Gherea C D - Studii Critice (Cartea)

7/23/2019 Gherea C D - Studii Critice (Cartea)

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Constantin

STUDII CRITICEDOBROGEANU-GHEREA


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CUPRINS

Not[ asupra edi\iei .........................................................................................2Tabel cronologic..............................................................................................3

PERSONALITATEA +I MORALA }N ART{ ......................................................

ASUPRA CRITICII........................................................................................3!TENDEN"IONISMUL +I TE#ISMUL }N ART{..............................................!$DECEP"IONISMUL }N LITERATURA ROM%N{...........................................&2CAU#A PESIMISMULUI }N LITERATUR{ +I 'IA"{...................................(((ASUPRA CRITICII META)I#ICE +I CELEI +TIIN"I)ICE .............................((ASUPRA ESTETICII META)I#ICE +I +TIIN"I)ICE .....................................(*!DEALURILE SOCIALE +I ARTA .................................................................2(

ASUPRA MI+C{RII LITERARE +I +TIIN"I)ICE .........................................2,MUNCA CREATOARE +I MUNCA-EERCI"IU ...........................................2!2DL PANU ASUPRA CRITICII +I LITERATURII ............................................2$2

Aprecieri.....................................................................................................323


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T/t0 s 11o45 467 Constantin Do81o9an4-G:1a; Studii critice; I; Eit41ant14 0it1at416 0 o1to91a-i5 @n i9oa1 51iti5ii; stti5ii @n 0o5 51iti5i; stti-

5i


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3Studii critice

TABEL CRONOLOGIC

21 maiS na a61at Constan-n Cass @n sat40 S0aanFa; 941n6>?nt40 EFat1inos0a R4sia.2-(*!$ Constantin Do81o9an4-G:1a @na=6 0a a16 in sat40 na-a0; aoi 0a 9i>nai40 in EFat1inos0a.2 A0at @n 5on0i5t 54 a4to1it6=i0 nai40 0i56 @n a5tiitata 1o04=iona16; iin 41>61it o0i=i.MartieA4tat 1itni; Constantin Do81o9an4-G:1a t15 91ani=a isi4n o0iti56. }n >ai s @ntoa15a Ia>814 a0 515404i 1o04=iona1 in o1a?na '1>a no46; 46 5a1 o19ania6 nt14 C145a 1o


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4 Constantin %obrogeanu&'erea

(** Constantin Do81o9an4-G:1a 480i56; @nt?i @n Rista so5ia06; aoi @n81o404i; Cont>o1an40; Ro>?n40.(**! P480i56 a1ti5o00 C[tre dnul Maiorescuo1an40 aa1 a1ti5o00 04i Constantin Do81o9an4-G:1a

%ecep\ionismul $n literatura rom`n[+ ,minescu+ Critica criticiio1an40 a1ti5o00 04i Constantin Do81o9an4-G:1a

%irec\ia Contemporanului0olul p[turii culte $ntrans/orm[rile sociale+ Concep\ia materialist[ a istoriei+ Tactica liberal[.

P480i56 intns @n D>o51a=ia so5ia06; C1iti5a so5ia06; M4n5a.(*&3 Din i15to1 a0 1isti Lit1at416 4n5ito1i0o1 in Ro>?nia s4nt 5on4s Constantin Do81o9an4-G:1a.

(*& Contin46 5o0a8o1a1a intns6 0a A6140; Lit1at416 a no46; A0>ana:40 so5ia0->o51at;=in 5on1in=0Arta tenden\ioas[+ Teoria salariilor+ *roblemele iarului ilnic.Aa1 81o


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5Studii critice

PERSONALITATEA +I MORALA }N ART{

D0 Maio1s54 a 480i5at @n Con"orbirio46 51iti5i 0it1a1; 4nan n4>6140 in st>81i ii0o1 04i Ca1a9ia0; un fel de r[spuns51iti5i0o1654t a5sto1 5o>ii; ?no46 a1ti5o00 a4 ost 1i->it 5?t s oat 8in @nt1a9a 1s6 1o>?n6 o1tan=a n6tata 0o1. N44t> 5?t s6 n 845416>; 0 n6tata -sa0 nsi0s5 s6-i 515t6> 611i0 at 0a 04>in6. +i ni s 51 as>-na ana0i6 >ai >40t 5?t o1i54i; nt14 56 s51is -s1 5o>ii0 04i Ca1a9ia0; nt14 56 611i0 a4to1404i s4ntn 4n0 1iin= 1otini5 611i0o1 noast1 . Citito1ii no o1i 5a>>40t 0a ana0ia 4no1 1a; a194>nt61i; @n5:i1i 0o9i5; a1oas @n >i5i0 a1ti5o0 a0 04i Maio1s54K 565i 5itin s51i1anoast16 ?n6 0a s?1innt40 51iti5 atin9 5:stiins4s @ns>nat 54 a1ti5o040 as41a 5o>ii0o1 04i Ca1a9ia0. A> is

56 @nt1-@ns40 s4nt >40t 611i; 5a1 n4 0 1i>i> 0o5; a1

t184i s6 >ai a6496> 56 s4nt a0t0; 54 5a1 n 4ni> @n tot40;8a s4nt s51is as4-

CUPRINS


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1a 04i Ca1a9ia0. +i noi i5> 56 0451a1a 04i Ca1a9ia0 sto1i9ina06; si noi 51> s1 5o>ii0 04i 56 4n s5n65?ta ti41i in ia=a noast16 so5ia06 ast6i 40t >ai >a1 5?t 51 4nii 51iti5i; ; as>na; 56s51i1i0 04i Ca1a9ia0 s4nt >40t >ai s4s 5?t >0o1a>01an5 0 isto1i5o-at1ioti5o-na=iona0. N 4ni>


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7Studii critice

4n 4an a0 a1ti; @nos8i a0 oii ati5. D5a oiii0 54 intn=ii o0iti5 a5t4a0; o0 0a i0 so0>n;o>oi=ii0 tat1a0 nt14 90o1ii561i inasti5 t5. s4nt o si>4-

a1 a a1ti; a1 n4 a1t6 a61at6.Esn=a a5stia st a i o i5=i4n ia06; 5a1 s5oat o>40 i>1siona8i0 @n aa16 ai 1s4s int1s0 04>iii0ni5; o1i5?t >a1i a1 i @n a0t 1ii1i.C:ia1 at1iotis>40; 50 >ai i>o1tant si>=6>?nt nt14 5-6=an40 4n4i stat @n a5=i4ni0 sa0 5t6=an; n4 a1 5 564ta @n1t6 5a at1iotis> a-:o5; 565i o1i5 a>inti1 1a06 int1s 1a5ti5

ni>i5o=i4na stti56.E/ist6 @n toat 1a>0 04i Co1ni00 4n sin941 1s at1io-is> 1an5 Est @n Ra5in 1o 50a>a1 na=iona06 Est @n

Mo0i1 Est @n S:aFsa1 Est @n Got:+i a56 n4 0 a1 Co1ni00 n40 . .

in B4541 noiS48i5t40 oat s6 i 04at in 1a0itata oo1404i; a1 t1ata-

a n4 oat s6 i 5?t ia0-a1tisti56; 616 ni5i o 1o54a11a5ti56.P1in 41>a1; o is6 tat14 54 i15t6 tnin=6 >o1a06; ai564 4n1a intn=ionat6 a 4no1 @n6=6t41i >o1a0 @n 941a 4ni

1soan; s1 a 0 1oa9a @n 480i5 5a @n6=6t41i; st i>o1a06n @n=0s40 a1ti; iin56 a14n56 s5tato1i in >o=i4na i>-

1sona06 a i5=i4nii a1tisti5 @n 04>a 1a06 54 51in=0 i; 404i; 4nt4n5i 54 toat6 @n6=6t41a s5n6 int1s0 o1ina1?ai o 4t1ni56 >o=i4n i>1-ona06 oat a5 o> s6 s 4it sin a1;

o sta1 s40tas56 ina55si8i06 9ois>404i; 5a1 st 1665inao1i5614i 164.Aati56 a1 s6 /4n6 5on0i5t0; i t1a9i5;i 5o>i5; @nt1 si>=i1i0 n


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tat 541at6; @n5?t o a1t s6 n oat6 >o=iona 1in o i5=i4na 1a0it6=ii; ia1 a0ta s6 n @na0= @nt1-o 04> i>1sona06.6 A> 11o4s o a9in6 @nt1a96 in a1ti5o040 04i Maio1s54;

n1t14 56 a 5a1a5t1ia6 oa1t 8in >o40 -sa0 a s51iK a0t6 a1t; o ata1 @>0ti1 >taii56 ni5i n4 oat i s4s654 54int0 noast1 86 06>41it6. }n a61; toat a5-st i5=i4ni ia0; >o=i4ni i>1sona0; @n60=a1 i>1so-na06; 04> i>1sona06; i5=i4ni a1tisti5; insi1a1 i>1-sona06; t1anso1ta1a @n 04>a 541at6 a i5=i4ni0o1ot s6@nt4n5 5:ia1 ai 0i>K a1 @n 5:stii 0it1a1;5a1 46 0 Maio1s54; s4nt at?t 910; toat a5st i5=i4ni 1sona0it6=i ot; 50 >40t; s6 5?taii5; >ai s4nt o18a >o=i4n i>1sona06 E>o=i4ni0 s4nt @n 9-n1a0 5?t s oat 1sona0; nt14 56 s4nt 41>a1a 4nia=?=61i n1oas 5a1 s t15 @nt1-4n o19anis> inii4a0; @nt1-o1soan6. D as>na i>1sona06+ insi1a1 n1so-

na06 a i5=i4ni0o1 a1 i t184it >ai 8in 06sat n>=i0o1; 561o1a 00a5 at?t >40t o18 40 1665ina o1i5614i 164. Da56 si>=6>int0 404i o>-ns5; 1in 41>a1 nt0 ai 84n606>41i1. O 5as6 a1; 4 s4nt @nt1-@nsa. }n a=a 1i>ii si>t o>o=i4n 5a1 >6 @>in9 s6 s5a in o5. A5ast6 >o=i4n a6 s4nt 9oist. A0t />04. O 5as6 a1; @nt1-@nsast 5in40 >4. }n a=a 1i>ii @n 5a1 0; oi aa o >o-=i4n 6 o1 a5 s6 >6 a14n5 @n o5; Con"orbiri literare+n1. !; an. I ; . !$.

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9Studii critice

n?n4->i @n 1i>i ia=a nt14 a-0 s56a. E>o=i4na i o1 0isi snti-nt0 9oist; 9ois>40 5a1 >6 a5 s6 s5a in o5; a< a1 @n

s6; 40 a1 0isi 0a to=i iniiii; toat6 o>ni1a a11i @nt1-4n 0 oa15a1. Tot a0a a56 a1 0isi 54t40 snti>nt0 a0t14ist. A0 41>a640; 40 ot i >o1a0. N4 515t6> 5a1 in

>?no46 >ai >40t ai 4=in. Est 1in 41>a1 9140 st 1665ina o1i5614i 164. Pnt14 a oitot40 na6140 a5sti 1a; 4t> a i0 56 >40t 10

t aa 1665ina @n a0t14is>. Ia1 a56 9ois>40 n4 1665inai5614i 164; at4n5i 1o040 a1ti; 5a1; 46 0 Maio1s54; a40 s6 n4ai oat6 aa @n1?41i1; n4 s-a1 54ni s6 i n4>it @ntota4nao1a0iato1. Iat6 @nt?ia >ta:n6 @n to1ia 04i Maio1s54.

Da1 9ois>40 /a91at s1 5a1 o>n 164 @n=0s; 4n 9ois> 8o0n6i5ios; ato-

9i5; /a91at s6 n4 oat6 1in5; 1o040 i >o1a0i6to1 a1 i st40 >a1. Da1 ni5i at?ta n4 61at; sa4 50 4=in n4 @ntota4na. Mai @n5o0o o> o18i0a19 s1 5:stia a5asta; ai5a 6> n4>ai 4n />04 5a1oi is0 noast1. Mi0ita1is>40; si1it40 168oini5; 5451i-

1 anist61i0 4n4i 9ois> ato0o9i5040 50 >ai 164. Ro040 04i @n isto1ia o0t61ii o>ni1ii at?t91oa; @n5?t 4n 549t6to1 @ns>nat; H. Sn51; so5oat 56

at n1i5i1i0 5 a4 @nto616ni1ii s ato-s5 >i0ita1is>404i. S6 1s44n> o so5itat @n 5a1 st1665inat6 a5ast6 8oa06 >o1a06; a5st 0 9ois> ato0o9i5;so5itat 541ins6 si1it40 >i0ita1 st145to1; o so5itat 5a1

a4ns @n91oitoa1 nt14 na=ii0 @n5inat. S6 1s44n> 56a5ast6 so5itat 4n a1tist >a1 a 654t 4n ta80o4 5 @n6=i


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o s5n6 >i0ita16; o 1ist6; in6; 5o0o1it t5. C @n1?41i1 a aaa5st ta80o4 as41a a504i 480i5 5a1 E 6it 56 si1it40 >i0ita1; >40=4>it6 a5st4i ta80o4; a5140 ato0o9i5 s a o0ta; ai ta1 s a a1ins?n90 s608ati5; ai >40t a 5o056i t>1a>nt40 st145to1@n a=a >61=i 1ist >i0ita1 @n6=iin4nat6; 5a1 @n 0o5 a t1i o sta1 s40tas56ina55si8i06 9ois>404i; @n 0o5 a @nt61i a1ta 5a 84n6 a na-t41ii o>n40; @nt61n?n at4n5i 54 to-1ia 04i Maio1s54 @n 1iin=a >o1a0it6=ii @n a1t6 C4> 16>?n1aa7 ...a5 o>40 st6?nit a... s6 s 4it sin 5a 1-soan6 a i5=i4nii ia0 La 5a int?i atin9-1 a 51iti5ii; to1ia s ao1a6 @n 04>a i>1sona06. S6ana0i6> >ai a1t. Esn=a a5stia st a i o i5=i4n ia06; 5a1 s5oat

o>40 i>1siona8i0 @n aa16 ai 1s4s int1s0 04>iii0ni5; o1i5?t >a1i a1 i @n a0t 1ii1i. Da56 1s44n> 56int1s0 5a1 st @>1s41at o>40 s4nt @n a61 >a1i @na0t 1ii1i; s1 />04; a56 o>40 >4n5st st6?nit a. Mo1a0itata a1ti a1 i 4n 0 a196 5a1;46 4nii; >o1a0ia6 5oiii 5i 16i; a1 st1i56 5i 84ni.Est na61at as>na 56 a1ta s5oat o>40 i>1sio-na8i0 @n aa16... int1s0 04>ii i0ni5; 56-0 a5 s6-o=i4n i>1so-

na06. A5asta a1 i @nt145?ta a61at s1 >4i56


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11Studii critice

5t416; a56 n4 s a @n0tni5i 54 ia=a oa>ni0o1; 5?n s4916-

a i @n 1iin=a 1a>at419ii. }n aceast[ privin\[ noi cre-em mai degra[ dimpotriv[; 56 a1ta a=?=? @n 91a40 50 >aia0t int1s0 1a0; inii4a0 a50 5a1 s o546;5?n4-n s6 4it6> toat 500a0t. Int1s40 o=i4na 5a t1i @n 480i5omeo #i 7ulietao1 i 54 at?t >ai >a1i; 54 5?t50 480i5 a i @n sta1 a i48i; 54 5?t a i48it >ai ta1K ia1t1s40 o=i4na o1 a4n9 0a 540> 0a s5tato1ii a 561o1

8i1 a ost nno1o5it6 5a o1a=i in isai S:aFsa1. Ot:00o a5 >a1 i>1si; nt14 56 @nt1-@ns40 4916a 90oii; 5a1 1oa >ai to=i 6 a >i t15ainta noast16 nno1o5it40 >a41. C?n 190 La1 int16 s5n6

n664it; s>409?n4-o=i4na 5 si>=i>?n a5st 61int n84n in 1i5ina 100o1 5 i-a4 654t

oiii 616 oi a1 a i >o=i4na a504ia; 5a1 sin941 a s41it 154no @n 0o540 n1i5it404i 61int. Da1 5?t n>6s41at6; 5?t s4s6 t184i s6 i 411a 5 1o45 s5na a5asta as41a B0oQ Qins; an 51a5F o41 5:Fs 1a9 B0oQ Co10ia; Co10ia; sta a 0itt0; Ha N1; n1; n1; n1; n1


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1! Constantin %obrogeanu&'erea

4n4i 61int 5a1 a a4t 1oat6 411a s6 sta 0?n96 si51i405oi0404i s64 ai 91oa 54?nt in i5=iona140 o>ns57 Ni5ioat6; ni5ioat6;

ni5ioat6; ni5ioat6; ni5ioat6 Da; ni> @nainta 4ni 045161ia1tisti5; int16> @n tat14 54 int1s0; 54 411i0 noast1; 54s41in=0; 54 41a @n anti5a>16; 0a o1ta1; 54> n 06s6> a0toan0 a4n9 i>1sona0i;a1 @n s5:i>8 a1ta; 5a1 st o i5=i4n ia06; n4 n-a1 a5ni5i o i>1si 40t n-a1 a45 @n 04>a i>1sona06;ai56 n-a1 ao1>i. Da1 oat 0 Maio1s54 @n=09 1in int1s0 04>ii i0ni5int1s0 50 >ai osni5. N4; 0o5; nt14 56 aa4967 ...o1i5?t >a1i a1 i @n a0t 1ii1i ai a1t7 5:ia1 at1iotis>40;50 >ai i>o1tant si>=6>?nt nt14 5t6=an40 4n4i stat... n4

a1 5 564ta @n a1t6 5a at1iotis> a-:o5; 565i o1i5 a>inti1 1a06 int1s 1a5ti5 ni>i5o=i4na stti56. A40; iin 4n40 in snti>nt0 i0ni5; n-a1 5 564ta @n a1t6Da1 54 5 s a @n0tni5i at4n5i a1ta; 5?n @>14n6 54 at1io-tis>40 a a04n9a toat int1s0 04>ii i0ni5 O1i i48i1a n4 4n int1s in 04>a i0ni56; 41a; 90oia; 06461oia; 1684na1a a a5i}n Co1ni00 n4 s4nt; a1 @n 'i5to1 H49o s4nt 40tK n454>a 'i5to1 H49o n4 st ot ai a1t 0 Maio1s54 oat s6 i 04at in

1a0itata oo1404i; a1 t1ata1a n4 oat s6 i 5?t ia0-a1-


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13Studii critice

tisti56. )oa1t a61at; a1 54> 1i>a6 54 50 s51is >ai@naint Da56 s48i5t40 oat s6 i 04at in 1a0itata oo1404i;o1a06; ai56 544n1a intn=ionat6 a 4no1 @n6=6t41i >o1a0 @n 941a 4ni 1-soan s1 a 0 1oa9a @n 480i5 5a @n6=6t41i; st i>o1a06 @n@n=0s40 a1ti; iin56 a14n56 s5tato1i in >o=i4na i>-

1sona06 a i5=i4nii a1tisti5 @n 04>a 1a06... Da56 n-a1 i5 i-in56; a> i o=i4na i>1sona06 a i5=i4niia1tisti5 @n 04>a 1a06; 5i nt14 56 s4nt >in5inoas. C?n @n1a>0 noast1 na=iona0 6;

so0a=ii 5415ani; =61anii; @n 14t0 0a G1ii=a; 1osts5 54?nt61iat1ioti5; aoi 84n6 sa>6 a5st 045161i s4nt a1oia a1ti;n4 a1t6; in5inoas. "61an40 1o>?n n4 =inis541s41i at1ioti5 ni5i ai41a; n54> 5?n >41a 1i9; oa> na @n 1a>0 noast1isto1i5o-at1ioti5-na=iona0; 1oii 1a>0o1 1osts5 o >40=i> 54int at1ioti5; 54int0 =a1a noast16; Ro>?nia; itia

1o>?nas56 n4 >ai 5ontns5. Da1 toat a5st ti41i n4 s4ntoa>ni ii; s4nt >ai a1 i B605s54; a 5614i ini>6 86taa40t 100 =61ii sa0; a0


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5614i 40s 86ta 54 a0 =61ii. A1tist40 5a1 a1 s51i o ast0 1a>6a1 t184i n91404i; nt14 56 a0t>int10a ti40 04i B605s54 n-a1

i a61at; 8a 616 a5st is541s41i ni5i n-a1 4ta i @n=0s @ntota0. A40; 5a anista1a i=ii inii4a0 ai t1ata1a a5st4i s48i5t t184i s6 i @n a61a1tisti56. +i a54>a @nt186>7 5 >ai 16>?n in @ns>nat40 a1ti-5o0 a0 04i Maio1s54 Mai 16>?n @n56 o8i5tiitata 541at6 545a1 a1ta t184i s6 4916as56 04t0 @nt1 si>=i1i0 n1sona0;ot40 t184i s6 /4i si>=i1i0 na i>1-sona06. C?t i>1sona0; 5?t o8i5ti >ai t184i s6 i o-t40 }n a0t 0o5 0 Maio1s54 i57 C65i nt14 o1i5 o> 54 >int-a s6n6toas6 st int 56 o 5o>i n4 a1 ni>i5 a a5 54

o0iti5a a1tiK a4to140 @o1an6 54> st; 4n @n in=6 a1ta 5o>i56 a o96s


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15Studii critice

416 a1tist. C65i nt14 o1i5 o> 54 >inta s6n6toas6; o> i5 51in5ios; 4n a1tist 10i9ios a 4taa5 o sati16 9nia06 @>ot1ia ati0o1; a1 n4 a 4ta a5 o sa-

i16 a61at a1tisti56 @>ot1ia 10i9ii; 5a1 o 51 s?nt6 na 0451a1 i-a1 0isi insi1a=ia; 8a ni5i 5:ia1n-a1 4ta 869a @n sa>6 61=i0 1?s 5a1 4n at4 0-a1 4taa oa1t 4 >ai @ntoa15 0a a5ast6 5:stiK a54> a45> >61t41ia

4n4i @ns>nat 0o9i5ian nt14 a s1iini 611a noast167 Pot40i5 a5st 0o9i5ian st >ai @nt?i toat o inii4a0itat.

D 0a a50a o si>=i1o8i5in4it6; 0 1i>=i1 ait0 4ni si>0 i>1sii a stti56 a >anist61ii; a1 @ns6an-sta1 reproduce caracterul personal f[r[ de care nu poate"ista un adev[rat poet. Din >40t 61=i a0 04>ii 1i>in6; a1 1in >inta 04i 0 n4 t15 nt14 a itins sa4 nt14 a i a4 int1at; 5i s 16s1?n9 @n 1is>a 54a1 0-a @nst1at nat41a ai a1t7 'rtistul nu poate fidec$t p[rtinitor. C?t os8it6 o18a 51iti5404i; 5a1-0it6> ai5a; a 04i Maio1s54 Ai5i n4 >ai st o18a i>1-ona0it6=i. Pot40 st o inii4a0itat; i>1sii0 5 0 1i>404i 541at a0

04i Maio1s54; 50a1?n 5a> o9>ati57 A1tist40 n4 oat i5?t 61tinito1. Est a1 91i 5a1-i sati1a4n4i a1ti n-a1 ni>i5 a a5 54 5onin91i0 o0iti5o-so5ia0 a04to1404i; a56 @n6=i0 inii4a0it6=ii 04i.Da1 5in st 51iti540 n54nos54t; 5a1 0-a> 5itat


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o18


19/94

17Studii critice

:i1a 56 ot40 n4 oat s6 @n=0a96; s6 si>t6 0451a1a a1tis-56 a a0t4i otK at40 56 'o0tai1 n-a @n=0s S:aFsa1 sn1a0ia6 nt14 t184in=a 5a4i. C?=i 51iti5i n-a4 @n=0s

:aFsa1; >ai a0s ti>40 04i 'o0tai1; s1 a5asta n4 s4n ni5i 4n 54?nt. E 1isos; 51>; s6 >ai s4n> 56o1ia 04i Maio1s54 na61at6; 1> 5 ot40 to5>aint14 56-i ot; to5>ai nt14 56-i >ai i>1siona8i0 5?t noia si>=i >ai a?n5 o 0451a1 @n a61 oti56. M40t a> >aia @n56 is; >ai a0s @n 1iin=a 1o0404i 51iti5ii; 5a1; 46 0

Maio1s54; i1 in @ns>n6tat 54 5?t s o0t6 0it1at41a

ni =61i; @n 0o5 a 5? 51> noi.( ( (Da56 ni s-a1 a5 o1a0iato1 C4a1 611 164; n-a> 4ta a 4n 16s4ns ai1>ati at?t

5oni=ionat 5a a0 -sa0; n4 o> 4ta i57 Da; a1ta a a4tta4na o @na0t6 >isi4n >o1a06; ati; n4 in a5ain noia> 654t ni5i o 51i>6 @>ot1ia a1ti ; a1 nt14 56 4ns4ns at?t n5oni=ionat 56 o1i5 o16 a61at a1tisti5684i s6 ai86 @n sin 4n 0>nt >o1a0iato1 a1 i; 46 noi;a61at. A 96si ast0 0>nt @n o1i5 0451a1 a1tisti56 st51 56 a1ta oa1t6 @n sin o 4t1ni56 tain6 >o1a0iatoa1; @n

a16 @>14161i0 1a0 a0 /istn=i sa0; st a 51 56ta >o1a06 @n sin; an si5:; 54> a1 i5 na>=40; st a 1ii-

a a1ta 0a 1an940 entitate metafi)ic[.N4 o186; 56 045161i0 50 >a1i a1tisti5 s4ntn 9n1a0 >o1a0i6toa1; o> a16ta >ai a1t 5?n K st as>na 54 4tin=6 5a o1 a1tisti5 @ns>nat s6 ai86n1?41i1 >o1a0iatoa1; o1i ni5i 4n 0; ni5i a0t40. A1ta;

a o1i5 >anista1 a >in=ii o>ni0o5404i


20/94


nat41a0 ai a0s so5ia0; oa1t6 5ta ti>404i @n 5a1 s-aa056t4it; a so5it6=ii @n 5a1 s-a 1o4s. Iliada1 n4 4ta4 s6 ia nai0o540 1480i5i0o1 ?n1i -iat 1o8i. %i"ina comediast 1o4s40 Ita0ii; 14t6 @n 8456=i;4stiit6 1in 04ta o1aat6 i0o5. N4>ai @n a5ast6 Ita0i a 4-t4t s6 s 06s>4ias56%i"ina comedia; @nto5>ai 46 54>aiulpierduta0 04i Mi0ton n4 4ta s6 s 1o456 5?t @n En90it1a5a as16 o1n; @n a5st ti> 5?n @nainta o>404i o1n6 s5:i o1iont41i 616 >a19ini; @0 1ii56 0a o @n60=i> 0a 5a1 i s a>=n6 s616soias56 tot >ai >40t tain0 >61= a0 nat41iiK 404i >o1n >40=4>i1; n4-0 @nst40a6; 5i @0a5 s6 0as56 ti>41i0 5?n oa>nii 40t >ai 4=in; a11a4 >40=4>i=i 65a=i @n sin411os; 1o45t40 o5ii noast1; st @n6=ia1a 1a>6>o1n6; @n s51i1a 04i Got:. A1 i ost tot a4n1a 04i-aust@n 1>i0 5?n s-a a056t4it%i"ina comedia 5?t a1 i ost 5a o1a 04i Dant s6 i 04at na41i0 noast1. Rt6>; o o>6 a1tisti56; a1ta @n 9n1 1o45t40 >i0o5404i so5ia0. Da56 st ai0o5so5ia0 st1i5at; n>o1a0; a 5o14 a1ta; a 1o45 o1 a1tis-ti5 n>o1a0 4n />04 oito1. S6 1s44n> o

50as6 so5ia06 5o14t6; 54> a4 ost 50as0 s4s 1>a i>-1i404i 1o>an o1i 54> s4nt 50as0 s4s @n 5nt141i0 5ii0ia=ii


21/94

19Studii critice

>o1n; @n o1aa1i; >a1i 1in 8o96=i; 1in n4>6140 0o54i-to1i0o1; a1 noi; 56 4n a1tist; 65?n a1t in a5st 50as; 94st?n

deliciile acestei corup\ii ra/inate; a1 a5 4n ta80o4 a0 5614i s48i5ta1 i o orgie. }n a5ast6 o19i s o1 s6o1n6 @n5 a aa at?ta t1a91 ini>6;n4 n4>ai @n i5t416; toat6 o04tata; toat6 8stia0itata sn4a06;a1 1ainat6; 0a 5a1 a 4t4t a4n9 a5ast6 5ii0ia=i st1i5at6 i0o5 5o14t; n4 aaa 0 in04n=6 5o146toa1 as41a >i0o5404i 5 0-a 1o4s 8in; noi n4 i5> 56 a1ta oat s6 51 o so5itat 5o14t6;i>ot1i6; a st 1o4s40 so5it6=iiK a1 oat6 1o4s6; a1taa 1?n40 i >61o1a0 o1a0; 5a 41i 5:stia; s6 046>5?ta 4n5t 1 os8it; in to1ii >o1a0 os8it.D46 H. Sn51; 11ntant40 o1a0i o-4=ionist; tot 5 s0461nt 4t1ni5 @n 04tant14 t1ai; a 5i a i >o1a0iatoa1. Da1 st 0651


22/94

!0 Constantin %obrogeanu&'erea

aa 54 tot40 a0t6 @n1?41i1 as41a 4no1 1iito1i a05a=i inaint56t1 5o14=i 1s44n> 4n >i0o5 5o14tK 5?t6 1> o1i st6?ni=i ?ns40; @nt1-@ni5 a a5 54 04>a i>1sona06. }n s?1o1a0i to0o9i5; 46 5a1 toat no=i4ni0 >o1a0n s4nt at 1in int4i=i 4>nias56; ta80o40 a aa as>-na @n1?41i1 >o1a0iatoa1. Iat6 a1 t1i 4n5t 1 -os8it; a6 56 ta80o40 1s44s st >o1a-0iato1. Da1 oat s a 4ta t6964i n4>0 a1t6 a5st4ita80o4; n4>ai nt14 56 a1tist40 st inoat atntat 0a 84n0>o1a41i +i 5; >6 1o9 }n a5st ta80o4 oat i oa1t 8in4n 9ni4 1ni5 5:ia1 R48ns; a0 5614i ta80o41i iat6 54> 0s51i 4n >a1 54nos56to1 @n a0 a1ti; *+ ,aine }n >?ini0 04iit6=i0 915 a4 nit t1441i 0a>an... 'n1 91as o0ati5 541tan6; C1s i50n5a1 1?; si1n ?noas ani; a1 54> s96ss5 @n 5nt10 5ii0ia=ii noast1; ast0 54> 0 s51i #o0a. S6 046> a0t />04; 5a1 a a16ta ai 8in 549ta1a noas-t16. S6 046> i06 50as0 o>inatoa1 4n9a1 54 at1ioti-s>40 0o1 o18; 54 is1=40 @>ot1ia na=iona0it6=i0o1 st6?nit; 54

41a 0o1 @n 5ont1a a5sto1 s44n ia=6nat?1nat6. S6 1s44n> 4n i5to1 >a1 5a1 s6 i ost 51s54t@n >i0o540 a5sto1 50as; 5a1 s6 i 1i>it in 14n5i ia 56na=ia >a9:ia16 st in i1a sa s41ioa16 1o>?ni0o1 a1 5:>at6 a-i st6?ni. +i s6 i5> 56 i5to140 a a5 4n ta80o45a1 a @n6=i


23/94

!1Studii critice

4t1 o14n5itoa1... @n s?1ni >ni=io14n5i. os @ns6 a1 4916i o >40=i> ti560oas6; o8itoa56 nit6 0a 1o8i. A5st ta80o4; 1o4s40 4n4i>i0o5 54 ii nt @n94st o1a0; n-a1 >o1a0ia ai ta1 a5st >i0o5; n-a1 a5 10a=ii0 nt0 16=-a1 54ni +i 869a=i sa>6 56 ta80o40 a1 4ta s6 i n4 n4-

>ai a1tisti5; a1 5:ia1 1a0 nt a61at. +i

at6 54>7 @n i5a1 na=i s4nt ti41i >?n1; int0i9nt; a1 s4nt40t 5?t at?ta; snti>nt0 at1ioti5 @n94st a0 a1tist4-4i nost14 @0 o1 a5 s6 ia @n sa>6 >ai a0s ti41i0 >a1i a0 na=iia0 ai 50 iioat in na=ia is1=4it6; @>ot1ia 561ia

-a4 a=?=at 51nas56; @n1?41i1a i >o1a0iatoa1 o1i>o1a0iatoa1 a i >ai si9416 ai 4=in s5:i>86toa1. C4914 n @n5:i4i> 4n >i0o5 so5ia0 @n 5a1 o o>6 a1tisti56=?=?n 41a @nt1 natii s6 oat6 aa @n1?41i1 >o1a0iatoa1.

C1> 56 s-a 06>41it @nst40 a54>a 4n5t40 nost14 -1 oit 5?t ta1 91o1a0iatoa1.C4 tot40 a0t5a st a56 ni s a 4n @nt18a1a7 A1ta t1-

84i oa1 s6 i >o1a0iatoa1; st o1it 5a a1ta s6 ai86 >isi-4n >o1a0iatoa1 6s4n 54 toat6 t61ia7 A1ta t184i s6 ai86 >isi4n 45atoa1

o1a0iatoa1K a; a1ta poates6 ai86 oa1t >a1 in04n=645atoa1 o1a0iatoa1. N4 4t> ana0ia @n a5st a1ti5o0n 5 an4> st6 >o1a0itata a1ti. Pnt14 a5asta a1 t184i >ai


24/94

!! Constantin %obrogeanu&'erea

@nt?i s6 n @n=09> as41a >o1a0i @n 9n1a0; 54> o> a16ta 4na in 5oni=ii0 56tni nt145a a1ta s6 ai86 4t1 >o1a0iatoa1


25/94

!3Studii critice

4 at?ta >ai 54 t61i s a 11o45 @na0ta 04i >o1a0itat @n o16;4 at?ta >ai 4t1ni56; >ai @ntins6; >ai a?n56 a i @n1?41i1ao1a0iatoa1 a o1i 04i. Ao1a0iatoa1 54 5?t a i >ai >a1 0>nt40 >o1a0 @nt14at a a1tist ai 9nia06. Din a5st61 oat @ns6 s6 i s5oas6 o @n5:i1 91ai >a1 54 5?t

1a >ai 9nia06; at4n5i a1ta a1 4t1 >o1a0iatoa1 @n sin. @n a61; >40=i 456 ao1a0iatoa1 54 5?t >ai >a1; s5ot

5:i1a 56 a1ta a1 @n sin 4t1 >o1a0iatoa1 ai5?t; a4n9 0a ini=ii >taii5; 5a @n60=a1>1sona06 @nt1-o 04> i>1sona06. Toat a5sta s4nt @ns6a61at; nt14 56 n4 4t> i5 56 4t1a >o1a0iatoa1 ati st 1oo1=iona06 54 9nia0itata a1tist404i; 5?t n4>ai

a56 o1a 541in @n sin 0>nt40 >o1a0; a1a @nt?ia 91


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> ai 0i> 5 o10 s4o-a1tisti5 a0 1a>a-t419i0o1 noo1a0 5 4n @n 941a 1-soan0o1 5 n @n6=io1a0 in 4n5t40 1a0 a1ti. P1i5ina @ns6 n4-i 4n o 96sa int1s0o1 i0ni5; 5i @n 0isa ta0nt a1tis-ti5 0a a4to1ii 0o1. A5st o1 >in5inoas s4nt @nto5>ai 5a ta80o40 >ai s4s; 54 s5o >o1a0iato1; a1 616 ni5i o 1oo1=i; 54 5o-0o1it st4i t5. S48i5t40 5 a 04a a1tist40 >ai >40t o1i >ai 4=in ini-1nt. Ai5i; @n a1t; a1 1tat 0 Maio1s54; n4>ai /0i5a=ia-sa0 n4-i a61at6. S6 n @ntoa15> 0a />040 nost14 54 a1tis-t40 5a1 a 654t 4n ta80o4 o1i a s51is o o>6 s1 o19i; 5a1 a654t o 0451a1 >o1a0iatoa1; 5a i0o540 @n 5a1 s-a -o0tat 0 @ns4 a0t a1tist 5a1 n4 a5 a1t in51540 >o1a0iato1 o1a0iat; o1i 5a1; 5:ia1 a56 a5; n-aost atins 5o14=i; 8a 5:ia1; a4tat nat41a sa 40t@>14161i 1i5it; a a4ns o> 54 >o1a0itat @na0t6. A5st a1tist

a 4ta 6 sa4 4n ta80o446 54> a i; ot o1i i5to1K a1 5?t os8it a i 54-1ins40 a1; @n1?41i1a o1i 04i... Da56 @n 5a int?i5o14=ia s a1at6 ia0iat6 nit6=ii o>no1a0it6=i a a1tist404i a104i s64 ta0nt. Da565a int?i a @n>na 0a s1?na1; 54 at?ta >ai >40t; 54 5?ta1tist40 5 a 654t-o a ost >ai 9nia0; a o4a a @n61ta 0ast16860a1 54 at?ta >ai ta1 54 5?t 9ni40 a1tist404i a i >ai4t1ni5. C?n t15> 0a a5st 5onsi1a=ii to1ti5 ni40 a1ti 1a0; 5?>40 5 ni s s5:i at?t

@ntins; @n5?t n 54 n4tin=6 s6-0 515t6> 54 -a>6n4nt40@nt1-4n a1ti5o0; n4 4t> atin9 5?t o a1t n@ns>nat6; a

27/94

!5Studii critice

t184i 5i s6 n >40=4>i> n4>ai 54 5?ta />0. S6 046> a50aai >40=i a1ti oa1t ot1iit nt14 >onst161i0 noast1;

iin56 @n 1iin=a 168oi404i; in 4n5t 1 >o1a0; >ai 56n4 s4nt os8i1i 611. N4-i o186; s4nt 4nii 5a1 51 56168oi40; @n 4n0 @>14161i; st t184ito1; i06 168oi40nt14 a61a1a nat?1n61ii @n 5ont1a 4no1 n660ito1i. +i noi @051> t184ito1 @n ast0 @>14161i; a1 a5asta n4 n @>-ii56 a si>=i 91oa6 @>ot1ia >65041i0o1 @nt1 oa>ni o1a06 a t1i @n ini>i0 in=i0

t4t41o1 91oa6; 1otst @n 5ont1a 168oi404i. }n 1iin=a a5astato=i s4nt o 611. S6 046> a1 168oi40 14so-t415o-1o>?n;a5st 168oi 5a1 1in >65041i0 0a P0na; G1ii=a t5. a5 s6ni s st1?n96 ini>a 411. Iat6 54> ni-0 @n6=i?nia at?ta s?n9 i; 5a1 a 654t at?ta 64 oas6;

5a ata 04i Gai-Os>anK t41n41i0 i>14140 G1ii=i s4nt 5o0a-n40 5a1 st1?n9 ta0ia >06ioas6 a ti; 5o0an oa56 40910Kia1 so0a=ii 1o>?ni s4nt 11nta=i 1int1-4n 06564 5a1 1as6-i ia 5o0an40; 5?nt?n4-i 56 a 84n6 s614tat; 5a o1>?nt404i s5:is a 5 >ii oa>ni; 54 90as 9in9a< 9ata a 96si 56-ioa1t >o1a0 04514; s48 54?nt 56 ot40 n 1ii56 @nt1-o 04>i>1sona06K n4-i o186; oia 04i A05san1i 14>oas6;ta80o40 9in9ai o1i >ai a1tisti56;@n1?41i1a i >o1a0iatoa1 a i nt14 noi >ai >40t 5?t 1o-80>ati56.


28/94


S6 > a54> a0t 045161i a1tisti5 s1 168oi40 14so-t41-5o-1o>?n; a0 >40t ta0ntat404i i5to1 14s ere%ciag2in++i a5s-ta a 4916it 168oi40; a1 5 ns4s6 os8i1 Ta80o41i0 04i

s4nt 4n st1i96t @>ot1ia >65041i0o1 @nt1 oa>ni; o10 04ia1tisti5 n t408416 toat6 ini>a; t1s5 toat6 411a 1i5in4it6 168oi ni0o1; 5 a5=i oi +i iat6 54> n s51i 4n 5o1son-nt in a0 1isti%ie Neue 9eitta80o41i0 04i '1 4n 0o5 4n s a4 @n91ii1i 0a 16ni=i; 4n>40=i>a 16ni=i0o1 at?t >a1; @n5?t n4 ot i to=i 4i1a8i0; s6 0ini40=i. Sta4 616 @n91ii1; 616 :1an6;616si=i @n oia 5:in41i0o1; @n a n6ii; 5i >ai >40=i 54>oa1ta =0 o=0it 411. C:ia1 @n a=6 a 4s 4n 0656414>os int Un so0at @0 a4t6 st?n 0?n96 ?ns40K a5sta


29/94

!7Studii critice

1ntant40 tii5 a0 as540t61ii oa18. I-a ni>1it 5:i40 5a 4n>ast14; 1sia 5 a5 atot4t1ni56.'1i o>6t40 i s-a s4it ?n6 st9n4n5:i; a1 tot st6 0o5404i. N4 s >ai oat =ina 1t; 5i

noit 5a o sa05i; a1 st6K ?ini0 @n >?n5i; =inn56 46 190>nt a1>a 0a 81a=. +i-a 05at 5a40 it;949i40 i-0 a5o16 tot.A0 t1i0a ta80o4 n a1at6 o >oi06 o>6t sntin0a-i -48t. S ?140 949i404i; i5i ?n6 is aa16 9t0 @n=nit; >oa1t; =in 54 t61i414n6 54,)ecu\ia $nIndia+ ,)ecu\ia ni'ili#tilor $n *etersburg t5.; a4 654t at?t a?n56>1si @n A4s40 E41oi; a4 0451at nt14 a5a 41oan6

>ai >40t 5?t 0i9a a5 @n ani @nt19i. Ta0nt40 a1tist404i4s >ai 1s4s o1i5 @noia06; @ns6 a1 i; 51>; o n84ni

a-0 4n a06t41i 54 9ni40 titani5 a0 04i R48ns. C4 toat a5sta;iin >ai 1os 5a ta0nt a1tisti5; o10 04i '1o1a0iatoa1


30/94


9:in. O> 54 sta1; a1tist 54 n4> >a1; 0 84n6oi s 4s46 a1>at6 @n 168oi nt14 5a s6 n oat6 osti 1in ta80o41itoat 91o6nii0. }n a1>at6; @>14n6 54 SFo80; >19a 0a

4n5t0 50 >ai a>nin=at; s5:i=0 0-a 540s; 54 4n s?n9 15 n514t; s48 0oaia 90oan=. }n Gi419i4; nt14 a aa 8ino 04t6 a1ti01i; s-a 869at @nt1-o 5o1a8i @n 5a1 =inta4 t415iiin4n.D46 168oi; =a140; t>?n4-s @nti61i1a 5 aa4 s6 a56ta80o41i0 04i; a 1oit s6 0 54>1 54 4n >i0ion 1480.'1it a5st n9o=; 5i a 05at @n E41oa. C?ts1 ii0 @na0t; s1 5on5=ii0 so5ia0 0a 5a1 a a4ns 0;n 6 oa6 54?nta1a 5 a =in4t 0a /oi=ia in B4asta;in 5a1 s 0i> 56 a1tist40 >19 @nainta a5404i s64. D 0a a1ta ti>41i0o1 noi; s6 n 61t6> @n 1>41i0 t154t;@n 1>a @n0o1i1ii a1ti; @n =a1a a1t0o1 14>oas. Iat6 54> 5a-1a5t1ia6 Tain 50 >ai >a1 a1tist a0 Ita0ii; Mi5:0-An90o7 }n 9ni40 s64 a sa a a0at Mi5:0-An90o a5stti41i. Pnt14 a 0 1in i-a t184it s40t 4stni5; 9?nito1;

1684n6to1; 4n s40t 41ios o0i06 ai 4=in6 1>; niin @nsta1 a s 05a; a s s44n; 1t1as 54 tot40 @n a5ast6 a1t6; 1in5a1 @n t651a 1o8ii s40t4-i >a1 ai o1-

8a4 @n56. Iat6 5 a s4s s1 Statuia adormit[;P0654t @>i sts6 o1>; ai 0654t s6 i4 iat16K 5?t ti> =in ti560oi5a st 1i5i1a >aKn4 >6 t1iK a: o18i1a1 56 s48>?na 04i Mi5:0-An90o La a a4ns o 19in6 0in6 4t1; s1ioitat; n19i; int0i9n=6; ia1 @n a0 a0to1a a at 1i00a at?ta ta80o41i >ai >40t sa4 >ai 4=in o1no91ai5.

P:i0oso:i 0a1t; o0. I; . 3-3.


31/94

!9Studii critice

C?n t15> @n o>ni40 0it1a1; @n o>ni40 oii; taast16 s a1at6 ai a61at6 ai 4at1ian @ns6 8o9at6; t184i s6 n >619ini>. A> 4ta 04a 1t

a6 B1on; S:00; 'i5to1 H49o; S5:i001; Mi5FiQi5 t5.;1 to=i a5nt 45ato1 o1a0iato1a1t >a1. }n 5 5onst6 >o1a0itata o10o1 04i S:aFsa1 aa0iat asi4ni0 o>nnt40o1a0iato1 Da; @n a61; S:aFsa1 n4 4n 1oii s6i s6a a=6 5onin91i0 >o1a0; n4 0 4n @n 9416 @n6=6t41io1a0; n4 s 5i 5 @i 51 n>o1a0i; ai >a1i a1tiii; a1 5:ia1 n-a1 i

ist 0. S:aFsa1 n4 n 6 05=ii >o1a06; 54 toat a5s-a o10 04i oa1t6 5ta ni >o1a0 nt o>n; t1i a541i 46 5 a t16it >a10 a1tist. S:aFsa1n a5 541s >o1a06 @nomeo #i 7ulieta+a1 9in966ti>i1a nt14 s41in=a a0to1a; 4s ot @n o1an a=?=6 54 t61i a50a=i1i. Co>6ti>i1a a?n56

1 o si>=i> noi 56t1 190 La1 a 11; 5a1 a156 n-a1 14-o 54 50i1 st tot4ai >i56 5?t 5a 5 t184i s6 o i si>=it @ns4ai @na0t; n a=?=6 50 >ai as54ns

a1 a0 84n6t6=ii; i48i1ii; 5o>6ti>i1iiK totoat6 n ot1ia 51i>i; a1 n4 5ont1a 51i>ina0i0o1. C4 o 6-n1 9nia06; 4i>itoa1; >a10 S:aFsa1 a @n=0s a54>


32/94


t1i a541i 56 51i>ina0ii s4nt oa>ni ano1>a0i; 8o0nai; n84niKa54> t1i s4t ani; a @n=0s; o1i 50 4=in a si>=it; 56 i >1it65o>6ti>i1; >ai >40t 5?t 1684na1K 54 >a1a sa ini>6; 9-

nia040 ot a @n=0s 56 51i>0 s4nt 4n 1o ata0 a0 so5it6=ii; a0>i0o5404i; a0 t>1a>nt404i; o1a06 56 51i>ina0ii s4nt 1o45t40 ata0 a0 5oni=i4ni0o1 t1ai1it6 5o>6ti>i1. E0 n4 n s4n 06>41it a5sta; a1 0si>t =i> o1 a0 1904i D4n5an; > @nainta noast16 4n n-84n; 4n o> ni>i5it s40tis; @nat646 o>o1; 5a 4n ot Ia1 toat6 t418a1a s40t404i a5st4i nno1o5it o >@n @nt18a1a nai6 4-t4t 1osti a>in +i 5?n tot 5:in40 5onis a 45is so>n40; aio1>i. Ma58t: n4 a >ai o1>i

A5st 54int n @n9:a=6 ini>a; si>=i> 56 G0a>is @n a61a o>o1?t so>n40; so>n40 s64 5:ia1; ai o1>i; >ai >40t7 n1i5ita

1t6 o1i n1i5it40 51i>ina0. C0 >ai 541at snti>nto>nai @na0t 1i >o1a0; 50 >ai 0a19i @n5:i4i1i>o1a0 5a1 a4 4>04t ini>a 1904i o=i0o1 s-a4 @n5o1o1at @no10 04i a ai Tit04 ono1ii5 at1i84it 4no1 @na0=i >nita1i @n 1i>0 a541i a0 >ona1-:ii n90 n. ed.. Dist t:o4 not :a1 a nois B4t Q:1o1 5o40 not I 1onon5 a>n Sti00 it 51i7 S0 no >o1 to a00 t: :o4sK G0a>is :at: >411s0; an t:1o1 CaQo1 s:a00 s0 no >o1; Ma58t: s:a00 s0 no>o1.


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31Studii critice

41>a @n56; o1a0. Iat6 4t1a 45atoa1 o1a0ia-oa1 a o10o1 04i S:aFsa1. }n60=i>a >o1a06 ainaint; 56 @n60=i>a >o1a06 ai 4a1. }n a61; a5a sta1 s40tas56;a=?=a1a n1oas6; insi1a=ia @nt1-4n 54?nt; 5a1 t184itoa14n4i a1tist; a ni >ai 54 t61i 0a 50 5 a sta 0a @n60=i>a >o-

a06 04a 5a >a1to1 50 >ai >a1ot a0 a5404i nost14; Got:; 5itat Tain7 Pnt14 a a5o1 14>oas i5 Tain sin941a 5oni=i st 5a a16tat6 >a10 Got:7 U>0=i-6 >inta a; o1i5?t 0a19i a1i; 54 ii0 nt0 a5404i ost14; a1i =ia5. A5st a?n5i 54int 0-a> 4ta 5o>0ta @n 040

41>6to17 U>0=i-6 ini>a =i1i0; 54 toat6 >o1a0itata a5404i ost14; o8?nit 5?ta 1in5iii a61at; n o> s04i ?ns0 nt14 a 04>ina 4n0 in s4s0 noast1 40to1a 91 is 56 oinii0; 1in5iii0 o0iti5

n6tata sa-i1i 04i ii5 5:ia1; ?n6 0a 4n 4n5t; o0ta1a ta-nt404i; a5ast6 611 a noast16 a ost 1i>it6 54 na1o8a1

n4 n4>ai 56t1 0 Maio1s54; a1 inta s6n6toas6

41>a4 i; 5a ?in oat s6 1?6 5ons1ato1i;


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a1tK as>na 40tK 565i n-a1 ni>i5 @>61=it 54 51in=0 o0iti5. N4 40t 91ai s4s s4nt a61at; ; n4 >ai oat s6 i @noia06 56 a> 1tat noi. Da56@n o1a a1tisti56 s 11o45 5a1a5t140 a4to1404i; a56 @n60=i>a04i ia06 o1a06 st 5oni=ia 56tni nt14 1o451a o1 >o1a0iatoa1; a56; @n s?1a1i;s 51 s6 n 4>0> >inta a 54 50 >ai >a1i ii nt a0 a5404i... 54> ot at4n5i s6 i 616 @n1?41i151in=0; ia041i0 o0iti5 ai a0s 5?no1a a1 5a o8i5t ia=a o0iti56 404i; 40t is. Da1 5?n 4ns51iito1 n a5 o sati16 @>ot1ia 4n4i st1at so5ia0 @nt19; at4n5ia s4n 56 51in=0 o0iti5 a Got:; a0t0 o

s51i Hin; a0t0 Loa1i; a0t0 'i5to1 H49o; n i5 0Maio1s54. Da; 15t a61at. +i 5?n s a s51i sati1a 4n4ist1at so5ia0 @nt19; a0t0 o a s51i 4n 5ons1ato1 10i9ios; a0t04n 0i81a0 io51it; a0t0 4n so5ia0ist at4. L45141i0 5a1 a 1?;040 1?s404i; t61ia 04i; tot40 a at?1na 040 s51iito1404i 4ta s6 >ai a6496> @n a5ast6 1iin=6 0a 50 is?n6 a5i. Pnt14 5a a4to140 s6 1?6 ai @nt?i 1?s. C4 5?t @ns6 a sta a1tist40 >ai s4s 5ont>o1anii s6i; 54 at?ta a 96si >ai >40t >at1ia0 nt14

1?s >ai 0a19; 54 at?ta ai >ai a?n5; a 0oi >ai ta1; a a1 @n 5a1n i. Un o> 54


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33Studii critice

o0ta1a ia06 a 04i ae pingescu; o1i5?t >a1 ta0nt a1-tisti5 a1 aa; n-a1 4ta s6 n a56 s6 1?> st1at40 so5ia0 ai5614i 1oi s4nt nim[ rea/ i\at5.; n-a1 4ta nt14 56 st1at40

5a1 o18i> ni5i n-a1 st?1ni 1?s40 04i Na Iin9s54K as>naa1tist a1 4ta s6 n a56 s6 1?> 4n st1at >ai os... A50a ii >o1a0 a a4to14-04i. C4 5?t a i >ai >a1 @n60=i>a >o1a06 0a 5a1 o8s16a1tist40 so5itata s51is6; 54 at?ta >ai a?n56 @n1?41i1 o1 aas51i1i0 04i; 54 at?ta 1?s40 04i o18a sati16 a 0oi >ai ta1ai a0s; a 0oi to5>ai 5 t184i 0oit. A5sta toat s4nt

045141i; 4t> i5; 5o>4n; i1a1 n4>ai 56 s 96ss5oa>ni 5a1 n4 ot s6 0 @n=0a96. As>na st oa1t 06>41it04514 56 sati1a; @n orice form[ artistic[s-a1 a16ta; @o1a0iatoa1 6; @n 0o5 s6 0 ai86 @naint. Din oi a1ti14161i a0t0 oot1i6; a50a a aa@n1?41i1 >ai >a1; a1i; 5a1 a aa ia041i so5ia0 >ai @na0t. A6140is0o1 noast1 n4 oat i 14n5inat ni5i @nt1-4n 5:i.

C?t >a1 st 1o040 ia041i0o1 so5ia0 @na0t @n 0it1at416n 6 o oa6 5onin96toa1 toat6 a5tiitata 914404i 4ni>ist.R496> 5itito1i s6 5a4t ta80o40 oto91ai5 a0 515404i 4ni>ist 0a Con"orbiri literare.C >ai 0ia6 oa>ni tin1i; ta0nta=i7o=i; 51iti5i; oa>ni ni tin1i; n19i5i 40=i5:ia1 54 tot40 nat?1na=i in 4n5t 1 >at1ia0 C?t >40t 6964ia a5st >a1; st16045it 515 0it1a1 nt14 o0ta-

1a int05t4a06; >o1a06 ?nii Da1 oat n-a4ost 1iitoa1 @>14161i0 @n 5a1 s a0a =a1a; oat 0 n-a4 06sata5st 515 s6 5at @n1?41i1 as41a >in=i0o1 i0o1 O:; n4;


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4 tot40 i>ot1i6. }>14161i0 a4 ost at?t 84n; at?t ot1iit; 54> 1a1 s oat @nt?>0a @n isto1ia 4ni na=ii. A ost46 s54t41a1a 49404i in04n=0o1 st16in; 46 1ii5a1a

io869ii; 46 int1o451a o1>0o1 41on; 5?n instit4=ii050 >ai noi n4-a; 5?n to=i aa4 i04ii >a1i;5?n; 1in 41>a1; o 0451a1 int0i9nt6 4ta oa1t 4 5:ia1. D a0t6 a1t; in 4n5t 1 0it1a1 n4 1a 654t >ai ni>i5 @n =a16. E 914 5?a1 @n =a1a 04i Mo0i1; A01 M4sst; 'i5to1 H49oKa1 @nt1-o =a16 4n @n 1iin=a 0it1a16 n4 1a 654t >ai ni>i5a4ta 566ta in04n=6 ai 4=in n4>1os; >ai 4=inta0ntat 5?t a0 Con"orbirilor literare. Aa1 @n1?41i1 @n =a16; 45?n a prioria1 t184i s6 a ton40 @nt19ii >iii 1o0i=i; s6 1o456 >40=i> o1 @ns>nat; s6 i1ins 1665ini @n toat 4n9:i41i0 =61ii; s6 i 654t 45a=ia 4ni9n1a=ii @nt19i. C?t >40t @ns6 s os8


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35Studii critice

14nt; nt14 5a1 in04n=a 0o1 a ost n@ns>nat6; >ai a0s@n 5o>a1a1 54 5a 5 s 4ta aai >a1 a1t a616sit 0it1at41a; ia1 50 >ai sin51; 50 >ai i>1siona8i0 ai ta0ntat int1 i; 4n ot @n toat6 4t1a 54?nt404i;5a1 s-a @n514t 54 tot s40t40 @n ia041i0 5ons1atoa1; @n i-a041i0 t154t404i; a5st ot s-a 14inat si:i5a>nt. Da 54i>a9ina=i i18int; 54 ini>6 5a06 i-ns54 @n ia041i0 t154t404i; @n ia041i0 5ons1ato1i0o1 noa1i; n4 4ta s-o ai86 ot40; nt14 56 ia041i0 04i 1a4 0a o>i at14 s4t. Iat6 5 t1a9i s t15a @n ini>a 04i E>ins-54


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ASUPRA CRITICII

Aa> 9?n s6 s51i> o s5:i=6 51iti56 s1 ta0ntat40 ati540 nost14 n40ist Ba184 +t6ns54-D0a1an5a. S1a5st s?1 5itit >40t in 51iti5i0 5 s-a4 s51is s1 ?ns40 s5:i>8at iaK n-a> :ot61?t s6 s4n>5?ta 54int s1 51iti5a noast16; s1 54> st a

a1 t184i s6 i. A5st 5?ta 54int s1 51iti56 n a1 t1-84itoa1 @naint a 41>a 54 515t61i0 noast1. O1i5in @t6 >?:nit.C1iti5a 1o>?nas56; 54 oa1t >i5i /5=ii; 5?t s oat a1 1=ta @n 0it1at41a noas-t16; a1 >ai >a1 @n56 @n 51iti56. C1iti5a 0a noi ni5i n-a1 o ia=6

nat?1nat6; a t16ia1t o8i5i @n o46 ta817 4nii; 4ani aia1tist404i; @0 o5616s5; @0 n4>s5 o> 616 ta0nt; n40itat; aotia1K a0=ii; 1itni; @0 1ii56 @n s0a6 ast14; 4n ta0nt 616 15:. Ia1 1it


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37Studii critice

P1i5ina st61ii oa1t t1ist a 51iti5ii noast1 n4-i at?t @n 5a1a5t1401iti5i0o1; @n @ns4o1a0 -oa 5:; 91 04a o i06 nt14 a a16ta 54> s a5 0a noi 51iti-a. 'o> 04a 5a i06 n4 4n o> 616 ta0nt; n4 14n 86iat 0a41na00 i0ni5; 5a1 a5 a>inist1a=i; 1o1t1; 5o15to1; ia1?n @i 16>?n ti> 0i81; 5a s6 a56 5ono>i ia1404i; i15-o140 @0 4n s6 s51i 04a 4n o> 54a0nt; 4n o> 540t; 5a1 41>?n a0t6 >to6 51iti56 a1 4ta4n9 51iti5 a0oa1.

'o> 04a 5on1at0 nost14 S:n/ 0aom`nia liber[.Da56 st614i> @nos8i as41a 51iti5i0o1 inom`nia liber[; 1i-ina >ai st 56 0 s4nt sin9410 5a1 a4 o18it >ai 0a19 -1 s51i1i0 04i D0a1an5a; s1 5a1 oia> s6 s51i> o8s1a=ii a6 4n0 46 a0t0. }n 0[du"ele?i >i1at; 1=ios40 4it40 a1 a1 a4to140; a1 /5=iona0; 5a1-0 a a5 ni>ita8i0; 616

15: @nt1 to=i s51iito1ii noas-14.Iancu Moroi o s5:i=6 5a1 sin9416 a1 i a4ns s6 n a1at

6t14n1a 6ist1ia a4to1404i. Trubadurul+ 9iua+ Noaptea4nt 5aoo1 sti0K ia1 @nini#te; @n s?1


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540 0a4; 51iti540 n s4n 56 D0a1an5a s-a @nt154t 0@ns44ta1 Mai1647 51iti540 s s4616 91oa 5?n 5ina @n16n


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39Studii critice

ia1641a n4 0 oat 41a 5?t s1t s1t in a61ata 0o1 560416 D 5?t o1i n-a4 14to04> @nt19i; n-a4 sa1t ?n 5?t i41i0


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a1t in o46 nt; 5i 0ai>osi8i0itata a a4n9 0a o 51a=i4n 15t6; a8so04t 1-5t6; ni s 06>41 o o16 a1t6 n4 oat s6 0a56n5oni=ionat; s6 0a56 t4t41o1 616 ni5i o 116. +i iat6 5;5?n n >ti5i> 4t1ni5a ai 0ini 910 ai o8s1at. Ro>a-nii 04i S:aFsa1 @n 1a0itat s4nt n90i. G1a1;a1 st. P1soan0 5o>i5 s4nt /a91at. Uno1i 6> oa1t 56 o =a16 n54nos54t6; a0 561i :o-ta1 n4 0-a >ai t154t @n616t ni5i 4n 5606to1K ai @nainto18is 54 4>81a tat604i s64; 5a1 n4 n4>ai 56 t154s 91ani=a

>o1=ii; a1 s5o1is 04i Ha>0t 40=i> tain(. N4-io186; toat a5st na4ns41i s4nt >i5i ai >40t i865ia04i Lo4is B0an 5?t 1o 910 in 0it1at41a 51iti56 st1?in6 o1 oi ai8in is0 noast1. Un ta0ntat 51iti5 in )1an=a; E>i0 )a94t;@n5 ast0 st4i40 51iti5 as41a 04i Ba0a5((7 E 4n 541ios 5a-

1i5i4 a0 s41an404i a81i5ato1 a i 4nit @nt1-o i t>1a->nt40 4n4i a1tist 54 si1it40 4n4i 5o>is-oiao1. Ba0a5 a ost409a1 i0 )a94t.


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41Studii critice

n 4i>85i0.Ci 5a1 n4 54nos5 51iti5a 5ont>o1an6 ai 5onin96to1i; s6 06s6> 0a o a1t )a94t a0t 51iti5; 5a1 o 5081itat 41oan6 40=i 0-a4 5ititK ia1 a5i 5a1 n4 0-a4 5itit; si941 a4 a4it ?ns40K o18a H. Tain. Tain a s51is i1a=i1o4n6 nt14 9nia040 s51iito1 1an5.N4 n4>ai @n st4i40 s1 5a1 o18i>; a1 14 @i1a=i nt14 9nia040 n90; 0in >?n1i n4n4>ai 5a 51iti5; 5i ai 4n40 0-a a4ns S:aFsa1 5a o5ato1 ia=6 i1a=ia nt14

a1tist; ni5i >?n1ia 1an5 n4-0 o1s5 s6 s4i 514 a-6141i; 5a1 a0o541a @nt15 54 >40t s4s0 04i )a94t. 'o1-8in 5a1a5t140 04i Ba0a5; Tain i5 @nt1 a0t07 S51iso1i0a0 at?t i48itoa1 a4 5a t1iia0K 904>a 04i 91oai. Gsti-

540a6; 5?nt6; 0onii st ?nt5; a5 84on40. No4a4/ ssais 51itiV4 t :istoi1 Es41i noi 51iti56


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C?n o18a o8i5i40 04i Ba0a5 a 4n @n >i0o540 s5n-0o1 50o1 >ai int1sant 04n9i ti1a i0ooi5o->taii5; iat65 i5 Tain7 S s?1atias >ati5... C?n o1840t o1i /a91at; a0s; >ati5; Tain i57C4int0 s480i>; 0654t; s41a4>an; 1in 0a i5a1 a9in6.Dsi941; 0 Ba0a5 a1 10 1in1iK st 91oso0an 91ossi-1 =o1a0 a0 04i Ba0a5; as540ta=i; 1o94-6; Tain7 Ia040 0is40tnat41a0ist404i Ba0a5... ...A61ata no80= @i 0is6; >?ini0 sa0 anato>ist ?n961s5 5a1a5t10 541at;s04=s5 s04=nia.

C?n 1a Tain s6 n a1at ia040 a >o1a06 a 1oi0o104i Ba0a5


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43Studii critice

+i i=i si941i 56 1aa a5asta is @nt1-4n >o 0o9i5 a1 0o9i5ian nt14 5a in1>is s6 n4-i ias6 0a sin @n5:i1a. E4 n4 s4nt 54 tot40

611a 04i Tain as41a 04i Ba0a5. C1 56 Tain /a91a6 s6 n 0isi> 54int 1a as1 5a 5:a10atan; 5o-V4in; i>85i0; 5:ia1 5?n s4nt @nt184in=at 5a >tao1 o1it1>ni 5o>a1a=i. A> a4s a5st />0 in Tain a1=ia06 10ati; 8in@n=0s 51iti5a in O55int40

E41oi; 5 si1it 10atiist >ina>nt @n 9n1a0; ai 54 sa>6 4n o> 9nia0; 5a 1a 5o>0/K 56 o 51a=i4n a1tisti56 1a >40ti0at1a065a s6 oat6 i 5a1a5t1iat6 n4>ai 1in 0a4 sa4 1in :40i1i; 5a11in at40 56 s4nt n4>ai 0a4 o1i :40i1i s4nt 4ni0at1a0. C1iti5a41oan6 a @n=0s 56; i>15=ia o>nas56 iin @n nat41ao>404i; i>15=ia a1tisti56 @n nat41a a1tist404i ai >40t

5?t at?ta; a a @n=0s 56 >1it0 n?nt @n964in=a 514t6; 5:ia1 t6-964i1a s6?1ai; a0=ii @i o5616ai. Poat i 5i o18a @n964i1@n a5ast6 51iti56 Noi n4 n4>ai 56 s4nt> nt14 in409n=6;a1 @n=09> 5:ia1 56 51iti5a 4no1i oat s6 i @n1?41it6 1itni; 1a9ost nt14 a4to1. }n a61; a1ta 4na in 50>ai 5o>0/ >anist61i a0 si1it404i o>ns5


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@n56 ant0 515t61i0o1 51iti5 >o1n s4nta15t; @n5?t >40t o1i int4i=ia; 4n 0 9:i5i1 a51iti5404i; a5 >ai >40t 5?t ana0iaK >40t o1i 51iti5404i i s

51 insi1a=i 5a t6 40t @ns4ai is54sit 51iti5 54ana0ia 04i. )i1 1itni i1a=i sin516.A7 noi @n=09> 5a o 51iti56 s6 i @n1?41it6 sn-ti>nt0 os8it 5 a1 51iti540 nt14 s51iito1K 56 o o8i5-tiitat a8so04t6 54?nt ai >40t; 51> 56 a5ast6@n1?41i1 o0ositoa1; 54 5oni=ia @ns6 5a 51iti540 s6 n4 i /504-siist. C1iti5404i; @n a5ast6 @>141a1; @i st ai 4=in i1-tat a i /504siistK ia1 5on1at0 S:n/ /504siist7 ni5i n4 6oi s6 s a56 1o o8s1a=i @n 1iin=a s51i1i0o1 04i D0a1an-5a. A> 1i5 @n56 n>40=4>i1a @n 5ont1a 51iti5404i 0aNa\iunea; 5a1 is560?n @n a61 045141i 5i4at. Ai 06 5oiii. Iat6 a1 o n4-06 >in4nat6; s6?10t; a5st oi0toan s4nt 0in 84n6oin=6 nt14 a4to1.


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45Studii critice

A a>int 56 oi0ton40 @nt?i @0 @n5 5o>a1?n a4to140 Sult[nic[i54 H1istos o s51i1; 5a5oa06 0it1a16. 'o18in 0[du"eleot1ia @>6561ii >a>i G:i1a a>i Iana.on1at0 nost14 C. Mi00 456 ast07 C?n o sa6; >?ni; 416

-a @n54t @nt1 oi oa>ni; 5?n a5ast6 416 a >1s tot 51s5?n;oi o1i5 i-a1 i stat @n 5a0 t184i s6 o a=?= ai ta1; 5i?n 8a80 a4 96sit 5oiii 0o1 s614t?n4-s; 46 0o9i56; s-a154nit s6-i a45 0a 86tai; a1 n4 s6 s @>a5. }nt1-o n4-

06; stit40 s51iito1 14s To0stoi; @n @>14161i ana0oa9; @n5:iosti1a 1in a1 o5; 65a1. Ca> a40t 1t s6 a5> a5ast6 @nt1-

a1; 54 5?t s4nt> a5a a5a65a1a @nt1 8a-0 G:i1a 5ita t/t4a0.


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i48a4 5oiii 56 asta n4 1a 1o a>nin=a1 54 s5o a s1ia 86t1?n; nt14 56 R645an4 0 @i

as540ta4 i00o1. 'o> >ai a649a 56 0a >a:a0a @n i5a1 i s @nt?>06 siai tota4na s s?165a1K >a:a0a9ioai50 a156@nains s 5a1t6 nt14 a aa 1i0 a s @>65aK saa 5a1a=?=6 n1ii @n0o54ii> noi in 5iti1 o1i 0a tat14; 0a @n0tni5i1i0 int05-t4a0. Lisa as>na a=?=61i; 4n0 50as o @n0o54is5 1in8=i; sa6; 50ti1 t5. Saa a>a G:i1a a>a Iana n4 oa1 5a 41an@>65at6; a?n56; s608ati56 @nt1 Monta94 ?n1i 0ii 41a a oi no8i0i; 5aii a>i0ii0o1 Mon-ta94 ni; >?n1i; 50 >ai 041it; 50>ai a16toa1 snti>nt s4nt 4s 0a >i0o5 nt14 a @n06561a41a. U1a a4n9 t1ai=iona06; s4t6 5oii 54 0at0; a int1at@n n1i; s-a 654t a1oa o19ani56. A5ast6 416 :16nit6 54s?n9; nt14 56 n4 t15 4n ti> >ai @n04n9at 616 5a 4n40

in 5asa Monta94 s6 n4 5a6 45is >?na 4n4i Ca40t; sa4 i>-ot1i6. Monta94 o ai 5a R645an4 o1?n4-s. }n a=a a5sto1 >o1=i; 91oaii16>ao1=i 5a 5 n-a1 i 654t nt14 ?naoa1t s @>a56


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47Studii critice

411 @n91oitoa1 nt14 nint 4s

a /t1>; 411a 61intas56 a1 os8i1 @nt1 1i5a a-o1=i. Da1 st os8i1


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D0a1an5a a aai t1anai1i 1in s51i1i0 sa0; ia1 51i-ti5ii; 54> ; i06; Mi00; ini>i 10 5 s4nt; 5a4t6 5i40ini; o1 s6-0@n5; s6-0 ni>i5as56 s51iito1K @ns6 0 S:n/; 5a1 a1 ini>6

84n6 ?n6 a4to1nt14 a-0 s56a ini>i 10; 4ani. Iat6 a1 51iti5ii 4n4ia4to1 @>61=i=i @n oa>ni 84ni Mi00; 0 s6 n a616> noi @n @n 5at9o1ia 50o1 16i; . Citito1ii s51iso46 a1ti5o0 s1 E>ins54. Ca a4t1tn=ia a 4n @n a61at6 04>in6 E>ins54; 5i a> @nai >40t 5onsi1a=ii 1in 5a1 a> 14t s6 a16t6> ta0nt40 >a1;nas>6nat >a1; a0 04i E>ins54K ia1 a0t6 a1t s64n> @n in=6 5?ta 1i5ini 5a1 a4 :ot61?t i15=ia; sns40s51i1i0o1 ot404i nost14 0i1i5. }n a5st a1ti5o0 a> 654t 5?ta

o8i5=ii 5a1 s /0i56 oa1t 4a1 5 st @nt1 i15=ia so5ia06 a ot404i ins54 54 >40t6164tat. +i 869a=i sa>6; noi; 54nos5?n si1it40 51iti5ii in=a1a noast16; a> n4 t1-84i s6 >i1 ni>ni; nt14 56 n4-i a1tist 5a1 s6 n-ai86 54s4-

141i sti>6 i1a=i sin516nt14 50 >ai >a1 ot 0i1i5 5ont>o1an. Da1 9a8a Po=is6 a0i 0is41i @n B1on; @n Got:; ?n6 ins54; at4n5a 164


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49Studii critice

t404i. +i t184i s6 s not 56 164tata @n 5a40 a=6 a1 i i6 soa1ta ot404i. O1i iat6 a0t6 i06. '1ois5 s6 s51i4 a54>a 4n a1ti5o0 s1

D0a1an5a. }n a5sta oi aa 654t 4n0 o8s1a=ii; 46>in; sn=ia0. N4-s 0o5 si941 56 a o4a i 46 aa1i=ia a1ti-5o0404i n4 s a 1ii5a 14n40 6 1a5a1 tot 5i40ini i6 5a4t6 6; naai o> 164; a1 54 at?t

>ai >40t 54 5?t a> sti>6 1sona06 nt14 D0a1an5a 6 a=6 54 o >4n56 5on ta0nt. C1> 56 o1i5in a a>it 56 o ata1 51iti56 o ano1>a0i-tat @nt1-o 0it1at416. +i t184i s6 n s4n> sin51 61a7 n4 @nin4i> 0o5 ni5i 0 Mo1na; ni5i a0=iiK 611i0 0o1 s4nt o 41>a1 n@n06t41at6

a i15=ii 91nat6; a1 tot a> o1n; 5i a 51iti5ii 5a1 a ost @n )1an=a 0a@n54t40 a5404i. C1iti5a s 51a at4n5i 456to1 5:>ata 45a s51iito1i 61=atit041i7 54ta1 o16 84n6; 54ta1 1aK 54ta1 >a9ist1a06; s480i->6; 9nia06K 54ta1 st4i6 t5. Bin@n=0s 56 @n ast0 @>1-

4161i 51iti5a t184ia s6 a4n96 4n 456to1 61tinito1 40t o8s1a=ii @n 1iin=a 51iti5ii noast1 s1 E>ins54K o>16s4n a0t6 at6.


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06>41itK a0t0 o1i5 456to1 a i a18it1a1. C 09i; 5 1940i aa@ns6 51iti5a nt14 a 45a 46 0 o10 a1t6 Ni5i o 1-9406; ni5i o 09. La s?1404i; s-a4 654t 1940i;4n 5o @nt19 09i 46 5a1 a1ti?n-o. 'i5to1 H49o; @n5on41at o 09i4n @nt1a96 ta0nt; a at asa0t @>ot1ia 50asi5is>404i; 0-a @nins; 1o>anti-s>40 a s61?>at toat 1940i0 404i.R6>as6 616 1940i; 616 09i; 51iti5a 0a @n54t40 o5ii 1o>an-tis>404i n4 4ta s6 i 5?t 54 tot40 a18it1a16. Na?n 09i;51iti5ii a4 566tat 4t1 1a >a1; ni>i5 n4-i o1a -a 45a46 94st40 a1 @n 0it1at416; 5a 0 ta0nt; >a04 a1at60i> 5?t s41i5ia06 innt40 nost14 51iti5; 0 Maio1s-54; @n a1ti5o040 s64*oe\i #i critici/1i>6 o 611 5a1 a t184its6 a56 >40=i s6 s >i1. D-sa i5 56 @n =a1a 1o>?nas56 n-a15 >ai 564ta 51iti5a; oa15 0a noi a a a4t 4n 1o0 @n0i-nit; a1 a54>a n4 >ai a1. D-sa 456 ast0 7

N-a> a1ti5o040 0a @n>?n6; a5a 5it6> n4>ai @n=0s40.


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51Studii critice

}n =a1a 1o>?nas56; a54> 5?ta ti>; 0it1at41a >ai 56 n4 /i-a; -a8ia s @n5aK at4n5i 51iti5a a a4t 4n 1o0; a t184it s66064as56 a-a 5instK ia1 5i 0isi=i ta0nt s6-i @n>o1>?nt. C?nns6 0it1at41a s-a o0tat; n4 >ai a1 noi 51iti56K s048a a @n06t41a n40it6=i0 o a5 @ns6 51iti5a n-a1 ni5i 4n 1o0 @n0init.Ca> a n4>it-o udec[toreasc[. A5ast6 51iti56 a ost 54 94st a1tisti5 1it a a5 5a n4>0 04i Maio1s-4 s6 i @ns>nat @n o0ta1a 0it1at41ii 1o>?n. S @n=09;a i ost 6

i 914t6=i0 54 5a1 a a4t s6 04t. E a4ns s6 5iti> a501o8 oii >onst14oas st1?ns -sa; nt14 a a 5

>619ini=i; 5 n40it6=i; 5 s56t41i aa4 o1in=a ?nas56; 1it


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oa1t >a1 a0 -sa0. Da1 a t154t 4n ti> oa15a1; 0it1at41a s-ao0tat; 94st40 480i5404i s-a o0tat ai a1 ni5i 4n 1o0 ; 0 Maio1s54 a1 1tat. C:ia1 a1ti5o040 51iti5 in41>6 a0 -sa0 a1at6 56 51iti5a; 54> s 65a @naint; ?na ni>i5a @n 0o-540 i D0 Maio1s54 n4 n s4n ni>i5; ni5i >65a1 n4 a5 1oa04i 56 a1 i /ist?n o 51iti56 >o1n6; 5a1 n4 n4>ai 56 n4i1 @nat6 5 0it1at41a s o0t6; a1 i>ot1i6; a4n9 tot>ai 4t1ni56. N4 54noaniat6 a0t 8a; o 51iti56 0in6 4t1; 5a1 1i

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53Studii critice

5a46 @nt1 o1a a1tisti56 ; 04?n @n sa>6 t>1a-

>nt40 a1tist404i; si:i540 04i; o1a a1tisti56 a t184it s6 i to5->ai a st; a> is; a1at6 096t41a @nt11tist 04 a 06>41i >ai 8in 9?n40 nost14. Iat6 4n ot.16s6t41i0 5a1a5t1isti5 a0 oii0o1 04i s4nt >0an5o0ia a?n56;

48i1a nt14 antasti5; @n5?t ot40 8oa16-n a1 o1i s 544n6

n 166stii a?n5i @n 0o5 a 94sta 14>4s=i0 5 s4nt @>16?nt ii. C1iti5a n a a16ta ot n1os; 440=4>it 4n s @n=09 >0an5o0ia oii0o1 04i. C1i-5a @0 a a16ta t16in @nt1-4n o1a< >a1; 51s54t @n o1a4s=i0 nat41ii; 641i0; 5?>ii0; >4n=ii; 0an41i0 @ntins

560at @n 04>ina a41i a soa104i o1i @n 04>ina a19inti a 04niiKot40 @n 5oi061ia sa a stat s48 @n1?41i1a 4ni >a> 8i9ot; 5a1>0a 5a40 5oi0404i 54 8as> 10i9ioas; 54 91o6nii0 ia4-4i. Iat6 a1 /0i5a1a antasti5404i @n oii0 a1tist404i 61a=6; 5a1 n-a 4t4t s-o o8-1 5?t 1ast1a @n94st6 a 4ni 40i= n541at. }n s?1 ot40 s-a @n169ostit; i ai nai; >ai @n516to1; >ai n1os; >ai a-ionat. Iat6 5 1ana ni5ioat6 n4 s-a >ai @n5:is; 5 @i s?an6 ini>6. Iat6 /0i5a1a 41ii; n6ii; 80st>404i;0?ns404i 54 :o:ot; 5a1 845ns5 5?n o18i; @n 5a1ot40 n4>ai 5a 5a1 0-a t16at. +i ast0; as 54 as ni


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s /0i56 toat 61=i0 5a1a5t1isti5 a0 51a=i4nii ot404i; i154 i1 s =s 096t41a @nt1 ot 06>41it 5 51a=i4na ot404i sta40t >ai 1=ioas 5?t 51iti5i0; st @ns6o a1t @n 5a1 0451a1a 51iti5404i >o1n >ai @ns>nat6 5?t

'i %ie iteratur des neune'nten 7a'r'underis in i'ren FauptstrDmungeniteratura secolului al GIGlea din punctul de "edere al curentelor principaleK n..; ' . Ban; a9. 3*!.


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55Studii critice

a a1tist404i. A5ast6 @ns>n6tat >ai >a1 io16ni @n 9n1a0; oa>ni 1?nK 51iti540 st4ia6 a1tiai >40t o1i >ai int1san=i; >ai inst145tii; nt14 56@n s40t40 0o1 s o90inai 8in o5a @n toat6 5o>0/itatai; 5?t @n s40t40 4n4i si>04 >41ito1. Ai1a8i0 5a a1t67 >aa> Boa1; C:a10sBoa1 si=140; Lon t5. Isto1i540 a5404i nost14 n4 a4ta s6 n4 54noas56 ti41i0 04i )0a481t; 565i 0 @0 o1 04>ina@n 1iin=a i=ii oa>ni0o1 in )1an=a @n a540 a5sta. Da1 54

5?t >ai inst145ti a i nt14 isto1i540 a5404i a0 I-0a ti405o>0/ a0 04i )0a481t @ns4ai >40t s-a o90init @n)0a481t ia=a a5404i nost14 @n toat6 5o>0/itata iC1 56 a5st 4=in 54int s4nt a4ns nt14 5a s6 oat6

a o1i5in os8i1a @nt1 51iti5a >o1n6 t1>inat @n56. A> is 56 51iti540 t184i s6 ana-0i si:i540 a1tist404i nt14 a /0i5a o1a 04iK @ns6 a5ast6

sta1 si:i56 1i5in4it6; at?1n6 si:i540 515404i @n 5a1 s@n?1t a0at 096t41a @nt1 o1a a1tisti56 /0i5at-o 1in n1oitataa 04iK 41a @>o-t1ia >i0o1; 1in o t16a1 >i a0a 56


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@nt1ista1a 0an5o0ia 04i a4 ost @ns40an5o0i 404i 10i9ios; 5a1 a oit s6 i-0 ins40>a>a 04i a0a 1i5ina @n sta1a 10i9ii; @n at40 56 10i9iaaa >ai >a1 @n1?41i1 as41a >i0o1. L4514 5a1 0a 1?n40s64 s ato1it7 st61ii >iii @n so5itat.}n s?1 a 56 n4-i io0at;5i oa1t o8ii40 @n 5a1 t16ia ot40; a0a 56 sato1i0o1 @n so5itat; 51a a0t6 5a0 @n insti9a=i4ni0 51iti5 o5a0 in1s67 @n 0o5 a 05a 0a o1a a1tisti56 nt14 a n1ii5a ?n6 0a na=i4na @n 5a1 s-a iit; 4t>; 46 />040 at Tain; s6 056> 0a 1asa; na=i4na in 5a1 a5 a1t o-t40; s6 ana0i6> >ai @nt?i oo140; =a1a @n 5a1 s-a n6s54t 0; n-t14 5a s6 ini> toat 5oni=i4ni0 5a1 a4 in04n=at as41a 04i;

41>6 s6 t15> 0a ot; 0a ana0ia 04i si:i56 i0o540 nat41a0 0a >i0o-540 so5ia0 ?n6 0a o1a a1tisti56. D1t i06 s1 o ast0 0451a1 4t> 04a >on4>nta0a o16 a 04i TainIstoria literaturii englee. Tain @n5 54 ana0ia 5oni941a=i4nii 9o91ai5>i0o5404i nat41a0; aoi st4ia6 1asa i1ii na=i4nii n90. P 41>6 ana0ia6 so-5itata n906


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57Studii critice

ast6; 1a 4=in si9416; s4nt> @ns6 a1t a o n9a; 4654> a5 B1ans; HnnV4in; G4a4 ; 5i 51> 56 40ini5at >ai s4s 45 0a a50a40t >ai ot1iit a 04a 5a 4n5t 05a1 5:ia1 a5ast6 o16a1tisti56; @n s5:i>8 5?n o18a a ana0ia o an4>it6 0it1a-t416 @n @nt19i>; 4n 541nt 0it1a1 @nt19; 54> ; i06; 50asi-5is>40 o1i 1o>antis>40; at4n5i 14>40 ini5at Tain >aiot1iit. P?n-a54> a> o18it s1 @n1?41i1a >i0o5404i so5ia0 as4-

1a 51a=i4nii 0it1a1 i0o540 na-t41a0 ai 4=in @ns>-nat6. Consi1?n o1a a1tisti56 5a 4n at @>0init; 51iti5a o ana- HnnV4in @n 5a1ta 04ia critiHue scienti/iHue; o 5a1t 5a1 541in?ta 1i in9nioas; a1 >ai >40t 91 s @nt?>06 asa; 5a sin-941 @nt1-o /a91a=i 5ont1a16. In04n=at to1ia a8s416 a 04i Ba9:otia 5nt1a06 a 04i Ba9:ot st 56 n4 s4>>4> 5oni=i4ni0o1 isto1i5 a5

1oi; oa>nii s41io1i; 5i 1oii; oa>nii s41io1i a5 isto1ia; s4s=in6 n4 >i40 a5 a1tist; 5i a1tist40 a5 >i40. B1ans @nt1-o 5on1in=6

480i56 =in4t6 @n Pt1o91a o0t6 a5ai-a8i06; a614t6 a54> art au point de "ue sociologiHue >40t >ai a1oa

a61. Noi; 46 54> a> >ai is; 51> 56 toat 56i0 ini5at

Tain; Saint-B4; B1ans; HnnV4in; G4a4 45 0a a50ao1tan=6 a t184i s6 n s1i> 4n >to sa4 a0t40. +i noi s4nt> 5ont1a /a91a=ii 04i Tain; ast06 @n 1nt40 a1ti5o0; 5a1 a a614t >ai @naint 5?t 5a1ta 04i HnnV4in;

5?t a 04i G4a4 15o>anat 4n 14>n1s 5?t a0 04i Tain. Bin@n=0s; n4 56> @n /a91a=ia a n9a 54ot40 4n >to 5614ia @i ato1i>Istoria literaturii englee. }n o04>40 a0

oi0a a0 51iti5i0o1 noast1; a> 4n a1ti5o0 s5ia0 @n a5ast6 1iin=6. Cauapesimismului $n literatur[ #i "ia\[n. .


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0ia6 5a ata1. Mai @nt?i 51iti540 4n @nt18a1 o1i a1tis-ti57 4n ai nit C4> ai nit 04>a a5asta Cin-=i 51ato140 t5. D46 >40t6 t146; @n 5a1 aso1i 51iti5a i1

n6a a 566ta 4n 16s4ns >65a1 a1oa 06>41it 4n16s4ns 0in 06>41it st 4tin=6; 46 >40t6 st614in=6;5?n @n s?1a i>; a 40o1; 5 ais6 a5i @nt1 noi o1i s60?n9> N i a5 s6 8in54?nt6> o1i s6 80st>6> N ia5 s6 i48i> o1i s6 41?> N i a5 oa1 s6 n @n5:in6> 04i;>a104i io0; io140 04>inii; i48i1ii Satani sa4 i=0404i a41 S4n Da1 iin56 a5st 5oi0 s48-0i> 16s4n n4>ai 50o1 5a1 @ s6 5a4t 5 an4> i5oan; 5 ii; 5 ia041iso5ia0 o1a0 s4nt @nt14at @n o1a a1tist404i; 5 si>=6>inta4 5on4s >?na a1tist404i Ca1 s4nt a50 snti>nt 5 s-a4@nt14at @n o1a 04i =41i0 5 n a /-

5ita nit6 s6 ai86; 5 @n1?41i1 45atoa1 a aa a +i 5?n 51iti-5a a 1i>it 16s4ns a1 a5ast6 o1=6K si>=6>int0 5n a s491a; 5?t 4t1ni5 o1 i s491atK a56 a n 5:a>60a 4n an4>it ia0; 5?t 4t1ni56 a5ast6 5:>a1K a56s491a6 an4>it 5on5=ii i0ooi5 o1i so5ia0; 5?t ta1i s4nta5st 5on5=ii a1; 5?t ast6 51a=i4na a1tis-

t404i +i 5?n a aa 4n 16s4ns


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59Studii critice

a5 5a in 41>6 @nt18a17 1in 5 >i0oa5 a1tist40 0451a6 as4-1a si:i5404i nost14 P1in 5 >i0oa5 51a=i4na 04i n in-04n=a6 noi Ai5i a i o18a sti0; 1it>; 1i>6; isa;

s51i=ia nat41ii; 5o>8ina=ia 041it6 i5oan; atin91a 54t61io1i 54t61i 5oa1 a ini>ii; 54t61i o1i 54t61i 5oa1 a 51i1i-o1 t5.}nt1-4n 54?nt; @n a5st at14 @nt1861i s 5on5nt1a6 toat6451a1a 51iti5404i. C1iti5a t184i s6 16s4n6; 46 oinia noas-167 4n in 51a=i4na a1tisti56; 5 in04n=6 a aa a; 5?t

si9416 40t o1i >ai 4=in a>6n4n=it 6 o 0451a1 51iti56. S @n=09 56 ai5i a> ini5at 5a 5 a1 io 51iti56 15t6; ia06; a1 a56 51iti5a a a5 4n s1t s1tin a5ast6 0451a1; @n56 a i o o16 >1ito1i. A45?n 14>4051iti5ii 5ont>o1an a5 50 4=in 5a; 5?n41>?n 14>40 5:i; o1i n4 o> a5 ni>i5; o1i; 5a 5 ai 164; o> a5 5a anaoa.Ai5i t184i s6 a5> na61at o a8at1; nt14 a @n61ta o

n@n=091. C?n i5> 51iti56 a1t a51 56 51iti5a a a4ns o a1t ai 611a 04i #o0a; 5a1; o18in4-n 51iti5a >o1n6; n

o18 9o>t1i5. }n 51iti5a 0it1a16n4 4t> @n56 aa 09i nst16>4tat; to1> tot a41it

5a @n 9o>t1i; 54> n4 a> ni5i @n so5io0o9i. Un so5io0o9 5a1a1 s4n 56 @n so5io0o9ia to1> tot a41it t1i; o1i n4 at>a-i56; o1i n4 54noa


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a1tist; nt14 a-0 a5 s6 t16ias56; nt14 a n a16ta 54> s-a51at o1a a1tisti56; si941 51iti5 @0 a a4ta si:o0o9ia >o-1n6; a1 51iti5404i @i a t184i int4i=ia; insi1a=ia; 4n ta0nt -

os8it; 616 5a1 5a >ai s6?1i404i so5ia0 as41aa1tist404i; 40ti0i0o1 a5-to1i so5ia0i }n toat a5sta ta5t40 in4natK 5i int4i=ia oa56 1o0 54>6nito1 @n 51iti5a s-tti56. G4st40 0it1a1; 540t41a 0it1a16; ai56 st4i1a o10o1 >a1iin 0it1at41i0 50o1 >ai @naintat na=ii; @n s?1 045141i n@n=0s )i1 a> is; 5:ia1 @n 51iti5astti56 o1n6 @n5 s6 ai86 1o0 in 5 @n 5 >ai >a1.}n 5?ta 54int; iat6 5 oi> s6 i5>7 51iti5a >o1n6 tin ai in 5 @n 5 >ai a st 4tin=6 a i 51iti5

616 a aa o >a1 540t416 ai 5a 1t t>0i int10a ai o


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61Studii critice

)iin56 n4 >ai 4t> 04n9i a5st a1ti5o0; o> a 4n />04a1 a 04>ina 41ian6tat 54 5?t s o0t6 >ai >40tt1at41a ; oat 0isi; 616 a 56o1n6 /0i5atoa1; 54 tot40 i>ot1i6; 54 5?t so0t6 0it1at41a a1tisti56; a4n9 ai @ns>nat6. }n61; s6 n @n5:i4i> 4n oo1 0a @n54t40 o0t61ii sa0 0i-1a1. Lit1a=ii at4n5a o1 i oa>ni si>0i; 5a ta0nt; 5asi:i5K as>na i1i0 so5ia0; >i0o540 so5ia0 @n 5a1 s

o0t6 a1tist40 1i>iti 10ati si>04. C1iti540 5a1 a t184i6 n a56 ana0ia si:i56 a 4n4i a1tist 54 si:i5 oa1t 4=in 5o>-0/ o1i ana0ia 4n4i >i4 so5ia0; si>04; n4 n a 4ta s4n

>40t 045141i. C4 5?t @ns6 s o0t6 0it1at41a; 54 at?ta 0/; 54 at?tai 10a=ii0 so5ia0 s4nt >ai 5o>0/ ai 5o>0/6; >ai o0ositoa1. A n a ana-

a si:o0o9i56 a 04i M4sst; a n a o ana0i6 a >i0o5404i so5ia0in )1an=a >o1n6 04514 5?t 914; 5?t 5o>0/;a1 o1n. A is6 4na in 1o80>0 51iti5ii >o1n ana0ia snti>nt0o1 =6>int0o1i ii0o1 5 o1 i s491at 1in 51a=i4na a1tisti56 @n 5on5t6=nii

1tist404i7 ana0ia @ns>n6t6=ii so5ia0; 45atoa1; >o1a0iatoa1045161ii a1tisti5. Da1 54 5?t s o0t6 so5itata; 54 at?t so0t6 ii0 =6>int0; 54 at?t a4n9 >ai 8o9at; >ai a1i-t; >ai 5o>0/ si>=6>int0 o1tant6 n6tat tot >ai >a1; a4n9 tot >ai o0ositoa1; @n a50a


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a5ast6 os8i1 @nst406toa1 nt14 a a16ta o1n 5a t154t6; o1tan=6. +ti4; o1i >ai 8in @>i @n5:i4i; 56 s o1 96si >40=i; oat 5:ia1

5on1at0 S:n/; 5a1 n o1 i5 ?>8in7 Bin; oa1t 14->os 5?n n o18i=i 51iti5a 0it1a16 >o1n6; @nt>iat6 as>na 51iti5i; 5in 50 5a1 a14ta i 4n Saint-B4; 4n Tain o1i 4n B1ans 1o>?ns5}nt?>ina1a; >61t41isi>; oa1t a61at6. }n a61; n-a>@n56 4n TainK a1 n-a> ni5i 4n M4sst o1i )0a481t a54> 51iti56 0it1a16 s4nt> n4>ai 0o5=iito1ii a504ia5a1 a a 0a 5a1 a 4s-o 4nTain. Da1 a s4nt>; n4 n oa1 @n964it s6 n 56064i> 4n >to 4n Tain; a1 n4 >ai 4=in a61at 56 51iti5a noast16;@n1tat6 5a0a >o1n6; oat s6 a456 >a1 o0os. Da5651iti5a n4 n a a o =s6t416 5o>0/6 61i>a i; oat @ns6 s6 n 06>41as56 4n0 in @>14161i01in5ia0 5a1 a4 a4t @n1?41i1 as41a 4ni o1 a1tisti5; 5a5 oat s6 a456 04>in6 @n 1iin=a a5sti o1; 04514 ia16nat nt14 isto1i540 iito1 a0 0it1at41ii 1o>?n. Da56n4 4t> s6 6> 4n ta80o4 @nt19 a0 >i0o5404i so5ia0 41i>54> i0o5 a @n1?41it as41a o1i a1tist404i;o> 4ta @ns6 a16ta @n1?41i1a 54t614i o1i 54t614i a5to1 so5ia0

as41a a1tist404i. A5sta @ns6 4n 04514 at?t o0osito1 n-t14 5ont>o1anii nonat nt14 isto1i540iito1 a0 Ro>?nii. }n a5a; o0>i5a 51iti56 @-8a 5a1a5t140; @n?1tin4-s 0?n96 5:stii 9n1a0; a1 ni>i5i1a si1it404i 54>t1ii


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63Studii critice

( ( (S4nt @n56 o46 5:stii @n 1iin=a 561o1a a> 1oit s6 n

@n=09> 54 5on1at0 nost14 0aom`nia liber[. D04i S:n/

a1 56 n4-i 0a5 o8i5i40 4no1a a 51iti5a 4n s51iito1 ainoanin; 54 1i040 4n4ia1tist >io514 o1i 4=in ta0ntat; a1ti40 4>806 54 i5ioa10; a i57 O>40 4>80654 i5ioa10; 54> a is 4n >a1 i0oo t5. }nt1-4n 54?nt;s4nt> o 611 54 S:n/; a56 o18a 51iti540 0aNa\iunea. N4 o> i @ns6 0o5 o 611; a56 -sa a1 1oi s69n1a0i; os?nin @n 9n1a0 5ita=ii0 ni1a n4>>a1i; 5?n o18a s51iito1ii nona=i. D0 D-

0a1an5a a s51is o 51iti56 @nupta literar[6n4nt0o1


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8in s51iito1i0o1 no0 >a1i in st16in6tatBin@n=0s 56 toat a5sta t184i s6 ai86 1ost40 0o1K @n a5ast61iin=6 s4nt> -o 611 54 0 S:n/.

A o4a 5:sti @n 5a1 n4 s4nt> 611a 04i S:n/ 50asii5a1a s51iito1i0o1 @n 914 o1i nt61ii s51iito1i0o1 @n 54ta1 sa4 54ta1 @n oo0o9i @nt184in=6> 50asii5a1a; a a 50o1 s51is D0a1an5a; ni5i at40 56 n4 sasa>6n6 @n tot40 54 54ta1 o1i 54 54ta1 s51iito1 n-a1 i 4n a194-

>nt nt14 51iti56 a n4-0 50asa @nt1-o 9146 o1i @n a0ta; @nt1-o


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65Studii critice

i5Fns; Go19 E0iot; )0a481t os8i1 5o0osa06; 54 toat a5-ta @i 50as6> to=i @n 4n t4t41o1. Ai1.0asii5a1a @n 0it1at416 a1 a50a @n 1t81at; a1tooa1; >o0461=i> nt14 a 4ta >ai 4n0 nat41ii.

ot a ni>i-a is; 50asii5a1a @n 0it1at416 @n56 5?t s oat 1i-iti6K tot a 56 n4 t184i s6

o0osi> 50asii5a1a a54>a ?n6 0a a0ta >ai 84n6.A1 i tot aa 5?n a i o 50asi-5a1 >ai 84n6K o1i a56 4n oo0o9 >o1n a1 s4n 56 n4 t1-4i s6 @nt184in=6> 0o5 50asii5a1a >o1n6; s48 54?nt 5646 1o o46 a541i o> aa o 50asii5a1 >40t >ai s6?140=4>i=i i>15=iaasii5a=ii0o1 ast6i; 5a1 >40t o1i n-a4 a0t io1 5?t ant-a 51iti5404iK a1 @n a50a 1i5> in6> >ai 8in

5st 5?ta 54int s1 51iti5a >o1n6; 5?t 5it?n 14-

oas0 54int a0 04i G. B1ans s1 si1it40 51iti5ii 5a1 at14ns oia >o1n6; 1o>an40


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si1it40 51iti5 a0 a5404i @n 9n1a0 ai o a1t >i56; a1 st40 @ns>nat6. C1iti5a; ai56 a140 a t15 st >a19ini0 1i>iti a0

5a1a5t1404i s64 1o1i4; a4tat a140 4ni si>atii n4ni0a-t1a0; a ost o @ns4ai >a1i o=i aia5404i nost14. Ast0 a @n=0s 51iti5a E>i0 MontW94t; 5a1 a n4>it-o 9ni40>in @nt1 si1it. C1iti5a i5 0 st a 5a >46. C4?nsa 1a 56s6to1it @n tain6 >a10 Got:. Ea a 654t in 0o465i o=i. Ca1-i t>0ia 0it1at41ii 91>an; a56 n4 51i-ti5a Po=ii n90i ast6i 5-s C1iti5i >o=iona=i. C st no-8i040 Loa1i a0 Ita0ii Un 51iti5 @n06561at. Din to=i o=ii noi;n4>ai B1on a1tin n-a4 ost 51iti5i; 51iti-5a @nt1-4n @n=0s >ai 0a19 ai 1o1i4; at4n5i 5a a5ast6 in41>6 >619ini1. C65i 5a @ns4ai >a1i 0i1i5iai a5404i. Ea st insi1atoa1a 04i 'i5to1 H49o; a 04i B1on; a

04i Go19 San; 5a a1tin. }nat6 5 oia @n5ta6 a sta @n5:is6 0a ii0 ii 5ont>o1an; @nat6 5o=ii 0i1i5i-1a>ati5i s 1a5 @n o19an a0 ii0o1; s si>t 4n0>nt i4 @n oia 0o1 51iti56. Ea a 654t H49o s6 s51i Ls5:?ti>nts ns514>40. Ea @n91640 ina6 54 a50. Ea s5:i14>41i noi 4t6 >4n=ii

in 0o5; a 5a056 s48 i5ioa1 toat @n60=i>i0 41ia

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67Studii critice

TENDEN"IONISMUL +I TE#ISMUL }N ART{

M61t41iss5; @>i a1 8in i a1 164 totoat6 1i0405 >i-a at 0 Ro>an; s6 o18s5 s1 >in @ns4>i. }>i a1164; nt14 56 oi i noit s6 o18s5 s1 1soana >a; 04-514 5 ai a1 @ns6 8in; nt14 56 ast0

oi 4ta s040.+i a54>a t15 0a 5:sti.D0 Ro>an i5 56 n4 s 4nin @n 1iin=a a1ti;

@ns6 oa1t a1t a 06>41i @n 5 K a 4t4t 1i5 @n tot40 5 1as6 s4n6 -sa. C:ia1 0a @n54t40 81oadic[ euB pune ideea social[ pe planul $nt`i+

iar arta pe al doilea. Aice ne deosebim... iteratura $ns[+ #i $n special poeia+ dup[ p[rerea noastr[+ trebuie s[ r[m`ie $n primul

locart[. Mai a1t; -sa i5 56 tot ai a5ai s a1at 4n

s4s 4 as>na 1osti. Poat @ns6 0 Ro>an @>ot1iatnin=0o1 so5ia0 /1i>at @n oi Aai >a1; 480i5at

n Contemporanul; s48 tit040 41>6to17%irec\iunea Contemporanului. }0 ti61s5;nt14 56 a9ini0 a5sta @>i a1 56 /0i56 >ai 8in to1ia 0it1a16 541ins6n a5st o04>. Pa1ta 5 >ai 16>?n in a1ti5o040 5itat a int1a @n o04>40

oi0a. A1ti5o040 in Contemporanula ost 480i5at 5a 16s4ns 0a o 81oan.

CUPRINS

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5 a616 54 at?ta o5 E>ins54; 4>80?n a oi 56 @noii0 04i a1 tnin= 0i81a0; 1o91sist }n 50 5?ta a9ini4n o18a s1 >in 0 Ro>an i57 G1i =in o 05=i s1 at4056 oat s6 i 4n 04514 oa1t o0osito1; 616 a i oti5. A> >ais4s 56 ni5ioat6 n4 >i-a t154t 1in >int s6 a>st5 5ono>iao0iti56 54 oiaK a54>; ot s6 aa49 56 >40t 40t; oa1t >40t at1ia0 oii; ia1 ai a1t; asa>6n6 ot 5-o a08in6 5a1 n 6 045141i 405i; 7 096t41a @nt1 ii@n 9n1a0 i 0a 0 Ro>an. A0 oi0a; -sa n4 >-a @n=0s 8in;50 4=in n4 >-a @n=0s 54> a< o1i s6 i4 @n=0s. Poat 56 s4nt

5 n4 >-a4 @n=0s an7 s 56 n-a> s040.Da1 a> s51is @n56 1a 4=inK n4 n4>ai 56 n-a>s4s tot; 46 54> 54 1t 54?nt i5 0 Ro>an; a1 a> s4soa1t 4=in; s4s n-a> s4s 5o>0t. C:stii0 0it1a1;stti5 s4nt a41


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69Studii critice

14161i0o1 so5ia0 >i0o540 so5ia0. Toat >anist61i0 si1it4-4i o>ns5 @n 9n1a0; 5i i0o540 nat41a0 a1t6; n4 >?960it41io1i a0sii5a1a a1ti s 145; 0a 41>a 41>i; 0a @n1?41i1a>i0o5404i nat41a0 1si 654t6 >i0o540nat41a0; i06 4n 16s61it soa1 o1i o i so5ia06; 54> st48i1a oa>ni sa4 i48i1a 56t1 >i; n4 a iai 54> a int1at. I>1sia a 96si o s4>6 i>1sii a4-

nat; o s4>6 ii; a 96si 4n sist> n1os os8it; 5a1 0ana6i1a

i>1sii @n sist>40 n1os; a4na1a ii t5. in o1i a >i0o540 nat41a0; o1i 0a 50 so5ia0. D5i; 54> a> is; 51a=i4na

a1tisti56; 0a 41>a 41>i; st 1i5in4it6 @n1?41i1a >i0o5404i

nat41a0 6 a1 @n1?41i1a :o-61?toa1; 0 50 56tni. C:ata481ian; nt14 a n a5oana >61a=6 a nat41ii s608ati5; a t184it s6 >a196 @n A>1i-

5a in4nata 9ta=i; to5>ai 4n >ai608ati56 ai 14>oas6. Ds51i1a i18int; @no5at6; a nat41ii

1a>nt n1os; i18inta; ao>o1?t 1at0 04i 81ii a>i0ii C:ata481ian; o >ani 5a1 a 654t so1a 04i6 int1 0a >6n6sti1 @n 0oa1a tin1=iiK 40 si>ist 6s416


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8o0n6i5ioas6; o a1t; ia1 a0ta 1in 4n 5o>0/ in04n= so5ia0. +i a 96si;@n 4n0 1iin=; o 096t416 5a46 @nt1 >i0o540 so5ia0 in. Din a5st 8a4na>nta0 is tot 5 a> s4s ?n6 a54>a @n 1iin=a to1-ti56 0it1a16. As41a a5sto1 5?ta 5:stii 4na>nta0; 5i 5a1o1 s6 >6 51iti5 t184ia4 s6-is s4nt a0s; at4n5i; si941; oa1t >40t in 505 a> is s4nt a0sK a56 @ns6 s o1 4ni 54 >in @n 1iin=a a5s-


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71Studii critice

o1 1>is nis5; 4n 04514 s41anat41a0; 5a1 st6 as41ai @n aa1a so5it6=ii. Bin@n=0s 56 o >40=i> no>n; at a1tisti5 s4nt a0t0 /0i5at o to1i; o 54 tot40 o4s.D0 Ro>an; 46 54> s ; a5 a1t; 46 51in=0 sa0t1a1; in o1n6; @ns6; 5a oa1t >40=i a0=ii; n4 41it o >40=i> 5:stii 0it1a1; stti5; taii5. C4 a0t 54int; oa1t 8in s6 04>in6> a50 5?ta 5:stiioa1t @ns>nat 5a1 0 1ii56 0 Ro>an in. Ataii56 s 16s5oa06 @>ot1ia @nt184in=61ii 54int-

o1 o0osito1 6to1. )o0osito1 6to1 s4nt 54int 84n @nt184in=at; 5?n o18a tin9i1i o1i 1a5:i4. Tin9i1a o0ositoa1 6to17 a1 a1ta; 4n a1 51s5; a1ta; 0oa-a


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5a1 a0ta a si1it404i o>ns5 6toa1. Oat6 5 st /1i>atoa1a ii0o1 nt0o1 o>n ii nts6n6toas; atoa1 ii nt 10; 6toa1. To=i 5itito1ii no6toa1. Da56 0 Ro>an a1 i 14t s6 5o>8at6 ii0 >0 @n 1iin=ao0osito1404i ai-naint toat a1t6 at>ati5i0 is0 to1ti5/4s >ai s4s; s a 06>41i oa1t 8in ai 8in 5:stia at?t >40t is54tat67 tendin\a .nart[; arta tenden\ioas[. A5ast6 5:sti a a4ns a61ata9o9o1i=6 a stti5i0o1 >taii5i 41it6. }n a61; a56 o 51a=i4n a1tisti56 140tanta@n1?41i1ii >i0o5404i nat41a0 i0o540 nat41a0 a tnin=0 >i0o5404i 5-0 @n5onoa16K 51a=i4na a1tist404i a/1i>a; @nt1-4n 0 o1i @n a0t40; tnin=0 o5ii @n 5a1 t16i


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73Studii critice

ia0. Bin@n=0s; o oi 5 s51i 4n asin=it soa1 n4/1i>6 tnin=0 so5ia0 a0 4ni o5iK a1 noi n4 1a 54-oa o=i >a1i 5a1 s6 s i @n0tni5it n4>ai 54 s51i1i

16s61it41i a1i; @n toat ti>4-i0 at ii >a1i so5ia0; ai >a1i; 54 at?ta >ai 0in a4 /1i>at i tnin=0o5ii 1; So:o50; Dant; Loa1-i; B1on; S:00; M4sst; 'i5to1 H49o; Got: t5. n-a4 ost oa1nia0i /1i>ato1i ai tnin=0o1 so5ia0 a0 oo1404i 0o1; a0o5ii 0o1

E st 4tin=6 a a5 @nt1 ii 56 ii0 so5ia0 a4 5?>40 0o1 8in>619init; ia1 a1ta as>na a1 a0 i; 46 54> n s4n

0 Ro>an a9. (2. Ii0 an /1i>6 ii0 at @n oi Ai5i >i-

40 5:stii. C4 ii0 >a1i so5ia0 int1o4s @n oi s 1t650aa 54 toat ii0 >a1i 10i9ioas; i0ooi5; 5ono>i-o-so5ia0 La ii1a 0o1; 0 s4nt :4i4it; 04at @n 1?s; 50titin 041it 1i5ini. Unii oa>ni; 5:ia1 int0i9n=i; a5 a5asta innt1s; a0=ii o a5 in n1i51; a0=ii 1i567 P61in=ii 61in=i0o1oni >ain16n=i; 5a1 >40t o1i 06ts5 as>na @n16na06 54


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ia=a 0o1. C?t 4=in @ns6 ia @; a6140 5?6tat a5 ?n6 5 51iti5a s6@n5a6; @n s?161t41isi 56 S:00 50 >ai >a1 ot n-

90 in a540 nost14; 56 >ai 1s4s B1on


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75Studii critice

4n9 S:aFsa1 . T184i s6 s4n> @ns6 4n a61; 56 54int0 antitnn=io404i at6

o> a 54> 1i5> a5st 54?nt; 5on4n?n4-0 54nin=a so5ia06 a a1ti.D a0t6 a1t; 41s5 st40 os8i1a 5a >a1 5 /ist6 @nt1 tnn=ionis> tis>. 'oi st614i s6 /0i5 ai5i s541t a5ast6 os8i1. D@n54t @ns6; t184i s6 >61t41iss5 56 o180 tis> 0 @nt184in= a18it1a1. }n 0i>8a o8i?no46 @n-84in=a6; 0a @nt?>0a1; o1i o18a tenden\ionism; o1i teism.4> a> s4s; nt14 >in a5st o46 s1ii s4nt oa1t os-

t; s4nt 5i noit s6 a4 i561ia in 0 o n4>i1; i 5:ia14 1i>ia a a45 oa1inta 5itito-0o1. D a0t>int10a 4 n4 =in 0a 54int; =in n4>ai s6 s a56n os8i1a @nt1 a5st o46 s1ii ii; i s o1

a n4> >ai ot1iit; 0 oi 1i>i 54 0651. C4 a0t 1i0 oi>41i; @n toat6 @ntin1a i; 0a19; os8i1a a?n56 int1is> K ai5i oi s4n n4>ai 5?ta 54int; a1

a1; 51; o1 i st40 06>41it.Una in t16s6t41i0 5a1a5t1isti5 a0 ti


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s @nt?>06 ai56; a4n9?n ?n6 0a a s4n04514 a8s41 56 @ns4a 56; 46

54> to=i oa>nii n4 =in> sa>6 iio=i ot s6 @n= 50at14 1940i; tot ast0 to=i a1 4ta i o=i. Ei n4 s4n a5asta06>41it; a1 annai @na0tK tot aa1 o> 5a to=ioa>nii; a1 4n ti s41io1. N4 i5a1 o> oat s6 s a56ot; a1; 0a na n1os in; 4n ti >ai @na0t. Un 56=0 a16> 54 @ns4at>ati56; a1 t184i s6 5o>a16> Got: 54 Li8nit; NQ-

ton o1i E401. Got: ai @na0t a0o0t61ii o>n416

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77Studii critice

on nt14 19; ia1 >?in oat a5; nt14 1at1ia0 a0 i=ii;tist40 ot oat as>na ai s6 a56 o o6 >in4nat6 19-i; >?in 4n 5?nt5 1o04=iona1. P05?n 0a o46 4n5t 1 os8it; a1 a>?no46 91taii5ii 64t; >ai a1oa ti noi. }n54156t41a s naan n4i s6 os8as56 tis>40 tnn=ionis>K s naan 1ii56; 46 54> a> is; >ai >40t 5:stii oa1ts>nat in 4n0 4n5t 1; 5 5i n4 >-a< o0osi

a5st 1i0; nt14 a->i s4n 4 Citito1ii1 s-a4 5onins in 50 s4s ?n6 ai5i 56 n4 5o>8at> 0

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Ro>an; 5i 564t6> a 04>ina 5?ta 5:stii 0it1a1; at?t @n5?05it; in n1i5i1; o1 41>a @naint a5st a1ti5o0; ?n4->i 1tat a56 o oi aa; a16t?n4->i 56 n-a> 1tat a56

n4 oi i a?n. A >6 04>ina >in ina a0=ii; a0t6o1in=6 n-a>.( ( (

D0 Ro>an 5a1a5t1ia6 i15=ia 0it1a16 5a1 >6 =in ?n6. }n 1iin=a 5a1a5t1i61iin-a> aa ni>i5a is; a56 4n0 511i a0 noast1 n4 0-a1 i1i54t 5a> a0t0 5?t a> i 1oit. A0 a1i 04at @nt1-4n @n=0s >ai 0a19; a1 56 0-a 04at0 Ro>anK a61at 56 a> is o=i0o17 C?nta=i @n >i; n4n4>ai a>ant6; a1 ai >40t; @na1ti5o040 s1 0 Maio1s54; a> is 16sis; a> st614it s?16toa10 54-

int7 U>0=i-6 ini>a ai @na0t snti>nt ai @na0t6 >o1a06 aa5404i ost14 nat; 45atoa1 o1a0iatoa1=i 1o45. Din tot 5 a> s51is; n4 in 54ta1 o1i 54ta1 0o5;41>a6 56 noi n4 6> ni5i o 1=t6 o1i t6 46 5a1 51> s6s51i o=ii; 5i o1i> 5a ot40 s6 s 6t14n6; ?n6 @n 50 >ai>a1i a?n541i a0 s40t404i s64; o i sa4 4n snti>nt >a1;

ai at4n5i s6 s51i. P 4n ot 5a1 6t14ns o i 5on-t1a16 54 a0 noast1; n91 s6t4i s6 s51i a n-a1 065a no46. Da56 4n ot ta0ntat >i-a1 a5 5insta s6 >6@nt18 s1 5 s6 s51i; i-a< 16s4n 41>6toa107 #i; ot;a5a 5 @=i a1 s40t40; 5 a5 ini>a ta s6 8at6 54 411 o1i54 84541i; 5 @=i a1


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79Studii critice

54 o5:ii s5:ini1a50ant 4n5s5 ai iin56 snti>nt0 4n5s5; 41i0

atii0 ta0 o1 i a=?=at @n 5itito1ii t6i; 5a4t6 t 6t14n 50 >ai @na0t; 50 >ai s480i> ii nt a0a5404i; 5a ast0 s6 ii n4 n4>ai ot >a1; a1 a15t6=an. C1 56 oa1t a1t 0a a5st 54int ?n6 0a na n4 n-a @n=0s 46 54>

a> o1it; 41>6to1407 0 Ro>an; 04?n 54int0 noast1 1t

=t o1i o=i s6 s51i a0t0 5?t 465?ta 1=t 5a1 0-a> at noi. D0 Ro>an >4st16 o=iiContemporanului 5 5?nt6 i48i1a nt14 >i ia 5t6=an6; 46 54> a is 0 G:1aK a5asta; 46 -a; 91a6 5ont1ai51; >ai a0s nt14 1a5=i; 5a1; a06t41a

54 a1ti5o00 >0; ti61 a @n=0s 0 Ro-

>an; a1 41>a 56; a56 4n4i ot @i 8at ini>a s6 i s 146; @i?5ns5 t?>00; i s @n?1t816=ia 56 noi n4 6> oi s6 s >anist @n

o1>6 a1tisti56 a5st snti>nt at?t o>na6 siin=6> to=i o=ii 5i >a1i ai o>ni1ii D 4n a 04at

-sa a5asta C6 a 96si 5?ta 1a 5a1 0-a1 4ta 04a s51is ?n6 a54>a 41>a6 54ot40 a0t5a. N4 o at6 a> is 56 toat snti>nt0 o>nat 1in a1t6. Mai >40t 5?t at?ta; in a1ti-5o00 >0 41>a6 4n 04514 as41a 5614ia at1a9> >ai a0s 04-a1a a>int; 41>a6 56 ot40 /1i>6 @n 51a=i4na sa toat6

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1sona0itata sa; 54 tota0itata snti>nt0o1 sa0 5?t a5st snti>nt. )i1a 56 4 a> ost 91oa as-14 ins54. Pnt14 a 06>41i a5ast6 5:sti;nt14 a->i a16ta 611a s1 E>ins54 i s046; oi a5 41>6toa1a 1o4n1. S6i5> 56 >40t ta0ntat40 nost14 ot E>ins54 >i-a1 i 1o4s s6ti61s5 s51i1i0 04i @n 1ist6. C1 oa1 0 Ro>an 56 n-a< iti61it >ai toat oii0 04i E>ins54 @n Contemporanul O1i 5156; ti61in4-0; a0G1a1 o a1t in s51i1i0 04i E>ins54; ins54 /1i>6 4n nt 14->oas; o>nii; 5o>6ti>i1 n-t14 50 @>i0at ?ns5;s61a5 @n =a16 s61a56. }n 1iin=a i48i1ii 56t1 >i; oii0 04iE>ins54 /1i>6 a>i1a8i0 o 14>oas6 nt o>ns5; 8i5i4is5 096t41i0 n94sto1nt 1o91sist; >aia0s @nt1-o so5itat @n 5a1 >a1 a1t in 56s6to1ii a4 54 tot40a0t6 1i5in6 5?t i48i1a7 st1a >ii; 0i0 8618at404i; @n14i-1i0 a456toa1 :at?141i t5. Iat6 5 aai toat oii0 04i E>ins54 @n 5a1 o18a i48i1a 56t1>i. +i ti61in4-0; a /1i>6 i48i-1a 1oti56; a1 totoat6 ai>ai @na0t 5?t 50 /1i>at ot; 56 ot40 nost14 a 4916ita>i1a8i0 5on5=ia snti>nt404i i48i1 nt14 >ia a>ant6;@ns6 n-a /1i>at 0 o 5on5=i >ai @na0t67 >ia 5t6=an6. R496> 5itito1i s6 n4 4it 56 @n a5st a1ti5o0 o18i> s1 oi

>ai a0s; ai >40t oia 0i1i56.

83/94

81Studii critice

A 4;

< 4n toat6 4t1a 5a s6 a=?= @n 0 a50 snti>nt 5 0 51

ai @na0t oas nt0 0 >ai @na0t s1 >i 0-aat a0t-0; 1in 14n 5:i 5a1 n4 51 atit4ini at?t s5ia0; 0-aat i @nt1-4n a1ti5o0 51iti5; i @n a1ti5o0 so5io0o9i5;

4> s4nt a0 ni Soia N6. C4 tot40 a0t0 a< a5 a56 a 5a1 40 04i E>ins54. Li>8a o8ist56 >40t s48 n4>0 si>is>.C?n 4n o>; 1i>in 4n ai 8inoa1t; 5?t ais>.

C?n @n 04t6 54 ti560o40 t1i4>?n oa-nii 1?n ais ai @na0t @ns4na1ii sa0 i48i1i t16at; 5a 5440 1in6 >ototo0in-o 46165i4nii ns41it 5 i-a 1i5in4it t16a1a; asta s 5:a>6si>is>.

C?n 4n o>; 5a1 s-a @>ot1iit 54 4t1 t4t41o1 >iai >a1 a1oiin4-s >ai a>nin=6toa1 5?t 50-0t; 54 s5o a-0 1o8i; n; 6 s6 t1a56 0ain a:a140 a5sta asta s 5:a>6 si>is>.

C?n 4n o> 14inat s40t0/ 5a4;

nat41a0; i so5ia0; 5?n a a4ns s6 a6 tot40 @n n914K 5?nn

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5:i1a 56 1640 st @n at40 /ist61ii @n Das Sin; To 8K5?n ia040 04i a4n9 a i niin=aK 5?n 96sai @na0t a0 iin=i niin=a at4n5i a5st o> si>ist ist 54ta1 o1i 54ta1 0; >ai -91a86 0-a a4t at toat. D46 54> >-a 1i54t 0 Ro>an; ni5i o186 56 n-ains-54. Da1 9140; @n @n=0s40 -s51is >ai s4s; oat 1i5in4i; @n 5?ta; 4n snti>nt s541aa1;aoi a0t6 a1t 1i5in4ist 5o>6ti>i1a nt14 s41in=6; 41a nt14 oa>nii ni>i56;1s5t40 nt14 >1it 6 0 si>is>; @n @n=0s40 ai s1i-os. Da1 s51i E>ins54; si>is>40i; 5a1 n4 s@noii56; n4>ai 841ta a1 a1t in s51i1i0 si>ist a0 04i E>ins54Ki140; @n @n=0s40s5:on:a41ian; a1 @n1?41i1 6t6>6toa1 as41a n19ii ti-n1i>ii; as41a 561ia a5 i>1si. A< 4ta s6 04n9s5 00o1; a1 5a s6 n4 ias6 a1ti5o040 1a >a1; oi o1>40a549ta1a >a @n 5?ta 54int.

}n 51a=i4na ot404i s o90in

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83Studii critice

5o; toat snti>nt0 04i n4 ot s6 5o1s4n6 4n4i ia0 an4->it. )i5a1 o> a1 65at0 04i; i5 oo140; nt ai >40t o1i >ai 4=in st16in;a 5:ia1 snti>nt nt 5 n4 5o1s4n 54

a040 51iti5404i; n4 1a s6 i56 ni5i 56 siin=6> ot40; ni5i 564nt> @>ot1ia 04i; ni5i 56 n4 oat i 480i5at6 51a=i4na1tisti56 @n 1ista @n 5a1 s51i 51iti540; @n 1ista a0 561i ia0 /1i>at 56t1 51iti5. N4 oat @ns>na anii a4 n91in 4n5t40 1 a0 4n4i an4>it ia0.Da1 o o8i5=i oat s6 n i 654t6; 4na oa1t s-

oas6. Din at40 56 to=i oa>nii a >ao1itat a 0o1; a4 o a1t 84n6 it ia0; a1 41>a 56 @nt1-o 1ist6 s-a1 4ta480i5a 51a=i4ni0 t4t41o1 o=i0o1; n4>ai s6 i ta0ntatK a1 41>an 0 n6sa1 >o1a06 a=6 54 o=ii. N4; asta n4 41>a6; ai a0s n-a< o1i s6 i4n=0s 164 @n a5ast6 1iin=6. Dsi941; ini1ntis>40 >o1a0 n4

1>a6 in 54int0 >0. Da56 o 0451a1 oti56 @n @nt1940i16 toat snti-

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1a=i4n oti56 a 561i ti61i1 a1 5o>1o>it 51in=0

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o> 10i9ios n4 a ti61i ot1ia ii0o1 1a5=ii. Toat 5a41i0 n4 ot i 164t

na=i ii 5-a a4t 1oat6 Ro>?nia n4->it 81oas56 ninoas6; o5it416; na; @n a0t 9n; n-a< ti61i !aiaa1 a1t; 1o4s n1o6 s/4a06 na n1o6 tin s6 s491 @n 5itito1i. Din 54int0>0 is n4>ai at?ta; 56 n4 st o >6s416 54 5a1 s-a1 4ta s6s 5?nt61as56 1o45=i4ni0; nt14 a na; 56 @n 5:sti a1t6 ai a0s a1t6 5a1 s @n0tni5404i;:ot61?1i0 si>0ist a0 04i Ro>an n4 ot s6 ai86 0o5K in 54in-t0 >0 >ai is 56; niin o >6s416 nt14 a o1-no91ai; ins40t a4s 1in5iii0o1 1isti; ta5t40 1a5=ii oa56@n a5st 5a 1o040 56tni 6 i48i1a 56t1 >i; s48 54?nt 56 st 4n ia0 >ai @na0t5?t 50 /1i>at @n 0K 41it; 56 n4 >-a @n=0s 8in 0 Ro>an; 5?n in 54int0 >0a 14t s6 a56 o a1>6 @>ot1ia 1a5=ii s4n 04i Ro>an >?nt4i. }n

a1ti5o040 >4 s1 E>ins54; a> s5os 5?t a> 4t4t 0a ia06@ns4st614it as41a at404i 56 ot40 a1 ia040 s64 @n t154t; @n 0o5 a-0 aa @naint. N4 i5 0 Ro>an a5asta o a8s41i-tat; o n1tatK E>ins54 n-a a4t ia040 s64 @n t154t; 5i a04at t154t40 iin56-i 6a >ai >40t >at1ia0 oti5K ni56i1a;i5 0 Ro>an; ot40 n-a @nso=it t154t40 ia041i noti5.

Ia040 ot404i s480i>40; 14>os40


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85Studii critice

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6 405. Da56 i48i1a 5aa01404i i in Scrisoarea I0

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n a61; s6 1s44n> 56 s oa1t6 54 ?na 1o8ii @n A>1i5a. S6 >ai i5> 56 4not s51i o o>6 @n 5a1; @n 1s41i n19i5; s4n 56 as>-

a sta1 045141i 84n6 541aos ?n14; @ns6 54 instin5t s608ati5; 5:a>6 >a9na=ii 4n941i

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10a=ii0 @nt1 4n941i ?ni s a1at6 at1ia1:a0; 80?n; 14->oasK 4n941ii @>i0ato1i s4nt 5a ni?ni0o1-5oii. )iin56; 46 1s44n1a noast16;ot40 o> 84n; 80?n nt 14>oas; aoi i16 s o1 a a=6 tot a50aan a t184it s6 a56 o a1 sa>6 s1 a5ast6 o>6.C a1 i s51is 0 Ro>an D46 5 a1 i 5itit a; a1 i654t; s4nt> @n51in=a=i; 5a> ai; a1 i a16tat snti>nt0 14>oas5 s a4 a=6 @n 0451a1a a1tisti56; a1 i1?n6 4ani0o1 noi5in 1o>?ni; i a1 oi s6 ai86 totoat6; @n a=a 04>ii; n4> 8i-n656to1i ai 0o1; o1 s6-ai >a1 4an n-a1 i4t4t s6 n a56 >ai >40t 164; ai>a1; 54 at?ta a5 >ai >a1 @nti61i1 @n 040 o1it 4aniinoai 6t6>6toa1. Ca> aan ai i 9?nit 0a at40 56 ot40 045141i0 1in a0t6 1is>6 5?t 5ono>ist40 o1i 5?t 51iti540. +i 5-a> 654t 4 a0t5a; 5?t 5a 5 s4nt> @n51in=a=i56 a1 i 654t an @n @>141a1a o>nit6 >ai s4s +i4 a> a16tat; 8in@n=0s; 5?t a> 4t4t; 14>4s=a i; o >40=i> snti>nt 14>oas 5a1 @ns40=s5 otK a1 a> 1otstat @>ot1ia ia0i61ii 4ni st61i 04-

5141i 5a1 n4>ai ia0ia1 n4 >1it6. H. Tain;

Gherea C D - Studii Critice (Cartea)

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Transcript of Gherea C D - Studii Critice (Cartea)