Curso Q Analitica Cont II 2014

7/21/2019 Curso Q Analitica Cont II 2014

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CURSO DE ANALISISQUIMICO cont 2

PROFESORQUIM. RAUL CURIHUAMAN L.

FQIQ UNMSM2015 II


2/23

EQUILIBRIO ACIDO-BASETeo!" #e A$en!%&

A$en!%& en 1'()* +,"nteo Ac!#o e& c%",%!e &%&t"nc!" %e &e !on!/" +"c!", oco+,et"ente en H2O +"" #" !one& H %e &e"&oc!" con e, #!&o,ente +"" #" !one& H3O

HA H2O 4 6 H3O A-

Un" 7"&e &e #!&oc!" en e, H2O +"" #" !one& OH-

B H2O 4 6 BH OH8

.


3/23

EQUILIBRIO ACIDO-BASETeo!" &!&te" #!&o,ente

En 1(05 F"n9,!n +,"nteo L" !on!/"c!on #e, #!&o,ente +"" #" %n c"t!on : %n"n!on ;"%to !on!/"c!on< E=e+,o

2H2O 4 6 H3O OH-2NH3 4 6 NH) NH2-

Un "c!#o &e #e>!ne coo %n &o,%to %e #" %n CATION#e, #!&o,ente * en t"nto %e %n" 7"&e e& %n &o,%to %e#" %n ANION #e, D!&o,ente. A&! e, NH)C, e& %n "c!#o>%ete en NH3 ,!%!#o * "&! coo HC, en H2O

2C2H5OH 4 6 C2H5OH3 C2H5O-Po t"nto e, N"OC2H5 e& %n" 7"&e >%ete en e&te

#!&o,ente


4/23

EQUILIBRIO ACIDO-BASETeo!" #e Bon&te# -Lo?:

Se %&" +"" #!&o,ente& no !on!/"7,e& * coo e,

7enceno * #!o@"no *en 1(23 Bon&te# : Lo?:+,"nte"on +o &e+""#o Un "c!#o e& c%",%!e &%&t"nc!" %e +%e#e DONAR %n+oton : %n" 7"&e e& c%",%!e &%&t"nc!" %e +%e#eACEPTAR %n +oton

Ac!#o 4 6 H B"&e

e, +oton e@!&t!" c%"n#o e@!&t" %n" 7"&e %e ,o"ce+te#!&o,ente "c!#o1 7"&e2 6 "c!#o2 7"&e1H2O HC, H2O H3O C,-H2O H2O OAc- HOAc OH-

H2O NH) H2O H3O NH3


5/23

EQUILIBRIO ACIDO-BASETeo!" #e Le?!&

En1(23 .N. Le?!& !nto#%=o ," teo!" e,ecton!c" #e,o& "c!#o& : ,"& 7"&e& Un Ac!#o e& %n" &%&t"nc!" %e +%e#e ACEPTAR %n+" #e e,ectone& : %n" 7"&e e& %n" &%&t"nc!" %e+%e#e DONAR %n +" #e e,ectone&

L" 7"&e cont!ene O o N coo #on"#o #e e,ectone&"&! &%&t"nc!"& %e no cont!enen H +%e#en &e!nc,%!#"& coo "c!#o&

H;&o,"t"#o< NH3 6 HNH3 A,C,3 OR2 C,3A,OR2


6/23

EQUILIBRIO ACIDO BASE EN AUA

C%"n#o %n "c!#o o %n" 7"&e &e #!&%e,e en "%" &e#!&oc!" o &e !on!/" : e, "#o #e !on!/"c!on #e+en#e #e," >%e/" #e, "c!#o. Un e,ecto,!to FUERTE &e #!&oc!"co+,et"ente : %no DEBIL +"c!",ente.

HC, H2O H3O C,-HOAc H2O 4 -- 6 H3O OAc-

E, H2O &e !on!/" +"c!",ente ;"%to +oto,!&!&>eo" ,o"!t!c"-,oH -,o" -,oHOAcKAOc-

+H +" - ,oHOAcKAOc-In!t!en#o e, %,t!o ,o &e t!ene

+H +" ,oAOc-KHAOcE&t" t"7!en &e ,,"" ec%"c!on #e Hen#e&on H"&&e,7"tc$ : e& %t!, +"" c",c%," "c!#+ #e7!, con &% &",.

+H +" ,o7"&e con=%"#"K"c!#o+H +" ,o"ce+to +otone&K#on"#o #e +otone&


17/23

ec"n!&o #e, 7%>>e+H cte. ,o -K;HAo"" A- en c"nt!#"# e%!",ente : e, c"7!o #e ,"e,"c!on ;A-


18/23

+o7,e";7%>>eo" en !%", c"nt!#"# #e NH)C, +o t"nto)0 (0 1)0 o, NH)C, @ 53.5 Ko, J.)( L" c"nt!#"# #e o, N"OH %e &e e%!ee e& !%", " ,"

c"nt!#"# #e NH33.0M @ , (0 6 30 , N"OH


22/23

+o7,e" ) : 5;7%>>eo!co

: >o!"to #e &o#!o 1.0M " 1.' @ 10-)


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Curso Q Analitica Cont II 2014

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