Gestionarea Memorie

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Gestiunea memorie Comenzi Linux

1. ps - report process status, gives a snapshot of the current processes.

SYNTAX

ps [-a] [-A] [-c] [-d] [-e] [-f] [-j] [-l] [-L] [-P] [-y] [ -g grplist ] [ -n namelist ] [-o format ] [ -p proclist ] [ -s sidlist ] [ -t term] [ -uidlist ] [ -U uidlist ] [ -G gidlist ]

-a List information about all processes most frequently requested: all those except process

group leaders and processes not associated with a terminal.

-A List information for all processes. Identical to -e, below.

-c Print information in a format that reflects scheduler properties as described in priocntl.

The -c option affects the output of the -f and -l options, as described below.

-d List information about all processes except session leaders.

-e List information about every process now running.

-f Generate a full listing.

-j Print session ID and process group ID.

-l Generate a long listing.

-L Print information about each light weight process (lwp) in each selected process.

-P Print the number of the processor to which the process or lwp is bound, if any, under an

additional column header, PSR.

-y Under a long listing (-l), omit the obsolete F and ADDR columns and include an RSS column

to report the resident set size of the process. Under the -y option, both RSS and SZ will be

reported in units of kilobytes instead of pages.

-g grplist List only process data whose group leader's ID number(s) appears in grplist. (A group leade

is a process whose process ID number is identical to its process group ID number.)

-n namelist Specify the name of an alternative system namelist file in place of the default. This option i

accepted for compatibility, but is ignored.

-o format Print information according to the format specification given in format. This is fullydescribed in DISPLAY FORMATS. Multiple -o options can be specified; the format

specification will be interpreted as the space-character-separated concatenation of all the

format option-arguments.

-p proclist List only process data whose process ID numbers are given in proclist.

-s sidlist List information on all session leaders whose IDs appear in sidlist.

-t term List only process data associated with term. Terminal identifiers are specified as a device

file name, and an identifier. For example, term/a, or pts/0.

http://www.computerhope.com/unix/upriocnt.htm






-u uidlist List only process data whose effective user ID number or login name is given in uidlist. In

the listing, the numerical user ID will be printed unless you give the -f option, which prints

the login name.

-U uidlist List information for processes whose real user ID numbers or login names are given in

uidlist. The uidlist must be a single argument in the form of a blank- or comma-separated

list.

-G gidlist List information for processes whose real group ID numbers are given in gidlist. The gidlist

must be a single argument in the form of a blank- or comma-separated list.

2. free - Displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers

used by the kernel.

SYNTAX

free [-b | -k | -m] [-o] [-s delay ] [-t] [-V]

-b Sswitch displays the amount of memory in bytes; the -k switch (set by default) displays it in

kilobytes; the -m switch displays it in megabytes.

-t Switch displays a line containing the totals.

-o Switch disables the display of a "buffer adjusted" line. If the -o option is not specified, free

subtracts buffer memory from the used memory and adds it to the free memory reported.

-s Switch activates continuous polling delay seconds apart. You may actually specify any

floating point number for delay, usleep is used for microsecond resolution delay times.

-V Displays version information.

3. top - Display Linux tasks.

SYNTAX

top -hv | -bcisS -d delay -n iterations -p pid [, pid ...]

The traditional switches '-' and whitespace are optional.

-b Batch mode operation

Starts top in 'Batch mode', which could be useful for sending output from top to otherprograms or to a file. In this mode, top will not accept input and runs until the iterations

limit you've set with the '-n' command-line option or until killed.

-c Command line/Program name toggle

Starts top with the last remembered 'c' state reversed. Thus, if top was displaying comman

lines, now that field will show program names, and visa versa. See the 'c' interactive

command for additional information.

-d Delay time interval as: -d ss.tt (seconds.tenths)

Specifies the delay between screen updates, and overrides the corresponding value in one'



personal configuration file or the startup default. Later this can be changed with the 'd' or

's' interactive commands.

Fractional seconds are honored, but a negative number is not allowed. In all cases,

however, such changes are prohibited if top is running in 'Secure mode', except for root

(unless the 's' command-line option was used). For additional information on 'Secure mode

see topic 5a. SYSTEM Configuration File.

-h Help

Show library version and the usage prompt, then quit.

-i Idle Processes toggle

Starts top with the last remembered 'i' state reversed. When this toggle is Off, tasks that

are idled or zombied will not be displayed.

-n Number of iterations limit as: -n number

Specifies the maximum number of iterations, or frames, top should produce before ending

-u Monitor by user as: -u somebody

Monitor only processes with an effective UID or user name matching that given.

-U Monitor by user as: -U somebody

Monitor only processes with a UID or user name matching that given. This matches real,

effective, saved, and filesystem UIDs.

-p Monitor PIDs as: -pN1 -pN2 ... or -pN1, N2 [,...]

Monitor only processes with specified process IDs. This option can be given up to 20 times,

or you can provide a comma delimited list with up to 20 pids. Co-mingling both approaches

is permitted.

-s Secure mode operation

Starts top with secure mode forced, even for root. This mode is far better controlled

through the system configuration file (see topic 5. FILES).

-S Cumulative time mode toggle

Starts top with the last remembered 'S' state reversed. When 'Cumulative mode' is On, eac

process is listed with the cpu time that it and its dead children have used. See the 'S'

interactive command for additional information regarding this mode.

-v Version

Show library version and the usage prompt, then quit.

Comenzi Windows

1. tasklist - Displays a list of applications and services with their Process ID (PID) for all tasks running on

either a local or a remote computer.



SYNTAX

tasklist[.exe] [/s computer ] [/u domain\user [/p password ]] [/fo {TABLE|LIST|CSV}] [/nh] [/fi FilterName [/fi

FilterName2 [ ... ]]] [/m [ModuleName] | /svc | /v]

/s Computer : Specifies the name or IP address of a remote computer (do not use backslashes). The default is

the local computer.

/u Domain\User : Runs the command with the account permissions of the user specified by User or

Domain\User . The default is the permissions of the current logged on user on the computer issuing thecommand.

/p Password : Specifies the password of the user account that is specified in the /u parameter.

/fo {TABLE|LIST|CSV} : Specifies the format to use for the output. Valid values are TABLE, LIST, and CSV. The

default format for output is TABLE.

/nh : Suppresses column headers in the output. Valid when the /fo parameter is set to TABLE or CSV.

/fi FilterName : Specifies the types of process(es) to include in or exclude from the query. The following table

lists valid filter names, operators, and values.

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