Lb. Engleza Lectia2

8/12/2019 Lb. Engleza Lectia2

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Lecia 2:Articol

ul

Pentru ca un substantiv sa capete nteles ntr-opropozitie oarecare, acesta trebuie sa fie nsotitde un determinant substantival. Cel mai desfolosit determinant substantival este articolul.Articolele se pot clasifica dupa cum urmeaza:

Articolul hotart - the Articolul nehotart - a / an

Articolul zero (forma implicita sauneexprimata

Articolele sunt forme invariabile, adica nu seschimba n functie de numarul sau !enulsubstantivului si se aseaza n fata substantivuluideterminat.

2.1. Articolul hotart (the)

Articolul hotart se foloseste: "naintea unui substantiv care a mai fost

mentionat n contextul respectiv#x.:An elephant and a mouse fell in love.The mouse loved the elephant's long

trunk, and the elephant loved the mouse's

tiny nose. Atunci cnd att vorbitorul ct si

ascultatorul cunosc notiunea exprimata desubstantiv, desi nu a mai fost mentionat n

context.#x.: - Where's the bathroom? - It's on thefirst floor.

"n propozitii sau fraze n care definim sauidentificam anumite persoane sau obiecte:#x.: The man we met yesterday at thebus station. The girl in red is her


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neighbor. $eferitor la obiecte pe care le consideram

unice:#x.: the earth, the sun, the moon, thestars

Ann is in the garden the garden of this

house!. "naintea superlativului sau numeralelor

ordinale first, se"ond, thirds, etc si only:#x.: the best day, the first week, the last"hapter, the only way

"naintea unor ad%ective pentru a te referin !eneral la un !rup de oameni care au ncomun o anumita nsusire (sunt frumosi,

tineri, batrni, %aponezi, etc:#x.: the young, the beautiful, the old, thebest, the #apanese, the $ritish

&ume de locuri !eo!rafice, oceane, ruri,mari, deserturi, munti, re!iuni:#x.: the %aribbean, the &ahara, the

Atlanti" 'e foloseste naintea unor nume proprii

(muzee, institutii celebre, hoteluri, ziare,orchestre, !rupuri muzicale, vapoare,nume de famili la plural,etc:#x.: the ational (allery, the )oyal&hakespeare, the &avoy, the $eatles, the

&pi"e (irls, the (uardian, the Telegraph,the *aily, the Titani", the Tower of

+ondon, the ouse of arliament, the

&miths ecade, secole, !rupe de ani:

#x.: y parents went to /niversity in the

seventies.

2.2. Articolul nehotart (a / an)

'e foloseste anaintea substantivelor care ncepcu o consoana si annaintea substantivelor care

ncep cu o vocala (a, e, i, o, u#x.: a boy, an apple, a "ar, an orange, a house,


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an opera#xceptii: Annainte de un h mut - an hour, an honor. Anainte de usau euatunci cnd se pronunta

ca you: a 0uropean, a university, a unitArticolul nehotart se foloseste:

Pentru a te referi la ceva pentru primadata:#x.: Would you like a drink? I've finallygot a good 1ob.

Pentru a te referi la un anume membru alunui !rup sau clase:#xemple:

o

cu nume de profesii:#ohn is anengineer. ary is training to be anurse.

o cu nationalitati si reli!ii:#ohn is an0nglishman. 2ate is a %atholi".

o cu instrumente muzicale: &herlo"kolmes was playing a violin when

the visitor arrived.o cu numele zilelor: I was born on a

Thursday.o pentru a desemna un fel de, sau un

exemplu de: The mouse had a tinynose. It was a very strange "ar

o cu substantice la sin!ular, dupacuvinte cum ar fi whatsi su"h: Whata bluff3 e is su"h a prodigious

young man.o atunci cnd te referi la un sin!ur

obiect sau persoana, echivaleaza cuone: I'd like an orange and twolemons please. The burglar took a

diamond ne"kla"e and a valuable

painting. $etineti ca se spune a hundred, a

thousand, a million.


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2.3. a / ansi one

Atunci cnd numeri sau masori timpul,distanta, !reutatea, etc. se poate folosi fie

a/anfie onepentru sin!ular:#x.: a 4 one pound, a 4 one million pounds5ou "an take an4 one hour for lun"h.

ar a4ansi onenu nseamna ntotdeaunaacelasi lucru:#x.:A bo6 is no good. We need a "ratenot a bo6!.

7ne bo6 is no good, we need two bo6es.

2.4. Articolul zero

&u se foloseste articol n urmatoarele cazuri:Cu nume de tari (la sin!ular#x.: (ermany is an important e"onomi"

power.

e's 1ust returned from Argentina. ("nsa: I'm visiting the /nited &tatesne6t week.

Cu numele limbilor:#x.: 8ren"h is spoken in Tahiti.0nglish uses many words of +atin origin.

Cu numele meselor:#x.: +un"h is at midday. *inner is in the evening.

$reakfast is the first meal of the day. Cu numele persoanelor (la sin!ular:

#x.:#ohn's "oming to the party. (eorge 2ing is my un"le.

("nsa: We're having lun"h with the

organs tomorrow. Cu titluri si nume:

#x.: rin"e %harles is 9ueen 0li:abeth'sson.

resident 2ennedy was assassinated in

*allas.

*r. Watson was &herlo"k olmes'


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friend. ("nsa: the 9ueen of 0ngland, the ope.

upa cazul posesiv format cu 's:#x.: is sister's "ar. +aura's basket.

Cu numele profesiilor:06.; 0ngineering is a useful "areer.

e'll probably go into medi"ine. Cu nume de ma!azine:

#x.: I'll get the "ard at &mith's. %an you go to $oots for me?

Cu ani:#x.: was a wonderful year. *o you remember


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$ill is BBBB author. e writes

BBB travel books. e makes

BBBB lot of money. We had

BBBB lun"h with him

yesterday. It was BBBB e6"ellent lun"h.The meal "ost him BBBB hundred and

BBBB fifty pounds. What BBBB e6pensive

restaurant3 e gave the waiter BBBB

twenty pounds. That was BBBB good tip.

2.Ale!e asau the:7ne day we set out to "limb C! a4the

highest hill in the area. The "ampers in

C! a4the ne6t tent lent us their map.

They told us to follow one of C! a4theroutes marked on C! a4the map. $ut Tom

said that he was sure that there was C!

a4the better way. C! A4the way that we

"hose was so steep that we had to stop

for C! a4the long rest on the way up. $ut

we got to C! a4the top in C! a4the end.

3.Completeaza cu theacolo unde estecazul:

We have BBBB soup for BBBBsupper. AfterBBBB meal Tom and I play BBBB "hess. $ill

prefers BBBB "ards. BBBB game he likes

best is bridge. e says that BBBB "hess

reDuires BBBB patien"e and he is not

patient. e also says that BBBBlife is too

short to waste in this way.

Lb. Engleza Lectia2

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