8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

1/27

Lupan Mariana, 262MP

Conducator stiintificGabriela Saganean

Masters Degree Paper

A Lingusitic Approach to PoliticalDiscourse/ Abordarea Lingvistica a

Discursului Politic

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

2/27

Scopul Principal al lucrarii: De a oferi o introducere

importanta in domeniuldiscursului politic si analiza

acestuia.

Teza de Master are drept scopreliefarea particularitatilorlingvistice ale discursului

politic (vom folosi pe viitorabr. DP), intemeiat pediferitele ipoteze ale

lingvistilor din dom. AnalizeiCritice a Discursului(ACD).

Vom discuta variatele strategiisi principalele caracteristici

folosite in DP-e.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

3/27

Obiectivele Tezei sunt:

De a Realiza o cercetareamanuntita in domeniul DP;

De a Explica modul cum apar

DP-e in cadrul limbii; Dezvaluirea caracteristicilor DP;

De a Determina legatura dintre

putere si politica cu Textul si

vorbirea din domeniul ADP;

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

4/27

De a Exemplifica cele mai

des utilizate figuri de stil dincadrul DP, precummetaforele, personificarile,eufemismele, rolulsloganelor, etc.;

De a Analiza principiile simetodele utilizate in sfera

Discursului Politic.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

5/27

Urmatoarele Metode de Cercetare au fostfolosite la elaborarea

Prezentei Teze de Master:

Metoda Bibliografica (peste 60 deautori, multe adrese electroniceMetoda Istorica (am descris evolutiaDP in diverse perioade)Metoda Analitica (am alizat diferitetexte, DP-e, aspectele lingvistice aleacestora)Metoda Sintezei ( am adunat totalitateafaptelor din domeniul DP, principiile sipracticile din domeniu selectat), etc.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

6/27

DEFINIII: DISCURSUL si ANALIZADISCURSULUI

Discursul poate fi definit ca ansamblu deenunturi ale unui emitator, care se referala un subiect unic.

Din perspectiva pragmatica, discursulreprezinta o enuntare ce presupune unlocutor si un auditor, precum si intentialocutorului de a-l influenta pe celalalt

(Benveniste). Term. discurs intra ntr-oserie de opozitii n care ia valorisemantice precise.(Discurs vs: fraza,limba, enunt, text)

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

7/27

Ca si term. DISCURS, term. ANALIZADISCURSULUI cunoaste mai multe sensuri, nu

ntotdeauna precise sau delimitate clar. Acceptiunea ceamai larga priveste analiza discursului drept analiza auzului limbii (Brown si Yule) sau Studiul uzajului real allimbajului de catre locutori reali n situatii reale (VanDijk).

n viziunea lui Maingueneau, textul rep-ta obiectul destudiu al lingvisticii textuale; n timp ce discipline casociologia sau etnologia studiaza locul social. A.D. se va

situa deci ntr-o pozitie transdisciplinara, n care vancerca sa armonizeze diverse perspective. Textul silocul social sunt precum partile recto si verso ale unei foide hrtie: discursul va reprezenta deci un text, un loc

social si un mod de enuntare care le articuleaza.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

8/27

Ce reprezinta de fapt unDISCURS POLITIC???Term. D.P. acoperadiferite moduri in carelimbajul si datele politicepot fi folosite, de laconversatiile obisnuite laprezentari formale alesefilor de stat si deguverne, de la articole

jurnalistice la acte si legiale Parlamentului, de lasimple statistici in jurnalela analize complexe aleagentiilorguvernamentale.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

9/27

Exista 2 mari abordari ale Discursului Politic:

Din perspectiva Analizei Critice a Discursuluiunde acesta este considerat un fenomen extralingvistic in care factorii politici, culturali si sociali

domina asupra naturii lngvistice a discursului.Iar cea de-a 2-a perspectiva este ABORDAREALINGVISTICA A DISCURSULUI. Aici contextulintelegerii limbii si a textelor din domeniul politic

este interpretat in termeni de continut lingvistic adiscursului. Deci structurile semantice si sintacticeale limbii pot determina comportamentul, opiniile sirelatiile dintre oameni.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

10/27

Aceast Tez de Master ne va permite s observmmodurile n care se manipuleaz cu selectarealimbajului pentru atingerea unui anumit rezultat

politic. La nivelul seleciei lexicale exist studii axatepe anumite fenomene precum cuvintele cu mai multesensuri, cuvintele tehnice, metafore, personficari ieufemisme, simboluri, etc.

In capit. II al lucrarii am analizat figurile de stil celemai semnificative ale unor personalitati marcanteprecum: R. Reagan, M. Luther King, H. R. Clinton, B.

Obama.

Deci vom oferi citeva dintre cele mai interesanteexemple din discursurile politice selectate:

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

11/27

Metafora in Discurs:

H.R.Clinton It Takes a Village to Raise a Child Speech

Our daughter, Chelsea, will graduate from college in 2001,

at the dawn of the next century.

I believe that, on the eve of a new millennium, itis time

to break oursilence. , raising kidsis a full-time job

O alta figura de stil des utilizata in discursurile lui H. Clintoneste repetitia, procedeu sintactic important:

Itis a violation of human rights whenwomen.Itis a violation of human rights

when individual women are raped in Itis a

violation of human rights when a leading cause

of death Itis a violation of human rightswhen young girls are brutalized by the painful and

degrading practice of genital mutilation.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

12/27

That is whyevery woman, everyman, every child, every

family, andevery nation on our planet has a stake in the

discussion that takes place

here. enumerare cu repetitie

Itis conferences like this that compel governments and people

everywhere to listen, look and face the world's most pressing

problems.cleft sentence, fenomen gramatical.

Verbele modale se refera la atitudinea sau opinia despreveridicitatea unei propozitii. Potrivit statisticilor acestea ocupa0.8% dintr-un discurs.

Now the countrymusttake the next ,but your daughter

shouldn't have to lose her doctor, too , I wish - I wish we couldbe sitting around a kitchen table , That's why home nurses canmake such a difference to parents who maynot have

grandparents or aunts and uncles around to help. We have to do

whatever it takes to help

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

13/27

Discursul To Restore America , R. Reagan

But, in fact, things seem just about as they were back

in the 1972election year. Inflation had been running

at round6 percent. Unemployment about7 [percent].

Remember, too, the upsurge and the optimism lasted

through the election year and into 1973. And then theroof fell in. Once again we had unemployment. Only

this time not 7 percent, more than 10. And inflation

wasnt6percent, it was 12percent. Now, in this

election year1976 - folosirea multor cifre, p-u a a

parea convingatorAntiteze And were not going to have real prosperity orrecovery until we stop fightingthe symptoms and

start fightingthe disease.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

14/27

Ihad never in my life thought of seeking or holdingpublic of office and Im still not quite sure how it all

happened. In myown mind, Iwas a citizen

representingmyfellow citizens against the

institution of government. I turned to the people,not to politicians for help. Instead of a committee

to screen applicants for jobs, Ihad a citizens

recruiting committee, andI told this committee I

wanted an administration made up of men and

women who did not want government careers and

whod be the first to tellme if their government jobwas unnecessary. AndIhad that happen.-

folosirea pronumelui eu, al meu/mea

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

15/27

Metafore interesante Were Americans and wehave a rendezvous with destiny. Back in those

dark depression days I saw my father on aChristmas Eve It was born of a hope that we couldincrease

understanding andreduceprejudice and

antagonism.(antiteza, metafora)Epitete: Divine purpose, the lastisland offreedom, the dust bin of history, etc.

Discursul lui M.L. King I Have a Dream

This momentous decree came as a great beacon light ofhope to millions ofNegro slaves who had been seared in

the flames of witheringinjustice.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

16/27

Nowis the time to make real the promises of democracy.Nowis

the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Nowis the time toopen the doors of opportunity to all of Gods children. Nowis the timeto lift our nation repetitia si metafora

Ihave a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia Ihave a

dream

that one day ...Ihave a drea

mthat my

Ihave adream today. Ihave a dream that one day the state of Alabama,

whose governors lips are presently .... Ihave a dream today. I

have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted,

Let us not seek to satisfy ourthirst for freedom by

drink

ing fro

mthe cup of bitterness and hatred.

chains of discrimination, a lonelyisland of

poverty, anda vast ocean ofmaterial prosperity , -metafore

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

17/27

De o analiza mai vasta se bucura citeva dindiscursurile lui B. Obama

Metaforele inunda Discursurile lui B. Obama:Forty-four Americans have now taken thepresidential oath. The words have been spoken

duringrising tides of prosperity and

the still waters of peace. Yet, every so

often, the oath is taken amidstgathering

clouds and ragingstorms.Patruzeci si patru de americani au depus pana

acum juramantul prezidential. Cuvintele au fost

rostite in timpuri de prosperitate si de

pace. Totusi, nu de putine ori acest juramant a

fost depus in timp ce se adunau norisi

planau furtuni. unele metafore dinengleza se pierd in procesul traducerii

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

18/27

For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across

oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops, and

settled the West, endured the lash of the whip, and plowedthe hard earth.Pentru noi, ei si-au impachetat cele cateva lucruri si din lumea larga au

traversat oceanul in cautarea unei vieti noi. Pentru noi, ei au trudit si au pus

bazele Occidentului, auinduratmuscatura biciuluisi au tras

brazde in pamantul batatorit. metafora s-a pastrat

And those of us who manage the publics dollars willbe held to

account, to spend wisely, reform bad habits, anddo our

businessin the light of day, because only then can werestore the vital trust between a people and their government.Unde raspunsuleste nu, se vorincheia programe. Iar cei dintre noi

care gestioneaza dolariipopulatieivor fi trasila raspundere - sa-i

cheltuiasca intelept, sa schimbe proastele obiceiurisisa faca

afacerile la lumina zilei-pentru ca numaiatuncivom putearecupera increderea vitala dintre poporsiguvernulsau.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

19/27

Verbele Modale

1) because they believed that this time mustbedifferent, that their voices couldbe that difference.

(2) The road aheadwill be long. Our climb will be

steep. We maynot get there in one year or even in

one term. But, America, I have never been morehopeful than I am tonight that we will get there.

(3) And to those Americans whose support I have

yet to earn, Imaynot have won your vote tonight,

but I hear your voices. I need your help. And Iwill

be your president, too.(4) We will build the roads and bridges, the electric

grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and

bind us togetherWe will harness the sun and the

winds .. All this we can do. All this we will do.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

20/27

1) Salutul My fellow citizens: I stand here todayhumbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust

youve bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne byour ancestors. 2) Exprimarea multumirii/recunostintei si distinctiile

I thank President Bush for his service to our nationas well as the generosity and cooperation he has

shown throughout this transition. 3) Bilantul realizarilor SUA din trecut/istoria SUA

Forty-four Americans have now taken thepresidential oath. The words have been spokenduring rising tides of prosperity and the still waters ofpeace. Yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidstgathering clouds and raging storms. For us, they toiledin sweatshops, and settled the West, endured the lash of thewhip, and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and diedin places like Concord and Gettysburg, Normandy and KheSahn.

ANALIZA TEXTUALA DISCURSIVA A LUI B.OBAMA

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

21/27

*

4) Prezentarea situatiei contemporane acasa si inlumea intreaga5) prezentarea politicilor interne si externe alenoului guvern6) speranta la un viitor mai bun si prosper al tarii

7) Apelarea la Dumnezeu si binecuvintare Thankyou. God bless you. And God bless the UnitedStates of America.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

22/27

Terminologia politica, invaziaTerminologia politica, invaziaei in limba Romei in limba Romnana

IMPRUMUTURI:IMPRUMUTURI:

First ladyFirst lady-- prima doamnaprima doamnapolitical correctnesspolitical correctness -- corectitudinecorectitudine

politicpoliticwatchdogswatchdogs-- ccini de paz aiini de paz aidemocraieidemocraiei

moneymoney--launderinglaundering splarea de banisplarea de bani

Shadow cabinetShadow cabinet--cabinet/guvernul dincabinet/guvernul dinumbraumbra

CALCHIERI:CALCHIERI:

LeaderLeader--lider, meetinglider, meeting--miting, staff,miting, staff,speech, speaker, congressamanspeech, speaker, congressaman

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

23/27

Traducerea Titlurilor, Ierarhia

Adresarilor

HerImperial/Royal/Apostolic Majesty

YourHighness

Your Excellency

YourHonorable

My Fellow Citizens

Excelenta Sa

MaiestateImperiala/Regala/Apostolica

Alteta/InaltimeaSa

Onorabil/Distins

Dragicompatrioti

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

24/27

Rolul Sloganelor in Disc.PoliticRolul Sloganelor in Disc.Politic

Its timeIts time -- Gough WhitlamGough Whitlam19751975

Its the economy, stupid

Its the economy, stupid -- BillBill

Clinton 1992Clinton 1992

Its Time to Change AmericaIts Time to Change America

Ask not what your country canAsk not what your country candodo for youfor you John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy

19601960

Yes, America Can!Yes, America Can! -- 2004 U.S.2004 U.S.residential cam ai n slo an ofresidential cam ai n slo an of

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

25/27

Yes We CanYes We Can -- 2008 U.S.2008 U.S.presidential campaign slogan ofpresidential campaign slogan of

Barack Obama.Barack Obama. Change We Can BelieveChange We Can Believe

InIn -- 2008 U.S. presidential2008 U.S. presidential

campaign slogan of Barackcampaign slogan of BarackObama.Obama.

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

26/27

ConcluziiConcluzii

Discursul Politic va ramine o tema deschisaDiscursul Politic va ramine o tema deschisa

viitoarelor cercetari.viitoarelor cercetari.Scopul celor ce audiaza DP este de aScopul celor ce audiaza DP este de adescoperi sensul si intentiile reale aledescoperi sensul si intentiile reale alevorbitorilor ce se ascund in spatelevorbitorilor ce se ascund in spatelecuvintelor frumoase si uneori atit de binecuvintelor frumoase si uneori atit de binecamuflate!!!camuflate!!!

8/6/2019 DISC.POL.

27/27

VA MULTUMESC

PENTRU ATENTIE ! ! !