Cursuri Limba Engleza

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8/9/2019 Cursuri Limba Engleza http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cursuri-limba-engleza 1/84 CURS DE LIMBA ENGLEZA   ALFABETUL ENGLEZESC (The English Alphabet ) a/ei/  b/bi:/ c/ci:/ d/di:/ e/i:/ f/ef/ g/d3i:/ h/eit∫/ i/ai/  j/d3ei/ k/kei/ l/el/ m/em/ n/en/ o/ou/  p/pi:/ q/kju:/ r/a:/ s/es/ t/ti:/ u/ju:/ v/vi:/ w/’d/\blju:/ x/eks/ /wai/ !/!ed VERBUL(The Verb   DEFINITIE(De!initi"n.Verbul este partea de vorbire care exprima o actiune# o stare# un proces# manifestarea sau modificarea unei insusiri# o atitudine# avand forme gramaticale caracteristice determinate de aspect# diate!a# mod# timp# persoana si numar# si indeplinind functia sintactica de predicat$  CLASIFICARE(Classi!i#ati"n %$ &in punctul de vedere al structurii morfologice exista verbe:  1. simple'e$g$:to go(a merge)  2. compuse 'e$g$:to broadcast(a transmite)#to side'track(a gara) 3.cu particula adverbiala'e$g$:to agree with(a fi de acord cu) 4.formate prin derivare  a)cu prefixe'e$g$: en'to enricle(a incercui) un'to unlock(a descuia) over'to overthrow(a rasturna) with'to withdraw(a se retrage)  b) cu sufixe'e$g$:'en to deepen(a se adanci) 'f'to terif(a ingro!i) 'i!e'to caracteri!e(a caracteri!a) 5. cu prepozitie obligatori e'e$g$:to listen to(a asculta) 6. locutiuni verbale'e$g$:to take care of(a avea grija de) %%$&in punctul de vedere al sensului lexical exista verbe: 1.predicative (formea!a singure predicat)e$g$:% saw ou(*e'am va!ut) 2.nepredicative : a).verbele copulative(be# appear# seem# look# turn# become# get# grow# remain# sta# feel# keep# prove)e$g$:+e seems ill$ (,are bolnav)  b).verbele auxiliare (be# have# shall/should# will/would# ma/might# can/could# do# let)e$g$:+e was told a lie$(% s'a spus o minciuna)  -he was tring to sing$(%ncerca sa cante) c).verbele modale(can/could# must# ma/might# shall/should# will/would# ought to# need# dare)e$g$:+e must see this pla$ (*rebuie sa vada aceasta piesa)  %%%$%n limba engle!a verbul are trei forme de ba!a: 1)Infinitivul (*he %nfinitive)'. 2)Trecutul simplu(,ast *ense)'.0 3)articipiul trecut (,ast ,articiple)'.3  %n functie de aceste trei forme# verbele se grupea!a in doua mari categorii:

Transcript of Cursuri Limba Engleza

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CURS DE LIMBA ENGLEZA

 

 ALFABETUL ENGLEZESC 

(The English Alphabet )

a/ei/ b/bi:/c/ci:/d/di:/e/i:/f/ef/g/d3i:/h/eit∫/i/ai/ j/d3ei/k/kei/

l/el/m/em/

n/en/o/ou/ p/pi:/q/kju:/r/a:/s/es/t/ti:/u/ju:/v/vi:/w/’d/\blju:/x/eks/

/wai/!/!ed

VERBUL(The Verb

   DEFINITIE(De!initi"n.Verbul este partea de vorbire care exprima o actiune# o stare# un proces# manifestareasau modificarea unei insusiri# o atitudine# avand forme gramaticale caracteristice determinate de aspect# diate!a# mod#timp# persoana si numar# si indeplinind functia sintactica de predicat$  CLASIFICARE(Classi!i#ati"n

%$ &in punctul de vedere al structurii morfologice exista verbe:  1. simple'e$g$:to go(a merge)

  2. compuse'e$g$:to broadcast(a transmite)#to side'track(a gara)3.cu particula adverbiala'e$g$:to agree with(a fi de acord cu)4.formate prin derivare

 a)cu prefixe'e$g$: en'to enricle(a incercui) un'to unlock(a descuia) over'to overthrow(a rasturna) with'to withdraw(a seretrage) b) cu sufixe'e$g$:'en to deepen(a se adanci) 'f'to terif(a ingro!i) 'i!e'to caracteri!e(a caracteri!a)

5. cu prepozitie obligatorie'e$g$:to listen to(a asculta)6. locutiuni verbale'e$g$:to take care of(a avea grija de)

%%$&in punctul de vedere al sensului lexical exista verbe:1.predicative(formea!a singure predicat)e$g$:% saw ou(*e'am va!ut)2.nepredicative :

a).verbele copulative(be# appear# seem# look# turn# become# get# grow# remain# sta# feel# keep# prove)e$g$:+e seems ill$

(,are bolnav) b).verbele auxiliare(be# have# shall/should# will/would# ma/might# can/could# do# let)e$g$:+e was told a lie$(% s'a spus ominciuna)  -he was tring to sing$(%ncerca sa cante)c).verbele modale(can/could# must# ma/might# shall/should# will/would# ought to# need# dare)e$g$:+e must see this pla$(*rebuie sa vada aceasta piesa) %%%$%n limba engle!a verbul are trei forme de ba!a:1)Infinitivul (*he %nfinitive)'.2)Trecutul simplu(,ast *ense)'.03)articipiul trecut (,ast ,articiple)'.3  %n functie de aceste trei forme# verbele se grupea!a in doua mari categorii:

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1)verbe regulate(1egular .erbs)'formea!a ,ast *ense(.0) si ,ast ,articiple(.3) prin adaugarea desinentei 2ed sau 2d lainfinitivul scurt$ e$g$:%nfinitive (.) ,ast *ense(.0) ,ast ,articiple(.3)  to work worked worked(a munci)2)verbe neregulate(%rregular .erbs)e$g$:to choose chose chosen(a alege)$%n limba engle!a# verbul are urmatoarele categorii gramaticale!aspect"diateza"mod"timp"numar si persoana.

 AS$ECTUL(spect) repre!inta forma verbului prin care se exprima durata actiunii sau a starii$%n limba engle!a exista trei aspecte: I.1.#omun(*he %ndefinite spect)'actiunea este obisnuita'e$g$:+e spoke to them(4l le'a vorbit)  2.#ontinuu(*he 5ontinuous spect)'actiunea este in curs de desfasurare intr'un anumit moment:e$g$: % am speaking now( .orbesc acum)

 II.1.erfectiv(,erfective)'actiunea este terminata intr'un anumit moment(,erfect -imple)  e$g$:% had finished it(*erminasem)  0$6on',erfectiv(6on',erfective)'actiunea este inceputa anterior si este inca in desfasurare(,erfect 5ontinuous)  e$g$:% have been speaking for two hours$(.orbesc de doua ore) III.$recventativ'creat cu ajutorul lui will/would#used to'$e$g$:*he used to get up at six o’clock$(7bisnuiau sa se tre!eascala ora sase)

 DIATEZA(V"i#e )

&iate!a exprima o relatie de sens gramatical intre subiect si predicat$ I.%iateza activa&'ctive (oice)arata ca actiunea este savarsita de subiectul gramatical$  e$g$:8irds of a feather flock together$(,rov$)5ine seamana se'aduna(,asarile care au pene la fel se'aduna la unloc) II.%iateza asiva&assive (oice)

.erbul9to be9/9to get9/9to become9 ,ast ,articiple(.3)5omplementul de agent inclus de prepo!itia ;b9$ e$g$*he ,roposal was supported b all those present$(,ropunerea a fost sprijinita de catre toti cei pre!enti)

  <ar sent the letter$(<ar a expediat scrisoarea)'diate!a activa  *he letter was sent b <ar$(-crisoarea a fost expediata de catre <ar)'diate!a pasiva

 M%DUL(M""& )rata felul in care vorbitorul considera actiunea din punctul de vedere al posibilitatii de indeplinire a ei in realitate$ %nlimba engle!a exista:

$<7&=1% ,41-76>4'(pot forma predicatul unei propo!itii):  a$%ndicativ(*he %ndicative <ood)'actiunea este reala  b$5onditional(*he 5onditional)'actiunea este dorita sau conditionata  c$-ubjonctiv(*he -ubjunctive)'actiunea este ireala sau presupusa  d$%mperativ( *he %mperative)'actiunea este sugerata direct0$<7&=1% 64,41-76>4  a$%nfinitivul(*he %nfinitive)?to .  b$@erundul(*he @erund)?.' ing  c$,articipiul ,re!ent(,resent ,articiple)?.'ing  d$,articipiul *recut(,ast ,articiple)?.3

 TIM$UL(Tense

  *%<,=> este categoria gramaticala care se refera la ordinea evenimentelor in timp# asa cum este perceputa devorbitor in momentul vorbirii$%n anali!a timpului trebuie luate in consideratie trei elemente:a$ momentul vorbirii  b$ momentul savarsirii actiunii  c$ axa sau momentul de referinta%n limba engle!a exista urmatorul sistem de timpuri:  pe axa pre!entului:,resent# ,resent ,erfect# Auture  pe axa trecutului:,ast *ense# ,ast ,erfect# Auture in the ,ast  pe axa viitorului:6ear Auture# Auture ,erfect#Auture -imple

0

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  Auture -imple  ,resent 6ear Auture Auture

,ast *ense Auture ,resent ,erfect now /xa viitorului,ast ,erfect then in the ,ast /xa ,re!entuluixa trecutului 67B(acum)?the moment of speach(momentul vorbirii)$Aata de acest moment# care constituie axa de referinta a pre!entului# evenimentele sunt:  anterioare' ,resent ,erfect simultane' ,resent  posterioare'Auture*+46(atunci)?un moment din trecut poate fi repre!entat de adverbe precum: esterda# two das ago #last week# etc$ %nraport cu acest moment anterior momentului vorbirii# si care da nastere axei de referinta a trecutului# evenimentele sunt:anterioare',ast ,erfect  simultane',ast *ens  posterioare'Auture in the ,ast

%n raport cu un anume eveniment posterior momentului vorbirii(*+46)# pe axa viitorului# evenimentele sunt:anterioare'6ear Auture# Auture ,erfect  simultane'Auture -imple 

 LESS%N '

)% AND )AT ARE *%U +

@ood morning# everbodCBho are ouD % am .istinia$Bho is heD +e is <ichael$Bho is sheD -he is <rs$ 8rown$Bho are ouD Be are <r$ and <rs$ 8rown$Bho are theD *he are <r$ and <rs$ -mith$Bhat are ouD %’m a doctor$Bhat is heD +e is an engineer$Bhat is sheD -he is a teacher$Bhat are ouD Be are doctors$

Bhat are theD *he are engineers$Bhat are ou# <rs$ -mithD % am a woman# an economist$Eou are an economist and % am a teacher$Bhat is <r$ -mithD +e is a man# an engineer# he is not a journalist$Bhat is <r$ 8rownD +e is a lawer$Bhat is <rs$ 8rownD -he is a lawer# too$*he are both lawers$<iss 8rown is a tpist$ -he is an office'worker$%sn’t she a translatorD 6o# she isn’t$%s <iss 8rown a studentD Ees# she is$ -he’s a ver good student$Fohn is a bo$ +e is a schoolbo$

Bhat is he likeD +e is short and fat$<ar is a girl$ -he is a schoolgirl$Bhat is she likeD -he is tall and thin$Be are all students$re the also studentsD 6o# the aren’t$ *he are engineers$re ou an 4nglishmanD 6o# % am not# % am a 1omanian$ % am a 1omanian citi!en$+ow are ouD %’m fine$ *hank ou$ I. 'ns*er t+e ,uestions!

  $Bho are ouD 0$Bhat are ouD 3$re ou a man or a womanD G$ Bhat is <rs$ 8rownD H$ Bhat is <r$ 8rownDI$Bhat is <rs$ -mithDJ$ %sn’t she a tpistD K$ Bhat is <r$ -mithD L$%sn’t he an architectDM$ Bhat is <iss 8rownD $

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Bhat is <arD 0$ Bhat is FohnD3$Bho is a schoolboD G$Bhat is Fohn likeD H$%s <ar fat and shortDI$Bhat is shelikeD J$Bhat are ou allD K$Bhat am %D L$re ou a 1omanianD0M$+ow are ouD II.%escritiva in cateva cuvinte. -puneti cine sunteti si cu ce va ocupati$ III. Traduceti in limba engleza!

$ 6u suntem noi cu totii studenti D &a# suntem$0$ 4l este inginer sau economist D3$ 5ine esti tu DG$ 5e esti tu DH$ 4sti economist sau medicDI$ 6u esti inginerDJ$ 4i sunt elevi sau studentiDK$ 4i sunt# de asemenea# economisti D 6u# nu sunt# ei sunt profesori$L$ 5e este domnul -mith# arhitect sau inginer D M$ &omnisoara 8rown este o studenta foarte buna $$ 4a este dactilografa sau profesoara D0$ 6u este <ar economista D 6u# nu este este eleva$Bhat isN 5are este$$$

N our professionD N profesia dv$D  Nour occupationD N ocupatia dv$D  Nour tradeD N meseria dv$DBhat kind of work do ou doD 5e(fel de) munca prestatiD

% am a teacher % give lessons in 4nglish >iterature 4u sunt profeor predau lectii de literaturaat a languages school$ engle!a la o scoala de limbi straine$% am a housewife % look after m children# % do 4u sunt casnica am grija de copiii mei# facthe rooms and cook the meals of the da$ curatenie si gatesc mesele !ilei$% do(a lot of)field'work %m am up to m ees in 4u fac(multa) munca de teren sunt ocupatwork$ pana peste cap$% am a phsician % attend and cure the sick ones$ 4u sunt medic ingrijesc si vindec bolnavii$% am a lawer % defend m clients$ 4u sunt avocat eu imi apar clientii$% am still a student %’m studing to become a 4u sunt inca student invat pentru a deveni phsicist$ fi!ician$Bhat kind of work are ou best fitted forD ,entru ce munca esti cel mai bine pregatitD% possess the -chool'>eaving 5ertificate of theN ,osed certificatul de absolvire alN

% have graduated +perion =niversit where % -unt absolvent al =niversitatii +periontook m degree inN unde am obtinut diploma inN% want to appl for the jobN*hat job suits me$ &oresc sa oferte! pentru postulN-erviciul

acesta imi convine$% have a good knowledge ofN m cunostinte bune inNBhat prospects are there for meD 5e perspective am aiciD+ave ou got a full'time job or a part'time jobD veti norma intreaga sau partialaDBhat is our salar/wageD 5e salariu avetiDre ou paid b the da/b the week/b the monthD -unteti platit cu !iua/cu saptamana/cu lunaDBhat is our earl incomeD 5are este venitul dv$ anualD< salar/wage amounts toNa month but we -alariul meu se ridica laNpe luna darexpect a wage'rise next autumn$ asteptam majorarea salariilor la toamna$

G

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@1<<1 

 INDICATIVUL $REZENT AL VERBULUI ,,T% BE,, 

(The $resent In&i#ati-e "! the Verb .t" be/,

.erbul 9to be9 are trei forme:am# is# are

Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ

( Negativ)% am % am not m % (not) DEou are Eou are not re ou (not) D+e %s +e is not %s he (not) D-he %s -he is not %s she (not) D%t %s %t is not %s it (not) DBe are Be are not re we (not) DEou are Eou are not re ou (not) D*he are *he are not re the (not) D

%’m#ouOre#

 %Om not# ouOre not (ou arenOt)

renOt ou D 

Aormecontrase

heOs#sheOs#itOs#

heOs not (he isnOt)#sheOs not (she isnOt)#itOs not(it isnOt)

%snOt heD%snOt she D%snOt it D

weOre#weOre not(we arenOt)#

renOt we D

ouOre  ouOre not

(ou arenOt)  renOt ou D

theOre  theOre not

(the aren’t)  renOt the D

in vorbire se folosesc de preferinta formele contrase

.erbul 9to be9 si verbele modale formea!a negativul adaugand negatia not(n’t):% am not'%’m not/% can not'% can’t1. #ompletati spatiile libere cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului to be/!

$ %tN a book$ 0$ Fohn and Fack$$$ students$ 3$ %$$$ a teacher$ G$ -he$$$ a housewife$ H$*he$$$ engineers$ I$ <r$ 8lack$$$ anarchitect$ J$ Be$$$ economists$ K$ Eou$$$ an engineer$ L$<rs$ -mith$$$ an economist$ M$ Eou$$$ office'workers$

 2.Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la interogativ" negativ si interogativ negativ :$ % am a student$ 0$ <rs$ 8lack is a housewife$ 3$ +e is tall$ G$ Eou are a tpist$ H$ *he

are schoolgirls$ I$ Be are students$ J$ -he is a 1omanian$ 3.0aspundeti la intrebari" conform modelului : odel : %s he an economist# or a teacherD

+e is an economist# he isnOt a teacher$

$ %s she a tpist or a housewifeD 0$ m % an engineer or an architectD 3$ %s he a schoolbo or a studentD G$ re weeconomists or doctorsD H$ re ou an office ' worker or a schoolgirlD I$ %s he tall or shortD J$ %s she fat or thinD K$ re oua 1omanian or an 4nglishmanD L$ re ou students or teachersD 4.uneti intrebari la urmatoarele propozitii si raspundeti" conform modelului! .

<odel: +e is a teacher$Bho is a teacherD +e is$

$ -he is a doctor$ 0$ Be are economists$ 3$ *he are engineers$ G$ +e is an architect$ H$ 8ob is a schoolbo$ I$ <iss 8rownis a tpist$ J$ % am an economist$ K$ Eou are a teacher$

H

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 ARTIC%LUL NE)%TARAT 

(The In!e!inite Arti#le

 0eguli    xemple

'se asea!a inaintea substantivului pe care a book'o carte il determina a teacher ' un profesor  ' are forma ##a9 cand cuvantul care urmea!a a woman ' o femeieincepe cu un sunet consonantic sau semivocalic ' are forma PanP cand cuvantul care urmea!a an 4nglish book 2 o carte de engle!aincepe cu un sunet vocalic ' are aceeasi forma indiferent de genul si a man ' un barbatca!ul substantivului pe care il determina a woman ' o femeie  a book ' o carte 'se intrebuintea!a inaintea substantivelor % am an engineer'-unt inginer$ce denumesc o profesie# nationalitatea sau % am a man$'-unt barbat$inaintea substantivelor 9man9#’’woman9#9child9$

 .#ompletati spatiile libere cu articole ne+otarate:

$*his child wasNgreat confort to her in her misfortune$0$7ur leader hasNstrong will$3$ coward is known to have Nweak will$G$%t is N great hardship to spend a night in winter in the open$H$-he seldom catches cold# but when she catchesit# it isNbad cold$I$%t wasNunexpected stroke of good luck$J$*his is Nunbearable illness$K$%t isNprett sight to seechildren plaing$2.%ati forma corecta a articolului ne+otarat folosit cu urmatoarele substantive !

economist# student# tpist$ tourist# engineer# house# room# desk# 4nglishman# schoolgirl# bird# office# bo# citi!en# architect#classroom$

 $R%NUMELE $ERS%NALE 

($ers"nal $r"n"0ns

-ingular lural  

%$ % Be %%$ Eou Eou

%%%$+e #-he# %t *he

' ,ronumele personal ## %9 se scrie intotdeauna cu majuscula $' ,ronumele personal persoana a %%%'a sg$ neutru ##it9inlocuieste substantive ce denumescobiecte# animale si notiuni abstracte$

1.Inlocuiti substantivele subliniate cu pronumele personale corespunzatoare:$ <rs. -mit+ is an economist$ 0. ob is a schoolbo$ 3. r. lac  is a good engineer$ G. iss ro*n is a tpist$ H. ar isa schoolgirl$ I$ ac  and o+n are students$ J. ob and I  are economists$ 

I

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 LESS%N 1

)AT IS T)IS +

  @ood afternoon# everbod C  Bhat is thisD *his is a classroom$ *his classroom is large and bright$*here are a lot of things in this classroom : atable# man desks# a blackboard# a map# a picture and a lamp$  *his is the door and that is the window$ *his door is closed and that window is open$ *his is the table and that is thechair$ *his table is ellow and that chair is brown$ *his is the floor and that is the ceiling$  *hese are the books and those are the exercise'books$ *hese books are open# and those exercise'books are shut$*hese are the pencils and those are the fountain'pens$  %s there a bookcase in the classroomD 6o# there isn’t$  %sn’t there a picture on the wallDEes# there is$  *here are man desks in the classroom$  ren’t there man 4nglish books on these desksD Ees# there are$  re there man tables in the classroomD 6o# there aren’t$ *here is onl one$ I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari:$%s this a classroom or an officeD 0$Bhat is there in the classroomD 3$%s the door openD G$%s the window closedD H$%s thetable ellow or brownD I$re there man desks in the classroomD J$Bhat are there on the desksD K$%s there a map on thewallD II.uneti colegului intrebari legate de lucrurile existente in clasa voastra.

 III. Traduceti in limba engleza :

$ ceasta$este o clasa mare si luminoasa $ -unt o multime de lucruri aici: o masa # o tabla# multe pupitre si scaune$ ,e pupitre sa afla carti# caiete# creioane si stilouri$ 5artile sunt deschise# caietele sunt inchise$ ,e pereti sunt doua tablouri sio harta $ =sa este inchisa# fereastra este deschisa $0$ -unt multi studenti in clasa D 3$ cela este plafonul sau podeauaD G$ <asa este neagra sau maroD H$ -e afla o cartedeschisa pe pupitrul acelaD I$ %n clasa se afla numai o tabla$

@1<<1 

 ARTIC%LUL )%TARAT 

(The De!inite Arti#le

 0eguli xemple

rticolul hotarat :' se asea!a inaintea substantivului the table ' masa pe care i determina 'are aceeasi forma #indiferent de genul# the man ' barbatulca!ul si numarul substantivului pe care the woman ' femeiail determina'se articulea!a cu articol hotarat substantivele on the table ' pe masa precedate de o prepo!itie$ in the classroom 2in clasa1.Traduceti in limba engleza!

$*oti baietii sunt acolo$ 0$&a'mi# te rog# sarea$ 3$Aamilia este jos# la parter$G$=nde este carteaDH$4l este la biblioteca$I$-oarele rasare din est$2.#ompletati spatiile libere cu articolul potrivit!

$&o ou plaNpianoD0$+e doesn’t like goose but he findNgoose ou have at our dinner delicious$ 

C%NSTRUCTIILE /.T)ERE IS.2 .T)ERE ARE. (There is2 There are

Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ (Negativ)

*here is *here is not %s there (not)D*here are *here are not re there (not)D

Aorme contrase  *here’s not(there isnOt)#

(there’re not)  %sn’t thereD

*here’s#thereOre (there aren’t) renOt thereDJ

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ceste constructii se asea!a inaintea subiectului logic al propo!itiei# pe care il anticipea!a si cu care se acorda innumar$ xemple:*here is a blackboard in the classroom$' 4xista o tabla in clasa $*here are man desks in the classroom$'4xista multe pupitre in clasa $1.#ompletati spatiile libere cu forme ale verbului 78to be88!

$*here $$$ a lot of exercise ' books on the desks$ 0$ *here$$$ a blackboard in the classroom$ 3$ *here $$$ a lot of pictures onthe walls$ G$ *here $$$ a table in the classroom$ H$ *here $$$ a lot of things in this room$ I$ *here $$$ pens and pencils on thedesks$ J$ *here $$$ $ a map on the wall$ K$ *here $$$ a lot of desks in the classroom$ L$ *here $$$ a fountain ' pen on the desk$M$ *here $$$ a lot of chairs in the classroom$2.0aspundeti la intrebari" conform modelului !

 odel! %s there a bookcase in the classroomD  Ees# there is$ 6o# there isnOt$  re there man desks in the classroomD  Ees# there are$

 6o# there arenOt$$ %s there a blackboard in the classroomD 0$ %s there a book on the deskD 3$ re there man students in the classroomD G$%s there a picture on the wallD H$ %s there a table in the classroomD I$ re there man chairs in the classroomD J$ re there pens and pencils on the desksD K$ %s there a black fountain ' pen on the tableD3.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari conform modelului !  Ees# it is$

 6o# it isnOt$ %tOs an office$$ %s this a pen (fountain ' pen)D 0$ %s this the floor (ceiling)D 3$ %s this a desk (table)D G$ %s this a closed window (openwindow)D H$ %s this a book (exercise' book)D I$ %s this a red pencil (green pencil)D

 $R%NUMELE SI AD3ECTIVELE DEM%NSTRATIVE 

(De4"nstrati-e $r"n"0ns an& A&5e#ti-es

,ronumele &emonstrative djectivele &emonstrative

*his is a door$ ' ceasta este o usa$ *his door is open$ 2 ceasta usa este deschisa $*hat is a window$ ' ceea este o fereastra$ *hat window is closed$ ' Aereastra aceea este inchisa$*hese are doors$ ' cestea sunt usi$ *hese doors are open$ ' =sile acestea sunt deschise$

*hose are windows$ 'celea sunt ferestre$  *hose windows are closed$ Aerestrele acelea sunt

inchise$

1.Traduceti in limba engleza!

$ceasta este o sufragerie$0$cesta nu este un computer# este un casetofon$3$cela este varul meu$G$4ste aceea verisoaravoastraDH$cestia sunt prietenii mei$I$cestea nu sunt cunostintele mele$J$ceia sunt necunoscuti$K$celea nu sunt cartilemele$

 LESS%N 6

T)IS IS M* B%%7 

  @ood evening# ladies and gentlemen C  @ood evening# sir C

  *his is m book$ % have a new 4ngish book$  +ave ou an exercise'book# tooD Ees# % have$

  Eou have a thick exercise'book$ Eour exercise'book is on our desk$

K

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  &on’t ou have a walkD'6u faci o plimbareD1.#ompletati spatiile libere cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului to +ave/ !

$   *his room$$$ four white walls$ 0$ *hose secretaries $$$ new computers$ 3$ *hat schoolbo$$$ a new school bag$ G$<rs$ -mih$$$ a new smart dress$ H$ $$$ our house four rooms D I$ ll the students$$$ good 4nglish ' 1omaniandictionaries$

 2.Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la interogativ" negativ" interogativnegativ !

$ Be have a new classroom$ 0$ *he all have wrist watches$ 3$ *he teacher has a red pencil$ G$ Eou all have conversation guide books$ H$ <ar has new smart shoes$ I$ ll thestudents have good dictionaries$3. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari" conform modelului !

 odel : +ave % a new 4nglish book DEes# % have$ 6o# % havenOt$

$ +ave all the students 1omanian ' 4nglish conversation guide booksD 0$ +ave those school bos new pencil ' boxesD 3$ +as <iss 8rown a new wrist watchD G: +ave ou man pencilsD H$ +as Fohn a black fountain ' penD

 $LURALUL SUBSTANTIVEL%R

(The pl0ral "! N"0ns

,luralul substantivelor se formea!a adaugand terminatia's' la forma de singular$ student'studentsun student'studenti=rmatoarele substantive formea!a pluralul adaugand terminatia 2es la forma de singular$ $ substantivele terminate in: ' ch 'sh# 's# 'ss# 'x$ '!!:watch ' watches (ceas 2 ceasuri) brush ' brushes (perie 2 perii) bus'buses (autobu! 'autobu!e ) dress ' dresses (rochie 2rochii) box ' boxes (cutie ' cutii)0$ substantivele # terminate in ' precedat de consoana ( se transforma in i)lad ' ladies (doamna' doamne)dictionar ' dictionaries (dictionar'dictionare) secretar ' secretaries (secretara'secretare) 6$ 8$ -ubstantivele terminate in precedat de vocala formea!a pluralul adaugand la forma de singular termintia 2 s iar ramane neschimbat: bo ' bos(baiat 2 baieti)da ' das(!i ' !ile)

3$ substantivele terminate in:'f$#'fe(f se transforma in v):shelf' shelves (raft' rafturi)housewife 'housewives (gospodina ' gospodine)G$-ubstantivele terminate in 'o precedat de consoana: potato 'potatoes (cartof cartofi) tomato 'tomatoes (rosie' rosii)1.Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la plural!

$ *his is a classroom$ 0$ %s that an officeD 3$ *here is a blackboard in the classroom$ G$ *he window isnOt open$ H$ *hat isthe ceiling$ I$ %s this a fountain ' penD J$ %s the door closedD K$ %snOt that classroom largeD L$ %s there a picture on the wallDM$ *here is a bookcase in the classroom$

 SUBSTANTIVE CU $LURAL NEREGULAT 

(The Irreg0lar $l0ral "! N"0ns

-ingular ,lural

man ' barbat men 2barbatiBoman ' femeie women' femeichild ' copil children ' copiifoot ' picior feet 'picioaretooth 'dinte teeth ' dintigoose ' gasca geese 2gaste

M

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mouse ' soarece mice ' soarecidie ' !ar dice ' !aruri

1.Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la singular!

$*hese men are our fellow workers$0$*hose ladies are our secretaries$3$7ur books are on the shelves$G$*hose childrenhave man tos$H$*heir dresses are ver smart$I$*he are housewives$J$*hose women are engineers$K$Be have wristwatches$ 

 DECLINAREA SUBSTANTIVEL%R

 -ingular ,lural

 6ominativ  eter    ,etre# ,etru# ,eter @enitiv  eter:s" of eter    (ai# a# ai#ale) lui ,etre&ativ &to) eter    lui ,etrecu!ativ  eter    pe ,etre.ocativ  eter;   ,etreC

 6ominativ  ' bo   =n baiat bos   baieti

@enitiv  ' bo8sof a bo

(ai# a# ai#ale) unui baiat  os" of bos   (ai# a# ai#ale) baietilor 

&ativ To a bo   unui baiat &to) bos   baietilor cu!ativ  ' bo   (pe)un baiat bos   baieti.ocativ  o;   baiete

8aiatuleC os;   8aietiC

 6ominativ t+e bo   baiatul t+e bos   baietii@enitiv t+e bo:s

of t+e bo(ai# a# ai#ale) baiatului t+e bos"

of t+e bos(ai# a# ai#ale) baietilor 

&ativ &to) t+e bo   baiatului &to) t+e bos   baietilor 

cu!ativ T+e bo   baiatul# pe baiat t+e bos   8aietii# pe baieti 6ominativ T+is table   ceasta masa T+ese tables   ceste mese@enitiv of t+is table   le acestei mese <f t+ese tables   le acestor mese&ativ &to) t+is table   cestei mese &to) t+ese tables   acestor mesecu!ativ T+is table   ceasta masa T+ese tables   ceste mese

 AD3ECTIVELE $%SESIVE 

($"ssessi-e A&5e#ti-es

-ingular ,lural

% < 7ur  

%% Eour Eour  

%%% his#her#its *heir  

1eguli 4xemple

djectivul posesiv < book ' cartea mea

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se asea!a intotdeauna inainteasubstantivului pe care il determina

< son'fiul meu< daughter 2 fiica mea

'are aceeasi forma# indiferent de genul#ca!ul si numarul substantivului pe care ildetermina

< watch ' ceasul meu

< pencils ' creioanele mele

7ur house ' casa noastra

 6$8$ -ubstantivele determinate de undjectiv posesiv nu se articulea!a $

1.#ompletati spatiile libere cu ad=ectivul posesiv corespunzator  :$ Be have a lot of books on$$$ desks$ *he are$$$ books$ 0$ *he secretar has a new computer$ $$$ computer is on $$$ desk$ 3$*hose students have good 4nglish ' 1omanian dictionaries$ $$$ dictionaries are on the shelves$ G$ Fack has a blue pencil$ $$$ pencil is in $$$ pencil' box$ H$ *hose ladies have new dresses on$ $$$ dresses are ver smart$ I$ *hat room has threewindows$ $$$ windows are open$

 LESS%N 8

T)IS B%%7 IS MINE 

  *his is m book$ %t is mine$  *hat computer is ours#isn’t itDEes# it is$ %t is not hers$  *he have two children : a son and a daughter# haven’t theD Ees# the have$ *hose are their balls$ +is is brown#hers is red$  Bhose is this white carD %t is ours# it is not theirs# but where is oursD  *he 8rowns have a new *$.$ set$ %t is their *$.$set$ %t is theirs# not ours$  % am a teacher# am % notD Ees# ou are$  Eou are not at the office now# are ouD 6o# % am not$  *his child has a lot of tos# hasn’t he D Ees# he has$  *he man over there is not our manager# is he D 6o# he isn’t$  Fack hasn’t an 4nglish book# has heD6o# he hasn’t$  *his woman is our colleague# isn’t sheD Ees# she is$  *hese men are our friends# aren’t theDEes# the are$  *he are not ver bus toda# are theD 6o# the aren’t# to be sure$

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$Bhose is the book on our desk# is it mine or oursD0$8ut where is mineD3$%s that white car oursDBhat colour istheirsDG$+ave the 8rowns a new *$.$setD H$%s the man over there our managerDI$re all the women in this room ourcolleaguesDJ$re ou at the office nowD

 II. Traduceti in limba engleza :$ veti multi prieteni# nu'i asa D 0$ =nde sunt ei acum D 3$ -unt la birou sau in clasaD G$<asina aceea albastra este a lor#nu este a dumneavoastra# nu'i asa D H$ 5opiii au multe jucarii# nu'i asa D I$ le cui sunt toate aceste lucruri D J$ %n biroul

nostru sunt doua femei si trei barbati$ K$ l cui este stiloul acela rosu# al tau sau al ei D L$ =nde sunt cartile si caietelevoastre D le mele sunt pe pupitru$ M$ 5reionul acesta este al tau# nu'i asaD

@1<<1 

 $R%NUMELE $%SESIVE 

($"ssessi-e $r"n"0ns

0

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-ingular   %$ mine %%$ours %%%$his# hers lural   %$ours %%$ours %%%$theirs

1.#ompletati spatiile libere cu pronume posesive :$ *his is m room$ %t is$$$ $0$ *hat is our pencil$ %t is$$$ $ 3$*his is his fountain ' pen$ %tis$$$ $G$ *hat’s her tpewriter$ %t is$$$ $H$ *his is our *$.$ set$ %t is$$$ $I$ *hat is our house$%t is N $ J$ *hose are their exercise ' books$ *he are$$$ $ K$ Be have a red car$ %t is$$$ $ L$-he has a nice room$ %t is$$$ $ are$$$ $M$ % have a new dress$ %t is$$$ $ $ Eou have a new car$ %t is$$$$

 INTREBARI DIS3UNCTIVE 

(Dis50n#ti-e 90esti"ns)

 0eguli

%n limba engle!a# expresia Pnu'i asa9Dnu este invariabila ca in limba romana# ea se schimba in functie de verbul din prima propo!itie$a) &aca in prima propo!itie verbul este afirmativ# expresia Pnu'i asaP din a doua propo!itie# este redata prin interogativ'

negativul verbului din prima propo!itie la acelsi timp si persoana(formacontrasa)$ &aca subiectul primei propo!itii este exprimat printr'un substantiv# acesta va fi inlocuitcu pronumele corespun!ator$

 b) &aca in prima propo!itie verbul este negativ# expresia Pnu'i asaDP este redata prin interogativul verbului din prima propo!itie$ xemple!

Eou have a book# haven’t ouDi o carte# nu'i asaDFohn is an economist# isn’t heD%on este economist# nu'i asaD

+e hasn’t man friends# has heD4l nu are multi prieteni# nu'i asaD

1.'daugati intrebari dis=unctive!

$-he has a new dress$0$*he aren’t at the office now$3$Eour 4nglish book is on our desk$G$Be haven’t our 4nglishclasses in the evening$H$% am our teacher$I$Eou have a new *$.$ set$J$-he is a doctor$K$+e isn’t an arhitect$L$Eou are inthe classroom now$M$ll the ladies have nice dresses on$ 

 LESS%N :

T)IS IS MR; SMIT),S CAR

  Bhose car is thisD *his is <r$ -mith’s car$  %sn’t it <r$ 8rown’s carD 6o# it isn’t# it is <r$ -mith’s$  Bhat colour is <r$ -mith’s carD +is car is red$ *he colour of his car is red$

 *hat is <ar’s handbag# isn’t itD %t is not that girl’s$ %t is not the handbag of that girl$ ll the students’fountain'pens are on treir desks$

  *he ladies’ball point pens are in their handbags$  +ave ou got our own flatD Ees# we have$ 7ur flat is modern and confortable$ %t has sixrooms$ *he rooms of our flat are large and bright$

3

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  %s that our flatD 6o#it isn’t $%t is the -miths’$7urs is next to it$  %’ve got two children$ *he children’s tos are in their room$ *he door of the children’s room is closed$  *his man’s name is 8ill$ *hat woman’s name is Fane$

 *hese men’s exercise'books are open$ *hose women’s exercise'books are open# too$ 

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$Bhose car is that# is it ours or <r$ -mith’sD 0$+ave ou got a carD 3$Bhat colour is itDG$Bhose is the fountain'pen onour deskDH$%s this computer ours or that girl’sD I$Bhose is that handbag# is it <ar’s or that girl’sDJ$Bhere are thestudents’fountain'pensDK$Bhere are those ladies’ball point pensDL$+ow man rooms has our flatDM$%s the -miths’ flatnext to oursD II.$ormulati scurte dialoguri folosind genitivul. III.Traduceti in limba engleza :$ ,e rafturile bilbliotecii din clasa noastra sunt o multime de dictionare$0$ Aereastra claseinoastre este deschisa$ 3$ 5omputerul acela nu este al tau# este al secretarei# nu'i asaD G$ *oate cartile si caietele studentilorsunt pe pupitrele lor$ H$ =sa camerei copiilor esta inchisa$ I$ cui este poseta aceea de pe masa# a

doamnei -mith sau a doamnei 8rownD J$,eretii clasei noastre sunt albi$ K$ partamentul familiei -mith are trei camere#iar apartamemul familiei 8rown are sase camere$ 

@1<<1 GENITIVUL

Geniti-0l $rep"<iti"nal (analiti#

 0eguli

$ -e reda cu ajutorul prepo!itiei  ""of 9#ordinea cuvintelor fiind :' substantivul ce denumeste obiectul posedat (precedat de articol hotarat) ' prepo!itia of  substantivul ce denumeste posesorul (precedat de articol hotarat):the pencils of the students'creioanele studentilor 0$ -e foloseste cand numele posesorului este exprimat prin :a) substantive comune care denumesc fiinte :the book of  the student'cartea studentului b) substantive comune care denumesc obiecte:the walls of  the room'peretii camerei

Geniti-0l Sa="n(sinteti#

 0eguli

$-e reda prin Os (apostrof s) sau ’(apostrof)# ordinea cuvintelor fiind:' substantivul ce denumeste posesorul# ' Os sauO#' substantivul ce denumeste obiectul posedat$8ill’s pencil'creionul lui 8ill-e adauga Os:' dupa substantive la singular: Fack’s book'cartea lui Fack ' dupa substantive cu plural neregulat la plural: the women’s club'clubul femeilor -e adauga O dupa substantive la plural: the students’ books'cartilor studentilor 0$ -e foloseste cand numele posesorului este exprimat prin:

a) substantive proprii nume de fiinte:6ick’s room'camera lui 6ick  b) substantive comune care denumesc fiinte : oameni si animale :the bo’s pencil'creionul baiatuluic) substantive nume de tari:1omania’s industr'industria 1omaniei 6$8$ -ubstantivul care denumeste posesorul :'se articulea!a cu articol hotarat daca este un substantiv comun la singular sau la plural sau un substantiv propriu la plural: the student’s dictionar'dictionarul studentului' nu primeste articol daca este un substantiv propriu la singular$-ubstantivul care denumeste obiectul posedat nu searticulea!a in nici o situatie:Fohn’s pencil'creionul lui %on$

1.Inlocuiti genitivul prepozitional cu cel saxon" unde este posibil!

G

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  (to) him (to) her (to) it ,l$(to) us

(to) ou  (to) them

 'cuzativ

-g$ <e  Eou  +im#her#it ,l$ =s  Eou  *hem

 xemple

-$ ,$ 5$%$ 5$&$% must give him m book$ ' *rebuie sa'i dau cartea mea$

-$ ,$ 5$& 5$%$% must give m book to him$ '*rabuie sa' i dau cartea mea lui# nu altcuiva$

1.Inlocuiti pronumele personale in cazul >ominativ din paranteza cu pronume in

cazurile %ativ sau 'cuzativ !

 $ Brite a letter to (she) C 0$ >end (%) our dictionar C 3 sk (he) another questionC G$ % cansee (the) in the classroom H$ &onOt ask (we) so man questionsCI$ @ive (the) an example# pleaseC J$ @ive (we) an answer to our questionC K$*hank (ou) for the fountain ' pen C L$% can see (ou) studing in thelibrar $M$ -how (%) our car C

 $R%NUMELE SI AD3ECTIVELE INTER%GATIVE 

(Interr"gati-e $r"n"0ns an& A&5e#ti-es

 0eguli

$ ,entru persoane# se folosesc urmatoarele pronume si adjective interogative : xemple

a) 6$ whoD

@$ whoseD  &$ (to) whomD

c$ BhomD b) whichD (implica selectia)c) whatD0$ ,entru animale si lucruri se folosesc urmatoarele pronume si adjective interogative :a) whatD b) whichD ( implica selectia) $

  xemple

Bho is heD (pron$) '5ine este elDBhose is that bookD (pron$) ' cui este cartea aceastaDBhose book is itD' cui carte esteD

*o whom must ou write a letterD(,ron)'5ui trebuie sa' i scrii o scrisoareDBhat is heD (pron$) ' 5e este elD Bhat writer is our favouriteD (adj$) 5e scriitor este favoritul tauDBhat is thisD (pron$) ' 5e esteDBhat can ou see in this pictureD (pron$) ' 5e vedeti in acest tablouDBhat dictionar is that on the shelfD (adj$)$' 5e dictionar este acela de pe raftDBhich text must % readD(adj$)',e care dintre texte trebuie sa' l citescD

1.#ompletati spatiile libere cu pronume interogative.%ati mai multe varinte acolo unde este posibil!

I

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N$of these books is oursD0N$can ou see in this pictureD3N$is that bookDGN$must ou write a letter toDHNis<r$-mith#an economist or an arhitectDIN$is this manDJN$is he likeDKNof these men is our teacherDL$*o Nmust outhank for itDMN$can ou see studing in the librarD 

 LESS%N ? 

 EVER*DA* ACTIVITIES 

7n weekdas# Fohn wakes up at a quarter to seven$ +e gets out of bed# opens the window and does his morningexercises in front of the open window$

 6ext# he goes into the bathroom$+e brushes his teeth# shaves himself and has a shower or a bath$ +e dries himselfon a towel and gets dressed$ *hen he combs his hair and goes to the dining'room to have breakfast$ fter breakfast# he puts on his overcoat and at half past seven he leaves for his office$+e gets to the office at ten to eight$

t half past four he goes home$fter dinner# he has a short rest and then# if necessar# he goes shopping$%n the evening the watch a film or an interesting programme on the *$.$#read something or listen to music$

-ometimes# especiall on -undas# the have guests or call on their friends# go for a walk#to the cinema# to the theatre# toa concert or to the restaurant$

@enerall# the go to bed at half past eleven$% do m shopping in the department store on the groung floor of the block of flats % live in$

'Bhat does our wife do after dinnerD-he cooks# bakes a cake# sews or knits$'Bhat do ou do before ou go to bedD

8efore % go to bed % take off m clothes# put on m pjamas and switch off the light$-oon % fall asleep$ % sleepalmost eight hours$  &%>7@=4+elen:Bhat is our daughter’s dail programmeD@eorge:< daughter# who is a schoolgirl# is back from school at one o’clock$-he has lunch# and after a short rest# she doesher homework for the next da$+elen:8ut how does she spend her spare timeD@eorge:-he goes ccling# plas tennis# goes to the swimming pool or plas the piano$+elen:Eour son is a student#isn’t heD

@eorge:Ees# he is$+elen:%s he ver busD@eorge:6o# not ver$@enerall he has six classes a da$Bhen he has no classes# he spends an hour or two in the librar# hegoes for a walk in the park# plas a game of chess# football# basketball or goes to the students’club$

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari :$Bhat time does Fohn wake up on weekdasD 0$ &oes he do his morning exercises ever daD 3$ Bhere does

he have his showerD G$ Bhat does he do nextD H$ Bhere does he have his breakfastD I$ Bhat does he do after breakfastD J$ Bhat time does he leave for his officeD K$ Bhat time is the programme at the office overD L$ Bhatdoes he do when his programme is overD M$ Bhat do the do in the eveningD $ Bhat do the do on -undasD

 II.(orbiti despre programul vostru zilnic.

 III.Traduceti in limba engleza:

$ <ergeti la birou in fiecare !i a saptamaniiD 0$ %n general ajungem acasa la ora H$ &e obicei plec la birou la ora sapte sidoua!eci$ G$ 6u mergem niciodata dupa cumparaturi dimineata in !ilele de lucru$ H$ %n fiecare dimineata luam miculdejun la ora sapte fara un sfert$ I$ -eara ascultam mu!ica sau urmarim programul de televi!iune$ J$ na se duce la ba!inulde inot in fiecare duminica K$ 5ate ore are el in fiecare !iD L$ 5are este programul tau !ilnicD M$ 6oi nu mergem la teatruin fiecare saptamana $ -unteti foarte ocupat saptamana aceastaD 0$ &e obicei# dupa ce luam masa de seara# facem o plimbare in parc$

@1<<1  M%DUL INDICATIV 

TIM$UL $REZENT SIM$LU(The $resent Tense Si4ple)

J

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Definitie:,re!entul -implu desemnea!a un eveniment care are loc intr'un interval de timp nespecificat inclu!andmomentul vorbirii# sau o actiune care se repeta$Formare:

firmativ 6egativ %nterogativ (' 6egativ)

% write % do not write &o % (not) writeDEou write Eou do not write &o ou (not) writeD+e writes +e does not write &oes he (not) writeD-he writes -he does not write &oes she (not) writeD%t writes %t does not write &oes it (not) writeDBe write Be do not write &o we (not) writeDEou write Eou do not write &o ou (not) writeD

*he write *he do not write &o the (not) writeD

Aorme % donOt write# he doesnOt &onOt % writeD# doesnOt he

contrase write# etc writeD etc$

firmativ: subiect infinitivul scurt al verbului(forma fara to)  -tR.4xceptie face persoana a treia singular(he#she#it) care adauga'(e)s e$g$:% give % watch

  +e gives +e watches 6egativ: subiectverbul auxiliar 9to do9negatia9not9tS .  -do not(don’t) tR.  does not(doesn’t)%nterogativ: &o/&oes-infinitivul scurt al verbului.erbele terminate in:'ss#'tt#'ch#'sh#'tch#'x#'!#'o adauga 'es

 ?ocul adverbului de timp!-=8F45* &.$ of frequenc ,1%65%,> .418*he sun alwas rises in the 4ast<r$ 8lack occasionall goes to the cinema+is wife never accompanies himBe generall have breakfast at home+e sometimes goes to bed at ten

-=8F45* (auxiliar) &.$ of .418 frequenc

-he can never tell it% am seldom invited at her part

*he must do that againnever 

Eou donOt usuall arrive late# do ouD

Eou -hould alwas tr to be punctual-he Bill occasionall offer her help+e +as generall been a good bo% wonder whether *he Bill ever improve$

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<7& &4 %6*148=%6*14(*he uses):

Prezentul Simplu exprima:%$actiuni obisnuite# repetate# care au loc intr'un interval de timp general sau specific# mentionate prin adverbe saulocutiuni adverbiale precum: in the morning# at noon# in -pring# in pril# on <onda# ever da etc$# sau often#frequentl# seldom# rarel# occasionall# sometimes# once a week$e$g$:% go to the =niversit ever da/% usuall watch *. in the evening$%%$adevaruri general valabile'e$g$:Aish swim/*he -un rises in the 4ast$pare insotit de adverbe precum: alwas# ever# never# regularl%%%$actiuni care sunt va!ute ca avand loc in intregime in momentul vorbirii:  $%n exclamatii' e$g$: +ere comes our teacherC  0$%n comentarii sportive'e$g$:*he goal'keeper misses the ball and one more goal is scored$(,ortarul nu prindemingea si se inscrie un nou gol)$  3$%n demonstratii'e$g$:% now mix the butter with the cocoa$(cum amestec untul cu cacao)$  G$%n indicatii de regie'e$g$:*he outer door is opened and the office bo appears$  H$%n anunturi si titluri de articole'e$g$:,ostmen threaten strikeC

lte valori ale ,re!entului -implu:%$.aloare de viitor pentru:  $4xprimarea datei'e$g$:*omorrow is the th of -eptember$  0$ctiuni planificate'e$g$:Be leave 8ucharest at ten$ Be arrive in *argoviste at twelve$

  3$&upa when# till# until# before# after# as soon as# cand verbul din principala este la viitor   e$g$:%’ll ring ou up when % have time$  G$&upa if #unless# provided# in case# cand verbul din principala este la viitor sau la present  e$g$:%f it rains % shall go there$ 

-he won’t pass the exam unless she works hard$  H$%n limba vorbita  e$g$:-he cames tomorrow$%%$.aloare de trecut:  $,entru vioiciunea povestirii 'e$g$: 7ne da the little bo goes to the woods$  0$5u verbe: tell# hear# learn# write# pentru a sublinia efectul pre!ent al unei comunicari trecute (in locul lui ,resent

,erfect)  e$g$:% hear that +e left for 5luj(m au!it ca a plecat la 5luj)  3$,entru introducerea unor citate:-hakespeare sas:9N$$9$

1.Translate into nglis+!

$ pa fierbe la MM T5$0$ 7amenii care nu vad bine poarta ochelari$3$ cum port ochelari de soare pentru ca soarele straluceste tare$G$ 5and imi este foame mananc ceva$H$ *ata merge la 8ucuresti cel putin de doua ori pe luna$I$ 5oncertul incepe la sapte vinerea viitoare$J$ -crie in !iar ca ploua dupa'amia!a$

K$ 6iciodata nu ma tre!esc prea devreme$L$ &aca nu stai confortabil# asea!a'te pe fotoliul acela din colt$M$ -e cantareste din nou$ -pera ca e mai slaba decat ieri$$ 6u e niciodata bolnav$ %l invidie! tare mult$0$ 5antareste aproape JM de kg$ <ananca prea mult$3$%ntotdeauna ne certam pentru acest lucru$G$ <a intreb daca studia!a greaca la scoala$H$ 7ri de cate ori o vad se plimba cu cineva$I$ <a enervea!a $ <ereu spune acelasi lucru$J$ &aca pui !ahar in apa# se di!olva$ &aca'l mesteci cu lingurita# se di!olva

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mai repede$K$ <ereu isi imprumuta lucrurile si niciodata n'are ce pune pe el$L$ 5red ca mergi prea repede$ 6u ma pot tine dupa tine$0M$ 5ui apartine citatul acestaD 5red ca apartine lui -hakespeare$0$ .e!i pasarea de acoloD -ta pe ramura aceea si canta$00$ 6u aud ce spui$ *e rog vorbeste mai tare$03$ %mi place sa ascult mu!ica dar acum ma odihnesc si nu vreau sa ascult nimic$0G$ 5e beiD ,are racoritor si placut$0H$ ctiunea se petrece in ,aris$ ,ersonajul locuieste intr'o casa eleganta$-otia lui nu lucrea!a nicaieri$ %si petrece dupa'amie!ele in compania prietenelor$ 6u'si iubeste sotul pe care'l considera inferior ei$ -otul# insa# o adora$ 5rede ca e sotia perfecta$0$Translate into nglis+!

$ 1ar il vad la club# dar niciodata nu'l intreb de ce vine atat de rar$0$ desea ma gandesc la tine$3$ 6u e niciodata atent la ceea ce vorbim cand ne intalnim$G$ &e ce facem totdeauna lucruri care nu ne placDH$ <i'o amintesc adesea# dar niciodata nu'i scriu$I$ &e obicei luam masa in familie$J$ 6e vi!itea!a destul de frecvent dar niciodata nu sta mai mult de trei !ile$K$ %n general e baiat bun# dar cateodata se comporta foarte ciudat$L$ <ereu imi pune aceeasi intrebare prosteasca# dar rareori ii raspund$

M$ 6u pot niciodata sa o intrec$ <ereu e mai buna ca mine$3.$ormulati intrebari pentru fiecare enunt $$ Be go to bed at half past eleven$ 0$ %n the afternoon % go shopping$ 3$ +e spends one or two hours in the librar$ G$ fterdinner she has a rest$$ H$ Fohn does his morning exercises in front of the open window$ H$ +e goes ccling ever afternoon$J$ =suall# she plas the piano in the evening$4.Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la persoana a IIIa singular  :$ % have breakfast in the dining ' room$ 0$ Be go to the cinema ever week$ 3$ *he leave for the office at half past seven$G$ Be wake up at seven oOclock sharp$ H$ Eou go to bed at half past ten$ I$ %n the evening we listen to music$ J$ *he go tothe swimming ' pool ever -unda$ K$ %n the afternoon# % alwas have a short rest$ L$ 4ver morning# at half past six# % dom morning exercises$5. #ompletati spatiile libere cu verbul corespunzator  :$%n the evening we $$$ the *$.$ programme$ 0$ +e doesnOt $$$ his morning exercises ever

da$ 3$ Be $$$ to bed at half past ten$ G$ +e $$$ himself on a towel and $$$ dressed$ H$ Bhen the programme N over# he N home$ I$ fter dinner we $$$ a short rest$ J$ fter breakfast heN$$on his overcoat and $$$ for his office$ K$ =suall# she $$$ her homework in the afternoon$ L$7n -undas the N on their friends$6.%ati raspunsuri scurte" " afirmative sau negative la urmatoarele intrebari" conform

modelului!

 odel : &o ou go to the theatre ever weekDEes# we do$ 6o# we donOt$$ &o ou do our morning exercises ever daD0$&oes he wake up at seven oOclock 

ever morningD 3$ &o the alwas have breakfast at homeD G$ &o we go to the swimming'pool ever -undaD H$ &oes shehave a rest in the afternoonD I$ &o the call on their friends ever -undaD J$ &oes he usuall go to the studentsO clubD K$&o students have six classes ever daD L$ &o ou usuall spend our spare time at homeD M$ &oes he go ccling ever

daD

 $R%NUMELE REFLE@IVE SI DE INTARIRE 

(Re!le=i-e an& E4phati# $r"n"0ns

-ingular ,lural

%$ mself' insumi# insami 7urselves ' insine

%%$ ourself' insuti# insati ourselves 'insiva

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%%%$ +imself 2 insusi themselves ' insisi#inseleherself 2 insasiitself 2 insusi#insasi

4xemple1eguli$,ronumele reflexiv arata ca actiuneaexprimata de verb se rasfrange asupra

subiectului

-he combs +erself $ ' 4a se piaptana$

+e dries +imself  on a towel$ ' 4l se stergecu prosopul

%n limba vorbita# exista tendinta de afolosi

  %n the morning she washes# dresses and

verbe ca : to wash (a se spala)# to dress (acombs$ ' &imineata ea se spala# se

$se imbraca) # to shave (a se rade)# tocomb

  %mbraca si se piaptana$

(a sa pieptana) # etc$ fara pronumelereflexiv$,recedat de prepo!itia ’’b9# pronumele % can translate the text b mself $ ' ,ot reflexiv se traduce prin singur' (fara traduce singura textul$

ajutorul cuiva)$0$ ,ronumele de intarire accentuea!asubstantivul sau pronimele pe care il

  % mself  must go there$ % must go there

insoteste$  self. ' 4u insami trebuie sa mergacolo$

-e asea!a sau imediat dupa cuvantul pecare il insoteste sau la sfarsitul propo!itiei$

 LESS%N

)AT ARE *%U D%ING +

$%t is <onda morning$ Be are in the classroom$ Be are having our 4nglish class$ *he teacher is explaining anew grammar problem$ +e is teaching us *he ,resent *ense 5ontinuous spect$ +e is writing some examples on the blackboard$ Bhat are we doing D Be are looking at the sentences on the blackboard# listening to the teacher’s explanationsand taking notes$ Be are writing down the sentences in our exercise'books $

0$ fellow'student who is late is opening the door$ <a % come in# pleaseD 7f course#ou ma$Bhat is he doingnowD+e is going to his seat$ *he student whose exercise'books are open now# is <r$8$

3$re we sitting or standingD Be are sitting$ *he oung woman who is standing is <rs$$Bhat is she doingD-heis reading$%s <rs$$ reading the newspaperD6o#she isn’t$<rs$$is reading a new text$6ext# she is retelling it$Be aretalking about the text$ *he text about which we are talking is ver eas$ 6ext# we are writing a report on it$

G$Be are having a test in 4nglish$ Be are writing a dictation$ *he teacher is dictating the text slowl# sentence bsentence$*he man to whom we are handing in our exercise'books is our teacher# who is correcting our tests$

  &%>7@=4<ar: Bhat is the teacher doingDFohn:+e is calling the roll$6obod is missing$ Be are all present$+e is asking us questions and we are answering them$<ar:Bhat is the lad doingDFohn:-he is opening the exercise'book$ -he is writing down the date$<ar:Bhat is <r$ 8rown doingDFohn:<r$ 8rown is going towards the window$%t is raining$<ar:Bhat is the gentleman in front of ou doingDFohn:+e is translating a text from 1omanian into 4nglish$<ar:Bhat is the lad on our left doingDFohn:*he lad on m left is describing a picture$

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<ar:nd what are our people at home doingDFohn:<other is cooking# father is gardening# m son is writing his homework# while m little daughter# who is onl four is plaing with her tos$

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari :$ Bhere are we nowD 0$ Bhat are we doingD 3$ Bhat is the teacher explainingD G$ Bhat is he writing on the blackboardDH$ Bho is opening the door D I$re we sitting or standingD J$ Bho is standing DK$ Bhat is <rs$ $ readingD L$ Bhat arewe talking aboutD M$ *o whom are we handing in our testsD $ Bho is correcting themD II.$ormulati dialoguri folosind resent Tense #ontinuous.

 III. Traduceti in limba engleza :$ -tati in picioare sau stati jos# domnule -mith D-$ -tau in picioare# nu stau jos$$ 5e faceti# cititi D-$ 6u# nu citesc$ -criu$$ 5e scrieti D-$ -criu niste propo!itii$$ 5u ce scrietiD-$ -eriu cu o bucata de creta$$ 5u ce scrie domnul 8rown D-$ 4l scrie cu stiloul$$ ,e ce scrietiD

-$ -criu pe tabla$$ -i domnul 8rown scrie pe tablaD-$ 6u# el nu scrie pe tabla el scrie pe o coala de hartie$$ 5ine serie pe tabla D-$ 4u scriu$

@1<<1 TIM$UL $REZENT2AS$ECTUL C%NTINUU 

(The $resent Tense2C"ntin0"0s Aspe#t )

&efinitie$,re!entul continuu arata o actiune in curs de desfasurare in pre!ent$

Aormation:pre!entul verbului auxiliar9to be9participiul pre!ent al verbului(.'ing) e$g$% am singing now$(4u cant acum)$firmativ:S+to be(prezent)+V-ing

Negativ:S+to be(prezent)+not+V-ing

Interogativ:o be(prezent)+S+V-ing!

o be- prezent

% am'%’mEou are'ou’re+e is'+e’s-he is'-he’s%t is'%t’sBe are'Be’re*he are'*he’re

firmativ 6egativ %nterogativ(6egativ)

% am writing % am not writing m % (not) writingDEou are writing Eou are not writing re ou (not) writingD+e is writing +e is not writing %s he (not) writing D-he is writing -he is not writing %s she (not) writing D%t is writing %t is not writing %s it (not) writingDBe are writing Be are not writing re we (not) writingDEou are writing ou are not writing re ou (not) writing D

*he are writing *he are not writing re the (not) writingD

00

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Aorme %Om writing %Om not writing renOt ou writing D

contrase EouOre writing ouOre not (ou arenOt) %snOt he writingDheOs writing writing# %sn’t she writing D-he is writing heOs not (he isnOt) writ' %snOt it writing DitOs writing ting# sheOs not (she isnOt) renOt we writing D BeOre writing writing# itOs not (it isnOt )   renOt ou writingDEouOre writing writing# renOt the writingDtheOre writing weOre not (we arenOt)

writing#

ouOre not (ou arenOt)writing#theOre not (the arenOt)writing

"#D D$ IN%$&'INA%$(e ue):

,re!entul continuu exprima:%$actiuni de durata# in desfasurare in momentul vorbirii$pare insotit de adverbe precum:now# just now# right now# at present# (at) this (ver) moment:

e$g$>istenC+e is singing now$(sculta$ 4l canta acum)$%%$actiuni in desfasurare in momentul vorbirii# inclu!and o perioada de timp mai indelungata:e$g$:+e is learning much better now$(4l invata mult mai bine acum)$%%%$actiuni obisnuite pre!entate in desfasurare in anumite circumstante:e$g$:% alwas take m umbrella when it is raining$(%ntotdeauna cand ploua#imi iau umbrela cu mine)$%.$actiuni care implica un proces# o de!voltare# o evolutie:

e$g$:*he bab is growing up$(5opilul creste)$.$actiuni limitate in contrast cu actiuni generalee$g$:+e is teaching <aths now# but he is an engineer b trade$(4l preda matematica acum# dar de profesie este inginer)$.%$actini neterminate in momentul vorbirii# cu verbe care implica un scop:

e$g$:+e is doing his homework(4l isi face temele)$.%%$actiuni repetate in momentul vorbirii si care deranjea!a pe vorbitor$pare insotit de adverbe precume:alwas# forever#continuall# all the time# nearladv$e$g$+e is alwas grumbling$(8ombane intr'una)$.%%%$actiuni cu caracter temporar:e$g$:nn is attending the =niversit$na urmea!a cursurile universitatii)$%U$actini apropiate# asteptate de vorbitor e$g$:< sweetheart is arriving toda$(>ogodnica mea vine asta!i)$U$actiuni viitoare planificate in pre!ent$e$g$:-he is coming tonight(4a vine deseara)$U%$in vorbirea familiara# pentru exprimarea mirarii e$g$re ou being ironicalD(&ar de cand esti asa ironicD)$

1.%ati interogativul" negativul si interogativ negativul urmatoarelor propozitii : $ Be are sitting$ 0$ 6ick is opening the door$ 3$ <ar is reading a new text$ G$ *he students are talking about the newtext$ H$ Eou are shutting the window$ I$ *he are writing a dictation$ J$ < little daughter is plaing with her tos$2.#ompletati spatiile libere cu verbul cerut de sens la timpul rezentul #ontinuu !

$ *he teacher N$a new grammar problem$ 0$ +e $$$ some sentences on the blackboard$ $ Be N to him$ G$ Be $$$ at the blackboard$H$ FohnNN$$the window$ I$ Eou $$$ from ten to twent$ J$%N$a text from 1omanian into 4nglish$ K$ *hestudentsN$ in the language laborator$ L$ *he $$$ the teacherOs questions$ M$ *he teacher $$$ our tests$$ +e $$$ the textsentence b sentence$ 0$ 6obod $$$ toda$3.@se t+e correct tense!resent -imple or #ontinuous

<r$ <ulder is a &utchman$ +e (live) just outside msterdam$ 4ver morning he (ride) to his work in a largefactor in the cit$ +e (enjo) riding on his old bike along the canals$ 8ut toda is -aturda and so he (sta) at home$ <rs$<ulder (work) in a supermarket$ -he (go) to work on -aturdas# too$ -he usuall (get up) first and (cook) breakfast for thewhole famil$ *he <ulders (have) two children# two bos# who (go) to school ever da# except -aturda$

03

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*oda the children (not go) to school# the (sta) at home with their father$ %t is half past eight and now the(have) breakfast$ *heir father is still in the bathroom$ +e (wash) and (get dressed)$ +e can hear the children in the kitchen$Bhat a lot of noise the (make)$ 7f course# the (quarrel) again$ +e (wonder) what the (disagree) about this time$ +equickl (put on) his overalls he (have) a job to do in the garden ' and (walk) quietl downstairs$ Bhen he (open) thekitchen door the kids (eat) peacefull and the (talk) quite pleasantl to each other$ Bhen the (see) their father# the just(smile)$4.ut t+e verb in bracets into eit+er t+e resent -imple or t+e resent #ontinuous!

%$ Bh (ou stare) $$$ at meD (% wear) $$$ the wrong clothes againD0$ Bho (ou think) $$$ is right# *om or @eorgeD3$ (*he 4arth turn) $$$ round the -un# or (the -un turn) $$$ round the 4arthDG$ (,upils stud) $$$ literature at schoolDH$ % (not like) $$$ the wa she dresses$I$ Bho (-ue talk) $$$ toD % (think not) $$$ that (be) $$$ her brother$J$ Bhich hotel (ou sta) $ $$ in whenever ou (come) $$$ here$K$ <ar (look) $$$ rather untid$ -he (wear) those blood jeans all the time$ L$ 4xcuse me# (ou wait) $$$ for the GL busDM$ Bhat language (the <oroccans speak) $$$D$ Alowers (smell) $$$ beautiful in spring$0$ % am bus$ % (write) $$$m homework$ ,lease# come some other time$3$ % (know) $$$ he (tell) alwas$$$ good jokes$G$ Bhat (ou think) $$$ about fling saucersD

H$ Bhenever % (meet) her$$$ in the street she (wear) $$$ that funn dress$I$ +e (alwas borrow) $$$ mone from all his friends$J$ Bhenever % (go) $$$ to him# he (ask) $$$ me the same question$

K$ (Eou want) $$$ to take m dog for a walk in the parkDL$ *here is nobod at home$ Bhat (we do) $$$ nowD0M$ *his naught bo (alwas interrupt) $$$ me$0$ Bhat (this word mean) $$$D00$ +ow much (that piece of meat weigh) $$$D03$ *he price (not matter) $$$ if it is first qualit$0G$*he -un (rise) $$$ in the 4ast$

0H$ 8ritish people (drink) $$$ more and more coffee$

 $R%NUMELE RELATIVE 

(Relati-e $r"n"0ns)

 0eguli

$ ,entru persoane se folosesc urmatoarele pronume relative:a) 6$ who(care) *he lad *+o is reading the new text is <rs$$

&oamna care citeste textul nou este &oamna $  @$ whose (al#a#ai#ale# carui/carei/caror) *he man *+ose exercise'books are open is 6ick$ 8arbatul ale carui

caiete sunt deschise acum este 6ick$&$ (to) whom (caruia# careia# carora) *he man to *+om we are handing in our exercise' books is our teacher$

8arbatul caruia ii predam caietele este profesorul nostru$c$ whom(pe cine# pe care) *he oung woman &*+om) ou can see standing is <ar$ *anara doamna pe care o vedeti stand in picioare este <aria$ b) that(restrictiv) *he oung man t+at  is sitting is Fohn$

*anarul care sta jos este %on$0$ ,entru animale si lucruri se folosesc urmatoarele pronume relative:a) whose *he book *+ose cover is blue is mine$  5artea a carei coperta este albastra este a mea$ b) which *he lesson *+ic+ is on page GM is ver eas$

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  >ectia care se afla la pagina GM este foarte usoara$c)that *he classroom (t+at ) ou can see in this picture is our classrom

  5lasa pe care o vedeti in acest tablou este clasa noastra$

 LESS%N

T)E )%USE I LIVE IN 

% live in a flat of  a three ' storeed house at the corner of  a beautiful avenue$ 7ur house is made of   brick$ 7n top

of the roof there are several chimnes and a *$.$serial$*he house has several stores# that is the ground floor# the firstfloor#the second floor# the top floor with the attics and the loft$

8elow the ground floor is the basement were we have a ceilar$*he house has a front and a back entrance$ *here is a large garden all around our house$ %n front of the house

there is a lawn# shrubs and some flowerbeds#while at the back of the house there are some fruit trees and a vegetablegarden$

t one side of the house there is a garage$Bhen % come home# % open the gate# walk along the path to the front door and enter the house$ staircase leads to

the second floor where our flat is situated$&%>7@=4<ar:Bhere do ou liveD@eorge: % live at 33# 1oma -treet$

<ar: +ave ou got a flat thereD $@eorge: Ees# we have$ BeOve recentl got a flat there$<ar: +ave ou alread moved into our new flat D

  @eorge: Ees# we have$<ar: %s our  flat in a house or in a block of flatsD@eorge: %tOs in a house$<ar: %s it a man' storeed houseD@eorge: %tOs a three ' storeed house$<ar: Bhat floor do ou live onD@eorge: % live on the second floor$<ar: &o ou grow an vegetables in our gardenD@eorge: 7f course# we do$ Be have a vegetable garden at the back of our 

house$<ar: Bhere do ou keep our car D@eorge: Be keep the car in a garage which is at one side of the house$<ar: EouOve got all modern conveniences in our  house# havenOt ouD@eorge: Ees# weOve got electricit# gas# central heating# runnig water and a telephone$

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari:  $ Bhere do ou liveD 0$ %s our house a man ' storeed oneD 3$ Bhat is the house made ofD G$ Bhat can ou seeon top of its roofD H$ Bhat is there in the basementD I$ +ow man entrances has the houseD J$ Bhat is there all around thehouseD K$ Bhat can ou see in front of the houseD L$ Bhat is there at its backD M$ Bhere do ou keep our carD $ 7nwhat floor is our flat situatedD 0$Bhat are the modern conveniences in our houseD

 II.(orbiti despre casa in care ati dori sa locuiti$ III. Traduceti in limba engleza :$*ocmai ne'am mutat intr 'o casa noua $ 0$ partamentul in care locuim se afla la parterul unei case cu trei etaje$ 3$*inem masina intr'un garaj care se afla in spatele casei$ G$ 6u am locuit niciodata intr'un bloc$ H$ 4l a intrat deja in casa DI$ i fost vreodata la >ondraD J$ *ocmai mi'am scris temele$ K$ <i'a placut intotdeauna sa calatoresc$ L$ 5asa in carelocuiti are multe etajeD M$ ti vorbit adesea despre elD $ 5ine a deschis fereastraD 0$ 4i nu cultiva legume in gradinadin fata casei#$ cultiva flori$ 3$ 6u am putut niciodata sa'i raspund la aceasta intrebare$ G$ .i s'a permis vreodata saintrati in camera aceeaD H$ 6u a trebuit niciodata sa scriem toate exercitiile$

@1<<1  $REZENTUL $ERFECT SIM$LU 

( $resent $er!e#t Si4ple

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&aca pronumele relativ este precedat de o prepo!itie# pronumele relativ este omis iar prepo!itia se asea!a la sfarsitul propo!itiei si se accentuea!a$*he text about *+ic+ we are going to talk is ver eas$*extul despre care urmea!a sa vorbim este foarte usor$*he man to *+om we are handing in our exercise 'books to is our teacher$8arbatul caruia ii predam caietele este profesorul nostru$2.#ompletati spatiile libere cu pronumele relativ corespunzator A omiteti apoi pronumele relativ unde este posibil  :$ *he studentN is late is m friend$ 0$ *he oung lad $$$ ou can tping is a tpist$3$ *he text aboutNwe are talking is ver eas$ G$ *he person toN$$explanations we are listening is our teacher$ H$ *heroom $$$$ ou can see in picture number one is our classroom$H$ *he oung lad $$$ is shutting the door is a secretar$ J$ *he man aboutNwe

are talking is an architect$ K$ *he bo to N$she is speaking is Fohn$

 LESS%N '

 3%)N/S FLAT 

  Fohn# a good friend of mine# has recentl moved into a new flat$+ere we are in the hall of a new# modem 'looking# nine ' storeed block of flats$s the flat he lives in is on the fifth floor# we get into the lift which takes us up to the fifth

floor$ *here are two doors on the landing$ Fohn leads the wa to the door on the right and unlocks it without having toknock at the door or ring the bell$ *he entrance door opens into the hall where there is a hall stand and a looking' glass$

*hen# Fohn shows me into his stud room where % meet his wife$ *he main piece of furniture here is the bookcase%n this room there is also a writing desk with a computer and a desk lamp on it# two armchairs and a sofa$ Bhile FohnOswife is preparing coffee and some sandwiches for us# Fohn shows me round the flat$ Be enter a large room which is both aliving ' room and a dining ' room$ +ere % can see an oval table with six chairs round it# a sideboard# a dumb waiter and achina cabinet# a settee# several armchairs and a low table# a *$.$ and a radio set$

%n the bedroom there is a bed# two night tables with reading lamps on them# a chest of drawers# a wardrobe and a dressing table with a looking glass$

 6ext to the bedroom is the nurser# a small but cos room# 3 m long b 3$H m wide$%n all the rooms there are carpets on the parquet floors#curtains at the windows# pictures on the walls# lamps hanging fromthe ceiling$ 8etween the bedroom and the nurser there is a bathroom# and on the other side of a corridor there are akitchen and a pantr$  &%>7@=4

8ob: % like our flat ver much$ +ow long have ou been living in this flatDFohn : Be have been living here for three months$ Bhat about ouD8ob: BeOve recentl bought a new flat$ %tOs ver nice and comfortable too$

Fohn : %s our flat largeD8ob: Ees# itOs quite large and there is a lot of housework to do$Fohn : % hope ou help our wife with the housework# donOt ouD8ob: 7f course# % do$ *oda# for instance# we have been cleaning the house together all da long$Fohn : 8ut tell me# please# is all the furniture in our flat newD8ob: Ees# weOve recentl bought almost all the furniture in our flat# but we havenOt et boughtall the furniture for m sonOs room$ 5all on us# one da$Fohn: *hank ou ver much for our kind invitation$

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

Bho is FohnD 0$ Bhere has Fohn recentl movedD 3$ Bhere is the flat he lives in situatedD G$ Bhat is there in thehall of his flatD H$ Bhich is the first room % seeD I$ Bhom do % meetD J$ Bhat furniture is there in FohnOs stud 'roomD K$ Bhat is the furniture in the other rooms in FohnOs flatD L$ +ow long has Fohn been living in this flatD M+ave the recentl bought the furniture in their flatD

 II.(orbiti despre casa voastra.

 III. Traduceti in limba engleza!

$ %ata'ne in apartamentul nostru cel nou# situat la etajul al cincilea al unui bloc nou simodern$ 0$ partamentul este mare si luminos# cu patru camere spatioase# baie si bucatarie$

0J

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 3$ m cumparat recent aproape toata mobila$ G$ &ar tu# de cat timp locuiesti in aceasta casa D >ocuiesc aici din anul LJHadica de cand sunt in 8ucuresti$ H$ -unt economist din anul LJ0$ I$ 4i discuta despre filmul acela de !ece minute$ J$ tradus deja textul# ce urmea!a sa faca acumD K$ &e cat timp plaua D ,loua de doua !ile$ L$ ,loaia nu s'a oprit inca$ M$ &ecat timp asculta ea mu!ica in camera de alaturiD$ 5are dintre studenti a predat deja testeteD 0$ 6u i'a placut niciodata saciteasca$ 3$ ti luat deja micul dejunD G$ >ocuim in 8ucuresti de trei ani$ H$ ti facut vreodata exercitii in laboratorullingvisticD

@1<<1 TIM$UL .$RESENT $ERFECT2AS$ECTUL C%NTINUU 

(The $resent $er!e#t Tense2 C"ntin0"0s Aspe#t

&efinitie!,re!entul ,erfect continuu arata o actiune in curs de desfasurare in trecut# include momentul vorbirii si poatecontinua si in viitor$Aormare: pre!entul perfect al verbululi auxiliar V9to be9(to have la pre!ent been)participiul pre!ent(.'ing) Afirmativ:S+ave,a+been+V-ing

Negativ:S+avent,ant+V-ing

Interogativ:ave,a+S+been+V-ing!

firmativ  6egativ %nterogativ('6egativ)

% have been writing   % have not been writing +ave % (not) been writingDEou have been writing Eou have not been writing +ave ou (not) been wrttingD

+e has been writing$ +e has not been writing +as he (not) been writingD

-he has been writing -he has not been writing +as she (not) been writingD

%t has been writing %t has not been writing +as it (not) been writingD#Be have been writing Be have not been writing +ave we (not) been writingD

$

Eou have been writing Eou have not been writing +ave ou (not) been writingD

*he have been writing *hehave not been writing +ave the (not) been writingD

Aorme5ontrase

%’ve been writing# heOs beenwriting#etc$

%Ove not (% havenOt) beenwriting# heOs not (he hasnOt)

 been writing# etc

+avenOt % been writingD# hasnOthe been writingD etc$

"o* *e intrebuintare(te ue)

%$actiune inceputa in trecut# care continua in pre!ent:e$g$:%’ve been waiting for him since nine$(%l astept de la noua)$%%$actiuni repetate intr'o perioada care include momentul vorbiriifor si sincee$g$:+e has been working for a few hours$(>ucrea!a de cateva ore)+e has been plaing tennis since LLL(Foaca tenis dinLLL)%%%$actiune inceputa in trecut care continua in momentul vorbiriiall da (long)# all morning# all afernoon e$g$:+e has beensleeping all morning$%.$actiune repetata# care exprima un repros:e$g$:+ow often have % been telling ou thisD(&e cate ori sa'ti spun astaD),resent ,erfect 5ontinuous raspunde la intrebarile(Aor)how longD# -ince whenD

 Di!erente &intre $ast Tense si $resent $er!e#t 

0K

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%$&iferenta consta in axa pe care se plasea!a vorbitorul:axa pre!entului pentru ,resent ,erfect si axa trecutului pentru ,ast*ense# si in natura evenimentului descris:nedefinit(,resent ,erfect) si definit# unic(,ast *ense)e$g$%’ve seen <ar % sawher esterda$%%$,resent ,erfect apare insotit de adverbe care descriu o perioada de timp deschisa# nelimitata:toda# this week# thisear$e$g$:%’ve been to the theatre this week$,ast *ense apare insotit de adverbe ce arata o perioda inchisa# terminata:e$g$:% went there last week$%%%$,resent ,erfect se foloseste cu valoare de ,ast *ense pentru o actiune savarsita in trecut# terminata recent$ pare insotitde just# alread si et:e$g$+e has just come$%.$ -e foloseste ,ast *ense pentru actiuni trecute si ai caror autori nu mai exista:<ihai 4minescu wrote man poems si,resesnt ,erfect pentru aciuni trecute ai caror autori mai exista:< friend has written several books(-he isalive)sau:e$g$&id ou see this exhibitionD(*he exhibition is closed now) si +ave ou seen this exhibitionD(the exhibitionis still open).$ dverbele toda# this weekN# recentl# pot fi folosite si la ,ast *ense cand se refera la o perioada incheiata si la oactiune definita:e$g$%’ve been to the dentist this morning(%t’s ll a$m$)si % was to the dentist(%t’s lI a$m$).%$5and Q9since9 indica momentul initial al actiunii este folosit cu ,ast *ense:e$g$+e has staed at home since he fellill$5and cele doua actiuni sunt concomitente se foloseste ,resent ,erfect:e$g$:% haven’t seen him since %’ve been here$.$ -e foloseste ,resent ,erfect in locul lui ,ast *ense cand actiunea este terminata recent:e$g$:+e has come

 LESS%N''

 $R%FESSI%NS AND TRADES 

*o earn their living# people have to work$*he occupation which require a special training and learning are called professions$

*he members of the learned professions are all brain workers$*he medical profession# for example# includes phsicians#surgeons# pharmaceutical chemists# dentists# oculists# nurses# etc$ *he profession of law comprises lawers$ 4conomistsare specialists in economic problems# accountants keep records$ Fournalists write articles in newspapers$ *he teaching profession includes schoolmasters# teachers# lecturers# professors$ *he engineering profession has man branches: civil#mechanical# electrical# etc$

*he occupations which require skilled work with the hands are called trades$*he building of a house for example means emploing bricklaers# carpenters# joiners#plumbers# electricians#

 painters# gla!iers# locksmiths$

Aactories emplo welders# weavers# blacksmiths$  griculture needs farmers$*here are also transport workers# people engaged in making and repairing things#

 people engaged in trade: tradesmen# merchants and shop assistants$7ffice workers# tpists and secretaries are emploed b office and banks$

)AT D% NAMES MEAN+

 6ick: >et me ask ou a question$ Bh are we named 5arpenterD 7ur teacher sas man names come from occupations$*his means that one of our ancestors was a carpenter$

Aather: *hatOs right$ 6ick : -o# Foe -hepherdOs ancestors were shepherds# werenOt theDAather: *he probabl were$ 6ick: Bhat about -mith or 5ooperDAather: *hese names come from occupations# too$ smith was a man whose job was to work in metal# while a cooperOs job was to make barrels$ 6ick: 8ut when were these names chosenDAather: % think it was about the ear MM# that is almost nine hundred ears ago$ 6ick: *hatOs wh modern occupations arenOt used for names$ Eou never hear a name like 4lectrician# because there werenOtan electricians when famil names were chosen$ % think itOs interesting to have a name like ours# that shows what ourancestors were$

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 I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$ Bhat do ou call the occupations which require a special training and learningD 0$ Bhom does the medical profession includeD 3$ Bhat are economists speciali!ed inD G$ Bhat do accountants doD H$ Bhat do journalists doD I$Bhom does the teaching profession includeD J$ Bhat are the branches of the engineering professionD K$ Bhat do oumean b tradesD L$ Bhom do offices and banks emploD M$ Bho are those engaged in tradeD 

 II.(orbiti despre profesii si meserii

 III.Traduceti in limba engleza :$ ,rofesiile necesita o pregatire speciala $ 0$ <eserille necesita munca manuala calificata$ 3$ Widarii# !ugravii# geamgii#

dulgherii# electricienii# instalatorii# tamplarii# toti lucrea!a impreuna pentru a construi o casa$ G$ 4conomistii suntspecialisti in probleme economice$ H$ 8irourile angajea!a functionari# dactilografe si secretare$ I$ <uncitorii agricolilucrea!a in agricultura$ J$ 5ind aveai K ani erai studenta #nu 2i asaD K$ nul trecut ei nu erau inca economisti# eraustudenti$

@1<<1 TlM$UL TRECUT AL VERBULUI .T BE.

(The $ast Tense "! the Verb .t" be.

firmativ 6egativ %nterogativ ('6egativ)

% was % was not Bas % (not)DEou were Eou were not Bere ou (not)D+e was +e was not Bas he (not)D

-he was -he was not Bas she (not)D%t was %t was not was it (not)DBe were Be were not Bere we (not)DEou were Eou were not Bere ou (not)D*he were *he were not Bere the (not)D

Aorme % wasnOt# ou werenOt# BasnOt %D# werenOt contrase etc$ ou D

 1.Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la timpul trecut  :$ % am a student$ 0$ Be are in the classroom 3$ %snOt he an economistD G$ -he is a tpist$ H$ *he arenOt students$ I$ %s he ateacherD J$ re the at homeD K$ m % not at the officeD

 LESS%N '1

 M* 3%B

  -ometimes we sa that someone we know is Pa square peg in a round holeP$ *his means thatthe person we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing$ +e ma be an accoutant whowants to be an actor# or he ma be an engineer who enjos painting for one reason or another he ma not do the kind ofwork he wants to consequentl# he does not do his work with pleasure# sometimes he does not do it properl andhe canOt find an satisfaction in the result of his work$5hoosing the right career is ver important$ <ost of us spend a lot of time at our jobs$*hat is wh we must tr to find out what our aptitudes are and how we can use them$

s for me# % am an economist at the %<,4U 5ompan$ % like m job ver much# % work with pleasure and thatmeans a high satisfaction for me$

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

3M

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$Bhat do we mean b saing that somebod is’’a square peg in a round holePD 0$ Bh is it ver important to choose theright careerD 3$ Bhat are ouD G$ &o ou like our jobD H$ re ou ver bus at the officeD I$ &o ou go through the mailever daD J$ +ow long does it take ou to do itD K$ Bho tpes the letters ou draw upD L$ &o ou often attend businesstalksD M$ Bhat foreign languages can ou speakD II.(orbiti despre activitatea voastra$ III.Traduceti in limba engleza:$nul trecut nu aveam ore de engle!a$0$6u am avut timp sa'mi fac traducerea$3$4l nu participa niciodata la tratativelecomerciale$G$&irectorul i'a dictat deja secretarei raspunsul la scrisoare$H$ -ecretara a scris raspunsul la scrisoare$I$mlasat toate scrisorile la secretara pentru ca directorul sa le semne!e$J$ condus clientii staini prin tara ca sa vi!ite!efabricile noastre$ AT T)E %FFICE 

&ick: re ou ver bus at the officeDFack : 7f course# % am$ Eesterda# for example#% had a lot of things to do$ %n the morning# % had to look through the mailand answer some business letters and telegrams# then N$&ik : &oes it take ou long to do itDFack : 6o# it doesnOt$ @enerall that takes me about an hour$&ick : &o ou tpe our letters ourselfDFack: 6o# % donOt$ % dictate the answers to a shorthand tpist who then tpes them$ *hen# % take the letters together withsome other papers to the managerOs office# for the manager to sign them$ %f the manager is engaged or is out# attending aconference or a meeting# % leave the papers with his secretar$ 7r# sometimes# % have to see the manager to ask him forfurther instructions$

&ick: &o ou ever attend business talksDFack: % certainl do$ % receive visitors who come to discuss business matters$ % attend business talks# interviews andconferences# settle questions and make arrangements with them# speak over the telephone to various clients or take themabout the countr# to visit our factories$&ick: Bho makes our translationsDFack: % read a lot in 4nglish and @erman# speciali!ed newspapers and maga!ines# so % am alread able to make sometranslations$ 8esides# when necessar# % also draw up reports#in 1omanian#of course$

@1<<1 TIM$UL TRECUT AL VERBULUI 22T )AVE.

(The $ast Tense "! the Verb .T% )AVE

 

Afirmativ

% hadEou had+e had-he#he# %t hadBe hadEou had*he had

Negativ

% had not

Eou had not+e had not-he had not%t had notBe had notEou had not*he had not

Interogativ

+ad % D+ad ou D+ad he D+ad she D+ad it D+ad we D+ad ou D+ad the D

Aorme contrase: %Od# ouOd#heOd# etc$

3

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1.Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la timpul trecut :$*he have their brekfast at eight o’clock ever morning$0$-he has a rest ever afternoon$3$Eou have a nice dresson$G$-he has a shower ever morning$H$% have drown up the report mself$I$+e can translate this article into 4nglish$

 LESS%N '6

VISITING A FARM 

  >ast ear# we spent part of our summer holidas in the countr$ *he village where m parents live is situated at a certain distance from the railwa station$ >eaving the station#

 we walked through the fields belonging to some large farms$*he lands were under wheat and mai!e$ 7n both sides of

the road# there were orchards with apple' pear' and cherr trees$< parents’ house# built some ears ago# is surrounded b a ver large garden$ t the back of the house# there isa kitchen garden# where the grow all the vegetables the need: tomatoes# cabbages# beans# carrots and potatoes$ *here isalso a back ard where one can see hens# cocks# chickens# geese and pigs$  7ne da# we visited some large farms$ s we were interested in stock breeding# we went

to the pasture land# where we saw a big herd of cows# oxen and calves and a flock of sheep and lambs gra!ing$  &%>7@=4Aarmen : Bhat do ou think about our farmD

  nn: % think it is reall a modern farm but how can ou obtain such high ields per hectareDAarmer: *hanks to the advanced methods of scientific farming we use$Fohn :%s our farm speciali!ed in field husbandr onlDAarmer: 6o# it is not$ %t is speciali!ing in dair farming as well$<ar: &o ou breed poultr# tooDAarmer: 7f course# we do$ *he number of poultr is increasing# and we are going to extend the farm next ear$

 I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$Bhere did we spend our summer holidas last earD 0$ Bhere is the village where m parents live situatedD 3$Bhat did we see when leaving the stationD G$ Bhat were the lands underD H$ Bhat did we see on both sides of the roadD I$Bhat is m parentsO house surrounded bD J$ Bhat is there at the back of the houseD K$ Bhat do m parents grow in their kitchen gardenD L$ Bhat did we see on the pasture land belonging to the farmD M$ +ow can the farmers obtain such highields per hectareD $ re the speciali!ed in field husbandr onlD0$ &o the breed poultr# tooD II.%escrieti o vizita la ferma$ III. Traduceti in limba engleza:$%n fiecare an imi petrec vacanta de vara la tara# in satul in care locuiesc parintiimei$0$-atul este ase!at departe de gara$3$cum cativa ani# parintii mei si'au construit o casa noua$G$%n gradina din spatelecasei cultiva tot felul de legume:rosii# morcovi# var!a# fasole$H$,e pajistea de langa ferma erau vaci#boi# vitei# oi simiei$I$&atorita metodelor avansate de cultivare a pamantului pe care le folosesc#taranii obtin productii mari lahectar$J$Aerma noastra este speciali!ata atat in cultivarea solului# cat si in cresterea animalelor$

%A""A% %$/''0 SI"P0'(P%$$%I'0)

 ast Tense -imple

&efinitie  *recutul simplu exprima actiuni sau stari trecute care nu au legatura cu pre!entul$Aormare  >a verbele regulate forma de ,ast *ense(.0) coincide cu cea de ,ast ,articiple(.3) si are ca marca terminatia 2 ed:e$g$work worked worked  >a verbele neregulate exista trei forme:.#.0#.3:go# went# gone  %nterogativul si negativul se formea!a cu ajutorul verdului 9to do9la ,ast *ense'did

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Afirmativ:S+V1(e*)

Negativ:S+*i* not(*i*nt)+V2

Interogativ:Di*+S+V2!

firmativ 6egativ %nterogativ ('6egativ)

% wrote % did not write &id % (not) writeD

Eou wrote Eou did not write &id ou (not) writeD+e wrote +e did not write &id he (not) writeD-he wrote -he did not write &id she (not) writeD%t wrote %t did not write &id it (not) writeDBe wrote Be did not write &id we (not) writeDEou wrote Eou did not write &id ou (not) writeD

*he wrote *he did not write &id the (not) writeD

Aorme % didnOt write# ou  &idnOt % writeD# didnOt

oucontrase didnOt write# he didnOt writeD didnOt he writeD

write# etc$ etc$

"o* *e intrebuintare(e ue):  *recutul -implu exprima:  %$o actiune(stare) savarsita si incheiata intr'un moment din trecut$<omentul poate fi:  'preci!at prin adverb de timp: esterda# two das ago#last week# in lLJJ:e$g$% went there last night(m fost acolo aseara$)  'preci!at ca re!ultat al unei intrebari si a unui raspuns:e$g$$9+ave ou seen this filmD98$9Ees# % have$% saw it last ear$9('i va!ut acest filmD &a$ >'am va!ut anul trecut$)  'dedus din context:% met him here$(>'am intalnit aici$)  %%$o actiune repetata in trecut$4ste echivalentul lui wouldto . sau used to(obisnuia sa)# si se traduce prin imperfect$e$g$% often visited him$(%l vi!itam adesea$)  %%%$lte valori ale trecutului simplu:$,re!ent'pentru a exprima o rugaminte politicosa# dupa verbe precum:wish#want# wonder# like# intend$

e$g$ % wondered if ou could lend me this book$(<a intrebam daca ati putea sa'mi imprumuti aceasta carte$)0$,re!ent'in vorbirea indirecta daca verbul din principala este la trecut:e$g$+e told me he was ill$(<i'a spus ca este bolnav$)3$,ast ,erfect'pentru actiuni succesive din trecut in propo!itii introduse de when# after:e$g$+e sang after he finished his homework$(4l a cantat dupa ce si'a terminat temele$)G$.iitor'in circumstantiale de timp# daca verbul din principale este la trecut:e$g$+e told me he would help me when he had time$(<i'a spus ca ma va ajuta cand va avea timp$)  *recutul simplu se traduce prin: a$perfect compus:e$g$: % met her esterda$(m intalnit'o ieri$) b$ perfect simplu:e$g$:9% can’t sta an longer9#he said$(6u mai pot sta#!ise el$) c$imperfect:e$g$:-he was in the front room$(4ra in camera din fata$) d$pre!ent:e$g$:-he told me she was in a hurr$(<i'a spus ca se grabeste$)

 e$viitor:e$g$:-he said she would go home when she finished school$( !is ca va merge acasa cand va termina scoala$) 1.#ompletati spatiile libere cu verbul cerut de sens:$%n the kitchen garden m parents $$$ all kinds of vegetables 0$ >ast ear weN$$ no part of our summer holidas in the countr$ 3$ 7ne da we$$$ the farm$ G$ *he farmers$$$ high ields per hectare$ H$*he grow allthe vegetables the$$$ $ I$ < parents N in a new house$ J$ 5ows# oxen# calves# sheep and lambs $$$ on the pasture land$0$ Inlocuiti infinitivul din paranteza cu timpul trecut" aspectul comun !

$ 7ne da we (to visit) a farm$ 0$ *hen we (to go) to the pasture land$ 3$ *his moming he (to leave) for his office at half past seven$ G$ >ast ear the (not to grow) an vegetables in their garden$ H$ *wo ears ago we (to spend) our summerholidas in the mountains$ I$ *he (to build) their new house two ears ago$ J$ *he farmer (to tell) us about the advanced

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methods of scientific farming the used$ K$ *his morning % (not to take) breakfast at J oOclock as usual$ L$ *he (to get)high ields per hectare$ M$ -everal ears ago we (to breed ) poultr# too$ 3$Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la interogativ" negativ si interogativnegativ !

$ >ast ear we spent our summer holidas in the countr$ 0$ % knew him ver well$ 3$ -everal das ago % bought a newdress$ G$ % met him in the street$ H$ +e showed me round their new flat$ I$ *he moved into their new house two monthsago$ G$ uneti intrebari la urmatoarele propozitii" conform modelului: odel! >ast summer we visited a farm$

Bhen did ou visit a farmD $ >ast night we went to the theatre$ 0$ % met him esterda$3$ +e rang the bell some minutes ago$G$ *he teacher explained us this grammar problem last week$ H$ Be talked about it some das ago$ I$ % wrote him a letter the da before esterda$ J$ >ast -unda# he helped his wife with the housework$ K$ *his morningthe -un rose at six oOclock$ L$ -ome ears ago he worked in a farm$ M$ < parents retired on a pension several ears ago$5.#ompletati spatiile libere cu timpul trecut al verbului to be" la forma corespunzatoare:$ *here $$$ no students in the classroom two hours ago$ 0$ 7ne of our ancestors $$$carpenter$ 3$ +is ancestors $$$ shepherds# $$$ theD G$ Bhere$$$ ou esterdaD H$ *here$$$ an electricians when familnames $$$ chosen$ I$ +e$$$ not a student last ear$ J$ $$$ ou athome the da before esterda# at M oOclockD K$ 7ur name shows what our ancestorsN$$L$ % $$$ ver bus two weeks ago$ M$ *hese names $$$ chosen about the ear MM$ $ $$$the ver happ to hear thatD 0$ %t $$$ on the 0I th of <a# three ears ago$ 6.Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la timpul trecut  :$ *he have their breakfast at eight oOclock ever morning$ 0$ -he has a rest ever afternoon$ 3$ Eou have a nice dress on$G$ -he has a shower ever morning$ H$ =suall# the have lunch at the canteen$ I$ Be have a walk ever evening$B.uneti intrebari la urmatoarele propozitii !

$ =ndergrounds run under the ground$ 0$ &uring rush hours# a lot of people go to and come from their work$ 3$ -teamtrains were ver dirt$ G$ *oda# the sstem of >ondon passenger transport covers an area of about 0#MMM sq$ miles$ H$*here are vacant seats on top$ I$ *he people standing at the door are getting off next stop$ J$ Be got to 7xford -treet bunderground$K$ 4ver morning# we must take a bus to the centre of the cit$ L$ t some stations# passengers can change toa different underground line$ L$ ,assengers ma cross the street when the green light is on$

 LESS%N '8

 SIG)TSEEING 

<r$ -mith# a trade representative# came to Bashington on business for his compan$ %t was his first visit toBashington# so# whenever he had some spare time# he tried to see as much as possible$*he first morning# after breakfast# he took a walk along <assachusetts venue# a  broad street with fine buildings

and trees on  both sides# where most of the embassies are situated$ +e had no time to see an places of interest thamorning# as he had an appointment with <r$ Bilson the manager of the trade firm his compan was doing business with$Bhen their business talk was over# <r$ Bilson invited <r$ -mith to have lunch with him# and then he took him in his carround the cit# for a sightseeing tour$  Airst# the drove past three of the five universities in Bashington# then# the went to see some famous monumentsnamed for great merican presidents: the Bashington <onument# the Fefferson <emorial and the >incoln <emorial$

*he also visited famous buildings such as the 6ational @aller of  rt# the -upreme5ourt and the 5apitol and drove through the business section of the cit$

7ne da# <r$ -mith visited the Bhite +ouse# where he saw paintings and statues of  former presidents and man

 pieces of furniture from the time when the Bhite +ouse was built$nother interesting place <r$ -mith visited# was the -mithsonian %nstitution# showing a wide range of exhibitsfrom the oldest to the most modern: coins# old clothes# soldiersO uniforms and weapons# biccles# cars# airplanes and thelatest rockets$ +e also saw the ,entagon# the famous building with five sides#one of the largest office buildings in theworld$

nother place worth seeing in Bashington is the >ibrar of 5ongress# the largest librar in the =nited -tates$ 7nhis last da in Bashington# <r$ -mith visited <ount .ernon# the home of @eorge Bashington# a beautiful old housesituated on a hill looking over the ,otomac 1iver$ %t is a museum now# exhibiting furniture# clothes and tools used duringthe time Bashington lived$

  DIA0#'$

Fane: Bh is the name of the capital of the =nited -tates followed b the letters &$ 5$D

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 Ared: 8ecause Bashington is situated in the &istrict of 5olumbia# so named in honour of 5olumbus# the man whodiscovered merica$Fane: ,eople sa it is difficult to lose our wa in Bashington$Ared: *hat’s right$ *he cit is ver well designed$ *he streets that go east and west are named for letters of the alphabetwhile those that go north and south are numbered .

Fane: %Om particularl interested in the monuments to the great merican presidents$ Bhat do the look likeDAred: *he monuments to Fefferson and >incoln are beautiful statues# while the Bashington <onument looks like a pramid$Fane: %f ou have visited the -mithsonian %nstitution# it means ou have also seen theairplane >indbergh flew b# across the tlantic 7cean# in L0J$Ared: Ees# % have$ %t is a small plane with onl one engine$ nd besides# the clothes he was wearing# and all the things hewas having with him in the plane# during the flight# are also exhibited$

 I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari:$Bhat did <r$ -mith go to Bashington forD 0$ Bas that his first visit to the capital of the =nited -tatesD 3$ Bhat

did he do whenever he had some spare timeD G$ Bhat does <assachusetts venue look likeD H$ Bh didnOt <r$-mithvisit an places of interest the first morningD I$ Bhat did <r$ -mith do when the business talk was overD J$ Bhat arethe places of interest in Bashington he visitedD K$ Bhat does the -mithsonian %nstitution exhibitD L$ Bhat is <ount.ernonD M$ Bhat do the monuments to the presidents of the =nited -tates look likeD $ Bh is it difficult to loseour wa in BashingtonD

 II.(orbiti despre Cas+ington si apoi despre orasul vostru$

 III.Traduceti in limba engleza:$%eri pe vremea aceasta ma duceam spre birou$0$%n timp ce noi invatam# ei isi scriau temele$3$5e facea na in

timp ce <aria lua micul dejunDG$=nde va duceati ieri cand v'am intalnitDH$5e faceati ieri pe la ora patruDI$5u cinevorbeai la telefon cand am intrat in cameraDJ$5and am ajuns acasa# *om tocmai ii arata prietenului lui apartamentulnostru cel nou$K$7ri de cate ori am putin timp liber# vi!ite! un mu!eu$L$%n mu!eul de la <ount .ernon putem vedeaun numar mare de exponate:mobila# haine#unelte folosite in vremea cand traia Bashington$M$&istrictul 5olumbia si'a primit numele de la 5olumb# cel care a descoperit merica$

@1<<1  $AST C%NTINU%US TENSE 

(Tre#0t0l #"ntin00

&efinitie *recutul continuu arata o actiune sau stare in curs de desfasurare in trecut$

<od de formare(*he wa of formation) :verbul 9to be9 la ,ast *enseparticipiul pre!ent(forma in 2ing)e$g$% wassinging(5antam$)

firmativ:-*o be (trecut).'ing 6egativ:-to be(trecut) not.'ing  wasn’t/weren’t%nterogativ:to be(trecut)-.'ngD  Bas/were

firmativ 6egativ %nterogativ% was writing % was not writingBas % (not) writingDBere ou (not) writingDBas he (not) writingDBas she (not) writingDBas it (not) writingDBere we (not) writingDBere ou (not) writingDBere the (not) writingD

Eou were writing Eou were not writing

+e was writing +e was not writing-he was writing -he was not writing%t was writing %t was not writingBe were writing Be were not writingEou were writing Eou were not writing *he were writing *he were not writing

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morning$ L$ Be (to have a walk) last night$ M$ *oda he (to come back) from the office at I oOclock$ $ % (not to like) hernew dress$ 0$ +e (to have breakfast) alread$

 LESS%N':

 $ASSENGER TRANS$%RT 

*oda# the sstem of  >ondon passenger transport covers an area of about 0#MMM sq$miles (about 0H miles in alldirections from 5haring 5ross# the centre of >ondon )# passengers getting about the cit b buses# motor coaches# taxi

cabs# surface trains and underground trains$ *he first undergrounds were steam trains# not ver different from other4nglish trains$ *he difference was that the ran under the ground# thus avoiding the cit above# overcrowded especiallduring the morning and late afternoon rush hours# when a lot  of people go to and come from their work$

*hus# undergrounds could get from one place to another faster than if the ran above the ground because therewere no buses# trams# cars# taxi cabs or pedestrians to get in their wa$ 8eside#there were no traffic lights# no crossroads#no pedestrians crossings# shortl# there were no reasons for the underground to slow down or stop except for stations$*here was no need to wait for the green light to be on# for the vehicles coming from the left to pass# for the pedestrians tocross the road$ 8ut steam trains were ver dirt# so the had to be replaced b electric ones# which were also faster thanthe steam ones$ 6ow# the word ’’=nderground9 across a large circle shows ou where the stations are$ t ever under'ground station there are maps of all the underground lines in >ondon# so it is eas to see how to get to the place ouwant to go to$ t some stations# one can change to a different underground line$ *o change trains# passengers have to go toanother level b escalators

or lifts$ ,assengers can get their tickets at booking offices# while for short journes# ticketscan be obtained from automatic machines$  &%>7@=4nn : 4xcuse me# -ir# which bus must we take to 7xford -treetD,oliceman:*ake bus number x$nn : 5an we get to 7xfort -treet b underground# tooD,oliceman: Ees# ou can# but it takes ou less time to get there b bus$+urr up# the bus is coming$nn : *hank ou ver much$ (nn and <ar are running# but the donOt catch the bus)$nn : Bhat a pit weOve missed the bus$<ar: *hereOs another bus coming$(*he get on the bus)nn: &oes this bus run to 7xford -treetD5onductor: Ees# it does$ +old on tight C ,lent of seats on top$Aares# please C

<ar: >etOs go upstairs$ *here are vacant seats there$5onductor: n more faresD<ar: Ees# please$5onductor: Bhere toD<ar: *wo to the cit centre please$nn : *he next stop is ours$ % think itOs about time to move up to the front$ % donOt like elbowing m wa to the exit at thelast moment$ re the people standing at the door getting off next stopD<ar :4verbod gets off$ *he bus doesnOt run an farther$

 I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$Bhat area does the sstem of >ondon passenger transport coverD 0$ 8 what vehicles do passengers get about the citD3$ Bere the first >ondon undergrounds different from other 4nglish trainsD G$ Bhat do we mean b rush hoursD H$ Bh is

it possible for undergrounds to get from one place to another ver fastD I$ Bh were steam trains replaced b electriconesD J$ Bhat does the word P=ndergroundP across a large circle indicateD K$ Bhat do the maps in the undergroundstations showD L$ Bhat must passengers do to change trainsD M$ Bhere do passengers get their tickets fromD II.(orbiti despre transportul prin oras$ III.Traduceti in limba engleza:$7 asteptasem in fata cinematografului timp de un sfert de ora cand#in sfarsit# a venit$0$m locuit la 5luj timp de doi aniinainte de a ne muta la 8ucuresti$3$%eri pe vremea aceasta# na batea la masina de o ora$$G$5alatorisem prin tara timp dedoua saptamani cand i'am intalnit$H$5and am ajuns acasa mi'a aratat traducerea pe care o facea de la ora cinci$I$6e plimbam de o jumatate de ora prin parc# cand i'am intalnit pe prietenii nostri$J$ predat france!a timp de un an inainte dea incepe sa predea engle!a$K$,uteti sa'mi spuneti care este drumul cel mai scurt pana la hotelul8ucurestiDL$<ergeti tot inainte si apoi luati'o pe prima strada la dreapta$+otelul este cladirea mare din fata

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 6o soonerNNthan'+e had no sooner smoked a cigarette than he lit another$ 6o sooner had heNNNBhen 2*he train had left when we reached the station$fter'*he students went on holida after the had taken the exams$=ntil/till'*he didn’t go holida till/untill the had finished school$

 LESS%N '> 

%N EAT)ER

  P4verbod talks about the weather# but nobod does anthing about itP sas themerican writer <ark *wain$ $ $

%t is true that everbod talks about weather# which is the most common subject of  conversation$ P%snOt it a nicedaDP# P% think itOs going to rain P# are usual was of starting a conversation$

@reat 8ritain has an insular and temperate climate$ -ummers are cooler and winters milder than in our countr$utumns are fogg$ %n spring# especiall in pril# the wether is ver changeable$

+ere is an example of what a spring da in @reat 8ritain ma be : %t is dawn$ *he -un is just rising$ cool bree!e is blowing from the south ' east# but there are no clouds in the blue sk$ *he -un slowl rises higher and changesfrom red to ellow and soon it becomes ver bright$ @raduall# the bree!e becomes a wind$ 5louds appear in the sk$ t

noon the sk is overcast with black clouds$ %t lightens and thunders$ >arge rain drops begin to fall$ %t is a heav shower$8ut soon# the bright -un shines out again and we can see the rainbow in the blue sk$ *he air is fresh after the rain$ *he-un sets in the west and the sk is red and gold$ *his beautiful sunset promises a fine da tomorrow$  &%>7@=4:BhatOs the weather like in our countrD8: %tOs ver humid$ %t rains nine months out of the ear$: < countr is arid$ Be have ver little rain and much drought$ 8ut when it rains# we haveterrible thunderstorms and sometimes hurricanes$8: %n m countr# the temperature is generall mild# except in winter# when# for a few months#it becomes ver cold$ : < countr is hot during the da and just a little cooler at nignt# all the ear long$8 : % understand ou never have snowstorms$

: *hatOs right$ Be have dust storms in earl spring and late autumn$ %t never gets coldenough to snow$ I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$ &o people often talk about weatherD 0$ re summers in @reat 8ritain cooler or warmer than in our countrD 3$ Bhatabout wintersD G$ Bhat is the weather like in autumnD H$ Bhen is the weather ver changeableD I$ Bhere does the -unriseD J$ Bhere does it setD K$ Bhich is the hottest season of the earD L$ BhatOs the weather like todaD M$ %s the skovercastD $%s it raining or snowingD 0$ %s the -un shining in the blue skD 3$ %s it hot or coldD G$%s the wind blowingD II.#ompuneti scurte dialoguri despre vreme.

 III. Traduceti in limba engleza :  $ ,rimavara este anotimpul cel mai frumos al anului# dar vremea este foarte schimbatoare ploua destul de des$ 0$proape in fiecare dupa amia!a cerul este acoperit 3$ %n unele tari# unde clima este foarte umeda # ploua noua luni pe an$G$ %n alte tari# unde clima este secetoasa# ploua foarte rar# dar cand ploua sunt furtuni puternice si uragane$ H$ >a munte

verile sunt mai racoroase decat in celelalte regiuni$ I$ sta!i este o !i mai insorita decat ieri nu sunt deloc nori pe cer$ J$&upa ploaie# aerul este intotdeauna foarte proaspat$ K$%n sudul tarii clima este mai blanda decat in celelalte regiuni$ L$ 5areeste cea mai frumoasa !ona a tarii voastreD M$ nul acesta avem o vara mai lunga si mai calduroasa decat anul trecut$

@1<<1  MAI MULT CA $ERFECTUL C%NTINUU 

($AST $ERFECT C%NTINU%US

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Definitie:<ai mult ca perfectul continuu arata o actiune va!uta in curs de desfasurare pana intr'un anumit moment din trecut sicontinuand si in acel moment$<omentul poate fi marcat prin locutiuni:this time esterda#this time last month$

"o* *e formare.(e 3a4 of formation):<ai mult ca perfectul auxiliarului Qto be9(had been)participiul pre!ent(.'ing)

Afirmativ:S+a* been+V-ing

Negativ:S+a* not+been+V-ing

  a*nt

Interogativ:a*+S+been+V-ing!

firmativ 6egativ %nterogativ ('6egativ)

% had been writing % had not been writing +ad % (not) been writingDEou had been writing Eou had not been writing +ad ou (not) been writing D+e had been writing +e had not been writing +ad he (not) been writingD-he had been writing -he had not been writing +ad she (not) been writingD%t had been writing %t had not been writing +ad it (not) been writingD

Be had been writing Be had not been writing +ad we (not) been writingDEou had been writing Eou had not been writing +ad ou (not) been writingD

*he had been writing *he had not been writing +ad the (not) been writingDAormecontrase

%Od been writing# ouOd beenwriting# etc$

% hadnOt been writing# ou hadnOt been writing#etc$

+adnOt % been writingD# hadnOt ou been writingD 

"o* *e intrebuintare(e ue):

%$ctiune trecuta inceputa inaintea altei actiuni trecute si continuand pana la ea$pare insotit de forsince$e$g$:Bhen/b the time the alarm clock rang he had been sleeping for ten hours$%%$ctiune inceputa in trecut#in desfasurare inintea unui moment din trecut sau a altei actiuni trecute si putand continua sidupa aceea$pare insotit de :since nine o’clock#all da(long)#all morning#all afternoon#all the time$e$g$:*he had been travelling all da long when the reached there$%%%$ctiune frecvent repetata inaintea unui moment din trecut e$g$:Bhen we went to ,aris he had been studing Arench for two ears$%.$ctiune terminata cu putin inaintea altei actiuni trecute pe care o determina$e$g$:*he grass was wet because it had been raining$(%arba era uda fiindca plouase)$lte valori in vorbirea indirecta:$,resent ,erfect 5ontinuous:% Xve been waiting 2he said he had been waiting0$,ast *ense:%t was raining then'he said it had been raining then$

GRADELE DE C%M$ARATIE ALE AD3ECTIVULUI 

(C"4paris"n "! A&5e#ti-es

Pozitiv /omparativ Superlativ

uperioritate egalitate inferioritate relativ abolut

5omparatiasintetica

long longer than s long as not so long as the longest of ver longeas easier than s eas as not so eas as the easiest of ver eas

narrow narrower than s narrow as not so narrow as  thenarrowest of 

  ver narrow

clever cleverer than s clever as not so clever as the cleverest of ver clever 

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noble nobler s noble as not so noble as the noblest of ver noble

5omparatiaanalitica

interesting more interesting

thans interesting

asless interesting

thanthe most

interesting  ver interesting

 0eguli

  %$%n functie de numarul de silabe din care sunt formate adjectivele# acestea se pot compara in doua feluri :$ 5omparatia sintetica' 5omparativul de superioritate si superlativul relativ se formea!a adaugand la adjectivul la gradul po!itiv sufixele 'er# si'est# respectiv short# shorter # the shortest 

' 5omparativul de egalitate se formea!a din adjectivul la gradul po!itiv# precedat si urmat de conjunctia as: as short as

' 5omparativul de inferioritate se formea!a din adjectivul la gradul po!itiv# precedat de not so si urmat de as: not so short as

' -uperlativul absolut se formea!a din adjectivul la gradul po!itiv# precedat de adverbele ver (foarte)# terribl (teribil de)extremel (extrem de) etc$: ver short

Aormea!a gradele de comparatie dupa aceste reguli :a) adjectivele monosilabice : mild# milder # the mildest 

 b) adjectivele bisilabice terminate in :':eas#easier# the easiest'ow:narrow#narrower # the narrowest 

'er:clever# clever er # the clever est 

'ble : noble#nobler # the noblest 

5and se adauga sufixele 'er# 'est# 'adjectivele terminate in Qe9 pierd acest Qe9 final : large# larger # the largest 

' adjectivele monosilabice terminate intr 2o consoana precedata de o singura vocala scurta dublea!a consoana finala: big# bigger # the biggest 

 'la adjectivele terminate in '# precedat de o consoana # se transforma in i : eas# easier # the easiest 

' la adjectivele terminate in precedat de o vocala ' ramane neschimbat: ga# ga er # the ga est 

0$ 5omparatia analitica' 5omparativul de superioritate si superlativul relativ se formea!a din adjectivul la gradul po!itiv precedat de adverbelemore si t+e most  : beautiful " more beautiful# t+e most  beautiful' 5omparativul de egalitate si superlativul absolut se formea!a urmand regulile aplicabile la comparatia sintetica :as beautiful as# ver beautiful'5omparativul de inferioritate se formea!a din adjectivul la gradul po!itiv precedat deadverbul less!less beautifulcest tip de comparatie se aplica la adjectivele plurisilabice$

 1.%ati gradele de comparatie ale urmatoarelor ad=ective!

earl# cool# hot# short# cold# small# wide# oung# heav# mild# bright# large# clever# dark# happ# big# difficult# fat# strong#merr# low# high# new# interesting# weak# tall# narrow# thin# long# sad# ellow# beautiful$2.Inlocuiti ad=ectivul dat in paranteza la gradul pozitiv cu gradul de comparatie corespunzator. %ati mai multe variante

acolo unde este posibil !

$ Bhich is (cold) season of the earD 0$ 7ur house is (big) ours$ 3$ *his is (bright) room in our house$ G$ Bho is (fat)#<ar or nnD H$ Fohn is (handsome) 6ick$ I$ 6ick is (tall) man in our famil$ J$ Bhich is (rain) season of the earD K$Fane is (beautiful) <ar$ L$ *his exercise is (eas) that one$ M$ *oda the weather is (fine) esterda$ $ %n @reat 8ritainwinters are (mild) and summers are (cool) in our countr$ 0$ *om is (oung) in our famil$ 3$ *his is (interesting) book% have ever read$ G$ Bhich is (drought) region in our countrD H$ Bho is (short) the three girlsD I$ Bhich is the regionwith (low) temperatures in our countrD

 LESS%N '? 

%UR EE7 END

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Arom <onda till -aturda we are bus working or studing# but on week 'ends wegenerall relax and enjo ourselves$ *here are various was of spending our spare time#depending onour individual interests$

s for us# when the weather is fine# we usuall spend our week ' ends out of town$ Be go for a hike#boating orswimming$Be also enjo going to the countr for a picnic lunch#which is in fact popular with most of us$  >ast week ' end for example# together with some friends of ours# we decided to go to the woods and have our picnic b the river$

Be got up ver earl# prepared a picnic lunch# got the car read#took the fishing rods and drove off$ Be got to the

woods and chose for our picnic a reall beautiful picnic shad place under an oak ' tree$ %t was quite a pleasure to breathethe fresh air of the countr$ Be spread a blanket on the grass and sat down to have our lunch as we alread felt hungr$*he fresh air made everthing taste ver good$ *hen# the children were happ to change into their bathing suits and have aswim in the cool water of the river$ *he ladies picked flowers# berries and mushrooms# la in the sun ' ras and had a nicechat while walking about the wood$ *he men fished all the afternoon long without catching anthing at all$ Bhen theladies were back# the were surprised to see a camp fire alread  burning$ Bhen we were about to leave# it started rainingand we took shelter until the rain stopped$

Bhen it got dark# we drove back home$  &%>7@=4 6ick : Bhat shall we do this week ' endD<other  : *here are man things we can do# but we have to talk father about it$ %Om afraid he wants to sta at home$

 6ick:%f father wants to sta at home# then %Oll go to see a football match$

<other:Bell# mabe our father will agree to our going to the countr this week ' end$ 6ick:%Oll bathe and lie in the -un$ <other:8athe in this weatherD EouOll catch cold# if ou do$ 6ick:6o# % shanOt$ %Om sure man bos will bathe$ $<other:*here are other pleasant things we can do there$ Be shall take a long walk in thewood# pick berries and mushrooms# we shall go boating# fishing in the river full of  trout# we shall pitch a tent or  we shalmake a fire and cook on it# we shall sta b the fire and have a lot of  fun$ 6ick:6o# mother$ %f  % ma not swim# %Oll sta in town and watch a football match$<other:>etOs wait # then$ BeOll decide on it# when he comes$ I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$re we ver bus all the week longD 0$ Bhen do we generall relaxD 3$ Bhat does the wa we spend our spare timedepend onD G$ Bhere do we generall spend our week ' endsD H$ Bhere did we spend our last week ' endD I$ Bhen did weget up that morningD J$ Bhere did we drive toD K$ Bhat did we do when we got to the woodsD L$ &id we enjo our lunchDM$Bhat did the children doD $ Bhat did the ladies doD 0$ &id the men catch an fishD 3$ Bhen did we drive backhomeD II.(orbiti despre modul in care va petreceti sfarsitul de saptamana$ III.Traduceti in limba engleza:$=nde va veti petrece week'end'ul urmatorD0$5and vei putea sa'mi raspun!i la intrebareD3$&aca vremea va fi frumoasa#duminica ne vom duce la munte$G$&upa ce ploaia se va opri# vom face o plimbare cu barca$H$5and se va intuneca# vomface un foc de tabara$I$.om pleca dupa ce vom lua micul dejun$J$5and se va intoarce @eorge# vom discuta despreacesta$K$5and va trebui sa predam toate lucrarileDL$6e vom plimba prin padure# daca nu va ploua$M$&aca nu va fiocupat#cred ca va fi de acord sa petrecem acest sfarsit de saptamana impreuna# la tara$$.om face plaja# daca va fi destulde cald$0$5and vom ajunge in padure# ne vom odihni$

@1<<1 VIIT%RUL SIM$LU 

(F0t0re Tense Si4ple

Definitie:

.iitorul simplu desemnea!a actiuni sau stari posterioare momentului vorbirii$"o* *e formare(e 3a4 of formation):-shall/willto.(shall'pers % sg$ si pl$ si will'pers$a %%'a si a %%%'a sg$ si pl$)%n engle!a americana apare will la toate persoanele$%n limba vorbita se prefera formele contrase:shall/will devin ’ll.erbele modale sunt inlocuite de formele lor de pre!ent sau de inlocuitorii lor:to be able to# have to$Afirmativ:S+all,3ill+infinitivul 6urt al verbului

Negativ:all,3ill+not+infinitivul 6urt al verbului

  ant,3ont

G0

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Interogativ:Sall,3ill+S+infinitivul 6urt al verbului

firmativ 6egativ %nterogativ ('6egativ)

% shall write % shall not write -hall % (not) writeDEou will write Eou will not write Bill ou (not) writeD+e will write +e will not write Bill he (not) writeD-he will write -he will not write Bill she (not) writeD

%t will write %t will not write Bill it (not) writeDBe shall write Be shall not write -hall we (not) writeDEou will write Eou will not write Bill ou (not) writeD*he will write *he will not write Bill the (not) writeD

Aorme %Oll write# ouOll write# % shanOt write# ou -hanOt % writeD# wonOt oucontrase heOll write# etc wonOt write# he wonOt BriteD# wonOt he writeD#

write# etc$ etc$

"o* *e intrebuintare(e ue)

%$actiune care are loc intr'un moment viitor# moment marcat de adverbe:tomorrow# the da after tomorrow# nextweek/month/ear/-pring/<onda$e$g$:%’ll leave for >ondon tomorrow$%%$actiune presupusa de vorbitor ca putand avea loc in viitor dupa verbe precum:think# belive# hope# expect#doubt# wonder#suppose# assume# be sure# be afraid:e$g$:% hope the weather will change$%%%$%n completive directe dupa when# if# wheather# how:% don’t know if/wheather %’ll go there 6u se foloseste in temporale introduse de when# until/till# before#as soon as sau dupa conditionale introduse de if#unless:e$g$:%’ll wait until she comes back(pre!ent)sau *he will spend this week here if the weather is fine -e foloseste ,resent ,erfect in locul viitorului daca actiunea din secundara este ulterioara celei din principala:e$g$Be shall leave onl after we have prepared everthing (.om pleca numai dupa ce vom fi pregatit totul) 6uante modale:

.erbul V9will9folosit la persoana % sg$ si pl$ 4ste verb modal si exprima intentia sau hotararea de a savarsi oactiune$e$g$:% will go there(-unt hotarat sa ma duc acolo)

.erbul Q9shall9folosit la persoana a%%a si a%%%a sg$ si pl$ este verb modal si exprima un ordin# o amenintare# o promisiune$e$g$:Eou shall go there$(*rebuie sa te duci acolo)$sau Eou shall have the book back the da after tomorrow$(%ti promit sa'ti inapoie! cartea poimaine)$1.%ati interogativul" negativul"si interogativ negativul urmatoarelor propozitii  :

$%Oll go to see a football match$ 0$ Aather wants to spend the next week' end at home $3$Be enjo going to the countr for a picnic lunch$ G$ 7n week ' ends# we relax and enjo ourselves$ H$ Be shall

go fishing in the river full of trout$ I$ Be usuall spend our week 'ends out of town$ J$ *he will take a long walk in thewood$2.Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la viitor!

$ Be spend our week' ends in the countr$ 0$ *he donOt enjo themselves when the go to the cinema$ 3$ Be are busworking or studing$ G$ *here are man things we can do there$ H$ Be must take the fishing rods$ I$ *he donOt feelhungr$ J$ Be sta in town all the summer long$

C%M$ARATIA NEREGULATA A AD3ECTIVEL%R

(The Irreg0lar C"4paris"n "! A&5e#ti-es

Pozitiv /omparativ Superlativ

good (bun) better (mai bun) *he best (cel mai bun)

 bad (rau)ill (bolnav)

  worse (mai rau# mai bolnav)  *he worst (cel mai

1au# cel mai bolnav)

much (mult)   more(mai mult#mai multi# mai multe)

*he most (cel maimult# cei mai multi#cele maimulte)man (multi# multe)

G3

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little (putin) less(mai putin) *he least (cel mai putin)

old (vechi#batran)

older(mai vechi# mai batran)  *he oldest (cel

mai vechi# cel mai batran)older (folosit numaiatributiv) (mai in virsta # mai batran# referitor la persoane dinaceeasi familie)

*he eldest (folositnumai atributiv) (cel mai invarsta# referitor la persoane dinaceeasi familie)

far(departat)  farther (mai departat#celalalt) *he farthest (cel mai departat)

further (mai departat) the furthest(cel mai departat)

late (tar!iu) later(mai tar!iu) the latest(cel mai tar!iu)

near (apropiat) nearer (mai apropiat) the nearest(cel mai apropiat)

1.%ati gradele de comparatie ale urmatoarelor ad=ective.'lcatuiti propozitii.

old# fat# good# near# bad# much# late# ill# little# man$2.$olositi cuvintele date in paranteza la gradul de comparatie corespunzatorAdati mai multe variante unde este posibil.

$<an hopes to get(thin)$0$1obert is five ears(old) than % am$3$+e is (old) of us$G$1ichard is (good) at sports than <aris$H$< wife is four ears(oung)than % am$I$< son is (good) sportsman in the famil$J$4lisabeth is (oung)of us$K$<house is(far) from the center of the cit than ours$L$*oda % have (much) spare time than esterda$M$< (old) brother is

an engineer$ 

 LESS%N '

 $%STAL SERVICES 

 6owadas# we can hardl imagine life without postal services# telephone and telegraph$  Be go to the ,ost 7ffice quite often# to send letters# telegrams# parcels# books# to deposit or withdraw mone# tocash mone orders# to get or renew our licence for the radio or *$.$ set# to subscribe to various newspapers# to bu postagestamp# postcards or picture postcards$  %n the main hall of ever  ,ost 7ffice# there are a lot of counters# offering people a wide

range of such services$  fter % have written m letter# % put it into an envelope$ *hen# % write the addresseeOs andthe senderOs names and addresses on the envelope and stick a stamp in its right ' hand top corner$ % post letters# postcards

or picture postcards at the ,ost 7ffice or# if the are alread stamped# % drop them into a pillar box$  % send a letter of a particular value b 1egistered ,ost# and in this case the clerk hands me a receipt$  Bhen % want m letter to reach the addressee sooner# % send it b airmail$  *o send a telegram# % either go to the ,ost 7ffice# or dictate it over the telephone$ *heamount of mone % have to pa depends on the number of words the message contains#

on the distance m telegram is sent to# on the tpe of telegram$% send mone b a mone order$

  Bhenever % want to send a parcel# % go to the ,arcel counter$ % fill in a form mentioningthe senderOs and the addresseeOs names and addresses# the weight and the value of the parcel$

% deposit or withdraw mone at the -avings 8ank counter$

  *here is another counter where % pa m rent# m bills for gas# electricit# telephone andother services$

  &%>7@=45ustomer: % want to send a telegram$ Bhere can % get a message formD5lerk : Eou find telegram forms over there fill one up in ink writing the addresseeOs name and address in block capitals#the message# our signature and then hand it in at the next counter$5ustomer: Bill the telegram reach the addressee tonightD5lerk : Bill ou send it ordinar# urgent or expressD5ustomer: %Oll send it urgent$5lerk : *hen# our telegram will reach the addressee in four hours$

GG

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 5ustomer: *hatOs all right$5ustomer (handing the telegram form over to the clark) : +ere is m telegram$5lerk: %Om afraid ouOll have to rewrite it$ % cannot decipher our hand writing$5ustomer : %Om sorr# %’ll tr to write more legibl$5lerk : Bhile ou are rewriting the telegram#%’ll be attending to another customer$5ustomer (handing the telegram form over) : %s it better nowD5lerk: Ees# itOs much better$ +ere is our receipt$ I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$ &o ou often go to the ,ost 7fficeD0$ Bhat are the services offered b the ,ost 7fficeD 3$ +ow do we post letters# postcards and picture postcardsD G$ Bhen do we send letters b 1egistered ,ostD H$ Bhen do we send letters to the ,ost1estanteD I$ Bhen do we send letters b airmailD J$ +ow can we send telegramsD K$ +ow do we send moneD L$ Bhatmust we do if we want to send parcelsD M$Bhat must we mention on the form we fill inD $ Bhere do we deposit orwithdraw moneD II.-crieti o scrisoare prietenului vostru si trimitetio"explicand fiecare lucru pe care lati facut in acest scop.

 III.Traduceti in limba engleza:$%n timp ce eu voi incasa banii de pe mandatul postal# <aria va completa un formular de telegrama$0$%n timp cefunctionarul va scrie chitanta pentru scrisoarea recomandata#eu imi voi plati chiria$3$%n timp ce 6inu va scrie adresele pe plicuri#eu voi lipi timbrele$G$5e vei face maine pe vremea aceastaDH$6ick nu va veni cu noi la cinematograf deoarecemaine intre 3 si H va urmari meciul de fotbal$I$6u'l mai asteptatiel nu poate veni cu noi# deoarece toata dupa amia!a va juca sah$J$&aca vom lua acest tren# vom calatori toata noaptea$K$5and vom ajunge acasa# <aria si *udor vor lucra ingradina$L$.om face plaja toata dimineata# daca vremea va fi frumoasa$M$&aca voi gasi cartea la biblioteca# maine voi

studia toata !iua$

@1<<1 VIIT%RUL C%NTINUU 

(The F0t0re C"ntin0"0s Tense

Definitie:

.iitorul continuu exprima actiuni va!ute in curs de desfasurare intr'un anumit moment din viitor$"o* *e formare(e 3a4 of formation):viitorul auxiliarului 9to be9,articipiul ,re!ent(.'ing)Afirmativ:S+all,3ill+be+V-ing

Negativ:S+all,3ill+not+be+V-ing

  ant,3ont

Interogativ:Sall,7ill+S+be+V-ing

firmativ 6egativ %nterogativ( 6egativ)

% shall be writing % shall not be writing -hall % (not) be writingD

Eou will be writing Eou will not be writing Bill ou (not) be writingD+e will be writing +e will not be writing Bill he (not) be writingD-he will be writing -he will not be writing Bill she (not) be writingD%t will be writing %t will not be writing Bill it (not) be writingDBe shall be writing Be shall not be writing -hall we (not) be writingDEou will be writing Eou will not be writing Bill ou (not) be writingD

*he will be writing *he will not be writing Bill the (not) be writingDAormecontrase

%Oll be writing#ou’ll be % shanOt be writing# -hanOt % be writingD

writing# heOll be writing# Eou wonOt be writing# Bon’t ou be writingBonOt he be writingD#etc$

etc$ +e wonOt be writing# etc$

"o* *e intrebuintare(e ue):

%$actiune in desfasurare intr'un moment viitor marcat de locutiuni adverbiale:at (about)ten o’clock# this timetomorow#/next <onda/next week/next month/next ear# all the week through# from one to three$e$g$:+e will be travellingto 5luj this time next <onda$

GH

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%%$actiune in curs de desfasurare in viitor intrerupta de o alta actiune momentana(,re!ent) in temporale introduse dewhen:e$g$:Bhen we get there the will be waiting for us$%%%$doua actiuni simultane in curs de desfasurare in viitor:e$g$:Bhile the teacher is explaining the lesson we will be takingnotes$%.$actiune neutra# obisnuita in desfasurarea normala a evenimentelor viitoare$e$g$:+e will be passing the librar on hiswa home$.$actiune viitoare stabilita antrerior:Bhat will ou be doing tomorrow evening(in locul pre!entului continuu)'Bhat areou doingND.%$presupunere referitoare la o actiune pre!enta e$g$:*he will be wondering what has happened to ou$(-'or fi intrebandce ti s'a intamplat)$.%%$cu verbe care implica atingerea unui scop# o actiune neincheiata:-he will be having her piano lesson when ou come$

1.#ompletati urmatoarele propozitii!

$Be fill in a form whenN0$Be got to the -aving 8ank counter whenN3$Be send a letter b 1egistered ,ost whenNG$-enders are given receipts whenNH$Be send a letter b airmail whenNI$8efore dropping a letter into the pillar box wemustNJ$%n the right'hand top corner of the envelope we mustNK$ -ince % cannot decipher our handwriting ou mustN2.%ati interogativul" negativul si interogativnegativul urmatoarelor propozitii!

$*his time tomorrow % shall be going to the ,ost office$0$Be will be studing in the librar from one to three$3$*his timenext ear we shall be having our holida$G$% shall be driving to 5onstanta this time next *uesda$H$+e will be drawing upa report all da tomorrow$I$*he will be travelling about the countr all the week through$J$% shall be visiting the museumat 3 o’clock tomorrow$3.%ati interogativul" negativul si interogativ negativul urmatoarelor propozitii :$ *his time tomorrow % shall be going to the ,ost 7ffice$ 0$ +e will be studing in the librar from one to three$ 3$ *histime next ear we shall be having our holidas$ G$ % shall be driving to 5onstanta this time next *uesda$ H$ +e will bedrawing up a report all da tomorrow$ I$ *he will be travelling about the countr all the week through$ J$% shall bevisiting the museum at 3 oOclock tomorrow$4.-c+imbati urmatoarele propozitii astfel incat sa exprime o actiune viitoare :$ < friend was watching the *$.$ programme# when % came in$ 0$ -he was reading a book# when % knocked at the door$3$ %t was raining# when we left for the cinema$ G$ *he were working on the field# when we reached the village$ H$ Fohnwas listening to music when % came back home$ I$ <ar was going to the ,ost 7ffice# when % met her$

 LESS%N '

 Are C"4p0ters %0r Frien&s "r Ene4ies+

   6o one would den that the computer has increased peopleOs working capacit# as well as their intellectual abilitiesBith its help people can do more and better things in a shorter period of time$ +owever# there is an alarming bod ofopinion that sas that prolonged exposure to the computer screen can cause phsical and mental disorder$ 7n the onehand# some people consider the computer as a friend but on the other hand it is considered a deadl enem$

,eople who believe that  the computer has a positive impact on their lives mention first of all the io and pleasure the have in working with it$ *he sa the can work for hours on end without getting tired or bored$ %naddition to this# the feel calmer and more relaxed when tping on the computer than when writing on a tpewriter or using a pen$ *he are no longer stressed b the thought of correcting mistakes because the are easil correctable$ Bhatis more# the sa the feel confident and empowered b the computer as it helps them to keep things under control$ Aorexample# just b pressing the right ke the can get an immediate response and so influence their own work and that ofother people$ *he computer gives full satisfaction and makes them feel proud and pleased with themselves when the see

that the result of their work is neat and accurate$ Aor all these reasons# the sa the feel enriched and see the computeras a reliable and helpful friend$ 7n the other hand# there is an increasing number of people who think that thecomputer has a harmful effect on their health and general well'being$ s well as this# the consider that certain phsicalailments# such as constipation and backache# are caused b long hours spent in sedentar inactivit and a crouching position over the keboard$ %n addition to this# the also talk about a general sense of fatigue and depression whichcomes from general inactivit$ nother thing man people complain about is an itching face$ %t seems that this is due tothe electrostatic field created b the video screen which attracts dust from the atmosphere and irritates exposed skin$ *osum up# the think their health is in danger and view the

computer as a potential enem rather than as a trust friend$

GI

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,ersonall# % think the computer is a useful and necessar tool in the world we live in$ Bhile it ma be true that#used unwisel# it is a potential threat to our health and well'being# it is also true that it usuall brings more benefits than problems to our lives$ 7ne of its major disadvantages is its abilit to dominate us# but one of its great advantages is that itcan be used to serve our interests$ ll in all# % think the computer should be viewed as a friend rather than an enem$ sthe saing goes# P computer is a good servant but a bad masterP it is up to us to use it wisel$

 I.$ormulati 1D intrebari refritoare la text.

 II. 0ead t+e essa again. %oes t+e *riter!

$ give arguments for an opinionD0$give arguments against an opinionD or 3$give arguments for and against an opinionD 

G$Bhich side of the argument does the writer believe inDH$ Bhich side do ou believe inD>ook at the advertisement and sa which of the things advertised ou can use now and which ouOll be able to use in thefuture$

@1<<1 VIIT%RUL $ERFECT SIM$LU 

(F0!0re $er!e#t Si4ple

Definitie:

.iitorul perfect simplu exprima o actiune sau stare care va avea loc inaintea unui alt moment din viitor sau inaintea uneiactiuni viitoareFormare:-shall/willviitorul simplu al verbului V9to have9,articipiul trecut(.3)

Afirmativ:S+all,3ill+ave+V5

Negativ:S+all,3ill +not+ave+V5

  Sant,3ont

Interogativ:Sall,7ill+S+ave+V5!

"o* *e intrebuintare(ue):

%$ctiune viitoare incheiata inaintea unui moment din viitor indicat de adverbe si loc$ adv$ :btomorrow#/<onda/nextN/b ten o’clock/this time next week# in a week’s time/in a month’s time/in a ear’s time

e$g$:8 seven o’clock % shall have finished work$%%$actiune viitoare inceputa inaintea unui anumit moment din viitor si care continua inca in acel moment$e$g$8 the end of ear the wiil have plaed football for three months$(,ana la sfarstul anului se vor implini trei luni decand joaca fotbal)$%%%$actiune viitoare care va avea loc inaintea altei actiuni viitoarewhen/b the time'e$g$Bhen/b the time we reach thestation the train will have left$%.$probabilitatea unei actiuni sau stari terminate in trecut sau viitore$g$:% shall have read this stor somewhere $(,robabilca am citit povestea asta pe undeva)$ 

VIIT%RUL $ERFECT C%NTINUU 

(F0t0re $er!e#t C"ntin0"0s

Definitie:.iitorul perfect continuu arata o actiune in curs de desfasurare inaintea unui anumit moment din viitor si putand continuasi dupa aceea$Forma:viitorul perfectr al auxiliarului Q9to be9(shall/willhavebeen),articipiul ,re!ent(.'ing)Afirmativ:S+all,3ill+ave+been+V-ing

Negativ:S+all,3ill+ave+not+been+V-ing

  Sant,3ont

Interogativ:Sall,7ill+S+ave+been+V-ing!

 -e traduce cu pre!umtivul

"o* *e intrebuintare(ue):pare insotit de prepo!itiile: in6e si for:

GJ

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Bhen she arrives here the film will have been runing since seven/for half an hour$

 LESS%N 1

T)E INTERNET AND T)E INF%RMATI%N REV%LUTI%N 

  *he internet is a source of information that is accessible through a computer$ %t consists of millions of pages ofdata about ever possible subject$ *went'five million people surf the internet ever da$ *he internet is alread the biggest source of information on the planet$ %t will soon be the main source of material for students and teachers of man

different subjects$*o acces the internet# ou need a service provider# a compan which can bring the internet to our computer screen$*hen ou can acces the information via our telephone line$ 8ut how do ou find specific information that ouneedD

%f ou have the website address of a compan or service that ou want# ou simpl tpe it and ou arriveautomaticall the page ou want$  %f ou haven’t got a particular website address# there are several directories or search engines which can helpou#such as lta .ista# Eahoo or %nfoseek$ *here are then two was to find information ' directories and ke'wordsearches$&irectories arrange contents b subject# like the Eellow ,ages of a telephone director$ <ost search engines havetheir own subject headings$ 1ead them and decide where ou want to go for more information$

7r ou can do a ke'word search$ Aor example# if ou want to find out about studing 4nglish in 4ngland# tpe inthe ke words' P-tudingY4nglishYinY4nglandP (donOt forget the quotation marks and underscores)$ *he screen will then

-how ou the pages where ou can find the information ou need$FINDING %UT M%RE AB%UT SURFING T)E INTERNET 

%f ou have internet access at our school# check the help page of our internet server$ Eou will find some Otipsaccessing information$  ,eople who use the internet regularl can usuall help ou$ 8efore our next 4nglish lesson# talk to someone whoknows something about the internet# a friend# relative or a friend of our famil$ 5ome to the next class with an internettipC

*ell the rest of the class about an websites ou have visited$

 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

Bhat exactl is the internetD Bhat kind of information can ou findD

 +ow do ou access itD

  @1<<1  ALTE MI3L%ACE DE E@$RIMARE A VIIT%RULUI 

(%ther as "! e=pressing !0t0rit

I.VII#%'0 AP%#PIA(oing-to-Future)

Definitie:.iitorul apropiat exprima actiuni sau stari care vor avea loc intr'un moment sau interval de timp viitor nu prea indepartatde pre!ent$-e traduce cu :am de gand sa# intentione! sa# sunt pe cale de a# urmea!a sa sau voiNForma: be going to la pre!entinfinitivul scurt'e:

%$actiune viitoare foarte apropiata de momentul vorbirii: -he’s going to turn the radio on$(re de gand saN)$%%$actiune intentionata de autor in pre!ent:e$g$+e is going to give a part next -unda$%%%$actiune viitoare datorata unor circumstante pre!ente:e$g$Eou aren’t worm enough$Eou are going to catch a cold$%.$actiune viitoare neutra'in limbaj colocvial(in locul viitorului simplu)e$g$%’m going to phone ou$

II.# &$ #infinitivul 6urt al verbului' exprima un aranjament sau un ordin:e$g$-he is going to give a lecturetomorrow$(=rmea!a sa tina o prelegere maine)$sau Eou are to be back in time$(*rebuie sa te intorci la timp)$

III.# &$ #N $ P#IN #F+V-ing

GK

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  # &$ A&#' #+infinitivul 6urt al verbului

4xprima actiuni care vor avea loc in viitorul imediat$e$g$-he is about to burst into tears/-he is on the point of bursting into tears$

@oing'to'Auture# *o be toto. si to be on the point ofgerund pot fi intrebuintate si la trecut in vorbirea indirecta cand

verbul din principala este la trecut:e$g$:% knew he was going to meet her that da$ (-tiam ca el urma s'o intalneasca in acea

!i) $

1.#ompletati urmatoarele propozitii!

$ Bhen we were about to leave# $$$ $ 0$ Bhen he was about to pitch the tent# NN$ 3$ Bhen we were about to make afire# $$$ $ G$ Bhen the were about to sit down and have lunch# $$$$ H$ Bhen the children were about to change into their bathing suits# $$$ I$ Bhen he was about to have a swim in the cool water of the river# $$$ $ J$ Bhen we were about to driveoff# N $

 LESS%N 1'

TELE$)%NING 

*he possibilit offered b a home telephone of settling different questions withoutleaving our home# makes it a great convenience$

 -till# sometimes# we have to use public telephones$ Bhen % ring somebod up from a telephone booth# % pick up thereceiver and drop a coin into the slot$ Bhen % hear the signal# % dial the number$ %f the line is engaged# % hang up the

receiver and the coin is returned$ %f the line is free# % can speak$ *he time ' limit for a telephone booth is three minutes$  Aor long ' distance calls# % usuall go to the *elephone 7ffice$ % pick up the receiver# and when the white light is on#% drop a coin into the slot$ % hear the signal and % dial the prefix of the town " followed b the number$ %f % exceed the time limit# the red light is on# and if % donOt drop another coin# % am disconnected$

%f % am at home# % give the operator the number % need# calling out each figure of the telephone number separatel$  %the first or the last two figures are the same# % use the word doubleP$

-ometimes# if % donOt want to pa for a long ' distance call# % ask the operator to make the call collect$  Bhen % donOt know somebodOs telephone number# % either look it up in the telephone director or ring up %nquiries$

%f m phone is out of order# % ring up the telephone repair service#to have it fixed$&%>7@=4

<r$ -mith (to his secretar) : Bill ou please get me through to 8ristolD % promised % shouldring up <r$ 8rown at two oOclock$

-ecretar: 7h# <r$ 8rown# % remember$ Eou told me he was a ver reliable partner with whom <rs$8lack Z 5o$ had beendoing business for man ears$<r$ -mith: *hatOs right$ =nfortunatel# fast time % rang him up# while we were speaking# we were cut off several times$+ere is his telephone number: 8ristol 03 'G0# extension G$-ecretar: +ello# is that *runksD.oice : %Om afraid# ouOve got the wrong number$-ecretar: 7h# %Om sorr$(*he secretar dials the number of the 4xchange again)$7perator: *runks# station I$-ecretar: *his is >ondon 5entral G0 ' 0$7perator: Bhat number# pleaseD-ecretar: % want to speak to 8ristol 03 ' G0$ +ow long will it take to put me throughD

7perator: %s it an ordinar call or an urgent oneD *he lines are quite bus just now$-ecretar: =rgent# please$7perator: ll right# %Oll give ou a ring in a moment$(-ome minutes later# the telephone rings)

  7perator: %s that >ondon 5entral G0 '0D-ecretar:Ees#it is$7perator: Eour urgent call to 8ristol$ +old the line# please$ Eou are through$ -ecretar: Bill ou give me extension G# pleaseD7perator: Fust a moment$.oice : <r$ 8rownOs office$<r$ -mith: *his is <r$ -mith speaking$ 5an % speak to <r$ 8rown# pleaseD

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.oice: Fust a moment# please$ Eou are through$ (to <r$ 8rown)$ Eou are wanted on the phone# -ir$<r$8rown: +ello$<r$ -mith: -mith speaking$ @ood afternoon# <r$8rown$<r$ 8rown: @ood afternoon# <r$ -mith$<r$ -mith: >ast week# % rang ou up several times# but % couldnOt get at ou$ Airst# % had a wrong connection# then the4xchange said there was something wrong on the line$ (*he are talking about business matters# when suddenl theoperator breaks in)$7perator: *he three minutes are up$<r$ -mith: Bell# % hope to see ou again soon# <r$ 8rown$ @ood 'be$<r$ 8rown: @ood be# <r$ -mith$

 I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

  $Bh is a home telephone a great convenienceD 0$ Bhen do we use public telephonesD 3$ Bhat do we do when wering somebod up from a telephone boothD G$ Bhat do we do if the line is engagedD H$ %s there a time ' limit for atelephone talk from a telephone boothD I$ Bhat happens when the time ' limit is overD J$ <ust we go to the *elephone7ffice for long ' distance callsD K$ +ow do we call out the figures of the telephone numberD L$ Bhen do we ask theoperator to make the call collectD M$ Bhat do we do when we donOt know somebodOs telephone numberD $ Bhat do wedo when our phone is out of orderD II.Imaginativa o convorbire telefonica$ III.Traduceti in limba engleza:  $<i'a spus ca nu'i stie numarul de telefon si ca va trebui sa il cute in cartea de telefon$0$5entralista m'a intrebat cu

ce interior sa'mi faca legatura$3$<i'a promis ca'mi va telefona cat de curand$G$Aunctionara de la telefoane mi'a spus caam depasit cele 3 minute pentru care am platit$H$6e'a spus ca domnul -mith este un partener pe care te poti ba!a$I$6u amva!ut cand s'a aprins becul rosu$J$6u stiam ca faceti comert cu aceasta firma de atatia ani$K$&e ce nu ne'ati spus ca ati dattelefon cu taxa inversaDL$<aria nu mi'a spus ca ai un alt numar de telefon$M$6u stiam ca se va intrerupeconvorbirea#daca nu voi introduce o alta moneda$

 @1<<1 

VIIT%RUL IN TRECUT 

(F0t0re in the $ast

Definitie:

.iitorul in trecut arata o actiune va!uta ca posterioara unui anumit moment din trecut$

Forma:S+auxiliarul should(trecutul auxiliarului shall)si would(Bill)infinitivul scut

Afirmativ:S+oul*,3oul*+infinitivul 6urt al verbului

Negativ:S+oul*,3oul*+not +infinitivul 6urt al verbului

  oul*nt,3oul*nt

Interogativ:Soul*,3oul*+S+infinitivul 6urt al verbului

firmativ 6egativ %nterogativ ('6egativ)% should write % should not write -hould % (not) writeDEou would write Eou would not write Bould ou (not) writeD

+e would write +e would not write Bould he (not) writeD-he would write -he would not write Bould she (not) writeD%t would write %t would not write Bould it (not) writeDBe should write Be should not write -hould we (not) writeDEou would write Eou would not write Bould ou (not) writeD*he would write*he would not write Bould the (not) writeD

5oincide cu forma de conditional pre!ent$-e intrebuintea!a in subordonate cand verbul din principala este la un timptrecut:e$g$:-he would come here$%n propo!irtiile independente are valoare conditionala$(r trece pe aici)$

  Inlocuiti infinitivul din paranteze cu timpul corespunzator !

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$ % promised (to ring up) <r$ 8rown at two o’clock$0$ Eou told me he (to be) a ver reliable partner with whom <rs$8lack Z '5o$ (to do) business for man ears$ 3$ *he 4xchange said there (to be) something wrong on the line$ G$ Fohntold me his telephone (to be) out of order for some das$ H$ % didnOt know when % (to have) m telephone fixed$ I$ +easked me if % (to have) a home telephone$ J$ % asked him what his telephone number (to be)$ K$Bh didnOt ou tell me ou(not to ring up) him$ L$ % asked him if he (to be back) late $% promised % (to ring up) her again later$

C%RES$%NDENTA TIM$URIL%R

(The SeH0en#e "! Tenses

 0eguli&rules)!$=n timp pre!ent din principala poate fi insotit de orice timp:%’m sure he had left earlier/he left/he has left/he will leave$0$=n timp trecut(,ast *ense sau ,ast ,erfect)din principala este insotit de un alt timp in secundara:a),entru simultaneitate:,ast *ense,ast *ense:% was sure he was there$ b),entru anterioritate:,ast *ense,ast ,erfect:% was sure he had been there$c),entru ideea de viitor in trecut:,ast *enseAuture in the ,ast:% was sure he would come$3$viitorul din principala sau regenta este insotit de: a),re!ent pentru simultaneitate:% will go there when % have time$ b),resent ,erfect pentru anterioritate:% will go there when % have finished m work$G$5onditionalul ,re!ent cere ,ast *ense pentru simultaneitate:% should go there if ou came with me$H$5onditionalul *recut cere ,ast ,erfect:Be should have left at seven if it had not rained$I$%n propo!itiile finale se foloseste ma cand in principala este pre!ent sau viitor sau imperativ:

% will start earlier(so)that he ma still meet me there$J$%n propo!itiile finale se foloseste mig+t  sau s+ould  daca verbul din principala este la ,ast *ense negativ:-he hit the jamlest <ar should find and eat it$

1.Inlocuiti infinitivul din paranteza cu timpul corespunzator ! $ % promised % (to ring up) <r$ 8rown at two o’clock$ 0$ Eou told me he (to be) a verreliable partner with whom <rs$ 8lack Z 5o$ (to do) business for man ears$ 3$ *he 4xchange said there (to be)something wrong on the line$ G$ Fohn told me his tefephone (to be) out of order for some das$ H$ % didnOt know when % (tohave) m telephone fixed$ I$ +e asked me if % (to have) a home telephone$ J$ % asked him what his telephone number (to be)$ K$ Bh didnOt ou tell me ou (not to ring up) him$ L$ % asked him if he (to be back) late$ M$% promised % (to ring up)her again later$

 LESS%N 'CAN *%U S$EA7 ENGLIS) +

5an ou speak 4nglish# <r$ D Ees# % can# but onl a little$5an’t ou read lesson number two D Ees# % can$7pen our book to page I and read# please C 6ow# turn to page J and go on C 5lose our book and come to the blackboard$*ake the chalk and write# please C5an ou write all the words D 6o# % can’t$7pen our books and translate the text# please C5an ou count from one to ten D 6o# % cannot$<a %D 7f course ou ma# <r$ 8$ 5ount# please C7ne# two# three# four# five# six# seven# eight# nine# ten$

*hank ou C <r$ $# repeat# pleaseC 6ow# go back to our seat$ -it down C @o from the door to the window# <r$ 5 C<a % open the window D Ees# ou ma$<a % take our book D6o# please don’t$ % still need it$<a % use our computer D Ees# ou ma$*hank ou ver much$<a % smoke in this room D 6o# ou must not$ *his is a classroom$<a % take our pen D 6o# ou ma not$<ust we write all the exercises D Ees# ou must$<ust we learn lesson nr$ L# tooD 6o# ou needn’t$

H

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&on’t be late C&on’t speak 1omanian during the 4nglish classes C

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari :5an ou speak 4nglishD 0$ 5an ou write the new wordsD 3$ 5an all the students translate the textD G$ 5an ou countfrom one to ten D H$<a % take our exercise book D I$ <a he use our computerD J$ <ust we repeat all the textsD K$<ust we translate lesson number JD L$ <ust % close the windowD M$ <ust we speak 4nglish during our 4nglish classesD II.$ormulati dialoguri in care sa folositi verbele modale.

 III $ Traduceti in limba engleza :$ ,utem citi# serie si traduce toate cuvintele din acest text$ 0$ cum inchideti cartea si venitila tabla# va rog C 3$ ,ot sa iau dictionarul tauD 6u# am inca nevoie de el$ G$ *rebuie sa repetam toate lectiile D 6u# nu estenevoie# repetati numai lectia numarul opt$ H$ ,ot sa deschid fereastra D &esigur# puteti$ I$ 6u stiu (pot) sa citesc acestcuvant$ J$ >uati creta si scrieti cuvintele noi pe tabla# va rog CK$ ,ot sa ma duc la loc DL$ ,ot sa stau jos D M$ -titi (puteti)sa numarati de la unu la !ece D $ 6u inchideti cartea# cititi lectia# va rogC 0$ cum cititi toate cuvinteleC 3$ 6uintar!iati# va rogC G$ vem voie sa fumam in aceasta cameraD 6u# nu este voie$H$ 6u repetati toate textele din carteC

@1<<1 VERBE M%DALE 

(M"&al Verbs

 Shall2Sh"0l& 

  -+all ' trebuie ' se foloseste destul de rar cu acest sens in engle!a contempoana# spre deosebire de perioadele maiindepartate ale istoriei acestei limbi$ 

%t is a mind 4 un cuget that s+all remain a care trebuie sa poison where it is$ ramana in chip de otrava acolo unde este$4xprima ideea de PnecesitateP sau PobligatieP diminuata si se traduce# de obicei# prin PsaP#  s+all se intalneste in propo!itiile interogative si interogativ'negative:e.g.-+all % give ou the reportD-a va dau dvs$ referatulD  %n schimb  s+ould ar trebui" sar cuveni" ar fi bine" ar fi cazul # se intrebuintea!a destul de frecvent (dar nu ca preterit# ci ca pre!ent conditional al lui  s+all). 4l exprima obligatia# mai cu seama obligatia morala sau sociala

recomandarea# sfatul# necesitatea interna:Eou s+ould remember this$Eou s+ould have remembered this$Be s+ould go and see the pla$r trebui sa nu uiti asta$r fi trebuit sa nu uiti asta$r fi trebuit sa mergem sa vedem piesa$

ill2 "0l& 

  Cill are mai multe intelesuri modale# din care cel mai important este acela de vointa# dorinta# intentia de a face ceva#hotarare# astfel: ou *ill vrei# doresti# poftesti# intentione!i# mai ales in propo!itii interogative si interogativ'negative:Cill ou show me the .rei/4sti bun sa'mi

waD arati drumulDBhat *ill ou eatD 5e vrei sa mananciDCon:t ou be a teacherD 6u vrei sa te faci profesorD&e asemenea:>et them do what the *ill. -a faca ce vor/doresc$(%) Could voiam etc$# poate fi preteritul lui *ill" folosit mai ales in propo!itii negative:e$g$+e *ouldn:t come 6u voia/6'a vrut sa vina# sau conditionalul pre!ent al aceluiasi verb# traducandu'se prin Pas vreaP #fie prin PvreauP etc$:Couldn:t ou give us a lift D 6'ati vrea sa ne dati o mana de ajutorDCould ou hold on a momentD .rei sa astepti o clipa (la aparat)D

H0

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 M0st 

  ust trebuie" este necesar" este cazul # este o forma de pre!ent$ Aoarte rar# mai ales in texte mai vechi# se intalneste sica preterit in propo!itii principale mult mai frecvent# ca preterit in propo!itii secundare:Eou must give in$ *rebuie sa cede!i$+e said that % must wait$ -punea ca trebuie sa astept$&must e preterit aici pentru ca dupa un preterit in principala ' said ' se foloseste preteritul si nu pre!entul)$   ust exprima indeosebi necesitatea sau obligatia pe care o are cineva de a face ceva ca urmare a unor imprejuraridin afara:%f ou want to find @$ &aca vrei sa'l gasestiat home# ou must    pe @$ acasa# trebuie saarrive before ten$ vii inainte de !eee$+e must observe the *rebuie sa respecterules$ regulile (nu se poate  altfel# este o obligatie)$Aorma negativa must not si mustn:t nu este voie" nu e permis" exprima interdictia# adeseori ca raspuns la ma9 este voieDa % open the ,ot sa deschidwindowDP fereastraDP6o# ou mustn:t" itOs 6u# n'o deschide/nulightening$P trebuie s'o deschi!i#  nu'ti dau voie s'o deschi!i# fulgera$

1aspunsul negativ la o propo!itie interogativa in care este folosit verbul must este needn:t nu trebuie# nu e voie# nueste ca!ul:ust % re'write the *rebuie sa transcriuwhole textOCP tot textulD' P6o# ou needn:t.  6u# nu trebuie/nu e nevoie/nu e ca!ul$5a verb exprimand necesitatea# must se inlocuieste la toate timpurile la care nu se poate conjuga prin to +ave to a trebusa# ori# cu un sens mai accentuat prin to be obliged &to) a fi obligat/silit (sa)# to be forced &to) a fi fortat/silit (sa)# to be

compelled &to) a fi constrans/silit (sa) etc$:+e *ill +ave to pa .a trebui sa plateascafor it$ pentru asta$% didn:t +ave to bu 6'a trebuit sa cumpar 

an tickets$ nici un fel de bilete$ ust poate exprima si ideea de probabilitate sau Pnecesitate logicaP# traducandu'se prin Pprobabil caP# Ptrebuie saP:+e must be ver sorr about what happened$,robabil ca'i pare foarte rau de cele petrecute$ *rebuie sa'i para foarte rau de cele petrecute$tunci cand este urmat de un infinitiv perfect# must nu exprima necesitatea sau obligatia# ci numai probabilitatea (intrecut):+e almost cried when he left out %esind# aproape ca plangea trebuie sa se Ee must +ave felt ver much fi simtit foarte ofensat$offended$

T" )a-e (t"2 )a& (t"

  To Eave &to) a trebui (sa)# a avea (sa/de) se foloseste in special pentru a inlocui verbul must la formele la care

acesta nu poatce fi conjugal F+ad &to) este preteritul lui to +ave &to)G" dar si la pre!ent# in locul lui must" de care se deose' beste prin aceea ca obligatia sau necesitatea externa pe care o exprima nu repre!inta neaparat si punctul de vedere alvorbitorului:%Oll +ave to speak to .a trebui sa vorbescher$ cu ea$ (inlocuieste pe

must)

 %id ou +ave to do all trebuit sa faci toata the work b ourselfD treaba singurD (inlocuieste pe must)

% +ave to go now$  *rebuie sa plec acum (nu am incotro# asta e situatiain ceea ce ma priveste as mai ramane)$

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*ables ma be round# oval# square or rectangular$n exercise ma be eas or difficult$Be are alwas present# we are never absent$ Be are alwas earl# we are never late$*ha ma be merr or sad# happ or unhapp$)AT C%L%UR IS IT +

Bhat colour is the door D *he door is white# %t is not gre$ *he ceiling is also white and the floor is ellow$Bhat colour are the walls of this room D *he walls of this room are light green$%s that pencil red or dark blue D *hat pencil is red# it isn’t dark blue$*his table is brown# it is not green$*he grass is green# the sk is blue# the blackboard is black$)AT IS T)IS TABLE MADE %F +

Bhat is this table made of D*his table is made of wood$ %t isn’t made of steel$Bhat ma watches be made of D Batches ma be made of gold# silver# nickel# steel or aluminium$$Bhat is our watch made of D < watch is made of silver# it isn’t made of gold$Bhat is her handbag made of D +er handbag is made of leather# it is not made of plastic material$Bhat are books made of D 8ooks are made of paper$%s our dress made of silk# cotton or wool D < dress is made of wool$ %t isn’t made of silk$*hose houses are made of brick and stone$ *he are not made of concrete$,lates and cups are made of china$Bhat are the soles of our shoes made of D *he soles of m shoes are made of rubber$ I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari :

$ Bhat shape is our classroomD 0$ %s it a bright or a dark roomD3$ Bhat colour is the table in our classroomDG$Bhat isit made ofD H$ Bhat shape is itD I: re the windows of our classroom wide or narrowD J$ Bhat colour is the blackboardDK$ Bhat colour are the walls of our classroomD L$ %s this exercise eas or difficultD M$ re ou alwas earlD $ Bhatma watches be made ofD 0$ Bhat are books made ofD 3$ Bhat ma houses be made ofD G$ Bhat is our handbagmade ofD H$ Bhat are plates and cups made of D II.(orbiti despre forme si culori.

 III.Traduceti in limba engleza :$ 5e forma are camera ta# este dreptunghiulara sau patrataD 0$ >ectia aceasta este usoara # nu este grea# nu'i asaD 3$ ,otisa raspun!i intotdeauna la intrebarile profesoruluiD G$ 5artile noastre de engle!a sunt groase# nu sunt subtiri$ H$ 5asa taeste din piatra sau din caramidaD I$ &in ce sunt facute cartile si caietele noastreDJ$ 1ochia ei cea noua de matase estefoarte frumoasa si eleganta $K$ -unt cateva cesti de portelan pe masa$ L$ -untem intotdeauna pre!enti# nu lipsimniciodata $ M$ cui este poseta aceea maro inchisD

 @1<<1  $rep"<itia

(The $rep"siti"n

  &aca# in mod normal#o propo!itie interogativa incepe cu un pronume interogativ precedat de o prepo!itie# in limbavorbita# prepo!itia trece la sfarsitul propo!itiei si se accentuea!a$

7f what are things madeD'Bhat are things made ofD(&in ce sunt facute lucrurileD)*o whom must ou write a letterD'Bhom must ou write a letter toD(5ui trebuie sa'i scrii o scrisoareD)P%$P#8III0$ SPAIA0$

(-pace ,repositions)a6roo9from9 to9 up9*o3n9 over9 un*er9 3it9 troug9 into9 roun*9 before9 on bein*9 out9 in bet3een9 out of9

againt9 b4

1.#ompletati spatiile libere cu prepozitii corespunzatoare!

$*here is a picture Nthe wall$0N$the drawers there are some sheetsNpaper$3$5ome $$the classroom# pleaseCG$>ookNthe blackboardCH$@oNthe deskNthe blackboard$IN$door there are bookshelvesNbooks and dictionariesNthem$

 LESS%N 6

%UR CLASSR%%M 

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  6ow we are in the classroom$8ehind the teacher’s desk there is a blackboard and in front of it there are ten tablesand a lot of chairs$  7n the teacher’s desk there is an 4nglish book and a piece of chalk$ %n the drawers there are sheets of paper andsome ink$ =nder the teacher’s desk there is a paper basket$  7n the wall opposite the windows there is a map$  *here are three lamps over the tables$  %n the left'hand corner of the room there is a bookcase$ 8etween the door and the bookcase there are bookshelveswith books and dictionaries on them$ 7n the bookshelf near the door there are books and on the book'shelf on its right# alittle below it# ou can see some dictionaries$ bove these bookshelves# on the wall there is a picture$ 6ext to the doorthere is a peg$ *hrough the window we can see the street$*here are man people in the street$ 6ext door to our classroomis our librar$

'<r$ #stand up# please C 5ome to the blackboard C 6ow ou are at the blackboard$ *ake the chalk and write theword 9book9 on the blackboard# please C *hank ou C @o back to our seat C

'<r$8# go to the door# please C 7pen the door C @o out into the passage C5ome in# please C 5ome into the classroom C6ow ou are in the classroom$ -it down# please C >ook at the blackboard C1ead the word on the blackboard# please C *hank ou C

'<r$5# take that book and give it to meC *ake it from me and put it into our bag C *ake itout of our bag and put it in the middle of the table C *hank ou C'<r$ &# take this map from the table and put it up on the wall C 6ow# take it down from the wall and put it in front

of us C -how us the map# please C'<r$ 4#put on our overcoat C 6ow# take it off# please C *hank ou C

nd now# let’s do the exercises$

 I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari:$Bhere are we nowD 0$ Bhat is there behind the teacherOs deskD3$Bhat is there in front of the teacherOs deskD G$ Bhatis there on the teacherOs deskD H$ Bhat is there under the teacherOs deskD I$ Bhat is there in the drawersD J$ Bhat is thereon the wall opposite the windowsD K$ Bhat is there in the left 'hand corner of the classroomD L$ Bhat is there between thedoor and the bookcaseD M$ Bhat can ou see on the bookshelvesD $ Bhat can ou see above the bookshelvesD 0$ Bhatcan ou see next to the doorD 3$ Bhat can ou see through the windowD G$ Bhat is there next door to our classroomD II.$ormulati dialoguri folosinduva de prepozitiile spatiale.

 III. Traduceti in limba engleza :

  $ %a cartea de la el si da' mi 'o mie# te rog C 0$ cum pune cartea in geanta ta C3$ 6u

inchideti cartile# cititi mai departe# va rog C G$ %ntrati in clasa# va rog C H$ -coateti cartile si caietele din genti si puneti'le pe pupitre# va rog C I$ &ati 2 i lui cartea mea C J$ 8iblioteca este langa tabla sau langa usaD K$ %n sertarele biroului meusunt creioane# caiete# coli de hartie# creta si cerneala L$ &easupra meselor sunt trei lustre$ M$ 5e puteti vedea prin fereastradeschisaD $ %ntre usa si biblioteca sunt doua rafturi cu carti$ 0$ *abla se afla in spatele mesei$3$,upitrele studentilorsunt in fata mesei profesorului$ G$ +arta sa afla pe perete# langa ferestre$H$ &easupra bibliotecii se afla un tablou$

 LESS%N 8

T)E TIME 

  *here are one thousand ears in a millennium# one hundred ears in a centur# ten ears in a decade and 3IH or3II das in a ear$  ear has 0 months or H0 weeks$ *he names of the months of the ear are of >atin origin: Fanuar# Aebruar#<arch# pril# <a# Fune# Ful# ugust# -eptember# 7ctober# 6ovember and &ecember$ month has 3M or 3 das$Aebruar has 0K das in a ordinar ear and 0L das in a leap ear$  *here are four weeks in a month# fourteen das and nights in a fortnight and seven das in a week:six week(working)das and a holida$*he names of the das of the week are of4nglish(-axon)origin:-unda#<onda#*uesda#Bednesda#*hursda#Arida and -aturda$

*he da before toda is esterda and the da before esterda is called the da before esterda$*he da aftertoda is tomorrow and the da after tomorrow is called the da after tomorrow$  da has 0Ghours$*he moment of the da are:morning#noon(midda)#afternoon#evening#midnight and night$

*here are two twelve hour periods in a da$*he are:a$m$(>atin ante meridiem#or in the morning)#and p$m$(>atin post meridiem#or in the afternoon)$

HI

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Be can tell the time b a clock or a watch$n hour has IM minutes and a minute has IM seconds$*here are 3M minutes in half an hour and H minutes in a

quarter of an hour$&%>7@=4

nn:>ook at the clocks in the picturesC 5an ou tell me the time# pleaseD8ob:7f course#% can:%t is five(minutes)past three$%t is ten( minutes) past four$%t is twent'five(minutes)past six$%t istwent'five(minutes)to seven$%t is a quarter to nine$%t is ten o’clock sharp$nn:+ave ou got a watchD8ob:Ees#% have$nn:Bhat time is it b our watchD8ob:8 m watch it is twent'five to two#but m watch is wrong$nn:%s our watch fast or slowD8ob:< watch is five minutes fast$nn:-o# the right time is half past one$Bhat da is it todaD(Bhat’s the date toda)D8ob:*oda it is Hth of 6ovember#LN $%t’s 6ovember the Hth#LN $nn:Bhen is our birthdaD8ob:%t’s on the J th of <a$nn:Bhat’s toda(Bhat da is it)D8ob:%t’s Arida$*oda is Arida$nn:Bhen have ou got our 4nglish classesD8ob:Be’ve got our 4nglish classes on <onda#Bednesda and Arida at K o’clock in the morning$

 I.  0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari :$ +ow man ears are there in a centurD 0$ +ow man das are there in a earD 3$+ow man months are there in a

ear 9 G$+ow man weeks are there in a monthDH$ +ow man das are there in a monthD I$ +ow man das arethere in a weekD J$ Bhat are the months of the ear 9 K$ Bhat are the das of the weekD L$ Bhich is the first daof the weekD M$ Bhich is the fifth month of the ear 9 $ Bhich month is 6ovemberD 0$$Bhat time is itD 3$ %sour  watch right or wrongD G$ Bhat da is it todaD H$ Bhat date is itD I$ Bhen is our birthdaD

 II.(orbiti despre timp si diviziunile lui.

 III.Traduceti in limba engleza!

$ vem ore de engle!a marti# joi si sambata dimineata de la ora J la ora L$ 0$ -unt J !ileintr 2 o saptamana# G saptamani intr ' o luna# 0 luni intr ' un an# M ani intr ' un deceniu# MM de ani intr 'un secol si MMMde ani intr 'un mileniu$ 3$ -untem in secolul al UU% ' lea$ G$ 5e data este asta!iD H$ ,uteti sa'mi spuneti cat este ceasul# va

rogD I$ 5easul meu ramane in urma cu !ece minute$ J$ 6umele !ilelor saptamanii sunt de origine saxona# iar numelelunitor anului sunt de origine latina$ K$ 5are este a !ecea luna a anului# dar a treiaD L$ 5are esta a saptea !i a saptamanii#dar a patraDM$ %n anii bisecti februarie are 0L de !ile$ $ 7 ora are IM de minute si un minut are IM de secunde$ 0$ %ntr 'o jumatate de ora sunt 3M de minute# iar intr 'un stert de ora sunt numai H minute$

@1<<1  NUMERALUL

(The N04eral

 N04erale #ar&inale

a. $ormare

' numeralele intre 3 si L se formea!a cu ajutorul sufixului teen:six'sixteen

' numeralele 0M# 3M# GM $$$ LM se formea!a cu ajutorul sufixului 't nine'ninet' pre!inta particularitati ortografice urmatoarele numerale:' intre !eci si unitati se pune liniuta:twent'one' intre sute si !eci sau intre sute si unitati se foloseste conjunctia Pand P: four hundred and twent'five(G0H)' numeralele PhundredP# PthousandP si PmillionP nu se folosesc la plural dupa un numeral cardinal: four thousand fivehundred and thirt'one(G#H3)' punctul care se foloseste in limba romana pentru a separa cifrele este inlocuit de virgula$b. Intrebuintare

' pentru a exprima ora 3:0M ' %tOs twent (minutes) past three ' este ora trei si doua!eci de minute

HJ

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' pentru a exprima anii LKG'nineteen hundred and eight 'four sau# in limba vorbita# se prefera forma nineteeneight 2four$ N04erale "r&inale

a. $ormare

' se formea!a adaugand sufjxut't+ la numeralul cardinal corespun!ator(cu exceptia numeralelor # 0# 3) four'the four t+' pre!inta particularitati ortografice urmatoarele numerale:' la numeralele terminate in t"  se transforma in ie si adauga 2 t+ twent'the twentiet+

' numeralul ordinal este precedat de articolul hotarat8t+e’ the firstthe second'in ca!ul numeralelor compuse numai ultima cifra este un numeral ordinal03Hth'the two hundred and thirt'fifthb. intrebuintare

'pentru a exprima data : *oda it is the first of Fanuar LKG'sta!i este ianuarie LKG$Numerale 6ar*inale

one0 two3 threeG four H fiveI sixJ sevenK eight

L nineM ten eleven0 twelve3 thirteenG fourteenH fifteenI sixteenJ seventeenK eighteenL nineteen0M$twent

0$twent'one3M$thirtGM$fortHM$fiftIM$sixtJM$seventKM$ eightLM$ ninetMM a (one) hundredM a (one) hundred and one0H a (one) hundred and twent 2  five

0MM two hundred

3MM three hundred HMM five hundredJ33 seven hundred and thirt three#MMM a (one) thousand#MMH a (one) thousand and five3#0GI three thousand two hundred and fort 'sixM#MMM ten thousandIJ#3KG sixt ' seven thousand three hundred and eight'four HKG#0IJ five hundred and eight  four thousand two hundred and sixt seven 6umerale ordinale

HK

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the firstthe secondthe thirdthe fourththe fifththe sixththe sevenththe eighththe ninththe tenththe elevenththe twelfththe thirteenth

the fourteenththe fifteenththe sixteenth the seventeenththe eighteenththe nineteenth the twentieth thetwent'first

 the thirtieth#the fortieththe fiftieththe sixtieththe seventieththe eightieththe ninetieththe hundredththe hundred and firstthe hundred and twent 2fifththe two hundredththe three hundredth

the five hundredththe seven hundred and thirt ' thirdthe thousandththe thousand and fifththe three thousand two hundred and fort'sixththe ten thousandththe sixt 2 seven thousand three hundred and eight ' fourththe five hundred and eight ' four thousand two hundred and sixt'seventh$the millionth

 LESS%N :

 MEALS 

  <eals in 4ngland differ from meals in other countries$8reakfast# which is served at about K o’clock in the morning is a substantial meal# consisting of fruit juice#

 porridge or corn flakes with milk and sugar# ham and eggs or a slice of meat or ham# tea or coffee and bread and butterwith marmalade or jam$

*he usual time for lunch is one o’clock$s people have no time to get home for this meal# the take it at a cafenear the office or at a canteen$

Bhile in this countr the midda meal is the main meal of the da# consisting of several courses# in 4ngland#lunch is a frugal meal$Aor lunch# the generall have sandwiches# hamburgers or sausages# or meat# poultr or fish and asalad# followed b a cup of black coffee$

HL

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cineva (#D) cineva (#D) ceva(#D) =ndeva(#D)

n

anbodcineva(D)#nimeni (')#oricine ()

anonecineva(D)#nimeni (')#oricine ()

anthingceva (D)#nimic(')#orice ()

anwhere=ndeva(D)# 6icaieri (')#oriunde()

 6o   nobodnimeni (')

no onenimeni (')

nothing nowherenimic (') nicaieri (')

4ver everbod everone everthing everwhere

fiecare#  fiecare# toti#

toata lumea  totul pretutindeni

 0eguli

$Some si compusii sai se folosesc :- in propo!itii afirmative *here is some coffee in the cup (adj$neh)$'4ste niste cafea in ceasca$'in propo!itii interogative cand se asteapta un raspuns afirmativ (cand cerem sau oferim ceva si dorim ca raspunsul sa fieafirmativ)$5an ou lend me some booksD (adj$$ nehot)$ ' ,oti sa ' mi imprumuti niste cartiD<a % help ou to some coffeeD (adj$ nehot)$ ' ,ot sa va servesc cu niste cafeaD

5an ou tell me somet+ing  about itD (pron$ nehot$) ' %mi puteti spune ceva in legatura cu aceastaD0$ An4  si compusii sai se folosesc:' %n propo!itii interogative in locul lui some%s there an coffee in the cupD (adj$ nehot) ' 4ste ceva cafea in ceascaDre there an dictionaries on the tableD (adj$ nehat) ' -e afla niste dictionare pe masaDre an of those students our friendsD (pron$ nehot$) ' -unt vreunii dintre studentii aceia prietenii vostriD%s anbod at homeD (pron$ nehot$)'4ste cineva acasaD'%n propo!itii negative cand verbul este la forma negativa *here isnOt an coffee in the cup$ (adj$ nehot)$ ' 6u este deloc cafea in ceasca$*here arenOt an dictionaries on the table (adj$ nehot)$ ' 6u se afla nici un fel de dictionare pe masa$*here isnOt anbod in the room$ (pron$ nehot$) ' 6u se afla nimeni in camera$ *here isnOt ant+ing  on the table (pron$ nehot)$ 2 6u se afla nimic pe masa$

'%n propo!itii afirmative (cu sensul de oricine# oricare# orice# oriunde)$ 'n student can answer this question (adj$ nehot)$ ' 7ricare student poate raspunde la aceasta intrebare$ 'n of these dictionaries is good for ou (pron$ nehot)$ ' 7ricare dintre aceste dictionare este bun pentru tine$Eou ma have ant+ing  on the table$ (pron$ nehot$)$ ' ,oti lua orice de pe masa$

 LESS%N > 

%UR FAMIL* 

  < name is 1ichard# but % am generall called &ick$ < surname is -mith and % am fort ears old$ % am aneconomist$ < famil consists of four members: m wife# m daughter# m son and mself$

< wife# +elen -mith# is a teacher$ -he is 3I ears of age# four ears ounger than %$ -heis tall#thin#black ' haired and blue ' eed$ -he is a prett woman indeed$<ichael# our son# is a schoolbo$ +e is a tall oung man of aboutI with a handsome

face# brown hair and large dark ' brown ees$<ar# our daughter# is about M$ -he is plump and short for her age# but she practises swimming and she hopes to

get thinner$ <ichael is better at sports than she is$ %n fact# he is the best sportsman in the famil$  < parents# m wifeOs parents 'in 'law# father'in 'law and mother'in'law# have alread retired on a pension$ *heare ver fond of their daughter'in' law and of their grandchildren ' grandson and granddaughter who often go to see them

% have a brother and a sister$< brother# 1obert# is the oldest of us$ +e is H ears older than % am$ 1obert is amechanical engineer$ <argaret# his wife# m  sister ' in ' law# is an accountant$ *heir son and daughters are m nephewand nieces$ % am their uncle# m wife is their aunt and our children are their cousins$ 1obert is the son ' in ' law of

I

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<argaretOs parents$< sister# whose name is 4lisabeth# is the oungest of us$ -he is a student$ -he has been engaged to a oung

architect for one ear$ +e is her fiance# m future brother' in 'law$ *he are going to get married quite soon$< fatherOs brother# uncle *om# has never got married$ +e is a bachelor$ =ncle Ared#a widower for several ears#

is now married to aunt Fane$ +is second wife is ver kind to her stepchildren$unt 4mil# who has never had a husband# is a spinster$

  &%>7@=4,eter: +ow man persons are there in our familD@eorge: *here are five of  us in our famil$,eter: re ou the oungest oneD@eorge: 6o# %Om not$ < sister Fane is the oungest# while m brother Fames is older than both of us$,eter: +ow old is heD@eorge: Fames is going to be thirt on -unda$,eter: &o ou live togetherD@eorge: Ees# we do and we get on ver well$

$ ,eter: Bho looks after the house and does the cookingD@eorge: <other does$ 7f course# m sister and m sister ' in 'law help her$ 8ut what about

ouD,eter: % have been married for two ears$@eorge: +ave ou got an childrenD

,eter: Ees# weOve got a fine little girl$ +er name is nn$ I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$Bhat is 1ichard -mithD 0$ +ow old is heD 3$ +ow man members does his famil consist ofD G$ Bhat is his wifeOsnameD H$ Bhat does she look likeD I$ Bho is <ichaelD J$ %s <ar tall and thinD K$ &oes she practise an sports# and whDL$ Bho is better at sports# <ichael or <arD M$ &o 1ichard -mithOs parents still workD $ +as 1ichard -mith an brothers or sistersD 0$ Bhat is his brotherD 3$ Bhat is 1obertOs wifeD G$ +ave the got an childrenD H$ Bhom is4lisabeth engaged toD II.(orbiti despre familia voastra$ III.Traduceti in limba engleza :$ &in cati membri este formata familia voastra D 0$ ,arintii <ariei nu s'au pensionat inca$ 3$ 5umnatul nei este contabil# nu 2i asa D G$ &e cat timp este logodita sora ta D 5ati ani are varul neiD I$ 6epotul tau este elev sau studentD J$ 4l este tot atat de inalt ca si fratele lui$ K$ 4a practica inotul de doi ani$ L$ 5ine este

cel mai bun sportiv dintre voiD *e impaci bine cu fratii si surorile taleD $ 5ine are grija de casaD 0$ 6e ducem adesea sane vi!itam bunicii# care locuiesc in alt oras$3$ %ntotdeauna el da raspunsuri mai bune decat mine la toate intrebarile profesorului$ G$ 4l este mai tanar sau mai in varsta decat tineD H$ 5ine urmea!a D I$ 5e este fratele tau cel mai mareDJ$ 5u cati ani este el mai in varsta decat tineD K$ &e fapt cati ani areD

T- a&-ertis4ents are the the real thing+

  %n *. advertisements# ever famil has two children and everone lives in a house with a garden$ 4verone hasgot a car and a mobile phone$ Bhen the drive their cars# the roads are empt$ 4verone has got a job$ 6o one is unemploed$ 4verone works in a high'tech office which is full of shin newcomputers$ 6o one works in a factor$4verone takes a holida on a beach in an exotic countr$ *he fl there incomfortable planes with lots of smiling stewardesses# good food and lots of space for their feet$  4ver house has a huge kitchen$ -omeone (usuall a woman) prepares delicious meals$ -heOs a ver bus woman#

of course# so she bus food that she can prepare quickl$ 5hildren smile and get excited when their meals arrive$Bhen children are ill# their parents take them to smiling doctors in white coats$ *he doctors alwas have lots of time totalk$ *he never look tired or overworked$1.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

  $&oes the text remind ou of an television advertisements in our countrD0$re our *. advertisements similar or completel differentD3$&o *. advertisement show’s real lifeD%s it a problem if the don’t show real lifeD 3"e

  little bo is standing at the door of a flat in a big house in +igh -treet. +e wants to ringthe bell# but it is too high up from him$

I0

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  PBhat do ou wantDP asks a fat gentleman coming downstairs$  9% want to ring the bell# but it is too high and % am not tall enoughP# answers the bo$  Pll rightP# sas the man# and he rings the bell$

  P6ow run C +urr upP exclaims the bo and runs awa$ *he schoolmaster is standing with his back to the fireplace on a winter morning and isgiven advice to the pupils$

  *hink before ou speak$ 5ount fift before ou sa something important and ahundred# if it is ver importantP$*he lips of  the pupils move quickl for some time and then the all shout together:P6inet 2 nine# one hundredC Eour coat is on fire " sir CP1.$ormulati 1D intrebari referitoare la text si raspundeti la aceste intrebari.

 LESS%N ? 

 A F%RGETFUL T%URIST 

  7nce# a tourist arrived in ,aris$ %t was his first visit there$ Bhen he arrived at the railwa station# he at once askedthe porter to show him the wa to the nearest post office$ *here# he sent a telegram to his wife# in which he informed her that he had arrived safel$ %n this telegram# he told her the address of the hotel where he intended to sta$

*hen# he went to the hotel# left his luggage there and went for a walk$ s it was his first visit to the Arench capital#he was ver much interested to see the streets# museums and shops of this beautiful cit# and spent the greater part of theda in this wa$

 fter he had taken his dinner at a small restaurant# he went to a theatre# where he saw an interesting pla$ +e washighl pleased with his first da in ,aris# but felt rather tired$

  Bhen he decided to go back to his hotel# he found that he had forgotten the name andthe address of the hotel$

Bho could help the poor manD -uddenl# he remembered that he had sent a telegramto his wife$

-o# at a late hour# his wife received the following telegram# P,lease# send me the addressof m hotel at once C’’

 I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

 $Bhere did the tourist arriveD0$+ad he visited ,aris beforeD3$Bhat did he ask the porterDG$Bh did the tourist go to the post officeDH$Bhat did he inform his wife of# b that telegramDI$+ow did he spend his first da in ,arisDJ$Bhat did he doin the eveningDK$Bhere did he have dinnerDL$&id he go staight to the hotel after dinnerDM$Bhat did he decide to do whenhe felt tiredD$Bhat did he find out when he wanted to go back to his holtelD0$+ow did he finall get the name andadress of the hotelD II.ovestiti colegului o gluma$ III.Traduceti in limba engleza:$5and a vrut sa se intoarca la hotel# si'a dat seama ca a uitat numele si adresa hotelului$0$&eoarece nu mai fusese la ,arisniciodata#vroia sa vada toate lucrurile care merita sa fie vi!itate in acest oras$3$<i'a spus ca se va duce la posta ca sa'itrimita sotiei sale o telegrama$G$6u stiam ca voi fi atat de ocupat !ilele acestea$H$>e'am spus ca voi pleca in excursiesambata la pran!$I$<i'a spus ca a muncit toata sambata#ca este obosit acum#si vrea sa se odihneasca$J$m cre!ut ca vaveti petrece week'end'ul la tara# asa dupa cum ne'ati spus$K$%'a scris sotiei ca a ajuns cu bine la ,aris$L$+amalul i'aexplicat care este drumul cel mai scurt pana la posta$M$&upa ce a va!ut o piesa foarte interesanta de teatru# deoarece eracam tar!iu#s'a hotarat sa se intoarca la hotel$$>'am intrebat cand imi va inapoia cartea$0$<i'a raspuns ca nu a terminat'o inca de citit$

 LESS%N

 M%NE* 

  <uch to the inconvenience of international trade and traffic# the decimal sstem# upon which all 4uropean andseveral other nations have based their monetar sstem# had not been adopted in @reat 8ritain and %reland until AebruarH th # LJ$ *hus# beginning with the &$&a (&ecimal &a)# a sstem dating back to nglo' -axon times# was replaced

I3

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 b a new one$*he unit of 4nglish coinage is the  pound sterling# which is worth MM new pennies (MMp$) *he smbol [#which is alwas placed before the figures indicating the amount# stands

for the >atin Plibra’’$ *he abbreviation Pp’’ is written after the coresponding figures$*he 8ank of 4ngland issues banknotes for [ # [ H and [ M$ *here are three bron!e

coins: the /0p (halfpenn)# the one and two new penn and two cupro'nickel coins: the five and ten new penn$ *hen# there is the HM p$ coin$  *he unit of currenc in the =nited -tates of merica is the dollar ()$ *he name PdollarP itself is not merican$ %tstems from the @erman *haler# which is an abbreviation of Foachimsthaler 'the designation of silver coins formel madein Foachimsthal# a small town in 8ohemia$  *he =$-$ @overnment issue notes for 0 H M 0M HM MM HMM M#MMM$ 7ne dollar () is worth MM cents (MM c). *he coins are: the cent# the nickel (H c)# the dime

(M c)" the quarter (0H c ) and the half'dollar (HM c). *he cent is colloquiall called a penn$7ne'cent coins are made of bron!e# five'cent coins of nickel$

  &imes# quarters and half'dollars are made of silver$ *he dollar ma be either a paper  bill or a silver coin$

  *here are several was of reading amounts of merican mone exceeding one dollar$ Aor example# $KM c can beread Pone eightP# Pa dollar eight#P Pa (one) dollar and eight centsP# $0H c is read Pone dollar and a quarter P# and $HM c is read one dollar and a half$

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari :

$Bhen was the decimal sstem adopted in @reat 8ritain and %relandD 0$ Bhat is the unit of 4nglish coinageD3$+ow mannew pennies are there in a pound sterlingD G$ Bhat does the smbol stand forD H$ Bhere is it placedD I$ Bhat does theabbreviation Pp’’ stand forD J$ Bhere is it placedD K$ Bhat banknotes does the 8ank of 4ngland issueD L$ Bhat are the bron!e and cupro'nickel coinsD M$ Bhat is the unit of currenc in the =nited -tates of mericaD $ Bhat is the origin ofthe word’’dollarPD 0$ Bhat are the banknotes issued b the =$-$ @overnmentD 3 +ow man cents are there in a dollarDG$ Bhat are the coins in use in the =nited -tatesD II.(orbiti despre sistemul monetar in 'nglia" -tatele @nite si in 0omania$ III. Traduceti in limba engleza" si apoi transformati in vorbire directa!

$ &omnul -mith a spus : P.oi schimba banii la 8anca maine dimineata’’$ 0$ Aunctionarul i'a spus domnului -mith P6uam pentru moment cecuri de calatorie9$ 3$ 5lientul i'a spus functionarului : Pm nevoie de !ece timbre de cincispre!ececentiP$ G$ *uristul i'a spus functionarului: P.reau sa schimb un cec in valoare de HM de lire in bani gheataP$ H$ 4l ne'a spusP6u am vi!itat niciodata un mu!eu atat de interesantP$ I$ Aunctionarul ne'a spus : P.a trebui sa asteptati putinP$ J$ &omnul

-mith i'a spus sotiei sale : P8iroul de -chimb este inchis va trebui sa mergem la 8ancaP$ K$ %on mi'a spus : P6u i'amva!ut asta!i delocP$ L$ *uristii ne'au spus: Pm sosit asta!i in 8ucurestiP$ M$ %'am spus <ariei: P%i cunoastem de !eceani sunt cei mai buni prieteni ai nostriP$ $ @eorge mi' a spus : P>ucre! la aceasta intreprindere de comert exterior dedoi aniP$ 0$ @hidul le'a spus turistilor : P.a voi da toate informatiile necesare in legatura cu aceasta# maineP$ 3$ <'aintrebat : P%ti place sa citestiDP$ G$ %'am raspuns : P&a# imi place foarte mult$  m citit deja trei carti engle!esti usoarePH$>'am intrebat: P5e ai de gand sa faci acumDP I$ <'a intrebat : P&e cand inveti engle!aDP J$ m intrebat'o : P>e' aispus totul despre aceastaDP$ K$ m intrebat :P.remea se va schimba sau nuDP L$ >'am intrebat : P%ti place sa joci baschetD P 0M$ m intrebat'o: P-tii sa inoti sau nuDP 0$%' am intrebat: P5um va veti petrece week'end'ul DP$00$ >'amintrebat: P.a duceti adesea la teatruDP$ 03$ m intrebat'o: P5and ti'ai cumparat rochiaDP 0G$>'am intrebat: P.ei merge cunoi sau nuDP 0H$ >e'am spus: P6u deschideti fereastra va rogCP$ 0I$ <i'a spus : P6u citi atat de repedeCP$0J$%'am spus:P&u'te acasa imediatPO$0K$%'am spus : P.ino sa ma ve!i imediat ce vei avea putin timp liberCP$ 0L$ %'am spus : P%nchideusa#te rogC’’

V%RBIREA DIRECTA SI INDIRECTA

(Dire#t an& In&ire#t spee#h

*recand din vorbirea directa in vorbirea indirecta# apar unele modificari:

%$,ropo!itii enuntiative

IG

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 a) .erbul’’to saP din propo!itia principala urmat de un complement indirect# se inlocuieste cu verbul’’to tell’’ b) .erbul to sa din propo!itia principala ramane neschimb daca nu este urmat de un complement indirect

c) propo!itia secundara se introduce prin conjuctia t+at" care poate fi omisa  d) *impul verbului din propo!itia secundara depinde de timpul verbului din propo!itia principala#in conformitate cu regulile corespondentei timpurilore) &aca verbul din propo!itia principala este la un timp trecut# pronumele# adjectivele

si adverbele se inlocuiesc dupa cum urmea!a : t+is...t+at t+ese...t+ose toda...t+at daA esterda...t+e da beforeA

tomorro*..t+e next da A ago...beforeA next *ee...t+e next *eeA +ere...t+ere A no*...t+en.

Vorbirea Dire6ta

a) +e said to the clerk# P% need six fifteen'cent stamps$ P b) +e said" P% *ant to change some monePc) +e sas# OBe are all economistsP$d)-he said" P% *ant to bu some stampsP$*he tourist said to us# ’’% have c+anged m mone into pounds sterlingP$

Vorbirea In*ire6ta

a)+e told the clerk (that) he needed six fifteen'cent stamps$ ' %'a spus functionarului ca are nevoie de sase timbre de Hcenti$ b)+e said (that) he wanted to change some mone$ ' spus ca vrea sa schimbe niste bani$c)+e sas &t+at) the are all economists$'4l spune ca sunt cu totii economisti$d) -he said (that) she *anted to bu some stamps$ ' spus ca vrea sa cumpere niste timbre$*he tourist told us that he had c+anged his mone into pounds sterling$ ' *uristul ne'a spus ca si'a schimbat banii in liresterline$

%%$ ,ropo!itii interogativea) .erbul Pto saP din propo!itia principala se inlocuieste cu verbele : to as (a intreba)#

to in,uire (a se interesa)# to *onder (a sa intreba)# to want to no* (a vrea sa stie)#etc$ b) ,ropo!itia secundara se introduce prin conjunctiile : if (daca)# *+et+er (daca da sau nu) etc$# in ca!ul intrebarilorgenerale# si prin conjunctiile when (cand)# *+ere (unde)# how (cum)$#in ca!ul intrebarilor speciale

c) &aca verbul propo!itiei principale este la un timp trecut# verbul propo!itiei secundare#se foloseste la timpul impus de regulile corespondentei timpurilor iar pronumele# adjectivele si adverbele se inlocuiesc casi in ca!ul propo!itiilor enuntiative$

.orbirea &irecta .orbirea %ndirecta

a) +e said" P+ow much does this parcel weigh  +e ased  me how much that parcel weighed$ ' <'a intrebat cat

cantareste coletul acela $

 b) +e said# P+ow tall are ouD9  +e wanted to know +o* tall % was$ 2 .oia sa stie ce inaltime

am$

c) +e said# PBho won the quarter mile raceDP  +e inquired who +ad *on the quarter mile race$ ' -'a interesat

cine a castigat cursa disputata pe un stert de mila$

+e said# PBill ou go to the department storetomorrowDP

+e asked me if % s+ould go to the department store t+e next

da. ' <'a intrebat daca ma voi duce la maga!inul universal adoua !i$

%%%$ ,ropo!itii imperativea) .erbul to sa din propo!itia principala se inlocuieste cu verbele to tell (a spune ceva cuiva)# to order (a ordona)# to

command (a comanda)# to as (a cere)# to beg (a ruga)# to advise (a sfatui)etc$ b) .erbul la imperativ din propo!itia secundara se inlocuieste in vorbirea indirecta cu

infinitivul lung$

.orbirea &irecta .orbirea %ndirecta

a) +e said" P<easure this room# pleaseCP  +e ased  me to measure that room$ <i'a cerut sa masor

camera aceea

IH

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 b) +e said# %on:t sell  at this price C’  +e asked me not to sell  at that price$ <i'a cerut sa nu vand

la pretul acela$

c) +e said# %on:t exeeed  the speed limitCP  +e advised me not to exceed  the speed >imit$ ' <'a sfatuit

sa nu depasesc limita de vite!a$

 LESS%N

 D%ING %NE/S S)%$$ING 

% live in a new residential district in 8ucharest$ s in all the other new districts in our capital# there are a lot of shops here : a chemistOs# a boot store# a stationerOs# a bookshop#a draperOs# a tobacconist’s# a haberdasher’s and shop selling: sports articles# earthen' ware chinaware and glassware#electrical appliances# furniture# tos# as a wide range of foodstuffs$

  s for me# % prefer to do m shopping at the modern two' storeed department store round the corner$ +ere ou canfind almost everthing ou need : read'made clothes#knitwear# footwear# fabrics# furniture# carpets# chinaware# biccles and what not$

  *here is also a big restaurant# a snack'bar and a confectionerOs here$  Bhenever % go to the department store to bu something# on m wa to the department

selling the item % need# % stop in front of various counters# to have a look at the items on displa$ ll these counters#haberdasher# hosier# perfumer# leatherware# household

utensils# to mention onl some of them# are alwas well'stocked with a great variet of goods$ll the items for sale are exhibited on the counters# shelves and rails# so that the can be easil seen b the customers who walk round and choose what the need$

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$ re there man shops in the residential district ou live inD 0$ Bhat are these shopsD3$ Bhere do ou prefer to do ourshoppingD G$ %s there a department store in our districtD H$ Bhat can ou find at the department storeD I$ <ention thevarious counters in a modern department store$ J$ Bhere are the items exhibitedD K$ &o ou smokeD L$Bhat items can ou bu thereD II.(orbiti despre magazine si despre articolele pe care le puteti cumpara$ III.Traduceti in limba engleza!

$<i s'a spus ca la acest maga!in universal sa gaseste o varietate mai mare de articole dacat in alte maga!ine$0$,ana dupa

amia!a#se vor vinde multe din lucrurile expuse$3$ceasta problema tocmai a fost mentionata$G$6i se vor mai arata si alteconfectii# daca vom mai astepta$H$*oate raioanele sunt in permanenta bine aprovi!ionate$I$&ictionarele s'au vandut intr' osingura !i$J$,e rafturi erau expuse o multime de marfuri$K$u fost alesi numai cei mai buni studenti$L$ceste marfuri potfi adesea va!ute in orice maga!in universal$M$<i s'a recomandat aceasta firma de cosmetice$$.i se vor da si alteinformatii folositoare$0$% se va trimite acasa mobila pe care a cumparat'o$

 LESS%N '

 BU*ING F%%DSTUFFS 

  % alwas prefer to do m shopping at the self'service shop# rather than wander from one shop to another# from the bakerOs to the grocerOs# from the grocerOs to the confectionerOs# then to the greengrocerOs# to get to the butcherOs at last$

  @oing to a self'service shop#ou can find in one and the same store# almost everthing ou need in the line offoodstuffs. *he wide range of goods to be found here are displaed in various counters$  ver crowded counter is the dr groceries one# where people can find tinned vegetables# fruit# meat and fish# aswell as %talian pastes# cereals#flour#sugar#oil# tomato juiceand paste#salt#rice#jams#fruit juice#etc$

  *he baker counter is alwas well'stocked with fresh# white and brown bread#rolls# biscuits and cakes$

  t the dair counte#customers can bu milk#butter# cheese# margarine# oghurt and eggs$*he confectioner counter displas sweets# tea# coffee vanilla essence#

chocolate$ etc$

II

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  %f we want to bu soft or alcoholic drinks# we go to the counter selling mineral water#dr and sweet wines# brand# plum brand# champagne# beer and liqueurs$

  *here is also a delicatessen counter# where we can find ham# bacon#sausages# smoked meat# smoked poultr andread 'to' serve meats$

Be bu meat at the butcherOs meat counter# poultr at the poult counter and fresh# salted# smoked or fro!en fish#as well as fish delicacies# at the fish counter$

Bhenever % go to the self'service shop# % am attracted b the great variet of fruits and vegetables on displa atthe greengrocer counter$ +ere# according to the season# ou can find potatoes# tomatoes# peas# beans# cabbages# onion# aswell as fruits: apple# pears# peaches# grapes# cherries# plums#strawberries#lemon# oranges# bananas# etc$

 AT T)E GREENGR%CER/S 

5ustomer : @ood morning$ $@reengrocer: @ood morning# madam$ Bhat can % do for ouD5ustomer : Bhat earl vegetables have ou got todaD@reengrocer: BeOve just received hothouse tomatoes# lettuce# cucumbers and green peppers$ Fust look how fresh and beautiful the areC5ustomer: *hatOs all right$ *he tomatoes and the lettuce do look fresh$ % think % haven’t gotan more tomatoes left at home# so let me have 0 pounds of tomatoes# but pick onl big# and ripe ones# please$ -ome ofthem are small and rather green# but see to it that the are not spoiled# however$@reengrocer: Bhat next# pleaseD Bhat about these radishesD

5ustomer: 6o# thank ou$ *he look withered and so do the cucumbers$ %Od rather bu 0 pounds of green peppers# 3 bunches of carrots and 0 heads of cauliflower$@reengrocer: %Om sorr# madam$% have no carrots at the moment$ ll sold out$ n  fruitD $ fresh consignment has justarrived$5ustomer: 6o# thank ou$ *hatOs all for toda$

 I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$&o ou often go shoppingD 0$ Bhere do ou usuall bu foodstuffsD 3$ Bh do people prefer to do their shopping at theself'service shopD G$ Bhat are the various counters in a self' service shopD H$ Bhat foodstuffs can ou find at the drgroceries counterD I$ Bhat can customers bu at the baker counterD J$ Bhat are the dair products ou can find at thedair counterD K$ Bhat foodstuffs does the confectioner counter displaD L$Bhat drinks can ou find at the self'serviceshopD M$ Bhat can ou bu at the delicatessen counterD $ Bhat kinds of fish can ou find at the fish counterD 0$ Bhat

vegetables and fruits does the greengrocer counter exhibitD II.%escrieti un magazin cu autoservire pentru produse alimentare$ III.Traduceti in limba engleza!

$5and intra in maga!inul cu autoservire#clientilor li se inmanea!a un cos$0$<arfurile sunt expuse pe rafturi$3$,astelefainoase se vand la raionul de langa noi$G$=nde se vinde paineaDH$4ste vreun raion de brutarie in acest maga!inDI$i grijaca unele dintre rosii sa nu fie stricate# sunt prea coapte$J$s cumpara mai degraba niste salata verdepare proaspata$K$6ucumparati deloc fructe asta!iD*ocmai ne'a sosit un transport$L$5red ca nu mai am deloc fructe acasa# asa ca vreau sacumpar niste cirese$M$<aga!inul cu auto'servire din cartierul nostru este intotdeauna aprovi!ionat cu o gama larga dearticole$ 

@1<<1  DIATEZA $ASIVA

 REGULI DE TRECERE DE LA DIATEZA ACTIVA LA DIATEZA $ASIVA (R0les !"r Changing !r"4 A#ti-e int"

 $assi-e V"i#e

  -pre deosebire de limba romana# in limba engle!a nu numai verbele urmate de complement direct si indirect ci si cele

IJ

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urmate de complement prepo!itional pot fi trecute la diate!a pasiva$,entru a trece o propo!itie din diate!a activa in diate!a pasiva# se fac urmatoarele

modificari:' 5omplementul (direct# indirect sau prepo!itional) din propo!itia activa devine subject in propo!itia pasiva iar

subiectul propo!itiei active devine complement de agent in propo!itia pasiva (introdus prin prepo!itia b/"complementce poate fi omis

' .erbul din propo!itia activa se trace la diate!a pasiva# pastrandu'se timpul neschimbat predicatul se acorda in numar si persoana cu noul subiect

' =nei propo!itii cu doua complemente directe sau cu un complement direct si unulindirect ii corespund doua propo!itii pasive$ Diate<a a#ti-a

Be bu bread at the bakerOs$' 5umparam paine de la brutarie$*he confectioner counter displas sweets$ '1aionul de dulciuri expune dulciuri$*he shop assistant handed the customer a basket$ ' .an!atoarea i'a inmanat clientului un cos$Be have often referred to this problem$' 6e'am referit adesea la aceasta problema$ Diate<a pasi-a

8read is bought at the bakerOs$ 2 ,ainea se cumpara de la brutarie$-weets are displaed at the confectioner counter$ ' &ulciurile sunt expuse la raionul de dulciuri$*he customer was handed a basket b the shop assistant$ ' 5lientului i s'a inmanat un cos de catre van!atoare$ basket was handed to the customer b the shop assistant$ ' =n cos i'a fost inmanat clientului de catre van!atoare$*his problem has often been referred to$ ' -'a facut adeseori referire la aceasta problema$($assi-e V"i#e&iate!a activa arata ca actiunea este implinita de subiectul gramaticale$g$:*he bo is reading$&iate!a pasiva arata ca subiectul gramatical sufera actiunea indeplinita de altcineva# de catre subiectuillogic(complementul de agent)$

 $ormare:timpurile verbului Qto be9/get/become,articipiul *recut(.3) rezent :%’m seen +e’s seen Be’re seen ast :% was seen resent erfect :% have been seen ast erfect :% had been seen $uture:% shall be seen $uture erfect :% shall have been seen resent Tense #ontinuous:% am being seen ast Tense #ontinuous:% was being seen@ses!$cand subiectul real este greu de stabilit:%t was discovered man ears ago  0$cand se evita mentionarea subiectului real:certain difficulties have been created in our group  3$identitatea subiectului este neimportanta:*he enterprise has been restored to its full capacit  G$ se sublinia!a actiunea nu subiectul ei:Eour work will certainl be appreciated  H$accentul cade pe subiectul gramatical:Eou have been taught man things b our teacher   I$cand accentul cade pe subiectul real:*he pri!e was won b Fohn'%t was Fohn who won the pri!e$

1.%ati interogativul" negativul si interogativnegativul urmatoarelor propozitii :*he goods exhibited will be sold this afternoon$ 0$ % have been recommended this book$ 3$ Be had been asked a lot of

questions before ou came$ G$ *hese cars are sold b the engineers$ H$-he was sent an flowers on her birthda$ I$ *hedepartment store can be seen from the corner of the street$ J$ *he books were exhibited at a counter# in front of the bookshop$2.Inlocuiti infinitivul din paranteze cu timpul corespunzator la diateza pasiva !

$*hese goods (to sell) at the department store round the corner$ 0$ 5ustomers (to offer) a wide range of goods$ 3$ s weentered the house we (to meet) b Fane$ G$ *he letter(to sign) b the manager after it (to tpe) b the tpist$ H$ Bhen % sentthe parcel %(to hand) a receipt$ I$ 6ew blocks of flats (to build) in our district next ear$ J$ *his museum alwas (to visit) b man tourists$ K$ *he meeting (to hold) esterda$ L$ *hese paintings (to exhibit) in the rt <useum in our cit$ M$ llthe mistakes made b the students (to correct) b the teacher after the test papers (to hand over)$

IK

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 LESS%N ''

E ARE DINING %UT 

*here are various places where we can eat when we are in town: cafes# tea rooms#refreshment rooms# snack bars# lunch rooms# grill rooms# canteens# restaurants# etc$

fter we have finished our shopping# for example# we ma go to a cafe to have a coffee#a tea#a cake# an ice cream or some pastries$ t the cafe# we can also have breakfast$

Be can have a bite: a sandwich# a soft drink# or a coffee at the refreshment room$-ometimes#when we are in a hurr# we have lunch at a self' service restaurant here#

there is no waiter and we get the dishes ourselves$ *hose preferring dair products# vegetables and fruit can have their meals at a

vegetarian restaurant$<an people have lunch at the canteen$

>ast -aturda# m wife and % went to a restaurant for dinner$$ Be were met b the head waiter# who showed us to the tablewe had reserved beforehand$ Be sat down and we were handed the bill'of'fare$ Be studied it#and ordered an horsdOoeuvre# meat with vegetables# coffee and wine$ *he waiter set plates# glasses# forks# knives and tea'spoons on the table$Bhen we finished eating# the waiter cleared the table$ *hen# he made out the bill we settled it and left the restaurant$ %twas a nice evening# we had a good time listening to music# dancing and talking$

*he true'born 4nglishman never thinks of making the restaurant# cafe or public house (pub) the center of hissocial life$ +e rarel spends more than half'an'hour over his lunch (which he usuall takes at a lunch room near hisoffice)# over a cup of coffee or tea (in a cafe or tea room) or over a glass of ale (which he takes in a pub)$ Bhen his

 business hours are over# he goes home# has his famil dinner and usuall stas at home# for the 4nglish are a home'loving people$ *he saing ’’6o place like home ’’ is to be heard quite often$

%f an 4nglishman wants to spend a few hours with his friends# he either asks them to come to his place# or to meethim at his club$ *he tpical 4nglish club is either a restaurant or a combination of a cafe restaurant and hotel$  &%>7@=4<r$ -mith: %s this table engaged# pleaseD

  Baiter: Ees# it is$ %t has alread been reserved$<r$ -mith: *hen# letOs take the table over there$<rs$-mith: >etOs have a full course$ %Om terribl hungr$<r$ -mith: -o am %# and % am thirst# too$<rs$ -mith: *hen#letOs have iced orange juice# first$ nd what do the have for the first

courseD

<r$ -mith: Aor the first course there is a great variet of appeti!ers: caviare# herring#  seafood cocktail# shrimps# and tomato juice$<rs$ -mith: % should take a seafood cocktail$<r$ -mith (to the waiter) : seafood cocktail and shrimps# please$ 6ow# what would ou recommend for the secondcourse# waiterDBaiter: Bell# ou ma choose from among trout# mackerel# sturgeon and soup$<r$ -mith: *rout and fried sturgeon# please$Baiter: .er well# sir$ Bhat would ou like for the main courseD Be have grilled pork chops$ liver# beefsteak# lamb# friedchicken and our roast beef# which is excellent$ Bill ou tr itD<rs$ -mith : BeOll have one roast beef well'done and one underdone with chips# peas# lettuce and tomatoes$ s for dessert%’ll have vanilla ice cream and coffee$<r$ -mith: nd what shall we drinkD

<rs$-mith: 7h# mineral water for me$ Bhat about ouD<r$ -mith: % think %Oll have some dr white wine$Baiter: .er well# sir$

 I. 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$ Bhat are the various places where we can eat when we are in townD 0$ Bhat can we have at a cafeD 3$ Bhen do wehave lunch at a self'service restaurantD G$ Bhat can we eat at a vegetarian restaurantD H$ Bh do man people have lunchat the canteenD I$ <ust we alwas reserve a table at the restaurant beforehandD J$ Bho shows us to our table when weenter the restaurantD K$ Bhat are we handedD L$ Bhat does the waiter set on the tableDM$ Bhat does the waiter do afterwe have finished eatingD $ Bhat must we do before leaving the restaurantD 0$ &o 4nglishmen spend a lot of time in

IL

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restaurants# cafes and pubsD 3$ Bhat does an 4nglishman do when his business hours are overD G$Bhat does the saingP6o place like homeP meanD II.(orbiti despre diferitele posibilitati de a lua masa in oras.

 III.Traduceti in limba engleza:$s vrea sa luam masa de seara la restaurant#ce !iciD0$r fi fost mai bine sa comandam prajituri# in loc de

inghetata$3$>'am fi invitat sa ia masa in oras#cu noi#dar nu era acasa cand i'am telefonat$G$s vrea sa achit nota chiaracum# se poateDH$5red ca ar fi mai bine sa luam masa de pran! la restaurantul cu autoservire#este mult mai rapid$I$scomanda si niste vin$J$6e'am fi dus la bufet# dar era inchis la ora aceea$K$m fi comandat si un aperitiv# dar nu aveaunimic care sa ne placa$L$6e'am fi re!ervat o masa telefonic# dar nu eram siguri daca ne vom duce la restaurant in searaaceea$M$r fi venit sa ne vada#dar era prea ocupat$$*i'as imprumuta cartea # dar nu este a mea$0$r fi facut un tur alorasului#dar erau prea obositi$3$%'am fi pus si alte intrebari# dar se grabea sa plece$G$s face o plimbare cu barca# vii situD

@1<<1  M%DUL C%NDITI%NAL

(C"n&iti"nal M""&

<odul conditional exprima o actiune a carei reali!are depinde de implinirea unei conditii:e$g$:+e would bu a car if he had mone$5onditionalul are doua timpuri:

%$ $re<ent 'a)simplu(the C"n&iti"nal $resent ) %efinitie!actiune care se poate reali!a in pre!ent in ca!ul implinirii unei conditii:e$g$:+e would phone her if he found her phone number$ $orma:auxiliarul should/wouldto.%n engle!a britanica wouldinf$scurt'valoare modala'vointa# dorinta  b)continuu&ef$actiune sau stare in desfasurare in momentul vorbirii in ca!ul indeplnirii unei conditiie$g$:%f he were here he would be telling us jokes$Aorma:aux$shall/shouldinfinitivul continuu(8e.'ing)

 %%.Tre#0t   a)simplu( $ast C"n&iti"nal ) %efinitie:actiune care s'ar fi putut reali!a in trecut in ca!ul indeplinirii unei conditii

e$g$:*he would have come in time if the had taken a taxi$ $orma!aux$ -hall/wouldinfinitiv perfect(have.3)  b)continuu %efinitie:actiune in curs de desfasurare in trecut in ca!ul indeplinirii unei conditii

 $orma:aux$should/wouldinfinitiv perfectal verbului to be(have been)participil pre!ent(.'ing)

e$g$:-he would have been singing this time last -unda if she had taken part in the festival(serbare)$

1.%ati interogativul" negativul si interogativnegativul urmatoarelor propozitii !

 $ % should go for a walk tonight$ 0$ +e would bu that dictionar$ 3$ -he would like tohave dinner at a restaurant$ G$ Be should like to listen to music$ H$ Eou would like to havea bite at a snack bar$ I$ *he would have liked to spend their holidas at the sea'side$

0$ Inlocuiti infinitivul din paranteza cu timpul corespunzator  :$ % (to bu) the blouse# if it (to match) m brown skirt$ 0$ -he (to tr on) the dress# if it(to be) her si!e$ 3$ % (to wear) m new dress tonight# if % (to go) to the theatre$G$ *he skirt (to be altered)# if it (to be) too tight$ H$ +e (to bu) the shirt# if the (to have) it in his si!e$ I$*he skirt (to fit) her perfectl# if it (to be) a little wider$ J$ %f the (to get in) a fresh consignment of overcoats# she (can)find her si!e# too$ K$ Be (to go) swimming tomorrow# if it (to be)# warm enough$ L$ Eou (to make) fewer mistakes if ou(to be) more attentive$ M$ +e (to speak) 4nglish much better# if he (to stud) more$ $ %f it (to rain) this afternoon# % (notto go) anwhere$ 0$ %f the weather (to be) fine# we (to spend) this week'end in the countr$

 LESS%N '1

JM

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CL%T)ING 

  +ave ou noticed that men and women have ver different opinions about clothingD <r$ -mith# for example#has probabl been wearing the same clothes for several ears andintends to wear them for several more. +e is ver glad if his clothes last for  a long time$ +e onl needs a few shirtsseveral suits# a sports coat# several pairs of trousers# a rain coat and an overcoat$ Arom time to time he bus a shirt# a pairof socks# some underwear or a new tie# and <r$ -mith thinks heOs got enough clothes$

+e thinks his wife has got a lot of clothes# too$ -heOs got a wide selection of dresses# blouses#jackets# tight and

wide skirts# evening gowns# two'piece suits# dressing gowns# a rain coat# a light overcoat# a heav overcoat# a fur overcoat# but whenever the plan to go out for the evening# she sas she has nothing to wear$ <r$ -mith often asks her about all thethings in the wardrobe# but he knows before hand what the answer will be : one dress is out of stle# another one is toosmall or too short# and the third one just doesnOt appeal to her an more$ -ometimes# <r$ -mith can persuade his wife thatsomething from her wardrobe looks good on her# but she insists on buing a new dress and new shoes$

<r$ -mith talks a lot# but in fact he likes his wife to look attractive# when the go to the theatre or to a part$ AT T)E LADIES/ READ*JMADE CL%T)ES DE$ARTMENT 

-hop'assistant: <a % help ou# madamD5ustomer: %Od like to bu a blouse to match a smart# brown# velvet skirt$-hop'assistant: -ilk or cottonD5ustomer: %Od rather have silk$ % want to wear  it at a part$-hop'assistant: BhatOs our si!eD

5ustomer: G0# please$-hop'assistant: +ow do ou like this prett green oneD *he colour suits ou perfectl andit is the latest fashion this ear . %t has a modern cut and itOs pure silk$5ustomer: Ees# but it has short sleeves$ %Od like a long sleeved blouse# if ou have one$-hop'assistant: Bill ou have a look at this ellow blouseD %t must be just our si!e$5ustomer: 6o# thank ou$ % like the stle# but ellow doesnOt suit me at all$ % should have bought such a blouse# if ou hadhad it in green$-hop'assistant : Be are expecting a fresh consignment# so drop in again b the end of the week$  AT T)E MEN/S READ*JMADE CL%T)ES DE$ARTMENT 

-alesman: Bhat can % do for ou# -irD

5ustomer: %Od like to bu a tight# single'breasted suit in gre# please$-alesman: Bhat si!e do ou wearD5ustomer: HM$-alesman: ]indl step into the fitting'room and tr one on$(%n the fittingroom) $-alesman: +ow do ou like it# -irD >ook# itOs excellentl cut and the material wears well# too$5ustomer: %Om afraid it isnOt quite what % want$ %Od like something of a better qualit# and besides it doesnOt look good onme# it doesnOt fit me ver well: itOs a little tight in the waist and too long in the sleeves# while the trousers are too wide andshort$-alesman: *hat can be altered free of charge b our tailor shop$5ustomer: +avenOt ou got anthing else in gre of a higher qualit to show meD-alesman: %Om afraid$ % havenOt got anthing else in our si!e at the moment# but we might get in some more suits in a few

das$ I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$Bh do we sa that men and women have different opinions about clothingD0$%s <r$-mith glad if his clotheslast for a long timeD3$Bhat does <r$-mith bu from time to timeDG$&oes he think he’s got enogh clothesDH$Bhat clotheshas <rs$-mith gotDI$Bhat does <rs$ -mith sa when the plan to go out for the eveningDJ$Bhat does she think about theclothes in her wardrobeDK$Bhat does <r$ -mith tr to persuade his wifeDL$&oes <r$-mith like his wife to look attractivewhen the go to the theatre or to a partD II.#onstruiti scurte dialoguri intre vanzatori si clienti.

 III. Traduceti in limba engleza:$5e ai fi cumparat# daca maga!inul ar fi fost deschisD0$6u as fi purtat aceasta rochie# daca ar fi fost

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demodata$3$-i'ar cumpara si o camasa# daca ar gasi vreuna care sa se asorte!e cu pantalonii sai cei noi$G$&aca se va ducela petrecere# isi va pune o rochie de seara$H$&omnul -mith ar fi foarte bucuros#daca ar purta aceleasi haine multiani$I$&oamna -mith ar fi vrut sa'si cumpere si o poseta care sa se asorte!e cu pantofii cei noi$J$&aca culoarea i'ar fi venit bine#as fi sfatuit'o sa'si cumpere rochia aceea$K$&aca voi avea timp# dupa amia!a ma voi duce dupa cumparaturi$L$&aca asfi stiut si raspunsul la ultima intrebare#as fi primit o nata mai mare$M$&aca se vor duce la teatru#isi vor re!erva locurile cucatva timp inainte$$&aca as fi stiut dinainte parerea ta# nu ti'as mai fi telefonat$

@1<<1 IF C%NDITI%NAL 

(I! C"n&iti"nal

 I!

 principala secundara conditionala 

I.Viit"r (all,3ill+V2  pre<ent (S+toV-+(e)

Sant,3ont+V2 S+*ont,*oent+V2

  Sall,3ill+S+V2!) Do,Doe+S+V2!)

e$g$:%’ll go % have time

%%$C"n&iti"nal $re<ent $ast Tense

(-would/should. ( -ed/.0-shouldn’t/wouldn’t. -didn’t.

-hould/would-.) &id-.D)e$g$:% would/should go % had time

III.C"n&iti"nal Tre#0t $ast $er!e#t 

S+3oul*,oul*+ave+V5 (S+a*+V5

S+3oul*nt,oul*nt+ave+V5 S+a*nt+V5

7oul*,oul*+S+ave+V5! a*+S+V5!)

% would have gone % had had time

1.#ontinuati urmatoarele propozitii !

$ % should bu this dress# if $$$ $0$ +e would wear his new suit# if $$$ $3$ *he will go to the cinema# ifN$$G$ -he wouldhave answered his letter# if$$$ $H$ Eou would tpe the letter ourself# ifN$$ I$ % should have translated the article#

ifNN J$ *onight we shall dine out# if$$$ $ K$ -he would go to the greengrocerOs# if$$$ $ L$ Be should have known 4nglishgrammar much better# ifNN$ M$% should read this book# ifN$ Eou would get to our office earlier#if $$$ $ 0$ *he would have gone to the swimming pool# if$$$$

 LESS%N '6

T)E EARL* DA*S %F T)E TELE$)%NE 

b 3er"4e 7; 3er"4e

  % think the telephone is reall a useful thing$ Eou want to see a man who lives near our house$ Eou can put on our hat and go round to his house in five minutes$ 8ut ou look at the telephone$ Eou think it is better to ring him up before ou go$ Eou ring up man times# but ou get no answer$ *hen# ou tr once more to

telephone and this time ou get an answer$ Eou shout:PBh donOt ou answerD % have rang twent times in the last half hour$ % pa a large sum for the telephone andcannot get an answer when % ring$ Bh is itD P Eou have finished$ 6ow ou wait for the answer$ nd at last it comesfrom ver# ver far awa:

PBhat 'what do ou saD % cannot hear what ou sa$PP% sa % have rung twent times and % cannot get an answer$ % shall write about it to the

5ompan#P PEou want whatD &onOt stand so near$ % cannot hear what ou sa$ Bhat numberDPP% donOt ask an number$ % sa# wh donOt ou answer when % ringDPP4ight hundred and whatDP

  Eou cannot repeat our  question once more# so ou sa ou want number four'fiveJ0

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seven'six$PAour'nine'seven'sixDP sas the girl$P6o# four'five'seven'sixP$P&id ou sa seven'six or  six'sevenDPP-ix'seven'no C % sa seven'six# no'wait a minute$ % donOt know what % want now$$$ $P PBell# ou must know# P sas the oung lad$ P% cannot wait here all the morning$P -o# ou find the number in the book again# repeat it and at last she tells ou that ou are connected$ *hen ou

stand waiting for some minutes$Pre ou thereDP ou cr man times# and then'oh# how glad ou are Cou hear a voice

answering:PEes$ what is itDPP7h C re ou four'five'seven'sixDPPBhatDPPre ou four'five'seven'six# BilliamsonDPPBhatD Bho are ouDPP4ight'one'nine# Fones$PP8onesDPP6o# Fones$ re ou four'five'seven'sixDPPEes# what is itDP%s <r$ Billiamson at homeDP’’Bill % whatD'Bho are ouD

PFones C %s <r$ Billiamson at homeDPPBhoDPPBilliamson$ Bill'%'am'son$P PEou are the son of whatD % cannot hear what ou sa$PAinall# he understands that ou wish to know if Billiamson is at home# and he sas'so

at least ou hear'’’Bill be at home all the morning#P-o ou take our hat and go to his house$P% have come to see <r$ Billiamson# Pou sa$P.er sorr# -ir# is the answer# Pbut he is not at home$’’P6ot at homeD 8ut just now ou said to me over the telephone: P+e will be at home all

the morning$’’P6o# it was :P+e will not be at home all the morning$’’

  Eou go  back to our room# sit down in front of the telephone and look at it$ Bhat canou doD 6othing$

 I.$ormulati 1D intrebari referitoare la text si raspundeti

 II.Imaginativa o convorbire telefonica in secolul viitor.

 III.Traduceti in limba engleza:$&aca ai veni la ora J# cu siguranta ca ne'ai gasi acasa$0$&a cand il cunostiD3$5e vei face saptamana viitoare pe

vremea aceastaDG$=nde ti'ai petrecut week'endul trecutDH$*e'as fi asteptat daca as fi fost sigura ca vei veni$I$,loua de treiore$J$=nde te duceai ieri cand te'am intalnitDK$&aca voi avea timp deseara voi termina cartea pe care o citesc de osaptamana$L$&e ce nu mi'ai spus ca ti s'a schimbat numarul de telefonDM$&aca ti'as fi stiut noul numar de telefon#ti'as fitelefonat$$&e obicei facem vi!ite dupa amia!a# in !ilele de lucru$0$6u facem niciodata o vi!ita fara a da un telefon in prealabil$3$*rebuie sa facem tot posibilul sa fim intotdeauna punctuali$G$=n domn nu se va ase!a niciodata inainte ca

doamna pe care o insoteste sa ia loc$H$5and plecati de la petrecere nu trebuie sa uitati sa'i multumiti ga!dei pentruospitalitate$I$*rebuie intotdeauna sa evitati sa vorbiti prea mult$J$&aca cunoastem doua persoane care nu se cunoscintre ele#este de datoria noastra sa le facem cunostinta$K$*rebuie sa va ingrijiti ca oaspetii dumneavoastra sa aiba tot ceeace au nevoie in tot timpul petrecerii$L$-e ajuta ca sa'si termine mai repede lucrarile$0M$%n timp ce lucrea!a# invata unul dela altul$0$5and s'au despartit si'au spus la revedere$00$%si scriau scrisori in fiecare saptamana$

 @1<<1 

 M%DUL IM$ERATIV 

(The I4perati-e M""&

J3

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Definitie:<odul %mperativ exprima un ordin# o porunca# un indemn# o rugaminte$5ome inC(%ntraC)4ste repre!entat prin persoana a doua singular si pluralinf$scurtfirmativ:>earnCinf$scurt 6egativ:&onotinf$scurtC?&on’t learnC,entru celelalte persoane:aux$99to let9pronumele sau substantivul in cu!tivinf scurtfirmativ:>etcc(,ron/-ust)inf$scurt$ >et me learnC 6eg:&onotletcc(pron/subst)inf$scurt&o not let me learnC>et me not learnC"#D'0 I"P$%AIV(e Imperative "oo*)

<odul imperativ exprima un ordin# o porunca# un indemn# o rugaminte$%n limba engle!a# modul imperativ este repre!entat prin persoana a%%'a singular si plural$5a forma este identic cuinfinitivul scurt al verbului$pare# de obicei# neansotit de subiect$

Afirmativ:1n* per.g.9pl.-inf.6urt :e$g$:>earnC(%nvataC%nvatatiC)Negativ :Do+Not+inf.6urt auDont+inf.6urt:e$g$:&o not learnC&on’t learnC(6u invataC6u invatatiC)  ,entru celelalte persoane se intrebuintea!a verbul auxiliar to letun pronume sau substantiv in cu!ativinfinitivulscurtAfirmativ:0et+A66.(pron au ubt.)+inf.6urt

1. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la negativ!$ *ranslate the new text# please C 0$ 7pen our books# pleaseC 3$ 5ome to the blackboard# please C G$ 5ount from one toten# please C H$ Brite the new words in our exercise books# please C I$ 5lose the window# please C J$ 1ead lesson numberL# please C K$ @o back to our seat# please C L$ 1epeat all the texts# please Co$ *ake m book# please C

 ARE C%M$UTERS %UR FRIENDS %R ENEMIES+

  8efore LGM dictionaries said that a 9computer is a person who computes# that is# who adds# subtracts# multipliesand dividesO$ fter LGM human computers were graduall replaced b gigantic machines# called Oelectronic computersO$

computer is nowadas more of a Omachine that thinksO$ 5omputers are used so much in different activities thatknowing nothing about them makes life ver difficult$

*he main part is a box called the sstem unit$ %f the sstem unit is tall# itOs called a tower$ %f the sstem unit iswide# itOs called a desktop unit$

-everal cables come out of the sstem unit$ 7ne is called the power cord and feeds power to the computer$ 7necable goes to the keboard$ *o send a message to the computer# ou tpe the message on the keboard$ 7ne cable goes tothe monitor which is a device that looks like a *.$ *he computer displas the messages on the monitor screen$

7ne cable goes to the mouse which is a device about the si!e of a pack of cards$ 8 pressing the mouseOs left button ou can manipulate an object on the monitor screen$ 7ne cable goes to the printer which prints on paper$

computer includes three main parts$ *he part that OthinksO is called the processor$ *he part that OremembersO thecomputerOs OthoughtsO is called the memor$ Bithout memor a computer is as useless as a person who sas: O% had a greatidea but % canOt remember it$O *he part that OcommunicatesO those OthoughtsO is called the in/out sstem# or the input/outputsstem# because it passes information into and out of the computer$ Bithout it the computer is as useless as a person whosas: O% had a great idea but % wonOt tell ou$O*he machiner inside a computer is called hardware$ *he programmes that control a computer are the software$

 I.$ormulati 1D intrebari referitoare la text. II. 0ead t+e text about computers and fmd out :  what each part of the computer is used for

0 what the difference is between:

a) processor and memor

 b)input sstem and output sstemc) hardware and software$

0$SS#N 2

JG

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 M* B%D*/S $ERS%NAL C%M$UTER

  +ave ou ever thought that a human being is the owner of the best personal computer in the world and that ou arecarring it with ou wherever ou areD -cientists have been studing the brain for a long time and the still have morequestions than answers$ *heir opinions differ but the all agree that the human brain is a marvellous and fascinating thing$

7ne thing that makes the brain so special is its ama!ing complexit like that of a computer$ 6o other part of our bod can perform as man functions as the brain can$ %t controls the bod# stores data in the form of memories# andcreates: thoughts# dreams# ideas# emotions# and moods$ Bhile we are asleep the brain makes sure that the internal organs#the liver# kidnes# heart# continue to work$ -o# the brain works non'stop# da and night# all our lives$

nother fascinating thing about the brain is its perfect structure$ %t consists of a mass of soft gre matter (M bil'lion nerve cells) inside the head and is divided into two hemispheres which are connected b the corpus callosum$ *hetwo halves can operate quite independentl of one another and have developed areas of specialisation and differentabilities$ *he >eft 8rain controls: logic# language# reasoning# facts# numbers# and the movements of the right'hand side ofthe bod$ *he 1ight 8rain controls: emotion# music# images and imagination# dreams# rhthm# colour# da'dreaming# facerecognition# and the movements of the left'hand side of the bod$ Aor most people the left hemisphere is more powerfulthan the right one$ *hat is wh L ^ of people are right'handed$ %n creative artists (painters# writers# etc$) the righthemisphere is more dominant$ *hese distinctions are not rigid as each side# to a certain extent# can perform functionswhich we normall associate with the other side$

>ast but not least# scientists are still marvelling at our brainOs high potential$ *heir findings indicate that the braincan take M new bits of information ever second for an entire lifetime and still be not more than half full$ *on 8u!anand *erence &ixon published the results of their research in a book called T+e volving rain." %n the book# the tell usthat if the brain is used properl# we continue to learn more and more the older we get# although it is perfectl true that wetend to absorb more information when we are oung$

 III.0ead t+e text and sa *+ic+ side of t+e brain is dominant in t+e activities belo*:

7perating a computer G 8ending our left leg

0 Borking out mathematical problems H <oving our right thumb

3 <aking up stories I 1ecognising faces

@1<<1  M%DUL SUB3%NCTIV 

(The S0b50n#ti-e M""&

Definitie:<odul -ubjonctiv arata o actiune sau stare ipotetica# reali!abila sau nu$e$g$:%t’s essential that the should prepare for the test$

Sub;on6tiv:

2.Sinteti6

a)$pre!ent(,resent -ubjunctive)Definitie:actiune sau stare posibila# reali!abila care nu contra!ice realitatea$e$g$:%t’s necessar that she be at the office$F"r4a:S+inf.6urt I,<ou,e,e,it,3e,te4 be

 b)-tre6ut implu(Pat Sub;un6tive)

Definitie:actiuni sau stari contrare realitatii

Forma:,ast *ense.0(exceptie verbul to be care este were la toate persoanele)$% wish he were more careful$(s dori sa fie mai atent)$  'trecut continuu:actiune contara realitatii# in desfasurare in momentul vorbiriiForma 3ere+V-ing

e$g$:% wish he were speaking louder$(s dori sa vorbeasca mai tare)$6).perfe6t(Sub;un6tive PatII)

Definitie:actiune ireala#contrara unei realitati trecute$e$g$:% wish % had seen that film$(s dori sa fi va!ut acel film)$Forma:a*+V5

e$g$:%f he had known the truth he would have acted differentl$1.Analiti6

JH

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Definitie:exprima actiuni sau stari ipotetice(indoiala# presupunere# conditie# concesie# scop)e$g$:-he spoke louder so thateverbod might hear her$Forma:verb mo*al+toV au infinitiv perfe6t(ave+V5)

% ask(sa intreb)# % asked(sa intreb)# % had asked(sa fi intrebat)

 LESS%N '> 

rin an* bear it=

 I.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

a) Bhich are our five favourite tpes of filmD b) +ow do ou choose films ou see or watchD

%f ou like fantas'comedies# then  ultiplicit is definitel the film for ou$ %t is a 5olumbia ,ictures production#directed b +arold 1amis and with <ichael ]eaton as the leading actor$

*he film is set in the =- and tells the amusing stor of a businessman# &oug ]inne# who tries cloning as asolution to the problems of stress in modern life$ %t all starts when &oug figures out that he does not have the time orenerg to come to terms with his demanding job and famil life$ &r 7wen >eeds# &ougOs friend# advises him to have his personalit split and cloned$

%n the beginning &oug rejects this strange idea# but afterwards he thinks it a tempting solution to his problems$ %nthe end# after much hesitation# he accepts that three clones should be made# reproducing his appearance and three different

sides of  his personalit$ *he first clone multiplies the child in him and is supposed to pla with his kids$ *he second onereproduces the genius in him and is to work at his office$ *he third clone represents the loving husband in him and has tomake his wife happ$

*hings go well at first# but not for long$ *o his great surprise and our amusement# bitter humour# he finds out thatnone of  his clones has obeed his orders and that he has become a stranger to his wife and children$

 ultiplicit is a film which makes ou think and laugh at the same time# with plent of  surprise and suspense$ %t iswell acted and superbl directed$ %t has a theme relevant to the modern world: cloning# and a meaningful message: thedangers of   plaing @od$ % strongl recommend this box'office success to ou$ II.$ormulati 1D intrebari referitoare la text.

 LESS%N '? 

 An Alternati-e Cin&erella b Mae-e Bin#h

  7654 =,76 *%<4 there were three sisters who lived with their widowed father$ *he two eldest ran a beaut parlour$ *he were both interested in finding a rich husband$ *he oungest daughter# whose name was 5inderella# lookedafter the house$ 5inderella did not mind too much as she was doing a correspondence course in accountanc andmarketing$

round that time the newspapers were full of stories about a big part that was going to be held at the palace$ %twas said that the prince# a real plabo# wanted to find a wife and settle down$ Arom the moment the heard about the ballthe two eldest sisters spent das and das tring to make themselves look beautiful$ s for 5inderella# she didnOt have theslightest interest in going to the ball$ Bhat reall appealed to her was how to get some mone to start her own business-o she decided to enter a competition in a womanOs maga!ine because it offered some good cash pri!es$

7ne morning# while she was doing some work for her accountanc course# there was a knock at the door$ -heopened it and saw an extraordinar woman standing there with a ridiculous'looking tiara on her head$ *he woman# who

called herself Aair @odmother or A@ for short# told 5inderella that sheOd won first pri!e# a charm course# in the maga!inecompetition sheOd entered$ %n return for the pri!e she would have to dress up in lots of fine clothes and be driven to the palace where sheOd spend the night at the ball and be photographed for the womanOs maga!ine$

*he big da arrived and a shin 1olls 1oce came to pick her up$ *he man from the car hire firm said he wasonl on dut until midnight$ <oments later a woman arrived bringing a fur coat and a diamond necklace which would be 5inderellaOs just for the evening$ Bhen she turned up at the palace# the king told her about his financial problems5inderella suggested lots of was of making mone: reorganising the kitchens# opening the palace to the public and soon$

8 this time it had turned midnight$ *he car hire man drove awa and the woman came to collect her fur coat andnecklace$ *he prince# who b this time was hopelessl drunk# took one look at 5inderella and asked her to dance$ -he

JI

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kicked off her glass slippers# which were killing her# and joined him on the dance floor$ -oon afterwards# she left the palace and hitch'hiked home$

*he following da# the newspapers were full of the big stor about the prince who had fallen for a beautiful andmsterious woman who had disappeared$ +er glass slippers# which she had left behind# were the onl clues that wouldlead him to her$ 5inderella saw quite a bit of the prince because she started work at the palace as financial adviser$ %n notime at all the palace was making a profit again$ 6aturall# 5inderella refused to marr the prince but she did help him cutdown on his drinking and involved him in useful social work in the communit$ *he lived happil ever after$

 I.0ead t+e stor again. $ind features of t+is example of a fair tale. %iscuss:' the wa the stor begins and ends

' the use of real and/or imaginar characters

' a problem solved b the hero/heroine

' the fight between good and evil$ II.$ormulati 1D intrebari referitoare la text.

 LESS%N '

 AT T)E AIR$%RT 

C+en a man is tired of ?ondon +e is tired of life" for t+ere is in ?ondon all t+at life can afford. (&r$ -amuel Fohnson)$ +ow do people travel from the 5ontinent to the =]D0$ &o ou think the tunnel under the 5hannel is preferable to other was of getting to @reat 8ritainD @ive reasons$ 3$Bhat could be the advantages and disadvantages of travelling to @reat 8ritain b planeD 1eorder the sentences below to show what passengers do in an airport before boarding a plane$ *he picture under the textwill help ou$$ t the #+ecin #ounter passengers receive a boarding pass which allows them to get on the plane$8$ Bhile waiting in the %eparture ?ounge passengers can visit the %ut$ree -+ops where the can bu goods at acheaper price or the can have refreshments in the bar$5$ Bhen entering the &eparture >ounge all passengers have to go through the -ecurit #+ec" where their hand luggage isalso checked$&$ fter being given the boarding pass# all passengers show their passports for  assport #ontrol.

4$ ,assengers wait in the %eparture ?ounge for their flight to be announced$A$ Bhen arriving at the airport# passengers usuall take a trolle to carr their luggage to the #+ecin #ounter to havetheir bags weighed and taken to the plane$@$ Bhen the hear the announcement for their flight# passengers proceed to the Jate to board the plane$ 0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

 $ +ow do people travel from the 5ontinent to the =]D0$ &o ou think the tunnel under the 5hannel is preferable to other was of getting to @reat 8ritainD @ive reasons$ 3$Bhat could be the advantages and disadvantages of travelling to @reat 8ritain b planeD

,orter# take this suitcase and meet me at the weighing'in desk$% must have m luggage inspected# weighed and labelled/tagget $ % am on the passenger list for flight 6o$ %% $<ake haste$

*he plane is about M take off$*he pilot has alread started all four engines$*he announcer invites the passengers to boardthe plane$ %N T)E $LANE 

<iss/-tewardess/+ostess$$$  $$$will ou show me to m seatD

$$$will ou come up to me and (help me) adjust m safel'beltD*he plane begins$$$$

 $$$to taxi along the runwaN  $$$to pick up speed$ N  Nto climb quickl$ $$$  Nto gain heightNBe are in the air$

JJ

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% can still see the people who have come to see us off$*he are looking upwards$$$$

 $$$waving their hands$$$$fluttering their handkerchiefs$

Bhat altitude are we fling atDBe must be to 0 MMM metres alread$Bh are we not up an higherDBe are approaching the summit of a range of mountains$*here comes the stewardess$ >unch is being served$-he looks ver smart in her uniform$% sa please# what am % to do if % feel sickD Bh# donOt ou feel wellD 6o# not that much$ % am just a bit nervous$ Eou know#itOs the first time %Om fling$

%n case of need ou’ll find a paper bag right in front of our seat$+ave a drinkC Fust a few drops of this$$$ <a % smoke in hereD -moking is forbidden onl while$$$ $$$the plane is on theground$$$$the plane is taking oft$>ook out of the window$ Bhat looks like$$$$$an oval plate is the stadium of the cit$$$$a tin boat is in realit quite a big steamer$%t is more and more difficult to distinguish things under us$Be are entering a cloud$ Be are fling through clouds$ Be are now above the clouds$

*he whole view is blotted out$*he clouds are breaking$ 8elow us and through the gaps we again have a wonderful view$Bhat speed are we fling atD%t doesnOt seem to be going an pace at all$%t seems a trifle monotonous to me$Be are now fling a speed of over MMM km per hour$% cannot hear the noise of the engines$*his is a soundproof cabin$% cannot see the propellers$ *his is a turbojet plane$ Be are beginning to descend$*he highroads# the steeples of the churches# the roofs of the houses are coming into view$

*he pilot$$$$$$steers eastward towards$$$

 $$$brings the plane down so low that we wonder it does not touch the treetops$*he plane is landing$*he plane is circling over the airfield$*he pilot makes a perfect landing$ *he steps are driven up$ *he passengers begin to alight$&id ou enjo travelling b airD+ave ou been airsickD &id ou hit an air'pocketsD 6o# nothing of the kind$

7nl once$$$$$$we ran into an air'pocket and the plane began rocking a little$$$$the plane was delaed on account of a heav storm$+ave ou ever travelled b planeDir travel is nowadas as seif as travelling b train$

*he cost of a ticket is about the same as the first'class railwa fare$

 LESS%N '

 $i#t0res !r"4 the USAK The Gran& Can"n

  ll of us have read stories and seen pictures of the @rand 5anon of the 5olorado 1iver# but the donOt help us to

understand what this region is reall like$ %t is as if we tried to understand music just from reading about it$ 6o scene can equal the @rand 5anon# because there# for a million and a half ears# the great river has been cutting

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through the mountain rocks$*he most impressive part of the 5anon lies within an area of MH square miles (0J3 square kilometers) included in

the @rand 5anon 6ational ,ark$Eou must accept donkes to explore the abss$ 1iding these patient little beasts ou start to descend the trail

towards the 5olorado 1iver# five thousand feet below$ *he weather is cold at the rim$ 6ow# half'wa down it is warm andit becomes warmer and warmer until at the bottom it is hot$ Eou would like to go for a swim and cool off but river roars past with its charge of rocks and sand and mud$

nd this rushing flood is onl three hundred feet wide$ %n it a swimmer will be crushed to death$ nd et peoplehave navigated this angr river from end to end in tough little boats# struggling down in the mudd fload$ *he first andmost famous conqueror of this river is <ajor ,owell# and the date of his exploit is KIL$ *his 5anon must havefascinated him as he wanted to explore ever inch of it$

*hough he had onl one arm# having lost the other in the 5ivil Bar he resolved to launch a boat in the headwatersof the river# and travelled down the entire length of the 5anon$ 4verbod tried to persuade not to go$ *he %ndians evensaid that the river disappeared completel at times into underground chanels$ 8ut ,owell was deaf to all warnings$ Biththree boats and nine men he pushed off from the sore# far to the north# in the state of Boming# hundreds of miles abovethe 5anon# on what was to be a trul heroic adventure$

Aor ninet das this brave little fleet floated through whirpools# waterfalls# carried b the wild and mercilesscurrent$ *he threat of disaster was alwas there# and the roar of the water never ceased$ -everal times the boats were

overturned$ *he men with all their equipment and all their food supplies# remained watersoaked for das on end$ hundred times these men escaped from what seemed certain death$ 8ut there was no turning back an longer$=nfortunatel three of the men accompaning <ajor ,owell were not so strong'willed as their companions and

after twelve weeks of constant battle to keep alive the came to the end of their strength and courage$*he announced that the were going to leave and that the would tr to climb the mile'high cliffs and take their

chances of reaching the desert above# rather than continue down toward sure death$ <ajor# ,owell let them go andwatched them crawling up the 5anon wall until the disappeared$

*he three men with desperate efforts actuall reached the top but this happiness was brought to a terrible end%ndians# distrusting white men# and believing that these were onl three more who had come to rob them sei!ed theexhaused men and put them to death$

nd# the ver da the died# <ajor ,owell and the other six courageous men were suddenl shot out of the southentrance of the 5anon into the quiet waters of the lower river$

1.0aspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari!

$ Bhere do the most impressive parts of the 5anon lieD0$ +ow can we reach the 5olorado 1iverD3$ Bho was the first conqueror of this dangerous riverD G$+ow did he organi!e his expedition down the 5olorado 1iverDH$ Bhat hardships did the meet with while floating on the 1iverD I$ Bere all of them as strong'willed as <ajor ,owell wasDJ$ Bhat happened to the three men

C%N3UGAREA SIM$LA A UNUI VERB REGULAT (SIM$LE C%N3UGATI%N %F A REGULAR VERB

T% AS7 (A INTREBA 

 DlATEZA ACTIVA (ACTIVE V%ICE

 INFINITIV (INFINITIVE

JL

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 rezent &resent) erfect&perfect)

to ask (a intreba) to have asked (a fi intrebat)

 $ARTICI$IU ($ARTICI$LE

 rezent &resent) Trecut &ast) erfect &erfect)

asking (intreband) asked (intrebat) having asked (%ntreband)  M%DUL INDICATIV (INDICATIVE M%%D

 rezent &resent) Trecut &ast Tense)

% ask (intreb) % asked (intrebam# intrebai# am intrebat)ou ask ou askedhe/ she/ it asks he/ she/ it askedwe ask we askedou ask ou askedthe ask the asked rezent erfectHresent erfect Trecut perfectHast erfect 

% have asked (am intrebat) ou have askedhe/ she/ it has asked

we have askedou have askedthe have asked

(iitor &$uture)

% shall ask (voi intreba) ou will ask  he/ she/ it will ask we shall ask ou will ask the will ask 

(iitorul in trecut &$uture in t+e ast)

% should ask (voi intreba) ou would ask he/ she/ it would askwe should ask 

% had asked (intrebasem)

ou had askedhe/ she/ it had asked

we had askedou had askedthe had asked

(iitor perfect &$uture erfect)

% shall have asked (voi fi intrebat)ou will have askedhe/ she/ it will have askedwe shall have askedou will have askedthe will have asked

(iitorul perfect al trecutului &$uture erfect in t+e ast)% should have asked (voi fi intrebat)ou would have askedhe/ she/ it would have askedwe should have askedou would have askedwe should have asked 

 M%DUL SUB3%NCTIV (SUB3UNCTIVE M%%D

% ask (sa intreb) % asked (sa intreb) % had asked

ou ask ou asked ou had askedhe/ she/ it ask he/ she/ it asked he/ she/ it had askedwe ask we asked we had askedou ask ou asked ou had askedthe ask the asked the had asked

 M%DUL C%NDITI%NAL(C%NDITI%NAL M%%D

 rezent &resent) erfect &erfect)

% should ask (as intreba) % should have asked (as fi intrebat)ou would ask ou would have asked

KM

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he/ she/ it would ask he/ she/ it would have askedwe should ask we should have askedou would ask ou would have askedthe would ask the would have asked

 M%DUL IM$ERATIV (IM$ERATIVE M%%D

 ,ersoana a %%'a sg$ si pl$ askC (%ntreabaC %ntrebatiC)

  DIATEZA $ASIVA ($ASSIVE V%ICE INFINITIV (INFINITIVE

 rezent &resent)to be asked (a fi intrebat)

   erfect erfect  to have been asked ? a fi fost intrebat

 $ARTICI$IU $ARTICI$LE 

 rezent& &resent) Trecut &ast)

 being asked(fiind intrebat) asked(intrebat) 

 erfect& &erfect)

having been asked

 M%DUL INDICATIV (INDICATIVE M%%D

 rezent &resent) Trecut &ast Tense)% am asked (sunt intrebat) % was asked (eram #fusei# fui# am fost) intrebat)ou were asked ou were askedheC -he/it was asked he/she/it askedwe were asked we were askedou were asked ou were askedthe were asked the were asked

 rezent perfect &resent erfect)

% have been asked (am fost intrebat)ou have been askedhe/ she/ it has been asked

we have been askedou have been askedthe have been asked

(iitor &$uture)

% shall be asked (voi fi intrebat)ou will be askedwe shall be asked

he/ she/ it will be asked we shall be askedou will be askedthe will$ be asked

(iitorut in trecut 

 &$uture in t+e ast)

% should be asked (voi fi intrebat)ou would be askedhe/ she/ it would be asked we should be askedou would be asked the would be asked

 ai muftcaperfect &ast erfect)

% had been asked (fusesem intrebat)ou had been askedhe/ she/ it had been askedwe had been askedou had been askedthe had been asked

(iitor perfect &$uture erfect)

% shall have been asked (voi fi fost intrebat)ou will have been askedhe/ she/ it will have been askedwe shall have been askedou will have been askedthe will have been asked

(iitorut perfect at trecututui

&$uture erfect in t+e ast)

% should have been asked (voi fi fost intrebat)ou would have been askedhe/ she/ it would have been askedwe should have been askedou would have been askedthe would have been asked

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  M%DUL SUB3%NCTIV (SUB3UNCTIVE M%%D

% be asked (sa fiu intrebat) % were asked(sa fiu intrebat) % had been asked (sa fi fost intrebat)ou be asked ou were asked ou had been askedhe/she/it be asked he/she/it were asked he/she/it had been askedwe be asked we were asked we had been askedou be asked ou were asked ou had been askedthe be asked the were asked the had been asked

 M%DUL C%NDITI%NAL (C%NDITI%NAL M%%D

 rezent &resent)

% should be asked (as fi intrebat)ou would be askedhe/she/it would be askedwe should be askedou would be askedthe would be asked

 erfect &erfect) $% should have been asked (as fi fost intrebat)ou would have been askedhe/she/it would have been askedwe would have been askedou would have been askedthe would have been asked

 M%DUL IM$ERATIV (IM$ERATIVE M%%D

 ersoana a IIa sg. ersoana a IIa pl.

 be askedC (fi intrebatC) be askedC (fiti intrebatiC)

C%N3UGAREA C%NTINUA A UNUI VERB REGULAT 

(C%NTINU%US C%N3UGATI%N %F A REGULAR VERB T% AS7 (A INTREBA

 DIATEZA ACTIVA (ACTIVE V%ICE

 INFINITIV (INFINITIVE

 rezent &resent)

% am asking (a intreba) erfect &erfect)

to have been asking (a fi intrebat)

"#D'0 INDI/AIV (INIDI/AIV$ "##D)

 rezent &resent) Trecut &ast Tense)

% am asking (intreb) % was asking (intrebam)ou are asking ou were askinghe/ -he/ it is asking he/she/it was askingwe are asking we were askingou are asking ou were asking

the are asking the were asking rezent perfect &resent erfect)

 % have been asking (intreb) ou have been asking he/-he/ it has been asking we have been asking ou have been asking*he have been asking

Trecut perfect &ast erfect)

% had been asking (intrebam)ou had been askinghe/ she/it had been askingwe had been askingou had been askingthe had been asking

(iitor perfect &$uture erfect)   % shall have been asking (voi fi intrebat)

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ou will have been askinghe/she/ it will have been askingwe shall have been askingou will have been askingthe will have been asking(iitor &$uture)

% shall be asking (voi intreba)ou will be askingheC -he/ it will be askingwe shall be askingou will be askingthe will be askin

(iitorul in trecut 

&$uture in t+e ast)% should be asking (voi intreba)ou would be askinghe/ -he/ it would be askingwe should be askingou would be askingthe would be asking

(iitorul perfect at trecututui

&$uture erfect in t+e ast)% should have been asking (voi fi intrebat)ou would have been askinghe/ -he/ it would have been askingwe should have been askingou would have been askingthe would have been as

 M%DUL SUB3%NCTIV (SUB3UNCTIVE M%%D

% be asking (sa intreb) % were asking (sa intreb) % had been asking (sa fi intrebat)ou be asking ou were asking ou had been asking

he/she/it be asking he/she/it were asking  he/she/it had been askingwe be asking we were asking we had been askingou be asking ou were asking ou had been askingthe be asking the were asking the had been asking

 M%DUL C%NDITI%NAL (C%NDITI%NAL M%%D

 rezent &resent) erfect &erfect)

% should be asking (as intreba) % should have been asking (as fi intrebat)ou would be asking ou would have been askinghe/she/it would be asking he/she/it would have been askingwe should be asking we should have been asking

ou would be asking ou would have been askingthe would be asking the would have been asking

 M%DUL IM$ERATIV (IM$ERATIVE M%%D

 be askingC (intreabaC)

 DIATEZA $ASIVA ($ASSIVE V%ICE

 M%DUL INDICATlV (INDICATIVE M%%D

 rezent &resent) Trecut &ast Tense)% am being asked (sunt intrebat) % was being asked (eram intrebat)ou are being asked ou were being askedhe/she/it is being asked he/she/it was being askedwe are being asked we were being askedou are being asked ou were being askedthe are being asked the were being asked

 M%DUL SUB3%NCTIV (SUB3UNCTIVE M%%D

% were being asked (sa fiu intrebat)ou were being asked

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he/she/it were being askedwe were being askedou were being askedthe were being asked

 LIST %F IRREGULAR VERBS 

%6A%6%*%.4 ,-* ,-* ,1*%5%,>4*o be was been 'a fi*o beat beat beaten 'a bate# a invinge*o become became become 'a deveni*o blow blew blown 'a bate*o bet bet bet 'a paria*o break broke broken 'a (se) sparge# a rupe*o bring brought brought 'a aduce*o build built built a construi*o bu bought bought 'a cumpara*o catch caught caught 'a prinde*o choose chose chosen 'a alege*o come came come 'a veni*o cost cost cost 'a costa*o cut cut cut 'a taia

*o do did done 'a face*o drink drank drunk 'a bea*o drive drove driven 'a conduce*o eat ate eaten 'a manca*o feel felt felt 'a simti*o find found found ' a afla*o forget forgot forgotten ' a uita*o give gave given 'a da*o go went gone ' a merge*o have had had ' a avea*o know knew known 'a sti# a cunoaste*o learn learnt/learned learnt/learned 'a invata

*o leave left left 'a parasi*o make made made 'a face*o meet met met 'a intalni*o read read read 'a citi*o sa said said 'a spune*o see saw seen 'a vedea*o send sent sent ' a trimite*o sleep slept slept ' a dormi*o tell told told ' a spune