Lipicioasa

8/11/2019 Lipicioasa

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Galium aparine (Klett-Labkraut) -- back to mainpage
http://www.uni-graz.at/walter.obermayer/plants-of-styria/plants-of-styria-mainpage.htmlhttp://www.uni-graz.at/walter.obermayer/plants-of-styria/plants-of-styria-mainpage.html


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LipicioasDe la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liber

Galium aparine
http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajutor:Cum_se_cite%C8%99te_o_cutie_de_taxonomie


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Clasifcare tiinifc

Regn: Plantae

(neclasifcat):

Angiosperms

(neclasifc

at):

Eudicots

(neclasifc

at):

Asterids

Ordin: entianale

s

!amilie: Rubiaceae

en: Galium

"pecie: G. aparine

Nume binomial

Galium aparine

editeaz

vdm
http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificare_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bific%C4%83http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regn_(biologie)http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantaehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermshttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermshttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudicotshttp://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asterids&action=edit&redlink=1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordin_(biologie)http://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gentianales&action=edit&redlink=1http://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gentianales&action=edit&redlink=1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiaceaehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen_(biologie)http://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galium&action=edit&redlink=1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie_(biologie)http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nume_binomialhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lipicioas%C4%83&action=edithttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Caset%C4%83_taxonomiehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Caset%C4%83_taxonomiehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Caset%C4%83_taxonomiehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Caset%C4%83_taxonomie&action=edithttp://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Caset%C4%83_taxonomie&action=edithttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Galium_aparine_b.jpghttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificare_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bific%C4%83http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regn_(biologie)http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantaehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermshttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermshttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudicotshttp://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asterids&action=edit&redlink=1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordin_(biologie)http://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gentianales&action=edit&redlink=1http://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gentianales&action=edit&redlink=1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_(biologie)http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiaceaehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen_(biologie)http://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galium&action=edit&redlink=1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie_(biologie)http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nume_binomialhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lipicioas%C4%83&action=edithttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Caset%C4%83_taxonomiehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Caset%C4%83_taxonomiehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Caset%C4%83_taxonomie&action=edit


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Lipicioasa(Galium aparine) este o plant erbacee din familia Rubiaceae, fiind nativ din

America de Nord i Eurasia.Lipicioasa combate infec iile stafilococice. [1]Areefecte benefice

de cur are, purificare i detoificare a or!anismului uman .["][#][$]

Reerine i note

#$ ^%ttp:&&'''$clicksanatate$ro&ipicioasacombatein*ectiilestaflococice++-..$%tml

-$ ^/ull, Delena$ 0Edible and 1se*ul Plants o* /e2as and t%e"out%'est$0 #333, p$ #45!ormat:6n

.$ ^7%are, 8$P$ (-9)$ Indian Medicinal Plants: An IllustratedDictionary$ "pringer$ p$ -99$ ";.95

4$ ^%ttp:&&animaplant$ro&ipicioasa$%tml

8ategorii:

Rubiaceae Plante medicinale

Galium aparine!rom Wikipedia, t%e *ree enc?clopedia

cleavers

bedstraw

Scientifc classifcation

7ingdom: Plantae
http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiaceaehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_de_Nordhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_de_Nordhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasiahttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasiahttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_note-1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_note-1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%C4%83_de_plante_cu_efect_de_cur%C4%83%C8%9Bare_a_organismuluihttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%C4%83_de_plante_cu_efect_de_cur%C4%83%C8%9Bare_a_organismuluihttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%C4%83_de_plante_cu_efect_de_cur%C4%83%C8%9Bare_a_organismuluihttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%C4%83_de_plante_cu_efect_de_cur%C4%83%C8%9Bare_a_organismuluihttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_note-Tull99-2http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_note-3http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_note-4http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_ref-1http://www.clicksanatate.ro/Lipicioasa-combate-infectiile-stafilococice_0_2330.htmlhttp://www.clicksanatate.ro/Lipicioasa-combate-infectiile-stafilococice_0_2330.htmlhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_ref-Tull99_2-0http://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Vn&action=edit&redlink=1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_ref-3http://books.google.com/books?id=gMwLwbUwtfkC&pg=PA277http://books.google.com/books?id=gMwLwbUwtfkC&pg=PA277http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780387706375http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_ref-4http://animaplant.ro/Lipicioasa.htmlhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categoriihttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorie:Rubiaceaehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorie:Plante_medicinalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Galium_aparine_b.jpghttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiaceaehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_de_Nordhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasiahttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_note-1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%C4%83_de_plante_cu_efect_de_cur%C4%83%C8%9Bare_a_organismuluihttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%C4%83_de_plante_cu_efect_de_cur%C4%83%C8%9Bare_a_organismuluihttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_note-Tull99-2http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_note-3http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_note-4http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_ref-1http://www.clicksanatate.ro/Lipicioasa-combate-infectiile-stafilococice_0_2330.htmlhttp://www.clicksanatate.ro/Lipicioasa-combate-infectiile-stafilococice_0_2330.htmlhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_ref-Tull99_2-0http://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Vn&action=edit&redlink=1http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_ref-3http://books.google.com/books?id=gMwLwbUwtfkC&pg=PA277http://books.google.com/books?id=gMwLwbUwtfkC&pg=PA277http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780387706375http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipicioas%C4%83#cite_ref-4http://animaplant.ro/Lipicioasa.htmlhttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categoriihttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorie:Rubiaceaehttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorie:Plante_medicinalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae


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(unranked): Angiosperms

(unranked): Eudicots

(unranked): Asterids

Order: entianales

!amil?: Rubiaceae

enus: Galium

"pecies: G. aparine

inomial name

Galium aparine

$

Cleavers[1](Galium aparine)are %erbaceousannual plantsof t%e famil& Rubiaceae. '%e

species is native to a ide re!ion ofEurope,Nort% AfricaandAsiafrom ritainand t%e

*anar& +slandsto apan.+t is no naturali-ed t%rou!%out most of t%e nited /tates,*anada,

0eico,*entral America,/out% America, Australia, some oceanic islands and scattered

locations inAfrica. +t is considered a noious eedin man& places.["][#]

Contents # Description - E@ects on t%e bod?

. Edibilit?

4 8%emistr?

5 edicinal uses

> Ot%er uses

9 Ecolog?

= P%otos

3 Re*erences

# !urt%er reading

!escription

*leavers creep alon! t%e !round and over t%e tops of ot%er plants, attac%in! t%emselves it%

t%e small %ooed %airs %ic% !ro out of t%e stems and leaves. '%e stems can reac% up to

t%ree feet or lon!er, and are an!ular or s2uare s%aped.[$]'%e leaves are simple, narrol&

oblanceolate to linear, and borne in %orls of si to ei!%t.[$][3]

*leavers %ave tin&, star4s%aped, %ite to !reenis% floers, %ic% emer!e from earl& sprin! to

summer. '%e floers are clustered in !roups of to or t%ree, and are borne out of t%eleaf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudicotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteridshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentianaleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_plantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_plantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_plantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noxious_weedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Descriptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Effects_on_the_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Edibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Medicinal_useshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Other_useshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Photoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Duke-2001-p100-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Duke-2001-p100-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Duke-2001-p100-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Duke-2001-p100-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_axilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_axilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudicotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteridshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentianaleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_plantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noxious_weedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Descriptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Effects_on_the_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Edibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Medicinal_useshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Other_useshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Photoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Duke-2001-p100-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Duke-2001-p100-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_axils


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ails.[5]'%e !lobular fruits areburrs%ic% !ro 14# seeds clustered to!et%er6 t%e& are

covered it% %ooed %airs %ic% clin! to animal fur, aidin! in seed dispersal.[5]

"#ects on t$e bod%

7or some people, sin contact it% Galium aparinecauses an unpleasant locali-ed ras%[8]non ascontact dermatitis.

"dibilit%

Galium aparineis edible. '%e leaves and stems of t%e plant can be cooed as a leaf ve!etable

if !at%ered before t%e fruits appear. 9oever, t%e numerous small %oos %ic% cover t%e plant

and !ive it its clin!in! nature can mae it less palatable if eaten ra.[:][;]!oose!rass>.[1?]*leavers are

in t%e samefamil&as coffee. '%e fruits of cleavers %ave often been dried and roasted, and

t%en used as a coffee substitute %ic% contains less caffeine.[$][11]

!or ot%er uses o* 0goosegrass0, see oosegrass$

C$emistr%

*%emical constituents of Galium aparineinclude@ iridoid!l&cosidessuc% as asperulosidic

acidand 1?4deacet&lasperulosidic acid,[1"]asperuloside, monotropeinand aucubin, alaloids

suc% as caffeine,p%enolics suc% asp%enolic acids, ant%ra2uinonederivatives suc% as t%e

alde%&de nordamnacant%al(1,#4di%&dro&4ant%ra2uinone4"4al),[1#]flavonoidsand coumarins,

or!anic acids suc% as citric acidand a red d&e.[1$]

&edicinal uses

As a tea, t%e plant acts medicinall& as a diuretic,l&mp%atic, and detoifier.[;][13]As a l&mp%atic

tonic, it is used in a ide ran!e of problems involvin! t%el&mp% s&stem, suc% assollen

!lands(e.!.tonsillitis).[15]

oulticesand as%es made from cleavers ere traditionall& used to treat a variet& of sin

ailments, li!%t ounds and burns.[18]As a pulp, it %as been used to relieve poisonous bites and

stin!s.[1:]'o mae a poultice, t%e entire plant is used, and applied directl& to t%e affected area.[1;]

'%e asperuloside in cleavers acts as a mild sedative, and one stud& s%oed t%at cleaver etract

loers t%e blood pressure of do!s, it%out sloin! t%eir %eart rate, or an& ot%er dan!erous

side effects. Et%nobotanistBr.ames A. Buerecommends a dosa!e of one ounce of dried

leaves to a pint of ater, 1 to " teaspoons of tincture, or " to $ !rams of t%e dried %erb in a cup

of boilin! ater, t%ree times dail&.["?]

't$er uses

Bioscoridesreported t%at ancient rou!% sieve>, %ic% could be used to strain mil. Linnaeuslater reported t%e sameusa!e in/eden, a tradition t%at is still practiced in modern times. [18]["1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_axilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-ModHerbal-p206-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-ModHerbal-p206-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr_(fruit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-ModHerbal-p206-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Evanoff-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_dermatitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_dermatitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Tull99-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Duke-2001-p100-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goosegrass_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asperulosidic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asperulosidic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10-deacetylasperulosidic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asperuloside&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monotropein&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aucubinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordamnacanthal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1,3-dihydroxy-anthraquinone-2-al&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Morimoto-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Morimoto-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coumarinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuretichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Tull99-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swollen_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swollen_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swollen_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swollen_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsillitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsillitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poulticeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-ModHerbal-p207-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnobotanisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Dukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Dukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tincturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-ModHerbal-p207-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_axilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-ModHerbal-p206-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr_(fruit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-ModHerbal-p206-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Evanoff-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_dermatitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Tull99-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Duke-2001-p100-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goosegrass_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asperulosidic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asperulosidic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10-deacetylasperulosidic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asperuloside&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monotropein&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aucubinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordamnacanthal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1,3-dihydroxy-anthraquinone-2-al&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Morimoto-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coumarinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuretichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Tull99-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swollen_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swollen_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsillitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poulticeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-ModHerbal-p207-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnobotanisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Dukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tincturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-ModHerbal-p207-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-21


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+n Europe, t%e dried, matted folia!e of t%e plant as once used to stuff mattresses. /everal of

t%e bedstras ere used for t%is purpose, due to t%e fact t%at t%e clin!in! %airs cause t%e

branc%es to stic to!et%er, %ic% enables t%e mattress fillin! to maintain a uniform t%icness.[;][""]'%e roots of cleavers can be used to mae a permanent red d&e. ["#]

"colo(%

'%eant%ra2uinonealde%&denordamnacant%al(1,#4di%&dro&4ant%ra2uinone4"4al) present in

G. aparine%as an antifeedantactivit& a!ainst Spodoptera litura, t%e Criental leaform mot%,

a species %ic% is considered an a!ricultural pest.[1#]'%e Acari Cecidophyes rouhollahican be

found on G. aparine.["$]

)$otos

Wikimedia 8ommons %as media related to

Galium aparine$
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattresseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Tull99-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehydehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordamnacanthal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordamnacanthal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1,3-dihydroxy-anthraquinone-2-al&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifeedanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spodoptera_liturahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Morimoto-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecidophyes_rouhollahihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-24http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Galium_aparinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattresseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Tull99-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthraquinonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehydehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordamnacanthal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1,3-dihydroxy-anthraquinone-2-al&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifeedanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spodoptera_liturahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-Morimoto-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecidophyes_rouhollahihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine#cite_note-24http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Galium_aparine


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8leaBers, creeping

toget%er oBer t%e tops o*

ot%er plants on t%e *orest

Coor$

eaBes and stem o* G.

aperine$


25/25

alium aparine, closeup

'it% leaBes and *ruit, *rom

8ologne, erman?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colognehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Galium.aparine.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colognehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany

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