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CONTRIBUII LA STUDIUL CRETERII VACILOR DE LAPTE DIN RASABLAT CU NEGRU ROMNEASC N DOBROGEA

V. UJIC1, S. BULANCEA2, I. NISTOR3, V. MACIUC1, D. COZMA4, C.E. NISTOR1,GH. NEAGA3

1. Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai

2. D.G.A, Constana3. A.N.A.R.Z. Bucureti4. Ferma Doaga, Vrancea

vasileujic@yahoo.com

RezumatStudiul a fost efectuat pe o populaie de 1611 vaci BNR exploatate n 6 ferme reprezentative cu capital majoritar privat din

Dobrogea. Valorile medii fenotipice ale indicilor produciei de lapte pe lactaii succesive (I-VII) demonstreaz, n ansamblu, unnivel productiv relativ sczut, cuprins ntre 4342,03 kg lapte n lactaia I i 4463,45 kg lapte n lactaia a III-a, dar cu diferenemari de la ferm la alta. Cele mai bune performane au fost obinute n ferma Dairy Farm, care a realizat n primele trei lactaiipeste 5000 de kg de lapte pe lactaie normal i performane individuale de 9728 kg lapte n lactaia I-a, respectiv 10113 kg delapte n lactaia a II-a. Coninutul laptelui n grsime i proteine, pe ntreaga populaie din cele ase ferme din Dobrogea, s-asituat ntre 3,73% i 3,80% pentru grsime, respectiv 3,18% i 3,27%, pentru proteine. n populaia studiat au fost identificate 92de familii genetice de semisurori paterne, din care 53 familii au avut o producie medie de lapte superioar medie populaiei, care

a fost de 4342,03 kg lapte la prima lactaie, din care 20 de familii genetice cu media de peste 5000 kg lapte. Aceste structurigenetice constituie un genofond valoros pe baza cruia se poate concepe un program de ameliorare genetic a performanelorproductive n aceast populaie. n urma analizei vrstei la prima ftare pentru cele 1611 vaci din fermele studiate a rezultatvaloarea medie de 967,15 zile (32 luni i 7 zile), cu limite ntre 442 zile (14 luni i 22 zile) i 2002 zile (66 luni i 22 zile). Acestelimite extreme dovedete c managementul funciei de reproducie a fost deficitar i chiar unele greeli de exploatare. Este dereinut i faptul c pentru nsuirea de precocitate reproductiv cea mai bun s-a dovedit familia genetic a taurului indigen cod16866, a cror fiice au avut vrsta la prima ftare de 808,83 zile (26 luni i 28 zile), iar pentru durata de exploatare familiagenetic cod 11014 cu o medie de 4430,71 zile (14,5 lactaii normale).

Cuvinte cheie:producie de lapte, vaci BNR, familii genetice

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF REARING DAIRY COWS FROMROMANIAN BLACK PIED BREED IN DOBROGEA

V. UJIC1, S. BULANCEA2, I. NISTOR3, V. MACIUC1, D. COZMA4, C.E. NISTOR1,GH. NEAGA3

1 University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iai2. D.G.A., Constana

3. A.N.A.R.Z., Bucharest4. Doaga Farm, Vranceavasileujic@yahoo.com

Abstract

The study was conducted on a population of 1611 BNR cows exploited in 6 representative farms with private capital fromDobrogea. The mean phenotype values of the milk production indexes on successive lactations (1st-7th) enlightened, in assembly, acertain low productive level, ranged between 4342.03 kg of milk in 1st lactation and 4463.45 kg of milk in 3rd lactation, but withgreat differences from one farm to another. The best performances were obtained at Dairy Farm, which realised in the first three

lactations over 5000 kg of milk on normal lactation and individual performances of 9728 kg of milk in 1 st lactation, respectively10113 kg of milk in 2nd lactation. Milk content in fat and proteins, on the whole population from the six farms in Dobrogea, wasplaced between 3.73% and 3.80% for fat, respectively 3.18% and 3.27%, for proteins. In the studied population were identified 92genetic families of paternal half-sisters, from which 53 families had an average milk production superior to mean of population,which was of 4342.03 kg of milk at first lactation, from which 20 genetic families with a mean of over 5000 kg of milk. Thesegenetic structures constitute a valuable genetic-fund, based on which could be conceive a programme for genetic breeding ofproductive performances for these population. Analysing the age of first calving for the 1611 cows from the studied farms resulteda mean value of 967.15 days (32 months and 7 days), with limits between 442 days (14 months and 22 days) and 2002 days (66months and 22 days). These extreme limits prove that the management of reproduction function was poor and with exploitationmistakes. Must be mention the fact that for the feature of reproductive precocity the best one was the genetic family of theindigenous bull code 16866, of which the four daughters had the age of first calving at 808.83 days (26 months and 28 days) andfor the exploitation period, genetic family code 11014 with a mean of 4430.71 days (14.5 normal lactations).

Keywords:milk production, romanian black pied cows,genetic families