Limba Engleza Semestrul I

7/30/2019 Limba Engleza Semestrul I

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Universitatea Nicolae TitulescuAnul I

SEMESTRUL I

LIMBA ENGLEZ I

Unit 1: EDUCATIONUnit 2: WORK FOR A LIVINGUnit 3: RECRUITMENTUnit 4: APPLYING FOR A JOBUnit 5: WORK AND MOTIVATIONUnit 6: TYPES OF BUSINESS COMPANY STRUCTUREUnit 7: STARTING A BUSINESS

Seminar Instructor: FELICIA BUCUR

Anul universitar 2011-2012


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Unit 1: EDUCATION

OBJECTIVES

This unit will help you:- get familiar with the higher education system- compare education in Romania and Britain- revise and practice language needed for comparing- improve your essay writing skills

LEAD IN

1. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct space in the passagebelow.

state terms seminar degree fees privatetutorial graduate nursery school grant secondary lecturebreak up compulsory co-educational academic primary

When children are two or three years old, they sometimes go to a (1)______________, where they learn simple games and songs. Their first real schoolis called a (2) ______________ school. In Britain children start this school at the ageof five. The (3) ______________ year in Britain begins in September and is dividedinto three (4) ______________. Schools (5) ______________ for the summerholiday in July. (6) ______________ education begins at the age of about eleven,

and most schools at this level are (7) ______________, which means boys and girlsstudy together in the same classes. In Britain education is (8) ______________ fromfive to 16 years of age, but many children choose to remain at school for another twoor three years after 16 to take higher exams. Most children go to (9)______________ schools, which are maintained by the government or localeducation authorities, but some children go to (10) ______________ schools, whichcan be very expensive. University courses normally last three years and thenstudents (11) ______________, which means they receive their (12)______________. At university, teaching is by (13) ______________ (an individuallesson between a teacher and one or two students), (14) ______________ (a classof students discussing a subject with a teacher), (15) ______________ (when a

teacher gives a prepared talk to a number of students) and of course private study.Most people who receive a university place are given a (16) ______________ by thegovernment to help pay their (17) ______________ and living expenses.

2. Now that you have filled in the text, read it again and using yourknowledge about the Romanian educational system try and findsimilarities and differences between the two systems.

3. Give answers to the following questions:A. Do you think education should be free? Are there advantages in a fee-paying

system?B. How usual is it to go to university in Romania?C. Is it difficult to go in?

D. How do you feel as a fresher at Nicolae Titulescu University? What are yourexpectations?


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E. Is a university education necessary for professional jobs?F. Many British people believe that if you do nothing more than study hard at

university, you will have wasted a great opportunity. What do they mean anddo you agree?

READING AND COMPREHENSION

The following text gives you information about the way in which educationbeyond the age of 16 is organized in Britain. Read it quickly and answer thesequestions:

A. Do all 16-year-old students take the same tests?B. How many students leave school at or after 16?C. How many types of education are there after the age of 16?D. How many American students go to university?E. Which is the American equivalent forOxbridge?F. How many types of universities are there in Britain?

At the age of 16, prior to leaving school, students are tested in varioussubjects to earn a General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). If they wishto go on to higher education at a university, they take Advanced Level examinations,commonly known as A Levels. About a third of British students leave school assoon as possible after turning 16, usually taking lower-level jobs in the workforce.Those who stay in school past the age of 16 may pursue either further education orhigher education. Further education is largely vocational, as is adult education. About3.5 million people were enrolled in further education programs in 1995. Students mayalso stay in school until age 18 to prepare for higher education.

The percentage of young people entering universities in Britain is far lowerthan in the United States, where more than half attend. In Britain the proportion hasrisen from one in six in 1989 to almost one in three in 1996. In 1995 there were 1.7million students enrolled in higher education.

Britain has more than 90 universities. British universities can be divided intoseveral categories. The foremost universities are the University of Oxford and theUniversity of Cambridge, both founded in the Middle Ages. The term Oxbridge isused to refer to both schools as a single entity, much as Americans would use theterm Ivy League in reference to the group of prestigious East Coast universities.Another type of university is the so-called redbrick varietyold and solid schools builtin the 19th century when bricks were the standard building material. The largenumber of ultramodern universities that developed in the last half of the 20th century

are often called cement block and plateglass universities. London has its own greatschools, the enormous University of London and its world-famous college, theLondon School of Economics.

Students interested in advanced education can also attend polytechnics,which are schools dedicated to the sciences and applied technology. An educationact in 1992 changed the status of these colleges to universities. Higher educationcan also be obtained through the Open University, founded in 1969, which offersextension courses taught through correspondence, television and radio programs,and videocassettes. It also sponsors local study centres and residential summerschools. The purpose of the Open University is to reach people who may notordinarily be qualified for university study.


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VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

1. Maria Garcia tells us about her educational background. Complete eachsentence with one of the words or phrases from the box below. You willneed to put the verbs into the right tense.

apply graduate (V) grant higher degree job primary schooloption scholarship study honours degree PhD secondary schoolsubject stay on thesis place

I started at (1) primary schoolin London when I was 5. At the age of 11, I wentto (2) ___________, also in London. At 17, I (3) ___________ to university. I got a(4) ___________ at Manchester to (5) ___________ Engineering. In fact I wasawarded a (6) ___________. But at the end of first year I changed to another (7)___________. I (8) ___________ from university in 1988. I have a first class (9)___________ in Economics. I decided to (10) ___________ at university. So I did(11) ___________ in business administration at the University of California. Duringthe course, I did an (12) ___________ on small business development. I found atopic so interesting that applied for a (13) ___________ to do a doctorate on thesame subject. Once I had got the money, I had to write a 50, 000 word(14)___________. So now I have a BA, an MBA and a (15) ___________. All I neednow is a (16) ___________.

2. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.

1. Helens parents were very pleased when they read her school A.A. report B. papers C. diploma D. account

2. Martin has quite a good ______ of physics.A. result B. pass C. understanding D. head

3. In Britain, children start ______ school at the age of five.A. kindergarten B. secondary C. nursery D. primary

4. Edward has a ________ in French from Leeds University.A. certificate B. degree C. mark D. paper

5. My favourite ______ at school was history.A. topic B. class C. theme D. subject

6. Its time for break. The bell has _______.A. gone off B. struck C. rung D. sounded

7. Our English teacher ________ us some difficult exercises for homework.A. set B. put C. obliged D. made

8. Before you begin the exam paper, always read the ________ carefully.A. orders B. instructions C. rules D. answers

9. If you want to pass the examination, you must study ________.A. hardly B. enough C. thoroughly D. rather

10. Most students have quite a good sense of their own _______.

A. grasp B. ability C. idea D. information


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3. Complete each sentence with a word beginning as shown. Each spacerepresents one letter.

1. Charles has a good k_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the subject. knowledge2. These children are badly behaved! They need more d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

3. Everyone agrees that a good e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is important.4. If you dont know a word, look it up in your d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.5. Maths is easy if you are allowed to use a c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.6. Keith spent four years studying at the u _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.7. Some apes seem to have as much i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as humans!8. At the age of eleven I went to s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ school.9. I find listening c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tests rather difficult.10. I enjoyed doing e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the laboratory.

4. Decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.

Learning How to LearnThere is usually one important (1) Cmissing from school (2) _________. Very fewstudents are (3) _________ how to organise their learning and how to (4) _________the best use of their time. Lets take some simple (5) _________. Do you know howto (6) _________ up words in a dictionary, and do you understand all the (7)_________ the dictionary contains? Can you (8) _________ notes quickly, can youunderstand them (9) _________ ? For some reasons, many schools give learners no(10) _________ with these matters. Teachers ask students to (11) _________ pagesfrom books, or tell them to write ten pages, but dont explain (12) _________ to do it.Learning by (13) _________ can be useful, but it is more important to have a genuine(14) _________ of a subject. You can (15) _________ a lot of time memorisingbooks, without understanding anything about the subject!

1. A) theme B) book C) subject D) mark2. A) agendas B) timetables C) terms D) organisations3. A) taught B) learnt C) educated D) graduated4. A) take B) give C) get D) make

5. A) sentences B) results C) rules D) examples6. A) find B) look C) research D) get7. A) information B) advise C) subject D) themes8. A) do B) send C) make D) revise

9. A) after B) afterwards C) lastly D) at last10. A) teaching B) ability C) instruction D) help11. A) concentrate B) remind C) forget D) memorise12. A) how B) what C) why D) it13. A) the way B) heart C) how D) law14. A) information B) success C) understanding D) attention15. A) pass B) waste C) tell D) use


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LANGUAGE FOCUS: Comparing

1. Complete the table with the comparative and superlative forms of these

adjectives: successful, rich, global, early, big. Add others.

One syllable Adderorest. rich, richer, richestOne syllable ending vowel+ consonant

Double the last letter andadderorest.

Two syllables ending in y Change yto i, and adderorest.

Two or more syllables Put moreormostin front.Some other ways of comparing are:

as as, the same as:The new photocopier isasunreliableasthe old one.

much/farer than: His boss ismucholderthanhim. compared to/ in comparison to:Their company looks quite healthycompared

to / in comparison toours.

There are also irregular adjectives. The most important are:good better bestbad worse worstfar farther/further fathest/furthestlittle less leastold elder elder(people only)

2. Correct the grammatical mistakes in these sentences:

1. Prague has become Central Europes glamorest city. most glamorous2. Most tallest office towers in the world are in Kuala Lumpur.3. Cleveland is now one of the most cleanest cities in North America.4. In Buenos Aires foreign bankers are as common than coffee house poets.5. The London Underground is worst than the Tokyo Underground system.6. Ireland is not as larger as Sweden.7. The London Stock Exchange is very older than the Singapore Exchange.8. Their prices are very high in compared to ours.

3. Complete these extract from a radio programme with the correctcomparative or superlative forms of the adjectives in brackets.

A survey has come up with some interesting information about the cost ofliving in our major cities.

Tokyo is still (1) the most expensive (expensive) city in the world. Osaka issecond and Moscow third, on a par with Hong Kong. Many European cities have

gone down the rankings because their exchange rates have become (2)____________ (weak) against the US dollar. Moscows exchange rate has also


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become (3) ____________ (weak), but Russia has a much (4) ____________ (high)inflation rate than many European countries. So prices in Moscow are among (5)____________ (high) in Europe. But, there is one advantage of living in Moscow.The underground is excellent very cheap and much (6) ____________(comfortable) than the one in London.

New York is (7) ____________ (expensive) US city. This is because the USdollar is (8) ____________ (strong) than many other currencies. Some Europeancountries that used to be far (9) ____________ (expensive) than New York are nowmuch (10) ____________ (cheap).

London is the 10th (11) ____________ (expensive) city in the world,according to the survey. A year ago, London was 5%-10% (12) ____________(cheap) than many French and German cities. This is no longer so. Now London is15% (13) ____________ (dear) than the German and French cities mentioned in thesurvey. However, London is a good city to live in. Business people said that Londonwas (14) ____________ (exciting) of all the major cities in the world. Londoners alsoclaim that it is (15) ____________ (clean) than it used to be, and (16) ____________

(safe) than many other European cities.If youre hard up, dont go to Oslo its Europes (17) ____________

(expensive) city. Meals at restaurants cost a fortune and drinks are very pricey.

4. A business executive who travels a lot gives a personal response to theradio programme extract above. Complete the text below with the words inthe box.

different as similar just rathernot much compared less same

Well personally, Ive had some (1) ____________ experiences. For a start, I cantagree that Moscow is (2) ____________ expensive as Hong Kong. Ive always foundMoscow (3) ____________ expensive. The price of certain items may be about the(4) ____________ as in Hong Kong, but I know the hotels are (5) ____________ asexpensive. I agree that the Moscow Underground is really good (6) ____________ tothe London Underground and is definitely (7) ____________ more comfortable. Ialways walk in London (8) ____________ than use the Underground. Also, someother Northern European cities are (9) ____________ as expensive as Oslo. Ingeneral, I find that prices in Sweden and Denmark are (10) ____________ to thosein Norway.

5. Make comparisons about one of the following:

your city or your country with another city or country you know well; your company with another company in the same sector; your present job with another job you had in the past.


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SKILLS FOCUS: WritingFOR and AGAINST

Choose one of the essay titles below. Write a 250-word for-and-againstessay,remembering to plan and organise your answer, and use some of theexpressions in the box.

In some countries teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Doyou think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specificreasons and details.

All educational facilities should be funded by the government. Usespecific reasons and details to explain your answer.

Some people believe that university students should be required toattend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optionalfor students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific

reasons and details to explain your answer.

I believe that Firstly, In my opinion

Moreover The most important point is that

It could be argued that Also Thirdly I think Another point is that

You might find useful the following tips:A good answer might be organised as follows:

Paragraph 1: INTRODUCTION (not very detailed; perhaps just one ortwo sentences)

Paragraph 2: FOR Paragraph 3: AGAINST Paragraph 4: CONCLUSION (your opinion)

TRANSLATION

Before translating a text you should decide what strategy you should take: should you translate it right away? do you read the entire text first? what do you do if you do not know a word? when you reread your translation which are the main points you focus on?

Consider accuracy, clarity, style, preserving the original meaning, stirring thesame reaction in the reader etc.

Having these strategies in mind, translate the following text into Romanian:


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Most successful distance education students have done plenty of research to find theprogram that is right for them. Some of the points you need to consider beforeapplying to a program include the following:

Do I have a place at home or at work that I can claim as my own for extendedperiods of study and communication with the program? Will family members or

others around me respect my need to spend time on my own? What are the specific educational outcomes of the program? Is earning a

degree important to me, or do I want to take just a few classes to learn a newskill or to complete a certificate program to increase my professional status?

What are the total costs of the program? Do the fees include books, ifnecessary? Are there any additional expenses I might incur?

Translate the following text into English:

Preedintele Traian Bsescu a declarat, luni, n timpul unei dezbateri privind legeaeducaiei, c sistemul de educaie romnesc este unul dintre mai slabe din Europa i

cel mai slab din interiorul Uniunii Europene."Trebuie s plecm de la realitate, iar realitatea este c sistemul de educaie dinRomnia este unul dintre mai slabe din Europa i, ndrznesc s spun, cel ma i slabdin interiorul Uniunii Europene, din punct de vedere al performanelor absolvenilor.Acest lucru este demonstrat nu numai de analizele specialitilor, ci i de testeleeuropene, care s-au fcut n Romnia n perioada 2001-2006, 2007. Succesiuneaacestor teste arat o continu depreciere a calitii sistemului de educaie dinRomnia, ceea ce reclam intervenie urgent n adaptarea sistemului de educaieromnesc la realitile economiei, la realitile competiiei, creia Romnia trebuies-i fac fa pentru a-i putea asigura evoluia pozitiv.

http://www.capital.ro/detalii-articole/stiri/basescu-sistemul-de-educatie-din-romania-este-unul-dintre-

mai-slabe-din-europa-133440.html


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1. Read the article quickly to find the answers to these questions:

Chocolate tasting is like wine tastingyou dont swallow. ELAINE JONES

Would working as a Confectionary selector for Chocolate Masters be a dream cometrue for chocoholics?

Julie Turner finds out.

5

10

15

20

One day Elaine Jones and acolleague of hers had to eat theirway through almost ten kilos ofchocolates. It took them from 9 amto 2 pm. Afterwards they felt very,

very unwell. But their chocolatemarathon was not a binge. It wasall in the course of duty. Elaine isone of the 11 people at ChocolateMasters who are responsible forchocolates and sweets. Her officialtitle is confectionary selector. Shehas to sample chocolates everyday.

That 10 kilos was unusual,she said. The technologist and Ihad to try out an entire freshcream range from one of oursuppliers before it went off. It wasa very hot day which made thingsworse.

25

30

35

Despite such excesses, Elaine is notoverweight. How come? Chocolatetasting is like wine tasting, she told me,you dont swallow unless its so goodyou cant resist. I think all of us in theoffice have become immune tochocolate. It no longer makes us put onweight. Perhaps, after 15 years in thebusiness, Elaine has become immuneto the temptations which, in her airyoffices in the Chocolate Mastersheadquarters in Baker Street, I foundoverwhelming. There were chocolateseverywhere.

Her chocolate enthusiasms beganearly. When I was little, like every kid,wanted to work in the Mars Bar factory.When I began in confectionary I wasjust like a child in a sweet shop, eatingeverything. But thats worn off. I likechocolate, but Im not a chocoholic.

1. Which company does Elaine work for?2. What is her job called?3. What does she have to do?4. How long has she been in the food industry?

2. Now read more carefully and find words which mean:

1. having too much of a good thing (line 7)2. to try (line 13)3. complete (line 17)4. trying food (line 24)5. well-ventilated (line 31)6. too much (line 34)

3. Are these statements true or false?

1. Elaine samples 10 kilos of chocolate every day.


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2. She does not usually eat the chocolate she tastes.3. She is the only chocolate taster at Chocolate Masters.4. She has not put on weight because of her job.5. She has always wanted to work with food.

4. What qualifications and training do you think Elaine needed to become aConfectionary Selector? Read about Elaines career and fill in the chart:

Elaine was brought up in Essex. After A-levels she worked in banking for a yearand hated it. Then, encouraged by a friend in retailing, she went to work at Harrods. I didmy training there. I was a buyer for eight years bread, patisserie, cakes beforemoving into confectionary where I found my niche.

She enjoyed the challenge, the fast turnover. In 1999 she moved to ChocolateMasters. Her basic responsibility is to develop new lines and she is in charge of bothproduct and packaging. This involves a lot of travel in Britain and on the Continent,overseeing production, doing comparative shopping and visiting food fairs.

Elaine Jones

Qualifications_________________________________________________________Work experience_______________________________ (1 year)_______________________________ (8 years)

_______________________________ (since 1999)

Present responsibilities__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


1. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the text below.

calendar credits major prospectustechnical graduation course amountrequirements outlines curriculum numberclass hours specified three electivescollege subjects week opportunity

The courses given by a (1) _____________ or university are called itscurriculum. The (2) _____________ of the institution (3) _____________ the


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complete (4) _____________. It gives the (5) _____________ for entry to eachcourse, as well as the credits given for the (6) _____________.

Each course is designated as giving a (7) _____________ number of credits.These are usually equal to the number of (8) _____________ devoted each week tothe course. For example, a course that meets three times a (9) _____________

usually gives (10) _____________ credits towards graduation. Schools using thesemester (11) _____________ require about 120 credits for (12) _____________.Between 30 and 40 of the required (13) _____________ must be the student's (14)_____________ subject.

Schools vary considerably in the (15) _____________ of freedom givenstudents in selecting their courses. Almost all schools have a certain (16)_____________ of required courses called (18) _____________. Liberal-artscolleges usually give students more (19) _____________ to choose than do (20)_____________ schools.

2. Choose the right answer

1. When you listen to a lecture, it is useful to ... the main points.a) clear; b) notify; c) put down; d) write on.

2. I can agree with you to a certain ..., Professor, but not entirely.

a) part; b) way; c) extent; d) level.3. The lecture was very ... and I slept for most of it.

a) noisy; b) sleepy; c) annoying; d) boring.4. Are you going to attend Professor's ... on the Commodity Science next week?

a) lecture; b) discussion; c) conference; d) meeting.5. A few jokes always ... up a lecture.

a) liven; b) inspire; c) loosen; d) raise.6. To begin the lecture, let's take an ... of the present situation.

a) overview; b) oversight; c) overtone; d) overture.7. There is a/an ... at the back of the book giving the answers to the exercises.

a) index; b) appendix; c) key; d) reference.8. During a lecture I always try to ... down the main points that are made.

a) note; b) jot; c) doodle; d) sketch.

9. That's what I mean. You've hit the ... on the head.

a) pin; b) nail; c) hammer; d) point.10. It suddenly ... on me what he really meant.

a) came; b) hit; c) dawned; d) struck.

3. Match each word in column A with its definition in column B.

1) gymnasium2) rector

3) charta4) curriculum5) budget6) dean

7) investment8) fee

a) charge or payment for professional advice or servicesb) an educational talk given by a lecturer to a large audience

of studentsc) room/hall with equipment for physical trainingd) head of certain universities, colleges, etce) course of study in a school, college, etcf) written statement of rights, permission to do something

especially from the government to a town/city/universityg) in some universities head of a department of studyh) the act of using money to obtain income or profit


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9) lecture

10) course

i) a series of academic lectures or lessons in a particularsubject

j) estimate of future income and expenditure made by abusiness company, society, private person, etc.

4. Fill in the gaps with the right word in the required form: to learn, tostudy, to teach:

1. What subjects do you _____________ in the first year?

2. I am planning _____________ polytology next year.

3. You know much more than I do; so I cannot _____________ you.

4. The student _____________ to write with his left hand.

5. In _____________ a foreign language, it is not enough _____________ new

words, it is necessary to use them in written and oral communication.

6. I would like _____________ to ski, too.

7. Who has _____________ you to surf so well?

LANGUAGE FOCUS

REVISION

PAST SIMPLE1. We use the past simple to refer to events that took place in the past:

A pharmacist called John PembertoninventedCoca Cola.Didyougoto Berlin last week? Yes, and ImetHerr Hans.

2. We frequently use a time adverb to situate the event in finished past time:Rolls Royce went burstin 1973.A few years ago, the City Plaza hotel was a leader in its segment of themarket.Some people made fortunes on the Stock Exchangeduring the 1980s.

3. We use the past simple in annual reports to describe the companysperformance over the last year:Last yearwasa good year for our group.Salesroseby more than 11% and wemadesubstantial gains in market share

in a number of countries.PRESENT PERFECT1. We use the present perfect to say that a finished past action is relevant now:

Theyhave developeda new brand of toothpaste.The chairmanhasrecentlyresigned.

2. We use the present perfect when we are thinking of a period of time continuingup to the present:For over 50years, Stirling Carshas madea classic English sports car.Calvin Klein has been one of the leading fashion designers since the mid-1970s.

3. We often use this tense to talk about our life experiences.

Shehas hada number of interesting jobs.Hehas workedfor a variety of firms.


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PRACTICE

1. Complete the memo with the past simple or present perfect forms of theverbs in brackets:

MemoTo: Peter ThompsonFrom: MarieDelacroixDate: October 25th

Re: Counterfeiting

Im worried about the sales of the range of fragrances we (1) _____________(launch) two years ago. In the first year, sales (2) _____________ (increase)

steadily. However, since the beginning of this year, sales (3) _____________ (fall) byalmost 10%.

The reason for this is clear. Several firms in SE Asia (4) _____________(copy) our designs and are now flooding the French market with them. This (5)_____________ (become) a serious problem.

Last month, I (6) _____________ (organise) a team of investigators. Up tonow, they (7) _____________ (find) many counterfeit goods, which the police (8)_____________ (seize) and impounded. Yesterday, I (9) _____________ (contact)several firms who (10) _____________ (inform) me that they (11) _____________(have) similar problems. They all (12) _____________ (lose) sales because ofcounterfeiting.

2. Peter Fisher is Caferomas Head of Sales. He is introducing himself andthe company to new sales recruits. Complete his speech with the pastsimple or present perfect forms of the verbs in brackets.

Good morning and congratulations on becoming a member of Caferomas successfulsales team. Im Peter Fisher, Head of Sales. First, Ill introduce myself and then Illtell you a little bit about your new company.I (1) _____________ (leave) university 20 years ago and then I (2) _____________(go) to the United States. I (3) _____________ (join) Caferoma 15 years ago and (4)

_____________ (work) in the Sales Department for 10 years. I (5) _____________(become) Head Of Sales last July and I (6) _____________ (not have) a holiday eversince.Caferoma (7) _____________ (be) the market leader for many years now. A yearago we (8) _____________ (reorganise) our Sales Department and, sinceNovember, our turnover (9) _____________ (increase) by 12% and our share price(10) _____________ (rise) sharply because of our excellent results. In the last threemonths we (11) _____________ (cut) costs by almost 5%.Bringing us up to date, last week Caferoma (12) _____________ (launch) anadvertising campaign for a low-priced decaffeinated product. It will be your first job tosell this product.


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3. Read this fax sent by Nathalie Druot, a sales representative in France forCaribcool International. Complete the fax with the correct forms of theverbs in brackets.

FAX MESSAGE

To: Marten Bros. +44 132 1175Attention: David BlackFrom: Nathalie DruotDate: November 7

th

Subject: Sales trip

CARIBCOOL INTERNATIONAL

20 Rue de PontoiseParis 75005France

Telephone: + 33 1 92 08 56 67Fax:+ 33 1 92 08 56 68

Pages including this: 1Dear David,

Ive tried to phone you several times but have been unable to contact you. I know youwant to hear about my recent sales trip, so Im faxing you this short report.During the trip, I (1) _____________ (visit) a number of supermarkets andhypermarkets in Southern France where I (2) _____________ (give) presentations of

our new products. There (3) _____________ (be) a great deal of interest in ourrelaunched cola drink, Gogo. I think itll be a winner over here. In Montpe llier andBordeaux, I (4) _____________ (meet) the owners of some large retail outlets and(5) _____________ (inform) them of our new discount policy. So far, no one (6)_____________ (complain) about the lower discounts we are offering.Last Saturday, I (7) _____________ (go) to Montpellier and (8) _____________(have) an enjoyable lunch with Martine Roland one of our best customers. Shepromised to buy 20 cases of Gogo, but I (9) _____________ (not receive) an orderfrom her yet. Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her.In Nimes, I ran into Francois Duperrier. He (10) _____________ (have) a difficulttime lately. He (11) _____________ (leave) his last job in May and since then, he(12) _____________ (be) unemployed. He knows the French market inside out.Maybe he could be our area rep in the South of France. What do you think? As youknow, our sales in the South (13) _____________ (fall) by almost 10% in the lastnine months or so. This cant go on. We must do something to improve ourperformance, and Im simply not able to cover the whole of France by myself.Some good news now. Our TV commercial for Gogo was shown for the first time lastnight. This morning, several people (14)_____________ (phone) me, saying howmuch they liked it. They think it effective very clever and humorous! Thecommercial should really boost Gogos sales and get everyone talking about thedrink.

Finally a word about my October sales report. I (15) _____________ (just finish)writing it, so you should get it in a few days time. Sorry its a bit late.

Best wishes,

Nathalie


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Rue VichyTroyesFrance

15 May, 200-Dear Mr and Mrs Bull,

I saw your advertisement in the paper and I am very interested in working onyour farm.

Im a student and I need more practice with my English. I was hoping tocome to Great Britain but didnt want to ask my parents for money. Working for youwould be an ideal solution.

I am 18 years old and very fit. Although Ive never worked on a farm before Ihave helped on a building site and I am used to working hard. Im very fond ofanimals and would be happy to help with the cows and sheep if needed.

Could you please let me know how long you would want me for, how manyhours a day and what the minimum wages per hour would be. I would like to know ifthere would be other students there too and where I will be sleeping.

I enclose a photo as requested. My last employer will be happy to write me areference, if you so wish.

I look forward to hearing from you soon,

Yours sincerely,Michel Dupont

1. Has Michel given the information he was asked for in the advertisement? Hashe asked about all the points he noted down himself?

2. The advertisement was informalis Michels lettera. too formal?b. too informal?c. just right?

3. Has Michel used clear paragraphs for each new section of the letter? Howdoes he show he is beginning a new paragraph?

Mr and Mrs Bull received another letter on the same day but they were notvery impressed? Why?

Paris

Tuesday, 16 MayDear Sir/Madam,

I saw your advertisement in the newspaper and I am quite interested at thejob. Im 16, a student and I really want a holiday away from the parents. Im fit andhealthy and I adore to be outdoors. The only problem is that Im scared from cowsbut I could keep away from them, I expect?Please tell me how much I earn exactly and what there is to do in the evenings. Nodiscos I suppose?

My Friend Daniel, who goes to college with me, would also like a job. Could you letme know if you need any more helpers?


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I am sending the only photo I have at the moment, but please dont worry. My legwould be out of plaster soon.

Please write back soon!

Regards, Didier

Didiers letter contains errors in each of the areas below. Find examples ofeach type and underline them.

- structure (grammar)- layout- inappropriate greeting- inappropriate ending- paragraphing- inappropriate language (too formal or too informal)- inappropriate content- style inconsistent (changes from formal to informal)

Look back to Michels letter and complete this plan.

4. You are interested in the job below. Write a letter giving the informationrequired and including any queries you have.

Do you like having fun?Do you want to be with young people?

Can you organise sports and entertainments?Have you had experience of camping?

Can you cook?

Volunteers Needed atSUMMER CAMPS!

We need helpers for our youth camps in the USAthis summer.

Accommodation and modest salary provided.

Interested? Write and tell us a little about yourself. Sendyour letter to

Samba Youth Camps2214 Creek Drive Colorado USA

P.S. Need more information?Just send us your queries with your letter and we will

write back immediately!

1

OPENIN

5432


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USEFUL TIPS:Planning:Underline the important points in the advertisement before you reply, and keepchecking back as you write to make sure you have included all the relevant points.Paragraphing:

Remember to group your ideas into paragraphs and to start each paragraph on anew line, preferable indented. A paragraph should normally contain more than onesentence!Style:Decide how formal your letter should be before you start writing. Make sure the styleis consistent throughout your letter.

TRANSLATION

Translate the following text into Romanian:An informal business letter is a bit more relaxed than a formal business letter, butnot relaxed enough to be casual.

Instructions: Use writing that is breezy rather than casual. Be brief, straightforward and

logical. Employ standard grammar, spelling and formatting rules, but relax your tone

and construction slightly. Use contractions and conversational phrases to soften the letter. Begin with the date, both your address and the recipient's (or just your

address) and a salutation. Choose "Dear" over "To Whom It May Concern." Place a comma after the salutation ("Dear Jane,") instead of a colon. Use personal statements to make the letter less formal: "I agree with your

assessment of the highway construction project. I too commute that way." Close with "Best," "Cheers" or "Regards," rather than "Sincerely" or "Thank

You."

Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the use of

past simple and present perfect.1. Ieri ne-amntlnit i mi-a dat o carte.2. A vorbit foarte ncet i nu am neles nimic.3. Surorile mele tocmai au venit de la birou.4. Am cunoscut-o pe actual mea ef n 1998.5. Cnd l-ai vzut ultima dat?6. Ce ora ai vizitat anul trecut cnd ai fost la conferin?7. Ai ncercat vreodat s-l ajui?8. Nu ne-am mai ntlnit de luni de zile, am fost foarte ocupai cu problemele de la

serviciu.9. De cnd este plecat?

10.Subiectul este discutat de cteva sptmni i nu s-a ajuns nc la nicioconcluzie.


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Unit 3: RECRUITMENT

OBJECTIVESThis unit will help you:

- understand how information is structured in a Curriculum Vitae- write a Curriculum Vitae according to the commonly accepted European

criteria- revise and practice language related to recruitment

LEAD IN

1. Try and answer the following questions:

1. How do people find work? Which are the steps they have to take?2. When you go to a job interview, what do you have to carry along with you?

How do Americans call it? What does it contain?


1. A job advertisement will usually ask you to send in a CV. Conventions ashow to write one have been changing. Read the following text to seewhat is a personnel managers opinion on it, then answer thesequestions:

1. How many parts a CV should have?2. What does each part should contain?3. How should we order the information about our education and work

experience?4. Which are the words that the personnel manager uses about foreign

languages?5. Are our hobbies or interests important when we apply for a job?

5

10

There has been a lot of variation in the way CVs are set out over thelast few years, and indeed one still sees different formats arriving on onesdesk.

However, probably, the most common format these days, and certainlythe one I most likely like to get because you can see at a glance whether it isworth reading the whole thing or not is the one that starts from the mostrecent job and works back, giving brief, but relevant information on each.There is a slight tendency, particularly among foreign (non-British applicants)to go for the hard sell. By this I mean almost to boast of their accomplishmentsand success in each post. But I confess I personally find it rather distastefuland it rather puts me off. Anyway, a good CV these days should begin bysaying what it is: a CV. So, the persons name should be prominent. Then,

there should be a brief section on personal details: address, telephonenumber, nationality and marital status. If you are applying for a post with a


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company in another country, or for a job that requires travel or the use of oneor more foreign languages, you should add your proficiency in thoselanguages: fluent, if you speak a language well; intermediate if it is OK, andbasic if you can just about get by. Incidentally, if you have any nationally orinternationally recognized examination demonstrating your proficiency, it is a

good idea to mention that here (for English: one of the Cambridge Certificatesor the London Chamber of Commerce level 2 or 3 etc.).

This should be followed by a section on qualifications and training,again, as I said earlier, beginning with the most recent and moving back, sothat I can see what you have been up to since your initial training. One difficultthing for us in personnel when evaluating applications from abroad and weare getting more and more is the problem of equivalences. It is of no helpwhatsoever to go round putting down diplomas which only exist in yourcountry, unless you also put in brackets afterwards an approximate Britishequivalent that I can relate to. Another bad habit I have noticed particularlywith the French, for some reason is to put down the name of what is,presumably, some highly prestigious establishment within their own country,on the assumption that everyone knows about it.

It was only recently, for example, that I discovered HEC was a if notthe leading French business school. Before that when I saw on a CVdiploma from HEC, my reaction was simply Oh, this person wasnt goodenough to go to a university. A related difficulty is candidates who just put theEnglish equivalent. I had this problem recently with a young man who claimedhe had an MBA. At interview, however, we discovered he had simplytranslated Studii Aprofundate de Management (literally, a masters degree inmanagement science), so the excellent level of English we were expecting

from someone who had studied in the UK or the States did not materialize.This brings me to another point; it is important to state when and where yougot a qualification.

The next section and the most important is the one on workexperience. Again, this should be in order of most recent first, so I can seewhat you are doing at present and have been doing recently. For those whoare applying for their first job, it is useful to mention any periods ofoccupational training you may have undertaken in a company or companies, orany relevant summer jobs you may have had. In this section, too, just briefly, inalmost note form, list main responsibilities and successes, and so on.

Finally, we in Britain like to know something about a candidates life

outside of work, so a short final section on outside interests is always useful.Again, for those applying for a first job, this can sometimes be a crucialsection. If you have been secretary of your local tennis club or something, itmay be the only opportunity you have had to demonstrate that you are fit forpositions of responsibility.

2. Find words in the text that mean:

a. from the very beginning, immediately;b. using few words, concisec. not serious or important

d. aggressive way of selling somethinge. talk with too much pride and satisfaction


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f. make somebody feel dislike, disgust somebodyg. in or to a foreign country or countriesh. it may supposed to be true

3. Match the words in list A with the words in list B:

A Bliceniat n conducereantreprinderiiliceniat n arteliceniat n tiine umanistediplom de studii aprofundatebacalaureatdiplom de absolvire a unui colegiuliceniat n tiine

BA2-year university diplomaA levelBScMBAMA


1. Choose the most suitable answer a), b) or c):1) Which of the following does not mean recruiting new personnel?

a) taking onb) employingc) dismissing

2) Which part of a Curriculum Vitae (C.V.) gives information about your past workrecord?a) Skillsb) Experiencec) Qualifications

3) Which word is a synonym for candidate?a) applicantb) interviewerc) employer

4) What is a cover letter?a) a letter from your former boss to your new employerb) a letter that you send with your CV to apply for a job

c) a letter informing you that you have been unsuccessful at interview5) Which word means to make a request for a job?a) to applyb) to hirec) to interview

6) Out of 400 applications, 10 candidates were for interview.a) collectedb) rejectedc) selected

7) Applicants are asked to supply from past employers.a) qualifications

b) referencesc) requests


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8) What does to screen candidates mean?a) to invite them for interviewb) to examine their education and work backgroundc) to inform them whether or not they got the job

9) What are routine tasks?

a) special jobsb) ordinary workc) difficult jobs

10) In an interview, what are behavioural questions?a) questions about the candidates paper qualificationsb) questions about their current positionc) questions about how candidates react in certain situations

2. The following words and expressions are all related to RECRUITMENT.Read them carefully, finding a suitable explanation for each of them.Then, complete the following sentences with the right word or phrase

(sometimes there is more than one possibility): to recruit (v) [BE] = to hire (v) [AE]

o recruitment (n) [BE] = hiring (n) [AE]; recruitment agencyo recruit (n)o recruiter (n)

to employ (v)o employment (n); employment agencyo employer (n)o employee (n)

to headhunt (v)o headhunting (n)o headhunter (n)

to advertise (v)o advertisement (n)o advertising (n)o advertiser (n)

to apply for [sth.] (v)o application (n); application formo applicant (n)

to candidate (v)o candidature (n)

o candidate (n) to appoint sb. to a position

o appointment (n) to interview (v)

o interview (n); to attend an interviewo interviewer (n)o interviewee (n)

to select (v)o selection (n)

to assess (v)o assessment (n)

to shortlist (v)o shortlist (n)


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CV [BE] = resume [AE] covering letter [BE] = cover letter [AE] selection process educational qualifications

letter of application

group discussion to offer sb. the/a job to turn the/a job down to accept the/a job

references

1. I hope she, because if she _______ the job, well have to start looking again.2. That last applicant was very strong, but I understand hes had two other

_______ already.3. Theyve finally _______ a new receptionist.4. I phoned to check on my application, but they said theyd already _______

someone.5. This job is so important, I think we need to _______ someone.6. Computer programmers wanted. Only those with UNIX experience should

_______.

7. The selection process has lasted three months, but were going to _______someone next week.

3. Replace the underlined phrases with correct forms of words andexpressions from the previous exercise:

Fred had already (1) refused two job offers when he went for (2) a discussion to seeif he was suitable for the job. They looked at his driving licence and contacted (3)previous employers Fred had mentioned in his application. A few days later, thesupermarket (4) asked him if he would like the job and Fred (5) said yes.Harry didnt hear anything for six weeks, so he phoned the company. They told himthat they had received a lot of (6) requests for the job. After looking at the life storiesof the (7) people asking for the job and looking at (8) what exams they had passedduring their education, the company (9) had chosen six people to interview, (10)done tests on their personality and intelligence and they had then given someone thejob.

4. Insert the following words in the gaps in the text below:

applicant application application form apply candidate curriculum vitae or CV (BE)

or resume (AE) employment

agencies interview job description

job vacancies references short-listed

Many people looking for work read the (1) _______ advertised in newspapers bycompanies and (2) _______. To reply to an advertisement is to (3) _______ for a job.You become a (4) _______ or an (5) _______. You write an (6) _______, or fill in thecompanys (7) _______, and send it, along with your (8) _______ and a coveringletter. You often have to give the names of two people who are prepared to write (9)_______ for you. If your qualifications and abilities match the (10) _______, you

might be (11) _______, i.e. selected to attend an (12) _______


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LANGUAGE FOCUS: Questions and Question Tags

Revision: QUESTIONS

Here are some rules for forming Yes/No questions: when there is an auxiliary or modal verb in the statement, you use the

auxiliary/modal+subject+verb:Can she speak English fluently?Has shebeen to the doctors yet?

when there is no auxiliary or modal verb in the statement, you use do/does/did+ subject + infinitive:Did Nigel go to the party on Friday?Do you like learning English?

Here are some rules for forming Wh-questions: when there is an auxiliary or a modal verb, you use the wh-word +

auxiliary/modal + subject + verb:Where should I hand in my homework?When are you going for your holiday?

when there is no auxiliary or modal verb, you use the wh-word + do/does/did+subject + infinitive:What do you usually do at weekends?When did you pass your driving test?

when the wh-word is the subject of the question, you use the word order of the

statement:Who hasnt done the homework?What happened at the end of the lecture

Practice: QUESTIONS

1. Complete these questions:a) ________ people often ask you for advice?b) ________ you ever lost or found a lot of money?c) ________ you remember the first English words that you learned?d) ________ there something you are really afraid of?e) ________ would you like to be at the moment?f) ________ is the best thing that has ever happened to you?g) ________you like to change anything about yourself?h) ________ long have you known your best friend?i) ________ is your best quality and what is your worst quality as a person?j) ________ has had the greatest influence on your life?

Answer three of the questions above.


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2. Correct the following sentences:a) Yes, English likes me a lotb) My mother is a wifehouse, but she used to be a typewriter.c) I have been learning English since 10 oclock.d) Im interested in spots. Im dying for the basket.

e) I keep fit by joking and i only eat when Im hungry.f) My ankle has grey hairs and he is a begger.g) I am borned to 1992. I am only eighty.h) I learn English because I love them.i) I like travelling by sheep because it is safer and you know a lot of people.j) No, my father never bit me.What is the question in each case? Write the questions.

Revision: QUESTION TAGS

You use question tags to check information or to ask other people if they agree with

you. You form a question tag with an auxiliary or a modal verb and a subjectpronoun. The main patterns for question tags are:

positive statement + negative question tagYou like pizza, dont you?

negative statement + positive question tagYou cantspeak French, can you?

If you are checking information, your voice goes up on the tag:

You havent been to Spain, have you? (You dont know the answer.)

If you are asking somebody to agree with you, your voice goes down the tag:

You live in London, dont you?(You expect the answer to be yes.)

Practice: QUESTION TAGS

1. Match the sentences in list A with the question tags in list B:A.1. You couldnt lend me some money,2. You werent born here,3. You havent read todays newspaper,4. You usually get up late,5. You hadnt seen a university professor before,6. Youd better study more,7. You dont know of any good books on grammar,8. It could be a bit warmer this time of year,9. Im older than you,

10. No one failed the last exam,

B.(a) hadnt you?(b) have you?(c) were you?(d) arent I?(e) do you?(f) could you?(g) did they?(h) couldnt it?(i) dont you?

(j) had you?


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2. Complete these questions with a tag.1. Youve finished high-school, ________?2. You live in a flat, ________?3. You dont have a job, ________?4. Youd rather go to the seaside than back to work,________?

5. You had a difficult exam last year, ________?6. Youve been studying English since the second grade, ________?7. Youve never met any of your group mates before, ________?

SKILLS FOCUS: WRITINGCV (RESUME)

a. Read the answers to the questions from READING, exercise 1.b. Taking into considerations these answers, write your own CV. Type it or

word process it if possible. Pay attention to the layout and featuresdiscussed. (You can download and use the model provided ateuropass.cedefop.europa.eu/europass/.../CVTemplate)

TRANSLATION

Translate the following text into Romanian, having in mind the tips given in thefirst unit:

ScottishPowerplans to create 1,500 new jobs over the next 10 years and hasinvested 3bn ($4.9bn) to improve its high-voltage transmission electricity network inScotland.

The energy company, which is owned by Iberdrola of Spain, said the projectwould include the connection of up to 5GW of renewable energy, helping Scotlandachieve its 2020 carbon reduction targets, and extensive upgrades to the electricitygrid links between England and Scotland.

Four out of five energy industry employees are set to retire over the next 15years, and ScottishPower said it wanted to attract a new generation of workers to theindustry and was encouraging its contractors and companies in the wider supply

chain to do likewise.The company hopes to recruit graduate engineers and apprentices over thenext decade as well as retrain under-25s into highly skilled jobs. Some of the jobs willbe completely new while others will replace people who have retired.

Alex Salmond, Scotlands first minister, said: ScottishPowers plans toupgrade transmission will ensure the grid is capable of carrying increasing suppliesof clean green energy generated to domestic and European markets.

With [Scotlands] plans to harness up to 10GW of offshore capacity inScottish waters by 2020, alongside other renewable sources, it will be essential thatgenerators can distribute power to where it is needed.

(Financial Times, August 17, 2011)

Translate the following sentences into English:
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/984de29c-9131-11e0-9668-00144feab49a.htmlhttp://markets.ft.com/tearsheets/performance.asp?s=es:IBEhttp://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/31e4b954-37a4-11e0-b91a-00144feabdc0.htmlhttp://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/31e4b954-37a4-11e0-b91a-00144feabdc0.htmlhttp://markets.ft.com/tearsheets/performance.asp?s=es:IBEhttp://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/984de29c-9131-11e0-9668-00144feab49a.html


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Potrivit ministrului Muncii, Sebastian Lzroiu, i companiilor de recrutare,angajatorii spanioli apeleaz n continuare la firme de resurse umane din Romania.

Lzroiu a explicat ca, n pofida restriciilor impuse de ctre Spania, piaaforei de munca de acolo are n continuare nevoie de lucrtorii romani. Motivul estefoarte simplu: cetenii spanioli nu sunt interesai sa activeze n anumite domenii i,

prin urmare, angajatorii continua sa apeleze la fora de munca din Romnia.La 22 iulie, guvernul spaniol a introdus restricii pe piaa muncii n ceea ceprivete angajrile de muncitori romni. Comisia Europeana analizeaz condiiileimpuse de spanioli, ntruct, dei acestora nu le este interzis s procedeze n acestmod, trebuie totui, n cazul n care o fac, s aduc dovezi care s justificenecesitatea unei astfel de msuri.

(Financiarul, 9.08.2011)


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Unit 4: APPLYING FOR A JOB


- understand how information is structured in an application letter- write an application letter according to the commonly accepted rules- revise and practice- revise and practice language related to jobs, job application

LEAD IN

1. Try and answer the following questions about yourselves.

If you are still a student.1. What job would you like to do in the future?2. Do you think you have the right personal qualities and skills for the job?3. Which of the items in the lists below would be most important in your job?

If you have a job now.1. What job do you do?2. Why did you choose it?3. What sort of personal qualities and skills do you need for your job? (Some of

the words below may help you.)

1 2 3 4 patience honesty intelligence independence reliability efficiency confidence

humour ambition initiative stamina enthusiasm energy imagination creativity

good manners leadership

qualities a sympathetic

manner ability to work

under pressure

goodcommunicationskills

a sense ofhumour

ability to copein a crisis

2. Now make adjectives where possible from the nouns in lists 1 and 2.

3. Look at these job advertisements. Which job would you prefer? Why?


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TOURISTGUIDE

Do you want to work for one of the most up and coming companies in InternationalTourism? Do you:

know this area well? have experience in dealing with groups? speak at least two languages?

We have a vacancy for a Tourist Guide.

You will need patience, hood humour and excellent communication skills. A smartappearance is essential. Excellent prospects and salary.

Apply in writing to:Personnel Manager, Eurotours, Granada, Spain

(Please enclose your CV)

Trainee SalesManagerRequired

A confident, enthusiastic young person is required to train as a Sales Manager inour foreign book sales department. You will need excellent communication skills,plus a command of English. A smart appearance and pleasant manner areessential. Prospects are excellent for applicants who can take responsibility andwho really want to get to the top.

Apply in writing to:Shortman Publishing House

9, Clifton StreetKensington,

London WC6 8LP

WORK FOR NTV RADIO!New world service radio station is looking fortalented young peoplefor a variety of opportunities, both as presenters and behind the scenes.

Applicants must be imaginative, reliable and self confident. Training will be given where required but a high degree of hard work and

commitment will be demanded in return. Ability to keep cool in a crisis is essential! Applicants must speak good English.

Salary negotiable, depending on experience.Apply in writing, to:

NTV Radio, PO Box 892, London W1

4. What are all the qualities you think you would need for each of the jobs?Make some notes under these headings:

Tourist Guide Sales Manager Radio Presenter


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5. Look at the Tourist Guide advertisement. Underline the most importantdetails which you should refer to in a letter of application.

6. Now imagine you are the Personnel Manager of Eurotours. What sort ofperson are you looking for? What do you need to hear from a good

applicant? How formal would you expect their letter to be?

7. Here are some lines from the letters of application of different candidates.Choose the most appropriate and convincing sentence in each group andgive reasons for your choice.

1) a. I am familiar with this type of work.b. I am totally knowledgeable about this type of work.c. I know this type of work.

2) a. I am quite interested in this type of work.b. I have a genuine interest in this kind of work.

c. I am incredibly keen on and interested in this type of work.3) a. I feel sure my studies recommend me for the job.

b. I hope I am right for this sort of work.c. I am sure I am the best person for the job.

4) a. I can make decisions when it is really necessary.b. I always make the best decisions.c. I am not afraid to make decisions if necessary.

5) a. I am well liked by everybody.b. I can maintain friendly relationships with people.c. I am a friendly person.


1. What information should be included in a letter of application? Whatwould you like a future employer to know about you? What do you thinkthe future employer would like to know about you? Make a list.

2. This is the letter one of the applicants wrote for the job of Tourist Guide.Read it carefully, then answer the following questions:

1. Do you think Eurotours will be impressed by his letter?

2. Has he supplied all the details requested?3. Is the language and style he uses formal or informal? Is this appropriate?4. Has he included any unnecessary information?

5

10

4 Green StreetKensington

London

5 August, 200-Personnel ManagerEurotoursCalle Principal

GranadaSpain


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15

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Dear Sir/Madam,

I saw your advertisement for a Tourist Guide in this weeks edition ofTravel and would like to apply for the post.

As my CV shows, I very well qualified for this job. I studied tourism atLondon University from 1997-2000 and obtained enclosed diploma. As you cansee, this included a special course on tourism in Europe. Since leavingUniversity, I have also done a number of training courses in different aspects ofthe tourist industry (certificates enclosed).

For the past year, I have been working as a courier here in England. Inthis job, my main responsibilities include guiding groups around the city anddealing with bookings and accommodation.

Before that I had a job with Smiths Travel Agency in London. There Ianswered telephone enquiries and dealt with holiday bookings.

My mother is Spanish and I therefore have a perfect understanding of

Spanish people, their language and the country. I know Andalucia especiallywell as I have spent most of my holidays around this region.

As regards languages, I speak Spanish and French fluently. In additionto these, I am at present taking classes in German.

I would now like to broaden my experience as a courier. I would alsowelcome the chance to work for a large company like yours, with the chancesfor promotion this would provide.

In my spare time I play basketball for a local team of which I haverecently been made captain. I also help out with the local youth club.

As you can see from my references, I have plenty of patience and goodhumour. In fact have been named Courier of the Month by our local touristboard on two occasions.

I would be able to come for interview at any time.I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,Chris Jones

3. The words in bold type are important because they help to link the texttogether. They refer back to words or information given earlier in thetext. Find the words they refer to, as shown in the example.

this job (line 16) -> Tourist Guide


1. Complete each sentence from a) to j) with one ending from 1 to 10. Useeach ending once only.

a) If you work hard, the company will give you 4.b) In a different job, I could get a higher

c) The best way to find new staff is to put a/an d) Because he had stolen the money, we decided that


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e) She has a pleasant personality but hasnt got the right f) In the meeting we are going to discuss the g) As he has three young children he doesnt want to h) I think it would be a good idea to send in your i) Im afraid that in this job there arent very good

j) We cannot give you the job without 1. qualifications for a job of this kind.2. advertisement in the local press on Friday.3. application for the job as soon as possible.4. promotion to a more responsible position.5. full time employment at the moment.6. references from your previous employer.7. dismissing him was the only possible action we could take.8. prospects for the future at the moment.9. salary and better conditions of employment.10. appointment of a new sales representative.

2. Choose the most suitable word or phrase underlined in each sentence.

a) The building workers were paid their income / salary / wagesevery Friday.b) Shes only here for three weeks. Its a / an full-time / overtime / temporary job.c) When he retired he received a monthly bonus / pension / reward.d) Apparently she earns / gains / wins over $20,000 a year.e) While the boss is away, Sue will be in charge / in control / in place of the office.f) Could I have two days away / off / out next week to visit my mother?g) Paul was always arriving late, and in the end he was pushed / sacked / thrown.h) When I left the job, I had to hand in my application / dismissal / notice three

weeks beforehand.i) How much exactly do you do / make / take in your new job?j) If you have to travel on company business, we will pay your costs / expenses /

needs.

3. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word or words given, andso that the meaning stays the same. Do not change the words given inany way.

1. Terry works in a different place now.

Terry has a new job now.2. A good boss looks after everyone in the company.3. Im sure you will learn a lot in this job.4. This job is a good way to earn money, but thats all.5. The firm gave me a rise after I had worked there a year.6. The company was profitable last year.7. I had to be interviewed at the head office.8. My monthly salary is $1000.9. Jill is employed by a firm of accountants.10. We advertised the job in the paper.

JOB

EMPLOYEREXPERIENCELIVINGRAISEDMADEATTENDA YEARWORKSPUT

4. Decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space:


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Choosing a jobOne of the most difficult decisions in choosing what to do for a (1) B. For example, doyou want to follow a definite (2) ________, and (3) ________ a low (4) ________ atthe beginning, but have good (5) ________ in a company that trains its (6)________? Or are you more interested in taking any kind of work, because you need

a/an (7) ________? You may have to (8) ________ the fact that a good (9)________ can be difficult to find. In that case, why not take a (10) ________ one?You will gain some useful (11) ________. Remember that even if you have the right(12) ________, you may have to (13) ________ lots of application forms before youare asked to (14) ________ an interview. But dont worry if you dont know what youwant to (15) ________ exactly. Youll enjoy finding out!

1. A) salary2. A) company3. A) earn4. A) money

5. A) hopes6. A) employers7. A) money8. A) face up to9. A) work10. A) temporary11. A) experiences12. A) qualifications13. A) fall through14. A) be15. A) work

B) livingB) trainingB) gainB) profit

B) prospectsB) crewB) cashB) go overB) labourB) overtimeB) experiencedB) examsB) get onB) attendB) job

C) employeeC) businessC) winC) cheque

C) futuresC) staffC) accountC) come up withC) jobC) profitableC) experienceC) lettersC) turn downC) makeC) do

D) workD) careerD) takeD) salary

D) promotionsD) personsD) incomeD) call offD) seatD) shortD) experiencingD) degreesD) fill inD) advertiseD) employ

LANGUAGE FOCUS: Nouns

REVISION

a/ an, zero article (), some, any

Nouns are either countable or uncountable. Uncountable nouns aresometimes called mass nouns. Countable nouns have plural in s or an

irregular plural. Some countable words do not have splural e.g. people. A/anis used with singular nouns.Sue has gota motorbike.

is used with countables and uncountables.I don't like fizzy drinks. I preferstill mineral water.

Someis used with countables and uncountables. Anyis used for questionsand negatives.

We've gotsome lemonade, but we haven't gotany glasses.Have you gotany cups?

Someis used in questions when we ask about something we have a definite

idea about. This is necessary in requests beginning Can/Could.,. ?Have you gotsome lettersfor me?(I think this is probable.)


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Have you gotany lettersfor me?(I don't know the answer.)Can/CouId I havesome more tea, please?

muchand many

Muchis used for uncountables and manyis used for countables. They are

used mainly in questions and negatives.How much money have we got?There isn't much water here.How many chairs are there?There aren't many cushions.

Materials

Materials are uncountableWood burns easily Words for materials often have a countable meaning.

Problems with uncountables

Some words are uncountable grammatically, although we might not expectthis. Examples are:advice, hair, knowledge, spaghetti, English (language), health, luggage, travel,furniture, information, machinery, weather

A singular verb is used:Hisadvice wasvery useful.French isdifficult.

A/ancannot be used.Could I havesome information?Do you haveany luggage?

Alternatives: a/some

Some uncountable words have a different meaning with a/an orsome.a fish(the animal) some fish(a portion of food)a loaf somebread (the material)a coffee(a cup of coffee) some coffee(the material)a paper(a newspaper) some paper(the material)a wood (a small forest) some wood(the material)an iron(for pressing clothes) someiron (the material)a glass(for drinking) some glass(the material)

Alternatives: with a/an or s plural

Some uncountable words usually with zero article have a different meaningwith a/an orsplural.

I can't standnoise. (in general)I hearda strange noise. I keep hearingnoises.(specific) Nouns ending -ingusually have a general meaning and are uncountable, but

some also have countable meanings.Do you likedrawing/painting?(in general)I boughta painting/a drawinglast week. (specific) Some nouns change meaning with a/an but cannot have splural.Educationis very important. (in general)Diana hada very good education. (her time at school)Knowledgecan be dangerous!(in general)

A knowledgeof boats is useful. (knowing about a subject) Other problems


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news - singular verbThe news ison. money -singular verbThereisn't any money.

police - plural verb

The policearecoming. Government/Army-singular or plural verbThe Government has/havedecided toresign. scissors/trousers always pluralWhereare my scissors?I boughtsome newtrousers.

PRACTICE

1. Choose the correct word or phrase underlined in each sentence:

1. How much / How many spaghetti have we got?2. Where is / are my new trousers?3. I put some / any chocolate somewhere, but where is it?4. Peter went to buy a / some glass so he could fix the broken windows.5. Im afraid we havent got much / many time.6. The news is / are on at 9.00.7. How much / How many furniture shops are there?

8. Ive found the milk but I cant find a / some glass.9. Could you give me some / any orange juice, please?10.Marys advice was / were not very useful.

2. Put one word in each space. Put a dash (-) if the space should be blank.

1. My trousers need ironing. Have you got _____ iron?2. Could you go to the bakers a buy _____ loaf, please?3. Id like _____ information about trains to Paris.4. Tina has _____ very good health.5. The war ended _____ years ago.

6. Jane isnt very good at _____ drawing.7. Harry didnt have _____ very good education.8. Vanessa bought _____ paper and read it on the bus.9. Could you give me _____ advice, please?10. Do you know _____ people in this village?

3. Choose the most suitable word underlined:

1. Id love to go on a longjourney/travel by train.2. Whats the latest news? Can I look at yourpaper/journal?3. I want to know about trains to Leeds. Can you give me a / an information /

timetable?4. Heres your ticket. Do you have any luggage/suitcase?


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5. Dont forget to buy a sliced bread/loaf.6. Why dont we leave the car in this car park/parking?7. I cant come to work today I have a bad cold/flu.8. Excuse me sir, but do you have a licence/permission for this gun?9. Brighton has quite a good beach/seaside.

10.Im going out tonight with a few of my company/friends.

4. Put one suitable word in each space:

1. Im looking for ______. Do you know anywhere I can stay?2. Take my ______, dont go out alone after dark.3. The government plans to improve ______ by paying teachers more.4. Can you lend me some ______? I want to type a letter.5. I need some ______ about language schools. Can you help me?6. Richard is unemployed, and he is looking for a ______.7. Could I have some ______? Those apples and oranges look nice.

8. I used to have long ______, but I had it cut.9. I cant do this on my own. Could you give me some ______?10.If you cant undo the knot, cut the string with some ______.

SKILLS FOCUS: WRITING - Letter of Application

a. Study this spidergraph. It is the plan Chris Jones made before he wrote theletter of application you read earlier.

b. Write a letter of application for one of the jobs advertised at the beginning ofthis unit.

letter

Hobbiesbasketballyouth club

Availability for interview

anytime

Languages

Sp & Fr

classes in German

Past experience

Smiths Travel Agency

- telephone and holiday

bookings

References

patiencegood humour

Present job

courier here in England

-guiding & booking

Training / Qualifications

DiplomaLondon Univ.

Training courses

Knowledge of area

Mum SpanishHolidays -


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TRANSLATION

Translate the following text into Romanian:

When you apply for a job you are typically asked to complete an employmentapplication. You may be asked to complete a job application even if you have alreadysubmitted a resume and cover letter. That way, the employer has a record of yourpersonal and employment history, verified and signed by the applicant.

It's important for your job applications to be complete, correct (no errors) andaccurate. Here is the information you will need to complete an application foremployment and tips and suggestions for writing applications that make a greatimpression.

Regardless of whether you complete an online job application or apply in-person, make sure you have all information you need ready before you apply for ajob.

(http://jobsearch.about.com/cs/jobapplications/a/jobapplication.htm)

Translate the following text into English:

Pentru cei decii sa-si gseasc un loc de munca, ofertele nu sunt extrem de greu degsit. Site-urile specializate, trgurile de joburi, ageniile de recrutare, anunurile deprin ziare sau chiar cele afiate prin faculti pot fi de ajutor. Reprezentaniistudenilor susin ns c cel mai fericit caz este acela n care oferta vine la student i

nu invers, acest lucru fiind posibil daca tnrul sau tnra respectiv se evideniazn activiti extracuriculare printre care se numr i cele organizate de asociaiilestudeneti. Cum aceasta metod reprezint ns mai mult o excepie dect o regul,toate celelalte metode au avantajele lor i merit ncercate.

(http://www.9am.ro/stiri-revista-presei/Social/44289/Cum-sa-ti-gasesti-un-job-bine-platit.html)


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Unit 5: WORK AND MOTIVATION


- understand how information is structured in a summary- write a short argumentative essay based on the topic of the unit- revise and practice language related to work and motivation

LEAD IN

Which words do the following sentences define?

1. To inspire, to induce, to give a reason or incentive for someone to dosomething.

A. motivate B. promote C. provoke2. A person employed by someone else, working for money.

A. earner B. employee C. employer3. Relations between employers, managers and workers, management and

unions.A. human relations B. labour relations C. labour unions

4. Having control of something as part of your job.A. command B. power C. responsibility

5. Money paid (per hour or day or week) to manual workers.A. earnings B. salary C. wages

6. A fixed regular payment made by employers, usually monthly for professionalor office work.

A. earning B. salary C. wages7. Advantages that come with a job, apart from wages or salary.

A. benefits B. profits C. supplements8. To be raised to a higher rank or better job.

A. motivation B. promotion C. sales promotion9. Knowing that there is little risk of losing ones job.

A. bureaucracy B. job safety C. job security

10. Having particular abilities, acquired by training.A. educated B. skilled C. talented


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1. Which of the following statements seem to you to be generally true?

1. People dislike work and avoid it if they can.

2. Work is necessary to peoples psychological well-being.3. People avoid responsibility and would rather be told what to do.4. People are motivated mainly by money.5. Most people are far more creative and ingenious than their employers realise.6. People are motivated by anxiety about their security.7. People want to be interested in their work and, given the right conditions, they

will enjoy it.8. Under the right conditions, most people will accept responsibility and want to

realise their own potential.

2. You may have noticed that the statements above can be separated into twogroups reflecting two very different ways in which employers can treat theiremployees. These two approaches were summarised by a well-knownAmerican theorist of the psychology of work, Douglas McGregor, whonamed them Theory X and Theory Y. Read the following text and thenclassify the statements above according to which theory they support.

Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Theory

THEORY X AND THEORY Y

In The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor outlined two opposingtheories of work and motivation. What he calls theory X is the traditional approach toworkers and working which assumes that people are lazy and dislike work, and thatthey have to be both threatened (for example, with losing their job) and rewarded. Itassumes that most people are incapable of taking responsibility for themselves andhave to be looked after. Theory Y, on the contrary, assumes that people have apsychological need to work and want achievement and responsibility.

Later theorists argued that Theory Y makes much greater demands on bothworkers and managers than McGregor realised. Abraham Maslow, for example,spent a year studying at a Californian company that used Theory Y, and concluded

that its demands for responsibility and achievement are excessive for many people.He pointed out that there always weak and vulnerable people, with little self-discipline, who need protection against the burden of responsibility. Even strong andhealthy people need the security of order and direction. Managers cannot simplysubstitute Theory Y for Theory X. They have to replace the security provided byTheory X with a different structure of security and certainty.

3. Read the text again and complete the following sentences, using your ownwords as much as possible.

1. According to Theory X, employers have to threaten workers because 2. According to Theory Y, employers should give their workers responsibilities

because


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3. Maslow criticised Theory Y because 4. Maslow argued that even though they might want to be given responsibilities

at work

4. One of the most important functions of a manager is to motivate the

employees under his or her authority. But how? What kind of thingsmotivates you? Which of the following factors have been or will beimportant for you in your choice of a job? Classify them in order ofimportance.

good administration and good labourrelations

good working conditions: enough space,light, heat and time, not too much noise,and so on

an adequate wage or salary, and benefits

such as paid holidays, sick pay, apension, and so on

job security a challenging, interesting and

creative job responsibility contact with people opportunities to travel holidays

Are there any other important factors that are not listed here?

5. Another well-known theorist of the psychology of work, Frederick Herzberg,has argued that many of the featured listed above do not in fact motivatepeople. Read the following text and find out why.

SATISFIERS AND MOTIVATORS

It is logical to suppose that things like good labour relations, good workingconditions, good wages and benefits, and job security motivate workers. But in Workand the Nature of Man, Frederick Hertzberg argued that such conditions do notmotivate workers. They are merely satisfiers or, more importantly, dissatisfierswhere they do not exist. Motivators, on the contrary, include things such as having achallenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility, promotion, and so on.

However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there areand always will be plenty of boring, mindless, repetitive and mechanical jobs in allthree sectors of the economy, and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.

So how domanagers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give

them some responsibilities, not as individuals but as part of a team. For example,some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and thepeople who work on the checkout tills into a team and let them decide what productlines to stock, how to display them every couple of hours, as doing four differentrepetitive jobs a day is better than doing only one. Many people now talk about theimportance of a companys shared values or corporate culture, with which all thecompany can identify: for example, being the best hotel chain, or hamburgerrestaurant chain, or airline, or making the best, the safest, the most user-friendly, themost ecological or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values aremore likely to motivate workers than financial targets, which ultimately only concern afew people. Unfortunately, there is only a limited number of such goals to go round,

and by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously claimto be the best.


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6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences using your ownwords as much as possible.

1. Hertzberg suggested that good labour relations and working conditions 2. According to Herzberg, the kind of things that motivate

3. The problem with saying that only challenging, interesting and responsiblejobs are motivating is that

4. Ways of motivating people in unskilled jobs include 5. The problem with trying to motivate workers by the belief that their company is

the best is that


1. Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word given.

a) Nowadays it is very important to get a good education. EDUCATEb) Our company helps _________ people to find new jobs. EMPLOYc) Paul has good ideas, but writes very _________. CAREd) Helen has become a _________ businesswoman. SUCCEEDe) I hope to leave school with some useful _________. QUALIFYf) Mr Dale was my _________ for ten years, and paid me well. EMPLOYg) According to the _________, the French lesson starts at ten. TIMEh) Cathy has three jobs, so she has a high _________. COME

i) Johns _________ of history is amazing for a boy of his age. KNOWj) All the _________ in this company are given free meals. EMPLOY

2. Match each sentence a) to j) with a sentence 1) to 10) with a similarmeaning.

a) She was given the sack. 7)b) She got a risec) She got a promotion.d) She retirede) She applied for the job.

f) She resignedg) She was unemployed.h) She did it for a living.i) She was ambitious.j) She was conscientious.

1) She was given a better job.2) She answered an advertisement.3) She decided to leave.4) She did the job carefully.5) She didnt have a job.

6) She earned her money that way.7) She was dismissed.8) She wanted a better job.9) She was old and stopped work.10) She was given more money.

3. Complete each sentence with a word from the box. The words can beused more than once.

business job living work

1. Jack makes his livingworking as a journalist.2. She has just left to go to _______, Im afraid.


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3. They worked very hard and now they have their own _______.4. There are still two million people without _______.5. Some _______-men came and dug a hole in the road outside.6. The cost of _______ has risen greatly over recent years.7. Stop interfering! This is none of your _______.

8. Lucy has got a very good _______ in an international company.9. I cant come out tonight. Ive got too much _______ to do.10. An early _______ by Picasso was sold for $2,000,000.

LANGUAGE FOCUS: Articles

REVISION

Zero articleZero article is used when a general statement is made.

Plurals: Dogsare not allowed in this shop. (Compare: The dogs next doorbark all night. Here we are referring to some particular dogs, not to dogs ingeneral.)

Uncountables: Milkis good for you. (Compare: The milk on the top shelfisfat-free.)

This group includes:Abstract ideas

Food and drinkLanguagesMaterialsVerbal Nouns

Waris a terrible thing.

I lovechocolate. I don't likeorange juice.Spanishis spoken by about 300 million people.This chair is made ofplasticandleather.Speakingis not permitted during the examination.

Buildings and purposeZero article is used with certain buildings when their purpose is important.Jim is inprison(He committed a crime. - Compare: My company is repairingthe prison.)Words of this type are:

- be in orgo to: hospital, prison, bed, class, court- be atorgo to: work, school, university, sea- others - be at home, go home

Countries, states and citiesZero article is used with most countries.

Marie comes fromFrance.Countries which are a group or plural have a definite article.

Limba Engleza Semestrul I

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