Cursuri Engleza an I Sem I.englEZA

8/3/2019 Cursuri Engleza an I Sem I.englEZA

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Departamentul de nvmnt laDistan i Formare Continu

Facultatea de tiinte Economice

Coordonator de disciplin:Lect. univ. drd. Gabriela Popa


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2008-2009

Suport de curs nvmnt la distan

UVTLIMBA ENGLEZA

Avizat Decan Avizat Sef Departament


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Tematica cursului

1. Lesson one Introducing oneself (conversation)

2. Lesson two- Getting around (conversation)

3.Lesson three -Nationalities-Countries (conversation)

4.Lesson four A students daily programme

5. Lesson five The family

UNIVERSITATEA VALAHIA DIN TRGOVITEDEPARTAMENTUL PENTRU NVMNT LA DISTAN IFORMARE CONTINUPRACTICAL ENGLISHFOR DISTANCE - LEARNING STUDENTSAutor: Carmen ANTOHETRGOVITE2005


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Cuvnt nainte n condiiile civilizaiei actuale, cnd comunicarea largntre oameni i popoare a devenit o realitate obinuit, cunoaterea uneilimbi de circulaie internaional este o necesitate. Dac n Evul Mediulimba latin a fost pentru europeni limba comun a culturii i tiinei,astzi, n epoca ordinatoarelor, a zborurilor cosmice, a transformrilorurbane spectaculoase i a dezvoltrii fr precedent a schimburilorinternaionale, toi cetenii lumii nva limba englez pentru a senelege ntre ei. Engleza este astzi limba tiinei, a tehnicii, acomerului. Lumea tiinific i intelectual folosete poate cel mai multaceast limb, puini fiind oamenii de tiin i cercettorii care s nu ocunoasc i s nu i redacteze lucrrile direct n englez. Ilustrrile demai sus nu epuizeaz nici pe departe lista posibil. S ne referim acum laoamenii simpli i mai puini simpli. Cine nu a trecut prin momentul

penibil cnd nu putem nfiripa o conversaie cu un strin, cnd suntem

redui la gesturi, mimic sau interjecii? Unele persoane sunt dispuse sremedieze carena prin studiu, sistematic chiar. Altele, se izoleaz subimperiul fricii ndrtul unor pori zvorte i cred c limba englezeste inaccesibil lor, dup cum studierea ei (chiar la nivel elementar) li se

pare un efort inutil sau, oricum prea mare. Unul din scopurile acestui curseste s demonstreze c inaccesibilitatea e o prejudecat, iar efortul merits fie ntreprins pn i de ctre cei din fire lenevoi. n nvarea limbiiengleze la un nivel mediu de cunotiine se ajunge fr dificultate isperm c acest curs conceput pentru studenii de la forma de nvmntla distan, va demonstra c necesitatea cunoaterii limbii engleze se

poate satisface de ctre oricine, uori cu plcere. Acest curs practic delimba englez este destinat studenilor de la specializrile Geografie,Istorie-Geografie i profilul Economic anii I i II, care doresc s aib o

pregtire corespunztoare n domeniile de interes. El a fost conceput naa fel nct, n cei doi ani de studiu ai limbii engleze, s ajute laconsolidarea cunotiinelor acumulate pn aici, precum i la nsuirea de

noi elemente specifice specializrii studiate. Mult Succes!


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Cuprinsnsuirea unui limbaj de specialitate nu se poate face fr a aveao baz solid, de aceea primul an de studiu universitar al limbiiengleze conine n principal elemente practice i applicative landemna acelora care doresc s-i nsueasc, s consolideze is foloseasc un limbaj minim de limba englez. Cele zece

lecii care alctuiesc capitolul cuprind teme axate pe principalele aspecte ale vieii cotidiene de munc, sociale,culturale avnd drept scop s formeze deprinderi de limbnecesare nsuirii ulterioare a limbajului legat de problematicaeconomic. Fiecare lecie cuprinde un text nsoit de o temgramaticalprezentat sugestiv i concis prin structuri, schemei tabele. Schemele gramaticale prezint probleme de gramatici construcii pentru a cror nelegere i mai ales folosire,studenii ntmpin dificulti. Expunerea gramatical esteurmat de diferite tipuri de exerciii lexicale i gramaticalemenite s formeze deprinderi de limb la cei ce studiaz limbaenglez.Obiective operaionale: dup parcurgerea acestui an de studiustudenii vor putea s: se prezinte i s fac cunotiin cu alte persoanevorbitoare de limba englez poarte o conversaie simpl, referitoare la locul natal,

meserie, i s cear indicaii pentru a ajunge n locul dorit; vorbeasc despre programul su zilnic, despre vreme imesele principale; poat s se descurce n diferite situaii cum ar fi la

bibliotec i la diferite ntlniri publice; completeze un curriculum vitae;


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recunoasc, s diferenieze i s foloseasc n aplicaii practice timpuri verbale precum prezentul simplu i continuu, prezentul perfect simplu i continuu, mai mult ca perfectulsimplu i continuu; capete deprinderi pentru traduceri din i n limba englez.


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LESSON ONECONVERSATION

INTRODUCING ONESELF(PREZENTARI)

FORMAL

J.D.: Excuse me. Who are you?

S.R.: Im Sandra Reynolds. Im your English teacher, and who are you?

J.D.: How do you do. My names Jane David. Im a student.

K.S.: And my name is Ken Smith. Im a student, too.

S.R.: How do you do. (Im) glad to meet you. (Its) nice to meet you.

J.D.: Its nice to meet you, too. Greetings.S.R.: Good morning. (Good afternoon; Good evening).

J.D.: Good evening. How are you?

S.R.: Im fine thank you. And how are you?J.D.: Very well, thank you./ Rather unwell.S.R.: Good bye. See you later.J.D.: Good night. See you tomorrow.

Atenie!Nu se spune niciodat Good day, nici la ntlnire nici la desprire. n

engleza modern este o form de expediere a interlocutorului, ceva de felul Poipleca.

VERY FORMAL

J.D.: Good morning, Professor Reynolds. Let me introduce myself. My names Jane

David. Im your new student.

S.R.: How do you do. Welcome to our courses. My names Sandra Reynolds.

J.D.: How do you do. Im pleased to meet you, Professor Reynolds.

S.R.: Im your English Professor. What are you studying this term?J.D.: Im studying English language this term and English literature next term.S.R.: Till tomorrow then.

J.D.: Its been nice knowing you. Good bye for now.

INFORMAL

J.D.: Hi, Im Jane. Im a new student. Who are you?


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K.S.: Hi, Im Ken. Im a new student, too. Glad to know you. Where are you from?

J.D.: Im from Canada. Are you from Canada, too?

K.S.: No, Im not. Im from Scotland.J.D.: Oh, how nice! K.S.: See you soon.J.D.: Bye-bye for now.

I. EXPLANATORY NOTES

1. Name = First name = Christian name = Given name: Jane, Jennifer, Robert, Mary,Kenneth, Sandra etc.Surname = Family name = Last name: Reynolds, David, Bush, Smith, MacDonald,

OCasey, Roberts etc.

2. How Do We Address People?

There are different ways of addressing people and of speaking:Informal or friendly between friends, teenagers, young people (classmates),businessmen;Formal between acquaintances and also for older people or people in higher jobs.Very formal for people we want to show respect to.

How do we address unknown people?Excuse me, sir (madam, officer/constable etc.)Ladies and gentlemen (when addressing an audience).

How about people we know?

Hi, Ted / Hi, Betty (more used for young people).Hello, Fred / Hello, Barney (it is slightly more formal).

We can greet acquaintances or people we know whether they are older or in higher jobs with hello, or good morning / afternoon / evening. At a very formal level,respect may be shown by adding their name: Hello, Mr. Smith (for gentlemen),Hello, Mrs. Reynolds (for married ladies), Hello, Miss David (for unmarriedladies), or Hello, Mes Green (for ladies, when their marital status is not important).If the persons have titles, they are used in calling them: Professor Hill, Dr.Brown, Dean Roberts (only one title - the highest is used together with thesurname). For very high ranks we can use: Your Excellency, Your Highness,

Your Sanctity.

II. GRAMMAR1.PERSONAL PRONOUNS (Pronume personale)

Desemneaz persoanele ce pot aprea ntr-un dialog (vorbitorul, interlocutorul)sau nlocuiete obiectul despre care se vorbete.


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Person Nominative Dative AccusativeSingular 1st person

2nd person3rd person

Iyouhe, she, it

(to) me(to) you(to) him (to)her (to) it

meyouhim, her, it

Plural 1st person2nd person3rd person

weyouthey

(to) us(to) you(to) them

usyouthem

2. Verb TO BE present tense link verb (verb de legtur)

Affirmative Interrogative Negative Interrogative-Negative

I am Am I? I am not Am I not?You are Are you? You are not Are you not?He, she, it is Is he, she, it? He, she, it is not Is he,she,it not?

We are Are we? We are not Are we not?You are Are you? You are not Are you not?They are Are they? They are not Are they not?

n engleza vorbit este mai folosit forma contras:

Im a teacher. / Im not a teacher.

Youre a student. / Youre not a student.

Hes a policeman. / He

s not a policeman.

Shes an air hostess. / Shes not an air hostess.

Its an animal. / Its not an animal.

Were workers./ Were not workers.

Youre engineers. / Youre not engineers.

Theyre taxi drivers. / Theyre not taxi drivers.

Verbul TO BE ca verb de legtur (link verb) se folosete: cu un substantiv (lasingular, ntotdeauna precedat de articolul nedefinit a sau an) I am a mother;cu un adjectiv, He is tired sau cu adverb de loc, He is in the room / He isthere.

EXERCISESI. Substitute the nouns in the following sentences by the personal pronouns inthe correct case.Model: I like this book. I like it.


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1. I am very pleased with this test paper. 2. John arrives at the faculty early. 3. Ialways give George good books to read. 4. Three students are talking about the exam.5. The assistant-lecturer is asking Henry a question. 6. The professor is lending thestudenta book. 7. Students are very attentive during seminars. 8. I see my coleaguegoing to the library. 9. Give mother a glass of water, please. 10. Read the lesson,

please. 11. Lets go and see grandmother. 12. I want to give my grandparents a

present. 13. Ill thankfathertomorrow. 14. Look at Tom and me! 15. I cant seeyourfriends. 16. Give the catsome milk.

II. Fill in the blanks using the personal pronouns in brackets in the correct case:

1. This is a book for ... (he). 2. John always buys text-books for ... (they). 3. I neverspeak to ... (she) during lectures. 4. I am putting ... (it) on the shelf. 5. Every day, Isee ... (you) in the classroom. 6. I pay attention to ... (it). 7. I tell ... (she) not to belate. 8. She requests ... (they) to take part in the scientific session.


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LESSON TWOCONVERSATION GETTING AROUND

1. (British version)

Liz: Hi, Jenny, How are you?Jenny: Rather unwell this morning. And you?

Liz: Oh, Im fine, thanks, but Im sorry for you. Why are you such in a hurry? Its

pretty hot today, isnt it? Can I help you?

Jenny: Im late for class, and I want to buy some stationery, you know, writing paper,

notebooks and a ball-(point) pen. Is there a stationers near here?Liz: Yes, of course. Can you see that restaurant over there?Jenny: The one on the corner?Liz: Turn at the restaurant and keep straight on up to the next cross-roads; go across

the road and take the first turning to the left. The stationers on the left side of the

street. You cant miss it.

Jenny: Thanks a lot. But thats quite a distance.

Liz: Yes, thats right, but you can find there everything you need: there are writingpaper, pads, envelopes, refills for your pen, erasers and even a marvelous assortmentof greeting cards and diaries. There are also glue, ink, thumbtacks a.s.o.

* * *

2. (American version)

Jenny: Pardon (Excuse) me, officer. Where

s the City Bank?Policeman: Its downtown, five blocks from here, straight ahead.Jenny: Is it on the left?

Policeman: No. Its on the right. Its across the coffee shop.Jenny: Thanks very much.

Policeman: Youre welcome.

VOCABULARYstationery papetrienotebook blocnotes, carnetball-(point) pen pixcross-road interseciewriting paper pad tampon pentru hrtia de scrisenvelope plicrefill mine de pixeraser gum de tersdiary jurnal (intim)glue lipici


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ink cernealthumbtack pionez

Explanatory notes:1. block (in America) = cvartal, grup de case ptrat sau dreptunghiular ntre 4strzi. block of flats / apartment house = blocdowntown = n sau spre centrul comercial al unui ora

2. Expressing GRATITUDE (expresii de mulumire): Thanks Thank you Manythanks Thanks a lot Thanks again Thank you very much Thank you very

much indeed Thank you ever much for (letting me know) - Its been reallymarvelous 93. Possible responses, depending on the occasion (posibile rspunsuri, n funcie deocazie):

Dont mention it (Im glad to help you) Its all right Its my pleasure Youre

welcome Im very much obliged to you.

Study and remember (expressions): It takes you only ten minutes to get there v trebuie numai zece minute ca sajungei acolo Turn to the left/right! Luai-o spre stnga Go straight on/ahead! Mergei tot nainte The red light is on Semaforul arat rou Trolley buses run till oclock Troleibuzele circul pn la ora Would you mind telling me the way to ? Suntei amabil s-mi spunei careeste drumul ctre ? Could you put me right? M-ai putea ndruma? This way, please! Pe aici, v rog! Take the first turning to the left/right Luai-o pe prima strad la stnga/dreapta At the next crossroads turn to the left/right La prima intersecie luai-o lastnga/dreapta Its on the right hand side Este pe partea dreapt Can you direct me to ? mi putei arta direcia ctre ? Is this the right way to ? Acesta este drumul ctre ? You are still some way off Suntei nc la o oarecare distan Its just round the corner Este chiar dup col We happen to be going in that direction ourselves ntmpltori noi mergem naceast direcie Im trying to find my way to - ncerc s gsesc drumul ctre You are going the wrong way Mergei ntr-o direcie greit Is it much of a walk? Este mult de mers pe jos? Do I take this street or that? S o iau pe aceast strad, sau pe cealalt? Its quite a distance Este destul de departe Which is the quickest way to ? Care este calea cea mai rapid ctre

GRAMMAR1. Verbul TO BE exprimnd existena there is / there are (este, se afl, se gsete /sunt, se afl, se gsesc)


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Cuvntul neaccentuat thereeste urmat de o form a verbului TO BE n propoziiicare exprim noiunea de existen (este o expresie care nu exist n limba romn.Limba francez are ceva asemntor n expresia il y a). Se folosete ori de cte orisubiectul propoziiei este o persoan oarecare nedefinit sau un obiect, iar predicatuleste verbul TO BE.Aceast expresie introduce noi informaii interlocutorului:Exemple:There is (Theres) a pen on the desk.

There are (Therere) two books on the table.There is a glass on the table.There are lots of interesting buildings in Edinburgh.There are writing paper pads ...There is glue in the bottle.

Observai c:a) There se folosete n loc de subiect;b) There is se folosete naintea unui substantiv la singular;

c) There are se folosete naintea unui substantiv la plural;

Interogativul se formeaz:Is there a stationery near here?Are there many children in the room?Negativul:There is not(isnt). / There are not(arent).Observai c i n acest caz exist forme contrase, neaccentuate.

Atenie! S nu confundai cuvntul THERE din expresiile THERE IS i THERE AREcu adverbul THERE care se traduce cu ACOLO. ntr-o propoziie ele pot aprea

mpreun.

Ex. There are two chairs there. (Sunt dou scaune acolo).

2. THE PLURAL OF NOUNS (Pluralul Substantivelor)

ExamplesRulesSingular Plural

a. Majoritatea substantivelor formeaz pluralul

adugnd -s la forma singularului:

bedroom

picturetap

bedrooms

picturestapsb. Substantivele care se termin n -sh, -ch, -tch,-ss, -s, -xprimesc -es

glassbusbrushwatchbox

glassesbusesbrusheswatchesboxes

c. Cnd substantivele se termin n -yprecedat deo consoan, -y se schimb n i i se adaug es:

partycountry

partiescountries


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d. Substantivele care se termin n -f, -fe lschimb pefn v i se adaug -es:

leaflife

leaveslives

e. Substantivele care se termin n -oprecedat deo consoan primesc -es:

tomatopotato

tomatoespotatoes

f. Substantive cu pluralul neregulat: manwoman

childtoothfootgoosemouse

menwomen

childrenteethfeetgeesemice

Terminaia pluralului se citete:

[s]dup consoane surde:[p], [t], [f], [k], [h], []

[z] dup vocale iconsoane sonore: [b], [d],[v], [g], [l], [m], [n], [],

[r], []

[iz] dup: [s], [z], [], [t],[d]

clocks taps baths jugs towels films wages classes brusheswatches buses

EXERCISESI. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the phrase:1. There ... a teacher in the classroom. 2. There ... two teachers in the classroom. 3.There ... many pupils in the classroom. 4. There ... a dog in the room. 5. There ... books and notebooks on the shelf. 6. There ... books on the floor. 7. There ... ablackboard on the wall. 8. There ... many pictures on the wals. 9. There ... a map inthe classroom. 10. There ... many flowers in the garden.

II. Change these sentences according to the patterns:

a) There is a large table in the room. (small) / There isnt a small one.

b) There are two black cats in the garden. (white) / There arent two white ones.

1. There is a short pencil in the pencil-box. (long) 2. There are three glasses on thetable. (clean) 3. There are two green books in the bag. (brown) 4. There is a youngman in the room. (old) 5. There are two large armchairs in the room. (small) 6. Thereis an old newspaper on the table. (new) 7. There is a white dog in the schoolyard.(black) 8. There are two red blouses on the chair (blue). 9. There is a tall man in thegarden. (short) 10. There are two fat cats under the tree. (thin)

III. Make questions and answers.1. There is a kitchen in the flat. (Yes) 2. There are two living-rooms in the flat. (No)3. There is a dog in the classroom. (No) 4. There are three cats in the schoolyard.(Yes) 5. There are two books on the desk. (No) 6. There is a book on the floor. (No)7. There is a dining-room in the house. (Yes) 8. There are two bedrooms in the house.(Yes) 9. There are three armchairs in the living-room. (Yes) 10. There is a bookcasein the bedroom. (No)


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IV. Rewrite the sentences, making the words in brackets plural:

1. Our students club often organizes (evening party). 2. She has just put ten (tomato)on the plate. 3. All the (child) who have reached the age of six go to school. 4. Haveyou already brushed your (tooth)? 5. She has bought two (loaf). 6. Have you turned

off the hot and cold (tap)? 7. You go to the library after (class), dont you? 8. She hasput six (glass) on the table. 9. There are many fallen (leaf) on the ground. 10. I have

never seen such beautiful (picture). 11. (Woman) have equal rights with (man) in ourcountry. 12. They have put the (watch) into (box) that do not exceed an overall lengthof two (foot).

V. Use the plural of the nouns in brackets making the necessary changes. In caseno change is possible, explain the reasons: 1. He was thanked for his (work) at thehospital. 2. They were fully aware of the (spirit) of the time. 3. The poet published hisnew (volume) at the start of the century. 4. The Chinese invented the (compass). 5.

The (information) didnt come in time. 6. I have a small (cactus) at home. 7. Dont

fight with him. His (force) is enormous. 8. I feel a (pain) in my leg. 9. It s a (damage)

that cant be repaired. 10. I wont take anybodys (advice). 11. I dont like his(manner) of speech. 12. Six to eight hours of practice a day gave him a great (ability)for playing the piano in less than a year. 13. Lots of (people) come to the Romanianseaside every summer. 14. I like the (fabric) my husband brought me as a birthdaypresent. 15. She has a brooch of diamonds set in (platinum).


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LESSON THREENATIONALITIES COUNTRIES

Jenny: Meet my friend, Ingrid.

Pedro: Hello.Ingrid: Hello. Pleased to meet you. What nationality are you?

Pedro: Im from Peru./ Im Peruvian. Where are you from?

Ingrid: Im from Sweden./ Im Swedish.Pedro: Is your family in London, too?Ingrid:No, my family is in Sweden and in Australia.Pedro: Oh!Ingrid: Are you in London on holiday or on business?

Pedro: Im on business. Im a physicist. Im working in a Research Centre for three

months. Its not far from London. What about you? Are you a student, or a post

graduate student? If not, whats your job?

Ingrid: No, Im not a student. Im visiting an English family for a year to brush upmy English. Are you staying in a private house, too?

Pedro: At the moment Im staying at a hotel.

Ingrid: Isnt it too expensive?

Pedro: It sure is, but tomorrow morning Im registering for a special Nuclear Physics

Course, and then Im moving to a bed-sitter. Look! Here is my registration card. Beso kind and help me to fill it in.

* * *

MOVING IN

Because the hotel is too expensive, Pedro wants to rent a nice, small apartment / flat.So, he has two ways to find it:

1. Direct conversationPedro: Excuse me, are you Mrs. Scott?Mrs. Scott: Yes, I am.

Pedro: How do you do, Mrs. Scott. Im Pedro Gonzales your new tenant. Youre the

landlady, arent you?Mrs. Scott: Yes, I am. How do you do, Mr. Gonzales. Nice to meet you. This is

Maggie Baxter. Shes your neighbour.Maggie: Hello, Pedro, nice to meet you.Pedro: Hello, Maggie, glad to see you, too. Can I see the bed-sitter Mrs. Scott? Is itupstairs?


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Mrs. Scott: Of course you can. Come in, please. Its upstairs. My flat is downstairs.

Pedro: Oh, its very nice.

2. On the phone

Five three oh, four nine seven eight. Mrs. Scott: Hello?

Pedro: Its about the flat / apartment to let in the morning paper ads. Is it still to let?Mrs. Scott: Oh yes, of course it is.Pedro: Can you tell me about it?Mrs. Scott: There are two rooms: a living-room and a bedroom, and also a kitchenand a bathroom, of course. You can come and see it.Pedro: Where is it?

Mrs. Scott: Its in the neighbourhood of the University College, near Regents Park.

Pedro: Whats your address?Mrs. Scott: 54 Drummond Street, near Euston Station.Pedro: Oh, and how much is the rent?Mrs. Scott: Two hundred pounds / 200 a month.Pedro: I can come in twenty or thirty minutes. Is that all right?

Mrs. Scott: Yes, of course. Oh, wait. Whats your name?Pedro: Pedro Gonzales.Mrs. Scott: Can you spell it?Pedro: P-E-D-R-O G-O-N-Z-A-L-E-SMrs. Scott: Thank you. See you in half an hour.Pedro: Good bye. See you soon.

VOCABULARYbed-sitter = bed-sitting-room garsonier, camer combinatads. (prescurtare de la advertisements) reclam, publicitate

GRAMMAR

1. THE PRESENT TENSE (Common Aspect)Timpul Prezent (Aspectul Comun)

Affirmative Form Negative Form Interrogative Form Negative-Interogative Form

I workYou workHe, she, it works

We workYou workThey work

I do not (dont)

workYou do not workHe,she,it does not

(doesnt) workWe do not workYou do not workThey do not work

Do I work?Do you work?Does he, she, itwork?

Do we work?Do you work?Do they work?

Do I not work?

(Dont I work?)Do you not work?

Does he, she, it not

work?(Doesnthe..) Do we notwork? Do you notwork? Do they notwork?

Rules Examples


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1. Timpul prezent, aspectul comun, sefolosete pentru a arta o aciuneobinuit sau repetat n prezent. 2.Adeseori este folosit cu adverbe de tipul:often, usually, never, always, every year.3. Poate arta o aciune viitoare, dac este

nsoit de un adverb de timp exprimndviitorul. In acest caz, aciunea viitoareface parte dintr-un program stabilit. 4.Este folosit n loc de prezentul continuucu acele verbe care nu sunt ntrebuinatela forma continu (to like, to dislike, tolove, to hate, to want, to own, to consist

of/in, to belong)

Students study for their exams. Everyyear, the Academy organizes post-graduate courses. We sit foran examtomorrow. I like this book.

THE PRESENT TENSE (Continuous Aspect)Timpul Prezent (Aspectul Continuu)

Se formeaz cu verbul TO BE la prezent i participiul prezent (forma n ing) averbului de conjugat. Mai simplu, se poate exprima: TO BE + Ving ( V esteverbul de conjugat).

Affirmative Form Negative Form Interrogative Form Negative-

Interogative FormI am (Im)workingYou are workingHe, she, it isworking

We are workingYou are working

They are working

I am not workingYou are notworkingHe, she, it is notworking

We are notworkingYou are notworkingThey are notworking

Am I working?Are you working?Is he, she, itworking?

Are we working?Are you working?Are they working?

Am I not working?Are you notworking?Is he, she, it notworking?

Are we notworking?Are you notworking?Are they notworking?

Rules Examples1. Prezentul continuu arat o aciune ncurs de desfurare n momentul vorbirii.Uneori, momentul aciunii este fixat prin

They are studying for tomorrowsexamination.We are not planning our holidays at the


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adverbe de timp ca: now, at the presentmoment.2. Prezentul continuu exprim uneori oaciune ce caracterizeaz subiectul ntr-oanumit perioad de timp. Aceastarezult din context.

3. Ca i aspectul comun, poate arta oaciune viitoare care a fost planificatntr-un moment prezent, dac este nsoitde un adverb de timp exprimnd viitorul.

present moment.

What are you doing here in Bucharest? Iam studying economics.

They are coming to see us next week.

EXERCISES

I. Put the following sentences in the third person singular:

1. We listen to courses. 2. They take down notes. 3. You study for your exam. 4. Ilike learning when I enjoy the subject. 5. You always lend me your text-books. 6. I go

home at 2 oclock. 7. I usually come to the faculty at 8 oclock. 8. I pay attention towhat the lecturer says. 9. You like being in time for the courses.

II. Make the following sentences a) interrogative b) negative

1. I leave home at 7 a.m. every day. 2. This student speasks English very well. 3. Hereads very fast. 4. Students read sports magazines every day. 5. He writes his 15homework in the afternoon. 6. I always go to the cinema with pleasure. 7. He likes to

watch television on Saturday evening. 8. He likes Latin grammar. 9. He reads a fewpages of Spanish literature every week. 10. You write many letters.

III. Use the verbs in brackets in the present tense (common or continuousaspect):

1. Students from other countries (come) to get trained as economists at theAcademyof Economic Studies. 2. We (attend) classes regularly. 3. He (like) English.4. Today, we (study) commercial correspondence in our English seminar. 5. We

(rehearse) for a show this evening. 6. They (meet) at 8 o clock tonight. 7. She just(leave) for the mountains. 8. He (not like) to borrow the books, he (prefer) to buy

them. 9. Where you (hurry)? 10. We (hurry) to the lecture-hall as we (not want) to belate.IV. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parantheses usingPresent Tense Simple or Continuous:


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1. I ... the water for coffee in a special pot (to boil). 2. Come and make the coffee!The water ... (to boil). 3. This shop ... at 8 a.m. and ... at 8 p.m. (to open; to close). 4. I

... the book to read the new lesson (to open). 5. Dont shout that loud! I ... you very

well(to hear). 6. Dont interrupt them! They ... to a scientific broadcast (to listen). 7. I... what you ... (to see; to mean). 8. Wait aminute, will you? I ... them off (to see). 9.A man ... with his nose (to smell). 10. Usually she ... a very quiet child, but now she

... naughty (to be; to be)

V. Put the verbs in parantheses in the Present Tense Simple. Notice the adverbsthey are associated with:1. Mother never ... (to go out) without a shopping bag. 2. We often ... (to play) chessin the evenings.3. They usually ... (to do) their shopping at this supermarket. 4. Shealways ... (to listen to) the concerts broadcast on the radio on Sunday mornings. 5. Ioccasionally ... (to read) a thriller before going to sleep. 6. Our kids frequently ... (tobreak) something while playing hide-and-seek in their room. 7. Grandmother hardlyever ... (to take) a sleeping pill. 8. They always ... (to come) in time. 9. My husbandnever ... (to catch) anything when he ... (to go) fishing. 10. Do your friends

sometimes ... (to ask) you to babysit?

VI. Fill in the blanks with prepositions:

1. Except ... Romanian students, there is also a considerable number ... studentscoming ... other countries. 2. There are canteens providing meals ... the students. 4.This term, we insist ... commercial correspondence. 5. Students attend conferences ...various subjects. 6. This professor gives lectures ... political economy. 7. All highereducation institutes are endowed ... libraries. 8. The students spend their holidays ...the mountains.


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LESSON FOUR

A STUDENTS DAILY PROGRAMME

The clock has just struck six. Mary is in her bedroom. She has got up, opened thewindow and turned on the radio. She is doing her morning exercises to the music.

It is half past six. Mary has got into the bathroom. She is standing at the wash-basin.What has she just done? She has just turned on the hot and cold taps. What is shegoing to do next? She is going to pour some water into the glass and brush her teeth.

Then she is going to have a shower. She doesnt have a bath in the morning. Shetakes a bath before she goes to bed.Mary has already brushed her teeth with her tooth-brush and tooth-paste. She has hada warm shower. She has dried herself on the towel and has got dressed. What is shedoing now? She is doing her hair in front of the looking-glass.

It is seven oclock. Mary is in the dining-room. Has she already had her breakfast?

No, not yet. She is laying the table for breakfast. She has just put some coffee-cups, asugar-bowl, a milk-jug and some plates on the table. Is she going to have breakfast by

herself? No, she is not. She is waiting for her brother who hasnt shaved yet.

It is half past seven. Mary and her brother have just finished their breakfast. They arein a hurry. They are leaving for the Academy of Economic Studies.

It takes them twenty minutes to get to the Academy by bus. They arrive there tenminutes before the bell rings. So they have a chat with their fellow-students. Only sixstudents of their group are from Bucharest, the others either come from different partsof the country, or from other countries. They usually have a lot of things to talk

about.

The classes begin at eight oclock and are over at ten minutes to two three times aweek. Twice a week they have classes in the afternoon. They regularly attend lecturesand seminars.

After classes in the morning they have their lunch at the student s canteen. Then theygo home on foot. On their way home they do some shopping. After a short rest theydo their homework and read up for seminars.

Then Mary prepares something for dinner and her brother helps her. They have their

dinner at seven oclock in the evening. After dinner they usually look through somenewspapers or magazines, or read some novels or listen to music, or watch a film onTV.

On Sundays they often go to the students club that regularly organizes variouscultural activities such as evening parties, cinema shows, lectures on music andliterature with recitals by famous musicians and actors.


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MORNING AND EVENING- What do you usually do at your office?- In the morning I receive letters and cables which I have to answer that very day. Mysecretary usually helps me to type the answers. Twice a week I have a meeting wherewe discuss different business questions with our chief manager. Almost every day Ihave business interviews, talks or conferences with the representatives of the foreignfirms we have done business with lately. In the afternoon I usually makeappointments on the phone with engineers of the producing enterprises or foreignbusinessmen for the next day. Sometimes I make business trips with a view toconcluding sales contracts.- What do you usually do in the evening?- We generally stay at home and watch TV. Once a week we go to the pictures.Occasionally we go to a dance.- Have you been to the theatre this month?- Yes, we have been to the theatre twice this month.

VOCABULARYbedroom - dormitorto strike (struck, struck) a bate, a sunato get up (got, got) a se sculato get into a intra to get to a ajunge lato get dressed a se mbrcabathroom camera de baieto stand (stood, stood) a sta n picioaresugar-bowl zaharnimilk-jug can de lapteto shave a se brbieriplate farfurieto leave for (left, left) - a plecalately n ultimul timp

to do ones hair a-i aranja prul, a se coafato turn on (the radio, the tap) a deschide (radioul, robinetul)to pour some water a turna (ceva) apto dry oneself on the towel a se terge cu prosopulto lay (laid, laid) the table a pune masato have breakfast / lunch / dinner a lua micul dejun / prnzul / cinato be in a hurry a se grbito have a chat a sta de vorb

to read up for seminars a se pregti pentru seminariito do ones homework a-i face temeleto have / to take a shower a face un duto conclude a sales contract a ncheia un contract de vnzare-cumprareto make an appointment a fixa o ntlnirewith a view to (+gerunziu) n vederea, pentru a

GRAMMAR


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THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE(Perfectul Compus)

Perfectul compus se formeaz cu ajutorul verbului to have la prezent i cuparticipiul trecut al verbului de conjugat: TO HAVE + V3.

Common AspectAffirmative Form Negative Form Interrogative(-Negative)Form

I have finishedYou have finishedHe, she, it has finished

We have finished

You have finishedThey have finished

I have not (havent)finished.You have not finished.

He, she, it has not (hasnt)finished.

We have not finishedYou have not finishedThey have not finished

Have I (not) finished?

(Havent I finished?)Have you (not) finished?Has he, she, it (not)finished?

(Hasnt he,she,itfinished?)Have we (not) finished?Have you (not) finished?Have they (not) finished?

Participiul trecut al verbelor regulate se formeaz din forma scurt ainfinitivului, prin adugarea desinenei ed, dup urmtoarele reguliortografice:

Spelling Rules Examples1) Verbele terminate la infinitiv n emut pierd aceast vocal nainteadesinenei ed

to live livedto arrive arrivedto celebrate celebrated

2) Verbele terminate la infinitive n yprecedat de o consoan, schimby n i

to study studiedto dry driedto hurry hurried

3) Verbele monosilabice terminate ntr-oconsoan precedat de o vocal scurtdubleaz consoana final

to stop - stopped

4) Verbele plurisilabice, terminate ntr-oconsoan precedat de o vocal i avndaccentual pe ultima silab, precum iverbele terminate n l, indiferent deaccent, dubleaz consoana final

to pre`fer - preferredto com`pel - compelledto `travel - travelled


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The use of the Present Perfect Tense Common Aspect

Rules Examples1. Present Perfect exprim o aciunetrecut care are legtur cu prezentul.a) Legtura poate fi temporal: aciunea

ncepe n trecut i continu n present.Momentul nceperii aciunii se indic prin cuvntulsince (prepoziie,conjuncie, adverb) din, de cnd.Durata aciunii se red printr-o locuiuneadverbial introdus prin prepoziiaforde:b) Legtura poate fi cauzal: aciunea s-aterminat, dar urmrile ei continu sexiste n present:

I have seen this film.

I have known himformany years.

We have not seen himsince Monday.He has not sleptwellsince that night.

Mary has openedthe window.She has turnedon the tap.

2. Present Perfect se refer la o perioadde timp nc n curs, ceea ce este indicatprin adverbele sau locuiunile adverbiale:today, this week, this summer, this month,

lately, of late, this morning, this year, inthe last few years.

Have you been to the theatre this month?

She has workedmuch this week.

3. Present Perfect exprim o aciune carea avut loc ntr-un trecut foarte apropiat.El este nsoit atunci de adverbe de timpnedefinit ca: often, seldom, ever, never,just, yet, always, already.

The clockhasjuststrucksix.She has already brushedher teeth.He hasnt shavedyet.

EXERCISES

I. Speak about Marys working day according to the plan:

a) What she usually does in the morning (before breakfast).b) What she generally does at the Academy of Economic Studies.c) What she usually does after classes and in the evenings.d) How she spends her time on Sundays.

II. Complete the dialogues using the words in brackets:

When do your classes begin? (8 oclock; generally; in the morning)How many classes do you have every day? (not more than six; sometimes four)Do you go straight home after classes? ( not always; the library or the reading-room; sometimes)What do you usually do there? ( to read books and magazines; to make notes on; tolook through newspapers)


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And when do you usually do your English lessons? (to have got the necessary

books; if; to do ones homework at home)Do you work in the library till late in the evening? (not to stay; late)And how do you spend your time in the evening when you are free? (to watch

television; to go to the pictures or to the theatre; to go to see ones friends)Do you go to bed late? (not very; at about 11; as a rule).

III. Use since or for and translate the sentences into Romanian:

1. I havent seen her Sunday. 2. I havent seen them 1980. 3. We havent seenthem ten years. 4. She has been here morning. 5. We have been here an hour

and a half. 6. He hasnt shaved two days. 7. I have known him five years.

IV. Insert:a) the past participle of the regular verbs: to open, to turn, to pour, to brush, to dry,to shave, to finish, to stay, to watch, to live:

1. He has just the window. 2. She has just on the radio. 3. She has already her teeth. 4. She has already some water into the glass. 5. We have already ourbreakfast. 6. Has she herself on the towel? 7. Has he already ? 8. Have you at

home and a film on TV? 9. They havent in Constantza.b) the past participle of the irregular verbs: to see, to strike, to get up, to put, to do, togo, to come, to have, to be, to lay, to stand, to leave: 1. I have this film on TV. 2.

The clock has just seven. 3. George hasnt yet. 4. Have you a sugar-bowl on

the table? 5. Why havent you your hair? 6. Jane has to the students club. 7.Has your brother home? 8. She has just a cold shower. 9. Have you to thepictures this week? 10. Who has the table for breakfast? 11. Who has just at the

wash-basin? 12. They have just for their office.

V. Translate into English:

1. Nu v-am vzut de doi ani. Unde ai fost? 2. Cine a deschis robinetul de ap cald?3. N-am luat nc micul dejun. 4. Ai terminat micul dejun? Da, mi-a plcut foartemult. 5. Ct este ora le dvs.? Ceasul meu a stat. 6. De cnd sunte i la Bucureti? Sunt aici de duminic. 7. De cnd locuiete fratele tu n Bucureti? Din 1974. 8.De cnd avei televizorul? Numai de dou luni.


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LESSON FIVETHE FAMILY

Mary is twenty years old. She is a student of the Faculty of the Agrarian Economyand Accounting.She lives with her parents in Bucharest. Her father is a worker. He works as a welder

at a large plant. Her mother is a weaver at a textile mill. Mary has a brother. Marys brother, John is a doctor at the Brncovenesc Hospital. He has been working theresince 1979. He has a family of his own: a wife and three children: two sons and one

daughter. Helen, Johns wife, is an assistant-lecturer at the Academy of EconomicStudies.

Marys grand mother and grand father are pensioners. They live in Bra ov. Their

grand sons and grand daughter often spend their holidays at their grand parents.

Marys uncle lives in a provincial town. He is a miner. His wife is a very kind woman

and a good housewife. Jane, their daughter, is Marys cousin. Marys great grandmother lives with them.

* * *

John: Where do you live?Peter: I live with my parents and grand parents in Bucharest.John: Have you got any sisters and brothers?Peter: Yes, our family is quite a big one: I have three brothers and two sisters who aretwins.John: Are they older than you?Peter: I have only one brother who is older than me. The others are all younger.John: What is your elder brother?Peter: He is a civil engineer. He lives in Constantza. He is married and has two

children. My sister-in-law is an economist. I can tell you Im very proud of being anuncle. I love my niece and my nephew very much.

John: Oh, Im sure you do. Do they often come to Bucharest?

Peter: No, they dont. You see, most of our relatives live there my uncles, aunts,and all my cousins.

VOCABULARYparent printe; tat sau mamfather tatmother mamwelder sudorweaver estorson fiudaughter fiic


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great grandparent strbunic sau strbunicgrand mother bunicgrand father bunicgrand daughter nepoat de bunic (bunic)grand son nepot de bunic (bunic)housewife gospodinsister sor

brother fratecousin vr sau verioartwins gemenicivil engineer inginer constructorto marry a cstori; a se cstorisister-in-law cumnatbrother-in-law cumnatuncle unchiaunt mtuniece nepoat (de unchi sau mtu)nephew nepot (de unchi sau mtu)relative rudin-laws rude prin alianbachelor celibatarspinster celibataran only child copil unicmill uzin, fabric, filatur, moar

GRAMMARI. POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

( Adjectivele i pronumele posesive)Possessive AdjectivesSingularmy meu, mea, mei, meleyour tu, ta, ti, talehis luiher eiits lui, ei

Pluralour - nostru, noastr, notri, noastreyour vostru, voastr, votri, voastretheir lor

Possesive PronounsSingularmine al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale meleyours al tu, a ta, ai ti, ale talehis al lui, a lui, ai lui, ale luihers al ei, a ei, ai ei, ale eiits su, a sa, ai si, ale sale

Pluralours al nostru, a noastr, ai notri, alenoastreyours al vostru, a voastr, ai votri, alevoastretheirs al lor, a lor, ai lor, ale lor

Pronumele posesiv nlocuiete att numele obiectului posedat ct i alposesorului. Pronumele posesive nu determin substantive ca adjectiveleposesive, ci le nlocuiesc.


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Observai mai jos diferena dintre adjectivul i pronumele posesiv i pronumelepersonal n cazul dativ/acuzativ:

Possessive adjective: Its my car.

Possessive pronoun: Its mine.Personal pronoun: It belongs to me.

II. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS(Adjectivele i pronumele demonstrative)

de apropiere de deprtare

Singular this thatPlural these those

Se traduc:this acest, aceast; acesta, aceasta

that acel, acea; acela, aceeathese aceti, aceste; acetia, acesteathose acei, acele; aceia, acelea

1.Possessive Adjectives Possessive PronounsWhere is mybook?She gave me his address.Our classroom is very nice .His coat is new.Her dress is nice.

Our house stands in a quiet streetThe room is large. Its walls are white.

This book is mine.I have lost my pencil Please, give meyours.This is not their house, theirs is biggerthan his.

The new coat is his.This nice dress is hers. This house isours.The fault is mine.These seats are theirs.

2.Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative PronounsThis young man is my best friend.That house is very small.Thesepencils are good.Those flowers are roses.

This is my dictionary and that is hers.These are his magazines, and those aremine.

III. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE(Prezentul perfect continuu)

Se formeaz cu ajutorul verbului TO BE la prezentul perfect i participiul


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prezent (-ing) al verbului de conjugat: HAVE (HAS) BEEN + Ving

Affirmative Interrogative

I have been working / Ive been workingYou have been working

He, she, it has been working/Hes beenWe have been workingYou have been workingThey have been working

Have I been working?Have you been working?Has he, she, it been working?

Have we been working?Have you been working?Have they been working?

Negative Interrogative - Negative

I have not been working / I haventbeenYou have not been working

He, she, it has not been workingWe have not been workingYou have not been workingThey have not been working

Have I not been working?/ Havent IbeenHave you not been working?

Has he, she, it not been working?Have we not been working?Have you not been working?Have they not been working?

Prezentul perfect la aspectul continuu se folosete:1. pentru o aciune care a nceput n trecut i care continu i n present:

Ive been waiting for him for half an hour. (Im still waiting for him)

2. pentru o aciune care a nceput n trecut i care tocmai s-a ncheiat:Im so sorry Im late. Have you been waiting for me for a long time?

EXERCISESI. Enlarge upon:a) Your own family.b) Three relatives. Describe each one to a friend:- What each relative looks like.- Where he / she lives and works.- What his / her interests are.

II. Ask questions to the following sentences, according to the model:

Model: Ive been waiting for you for half an hour. How long have you been waitingfor me?


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1. He has been teaching French for two years. 2. Ive been writing the letter for anhour. 3. The children have been playing in the park since they came from school. 4.

She has been working in the garden since 8 o clock. 5. The boys have been fishingsince early in the morning. 6. He has been staying with us for a week. 7. He has beenreading since I have been here. 8. I have been peeling potatoes for twenty minutesnow. 9. She has been teaching at this school for five years.

III. Write the following sentences in the plural:

1. This is an interesting book. 2. That clock is slow. 3. This little boy is Marysbrother. 4. That young man is a student at the Faculty of Trade. 5. This family is avery big one. 6. That play was very good, the acting was wonderful indeed! 7. That is

a naughty boy, isnt he? 8. This is the most beautiful crystal glass Ive ever seen. 9.That dictionary was printed in 1903. 10. This is the ring she lost yesterday.IV. Replace the underlined words by possessive adjectives:

1.Johns book is on the desk. 2. The childrens toys are neatly arranged on the

shelves. 3. My sisters room is very large and clean. 4. Where are mothers shoes? 5.Our brothers new books are extremely valuable 6. Marys old flat looks quiteshabby. 7. The studentscopybooks are all on the desks. 8. Your sisters watch is verynice and keeps good time.

V. Translate into English:

a) 1. Familia lor este foarte numeroas. 2. Casa noastr este situat pe o strad extremde linitit. 3. Familia ei locuiete n Bucureti; unde locuiete a ta? 4. Fratele ei maimare lucreaz de doi ani la o uzin de tractoare. 5. Inelul lui de logodn este aici;unde este al tu? 6. Aceast tnr este fata cumnatului vostru, nu-i aa? 7. Acestea

sunt darurile de nunt pe care le-au primit tinerii cstorii de la bunica lor. 8. Acesteverighete sunt pentru nunta lor de argint. 9. Florile acelea le-am cumprat pentrustbunica mea. 10. Apartamentul acela este nc neocupat.

Cursuri Engleza an I Sem I.englEZA

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