} aypkea}` k vgrkg`+ Endpkg}gg mpekm n eadvakg` ughpy m` h`k`yalgzay` amguvy`plpg ba m` epl}py k h`k`yal, ueygg}nyg g lg}`ya}py k uv`egal+

Ae}grg}gl` mgr`yglny ueygg}nyg uap nad`kg m` epl}py mgk ae`a ry`d`?m`zadhgygl` pk`g v`ygnam` }plipyg? dpadalgzyg? end`k}ay`a pkny vnl`dgeg uap a e`lnyeay` mgk mnygka m` a$g r`m`a kpd`l` v`u}` }n} dvynae ep knyng v` }na} lpd`a?gku}alay`a }y`v}a}, may ughpy a e`kzpygg `se`ugr`? ke`yeygl` y`hgdplpg endpkgu} m` algecgma e} dag y`v`m` pdiya m` gk}`l`e}palg}a}` e` dag ydu`u`? mgr`yu`l` dak`ry`al` aenlgglny y`hgdplpg g ke`yeygl` pkny ueygg}nyg m` a$g vu}ya gk}`hyg}a}`a k vayal`l ep}ymay`a al}nya, eay` v`k}yp a$g vu}ya bpkeggl` y`epyh la endvyndgupyg uap vnl`dgeg,k vy`ua ry`dgg, ypgknau`? }na}` upk} upyvygku` v` cy}g` m` dka ueygg}nyplpg, eay`y`p`}` au}b`l u enk}py`z` pk }ailnp rgp al ae`lny akg+ M` `s`dvlp k 1787 ueygg}nypl a

arp} vynil`d` mgk eapza Mgegnkayplpg Ueygg}nygg Yndkg, v` eay` l$a ennymnka},mgegnkay eay` k egpma ralnygg ual` `u}` eyg}gea} v`k}yp e k `l kp avay kpd` m` ueygg}nygd`mgneyg, may avyghg upugk}nyg ag y`hgdplpg+ Au}b`l, ennymnka}nygg rny y`ueyg` lgu}aueygg}nyglny mgk mgegnkay d`kgnkkm g ueygg}nygg d`mgneyg, uv`ykm e ra bg y`vpilgea},may kgeg aa kp ` igk` m`nay`e` u` e`y a bg }y`epg g ueygg}nygg dahcgayg g h`ydakg, ecgaymae mgegnkaypl u` gk}g}pla Ueygg}nyg Yndkg+ Pk `s`dvlp m` vnl`dge, }n} k ae`lag ak:ueakmalpl mgk jpypl yndakplpg Gkenhkg}n m` @ph`k Iayip, aepza} m` H`n Inhza m`

vlahga}+Ueygg}nypl `u}` am`u`a a}aea} k vy`u, dag al`u k Uv}dka #@+ Iayip', a}pkeg

ekm lpv} v`k}yp abgyday`a am`ryplpg? m` `s`dvlp k 1787 `u}` aepza} m` a bg vygku kdabga `ry`` v`k}yp e a gkp} pk mguepyu k eay` vl`ma v`k}yp l`halg}a}` g m`nk}nlnhg` keazpl m` vlahga} a lpg @+ Iayip? aegpk`a m` vnk`hygy` `u}` mpu k Uv}dka m` @+Iayip, avng m` aenlg}pl uap Mak Egaecgy+ Eadvakgg k`my`v}` k vy`u ap bnu} mpu`dvn}ygra dpl}ny v`yunak`, m` `s`dvlp k 1731 k Uv}dka g k Yndkga lg}`yayavay ay}genl` dvn}ygra lpg K+ Daknl`uep uap k 1739 }n} Uv}dka g k Lpe`abyplu` ke`yea mguey`mg}ay`a dayglny eyg}geg vygk}y` eay` @+ Lnrgk`uep? D+ Zaegp niu`yr eke`}, may ughpy, lgu}a y`rgu}`lny la eay` dag vng vpilgea e`ra u` dgeny`az, v`u}` }n}ay}genl`l` upk} }ga}`, e`kzpya}` uap uecgdia}`, k eazpl k eay` upk} vpilgea}`+ Lgi`y}a}`a`svy`ug`g `u}` kelea}+

Jpykalplra vy`z`k}a g rgaa epl}pyal$lg}`yay mgk Elpj g Ipepy`}g g jnepygl` m`eplgu` mgk e`l` mnp nya`+ Ea pkgr`yug}ay elpj`ak D+ Zaegp ra vy`z`k}a ae}grg}gl`gk}`l`e}palg}gg elpj`k`, ae}grg}a}`a y`rgu}`g @ecgkns g a e`lny e` u` nepvap m` `a, mayg `bny}pygl` M`y`plpg m` a uain}a ae`au} y`rgu} g m` a n m`ubggka+ k ae`lag }gdv raenk}pya g gdahgk`a Elpjplpg k mgr`yu` akn}gdvpyg+ Ea d`diyp al Pkgpkgg Ueygg}nyglny ra

vy`z`k}a Ipepy`}gpl g ae}grg}gl` Pkgpkgg+ Au}b`l, upk} enku`dka}`: `mgk`l` m`Enkuglgp? apmg`k` la enkmpe`y`a u}a}plpg, m` `s`dvlp apmg`ka mgk 15 ne}ndiyg` 1736 kpyda ey`ga ap bnu} uecgdiag dplg d`diyg ag Pkgpkgg, kelekmp$u` gm``a m`dneya}ge

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a al`h`yglny v` eyg}`ygg m` ralnay`, u`l`eg`, nvgpk` lgi`y g u}a}p}pl Pkgpkgg? uap apmg`kamgk 15 day}g` 1731 eay` vy`r`u}`a `r`kgd`k}` k`ha}gr`? upk} vy`z`k}a}`, m` au`d`k`a`mgk` al` Pkgpkgg, vynvpk`yg m` vyng`e}`, enlnergg, mgr`yu` pk`l}gyg g vlakpyg l`ha}` m`Enkb`ygka v` ay a Pkgpkgg mgk gplg` 1731? Enkb`ygka vynvygp$zgu g gdvpk`y`a m`upu a knplpg igynp? eadvakga rnala} m` m`zrnl}ay` a Pkgpkgg Ueygg}nyglny g a y`rgu}`lny`g? avay enku`dka}` k Jpykal g mgr`yu` ay}genl`.vadbl`}` e` ap guea} enkblge}`, m``s`dvlp: vadbl`}pl lpg Bkp K`ahp la amy`ua lpg H`n Inhza, enkblge}` k aa b`layakja}` ke} u mguey`mg}`z` Pkgpk`a+ N m`hygkhnlam epd n kpd`a D+ Zaegp e` ar`aea uenv m`ubggkay`a Pkgpkgg ma}nyg} eayae}`yplpg m`dneya}ge al `mgk`lny+ ]n} v`k}yp auain}a epl}pya g gk}`l`e}palg}a}`a yndk enkmpe`y`a y`mpe`.}ag` nknyayggl` k ae`u}u`e}ny, e`y` ey`}`y`a vyne`k}plpg m` eyg m` }ggk g }`ckge k m`}ygd`k}pl e`lnylg}`yay`? ke`aye n y`k}aiglgzay` a mnd`kgplpg epl}pyal+ Avay }n} dag dpl}` dp}glygal` lpeyyglny pkny ueygg}nyg, nv`ya}` m` mgr`yg aenlgg ag y`hgdplpg+ k 99 m`e`diyg` 1736a arp} lne b`u}grg}a}`a m` m`e`ykay` a vy`dgglny v`k}yp akpl 1787, `r`kgd`k} e`$g v`ydg}`

ap}nyplpg Jpykalplpg u enku}a}` ava}ga h`k`yal e` a epvygku lnepg}nygg Ipepy`}gplpg gueygg}nygg, ava}g` e` u` ra }yakubnyda dag avng k byge+ Baza y`vy`ugr vy`h}g} igk` mgk36 u` enkey`}gz`az k 1731 ekm Pkgpk`a kp dag vna}` al`h`, k dnm m`dneya}gekgdge, aepd nyge` vyng`e} }y`e` dag k}g v` la bnypygl` upv`ygnay`+ U` ey``az kng enalgggg hypvyg k bpkeg` m` gk}`y`u`, k}y` ueygg}nyg+ ]n} dag dplg ueygg}nyg, kupg ap}nypl, upk}

vpg upi niu`yrag`, auepl}ag, pydygg g e`ye`}ag d`y`p+ D+ Zaegp enku}a} e ueygunygl`g ajpkh ep n lpk uap dag dpl} k}yzg`y` uap m`lne+ Enku`dk`az, au}b`l, u}ay`a m`upbneay` v` eay` n ugd}` ueygg}nypl e` ` enku}yku u uvpk jpd}g m` am`ry uap u$gy`vygd` vy`ygl`? u}ay`a m` nvy`ugpk`, m` ad`kgkay`, m` }`kugpk`+ Ueygg}nygg vl`eag ku}ygk}a}` upk} mguey`mg}ag, gay eygl` lny gk}`yzgu`+ U` vpk` ecgay vynil`da m`ubggkyggAeam`dg`g uap a d`}adnybnzygg `g g a m`ubggkygg ]`a}yplpg Kagnkal, }yakubnyda} kUala Ek}ygg Yndkg`g+ Al}pyg m` ae`u}` `r`kgd`k}` D Zaegp vy`zgk} g mgr`ygueygg}nyg }gk`yg uap i}ykg, badglgg m` ueygg}nyg #bad+ Y`iy`akp', gk}`ygnay` m` eau`, vg`u`m` }`a}yp, `svnzggg, rgzgnkyg m` bgld`, enke`y}`, ueakmalpyg m` la mgr`yu` y`rgu}` #`s+Lpe`abypl kpdgy`a lpg Mak Bypk}`la} ea y`mae}ny$`b', kdnydk}yg, m` `s`dvlpdnay}`a g zrnkpygl` e` ap egyepla} k l`h}py ep D+ Vy`ma g bpk`yalggl` ueygg}nyplpg,rgzg}` la mgr`yg vyg`}`kg g mguepgg ep ae`}ga, k}lkgyg ep vge}nyg, ueplv}nyg #`s: DgcaglEayakgea'+

Ug}paga ` mgk e` k e` dag updiy kp mnay k vlak epl}pyal, may g k vlak unegal:

algd`k}`l` gdvny}ak}` lgvu`ue, avay enzgl` gk}`ydgkaigl`, k ay g k }na}` gku}g}pggl` yggmndk`}` n dgz`yg` m` k`m`ueygu: k enlg vmpecg, k uvg}al` gkb`egg, ninlakg?algd`k}`l` upk} upvygda}`? enzg kne}pyk` la i`kzgk? m` la 3 u`aya k Ipepy`}g g avng}y`v}a} k ay u` ga epy`k}pl? }na}` u` uepdv`ue, dpl}` algd`k}` mguvay g m` v` eay}`l? u`ugu}`az gdvny}pl m` d`mgead`k}`? hyakg`l` u` kecgm? vgk`a `u}` yagnkalgza}+Vynil`d` dayg k }na}` u`e}nay`l` uneg`}gg, }n}pl `u}` enk}ynla} m` upu+ Enkmpe`y`a bae``bny}pyg u auepkm g u dpadalgz`z` ae}`l` m` m`lgker`k, m` al}b`l rgzgigl`+ V` u}yzg,k avynav` }na}` nya`l` ygg ap lne ae}` m` rgnl`k knav}`a, dpl}` v`yunak` upk}

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iyp}algza}` g ay`u}a}` m` dglgg` uap m` u`epyg}a}` eay` m`rgk` mgk e` k e` dag mpy+Amygaka, bggea ueygg}nyplpg, g ra vnr`u}g epd k pkgr`yug}g u}pm`kgg u}ygkg vygd`ue kn}`dayg m`nay`e` bae vynb`unyglny mgr`yu` eamnpyg, algd`k}` uap vynmpu` e` kp u` dag hu`uek end`y, gay ueygg}nypl ra kn}a }n}pl k jpykalpl up+ La pk dnd`k} ma} ra enku}a}a eegk`ra v}ypkm` gl`hal k igynpl lpg g$g r`ygbge aycgra Mgegnkayplpg #l ikpg`}` v`,,Hnhnl u`ey`}aypl pk`g uneg`}g bglnlnhge`'+ k pyda pkpg y`vny}aj dahcgay m`uvy`ug}paga mgk Yndkga upk} gk}`yzgu` nyge` l`h}pyg ep ueygg}nygg dahcgayg+ k ae`lag }gdvueygg}nypl ra kn}a g ueakmalpygl` e` ap mpu la uecgdiay`a pkny d`diygg ag enkmpe`ygg, m``s`dvlp: ueakmalpl guea} m` m`uenv`ygy`a pkny vyae}geakg m` wnha g d`mg}ag` g ablay`apkny kpd` gdvny}ak}` gdvlgea}`, au}b`l e n u`yg` m` eyg ap bnu} gk}`yzgu` v`k}yp e kenkgkp}pl lny uap v` env`y} avy`ap mgr`yu` eprgk}` uap gdahgkg enkugm`ya}` ugdinlpyg`zn}`yge`, epd ay bg dy, lpdkay` `}e+ g ae`u} ueakmal ra bg bnlnug} v`k}ypmguey`mg}ay`a gk}`l`e}palglny+

kJpykalplup, D+ Zaegp ra end`k}a g ra enku`dka g `r`kgd`k}`l` gdvny}ak}`

e` u` v`}y`e v`u}` hyakg`l` ygg g gdvlgeaggl` lny k ug}paga gk}`yk, m` `s`dvlp:`svakugpk`a Ypug`g rzp} mgk ay, ep}y`dpypl mgk Gphnularga 1736, y`ugdg} m` ueygg}nyla ]gdgnaya pkm` pyda u gk n enkb`ygk ep }g}lpl Ayhc`zg, uap ay}a m` a dpyg+ Al}``r`kgd`k}` `s}`yk`: eygza mgk Vnlnkga, yzingpl gyakn$gyaogak g upvygday`aavynrgzgnkygg ep v`}ynl e` ra ar`a ea g eapz` gd`mga}` l`hgl` m` y`mpe`yg, m` `s`dvlp:y`mpe`y`a r`kg}pyglny k epl}py, m`elayay`a ar yglny `}e+ Al} `r`kgd`k} `s} yk`:ep}y`dpypl mgk Hy`ega 1731, a}`k}a}pl dvn}ygra lpg Y`ahak #56 day}g` 1731', a}`k}a}plmgk Vnlnkga dvn}ygra Vav`g #1= dag 1731' `}e+

Kp pg} u kn}`z`, ecgay mae bphay g yay, gkbnydagg m`uvy` badglga ua: dnay}`adad g g advy`k}a v` eay` n lau k upbl }pl ueygg}nyplpg, inala }a}lpg, y`algzygl` bgplpgYamp, eay` la kgeg 13 akg enk}ygipg` la m`zrnl}ay`a da}`da}gegg yndk`}g, y`pg}`l`Amygak`g eay` `u}` u}pm`k} la d`mgegk, rgzg}ay`a ypm`lny g a lnepyglny ka}al` uap aua}plpg m` pkm` `ya nyghgkay dada ueygg}nyplpg #]`y`i`}g'+

Upk} enku`dka}` g rgzg}`l` k u}ygk}a}` g enkb`ygk`l` gkp}` v`u}` hyakg`l`ygg, m` `s`dvlp rgzg}a k Mak`dayea #1736' #ra kn}a enkb`ygk`l`, vyg`}`kgg k}lkgg,lnepygl` rgzg}a}`, mguepggl` vpy}a}`', uap enkb`ygk`l` m` la Onlk+

Kp pg} u$g kn}`z` g vyng`e}`l` lg}`yay` la eay` lpey`az, m` `s`dvlp: `u`pl Ayudnyg`kmg la ueygg}nygg yndkg, rnlpdpl E`aupyg m` u`ay ep Ahyige`akp g igk`k`l`u

Mgegnkaypleay` k 1739 ra vygdg kpd`l` m` N dg` m` ueygg}nyg yndkg+

Jpykalplaipkm k enkelpzgg y`algu}`, epd ` e`a mgk 91 day}g` 1787: Lpd`a `d`y`p k m`ygr uap k e``a e` vygr`}` unay}a ueygg}nyplpg enk}`dvnyak ap}nyplpg, uvy`m`nu`igy` m` ueygg}nypl gk}`yi`lge: Pk ueygg}ny gk}`yi`lge vp}`a u$g abgyd` v`yunkalg}a}`a

vl`kay+ @l ay` n ignhyabg` k eay` u` abl }n} e` a y`pg} u `svygd` vygk rngka g bnya ua:a ueygu nv`y`l` v` eay` l` rnga, a `mg}a} g enkmpu y`rgu}`, a bnyda} hypvyg, a arp} pke`kaelp uap a am`ya} la pkpl `}e+ k `}ava ae}pal ueygg}nypl kp ay` ignhyabga v` eay` rgy}pal ay bg vp}p} u g$n enku}ypgaue, bggkme kp dag m`vgkm` mnay m` lgi`ya lpgabgyday`, e} m` n upd`m`kg` m` bae}nyg `s}`ykg, pk`nyg }n}al ayig}yayg+ Au}b`l, ugdvla

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5/5

enku}a}ay` e pk ueygg}ny m` azg kp vna}` uena}` n y`rgu}, kp vna}` gk` pk e`kaelp, kpvna}` gku}g}pg pk vy`dgp lg}`yay, kp vna}` lua vnu}$dny}`d n bpkmag`, pk`nyg kp vna}``mg}a n eay}` _T, }na}` ae`u}`a balugbge v`yunkalg}a}`a g, k v`yuv`e}gr gu}nyge, gey``az n ignhyabg` al}a m`e} ugkhpy g$ay bg vp}p} m`}`ydgka+ Lnrgk`uep k$ay bg vp}p}`sgu}a azg1+

Mae akpl 1731 u` kec`ga ep pyd}nay`a enkelpzg`: Ubyg}pl lpg 31+ Ubyg}plpk`g glpzgg 9, rnlpdpl G u` kec`g` k = gpkg` 1739 upi apuvgeggl` eph`}yglny lpg Unyakanva, eph`}yg }ygdgu` ap}nyplpg: g k bgkal ae`u}` ykmpyg: