CURS 08 - Urbanism P01

7/22/2019 CURS 08 - Urbanism P01

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ELEMENTE DE ARHITECTURA

- CURS VIII -

ELEMENTE DE URBANISM

Arh Ing Radu Costin Turcanu


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Orasul


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Populatia marilor orase

0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000

Bucuresti

Paris

Roma

Amsterdam

NewYork

Tokyo

Locuitori zona 1

(centrala sau urbana)

Locuitori zona 2

(urbana sau

metropolitana)

Locuitori zona 2 (urbana sau

metropolitana)

668162 7476513 1307454 609153 10223473 4152902

Locuitori zona 1 (centrala sau

urbana)

1931838 2,167,994 2,705,603 755,269 8,274,527 8,637,098

Bucuresti Paris Roma Amsterdam NewYork Tokyo


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Densitate de locuire in marile orase

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Locuitori/km^2 Zona1Locuitori/km^2 Zona 2

Locuitori/km^2 Zona1 8472.973684 24948.1473 2105.527626 3448.716895 6813.675066 13890.25265

Locuitori/km^2 Zona 2 138.677487 2836.202344 321.4787313 776.9808673 1368.824041 2653.153769

Bucuresti Paris Roma Amsterdam New York Tokyo


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Perceptia spatiului urbanStrada in Roma Proportie specifica orasului medieval, strazi inguste


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Reperul urban Marcarea LOCULUIVederea unui turn sau cupola, o fatada deosebita, o fantana, o decoratie aparte


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Place Vendome


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Place des Vosges


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Place de la Concorde - Paris


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The city takes its name from Margrave Karl Wilhelm of

Baden-Durlach, who founded the city on June 17, 1715 aftera dispute with the citizens of his previous capital, Durlach.

Karlsruhe

Lancelot Brown (1716 6 F b 1783) l k C bilit


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Lancelot Brown(17166 February 1783), more commonly known as CapabilityBrown, was an English landscape architect. He is remembered as "the last of the great Englisheighteenth-century artists to be accorded his due", and "England's greatest gardener". Hedesigned over 170 parks, many of which still endure. His influence was so great that thecontributions to the English landscape garden made by Charles Bridgeman and William Kentare often overlooked; even Kent's apologist Horace Walpole allowed that Kent had beenfollowed by "a very able master".


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Thorndon Hall


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Sherborne Castle


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Sheffield Park Garden


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The garden city movement is an approach to urban planning


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The garden city movementis an approach to urban planningthat was founded in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom.Garden cities were to be planned, self-contained communities surroundedby greenbelts, and containing carefully balanced areas of residences,industry, and agriculture.

Inspired by the Utopian novel Looking Backward, Howard published To-

morrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898 (reissued in 1902 asGarden Cities of To-morrow), organized the Garden City Association in1899. Two cities were founded based on Howard's ideas: LetchworthGarden City and Welwyn Garden City, both in England.

Howard's successor as chairman of the Garden City Association was SirFrederic Osborn, who extended the movement into regional planning. [1]

The idea of the garden city was influential in the United States (in Newport

News, Virginia's Hilton Village; Pittsburgh's Chatham Village; Sunnyside,Queens; Radburn, New Jersey; Jackson Heights, Queens; the Woodbourneneighborhood of Boston; Garden City, New York; Forest Hills, NY, andBaldwin Hills Village in Los Angeles), in Canada (in Kapuskasing, Ontarioand Walkerville, Ontario) and in Argentina (in ciudad jardn de Lomas delPalomar). The first German garden city, Hellerau, a suburb of Dresden, wasfounded in 1909. The concept was drawn upon for German worker housingbuilt during the Weimar years, and again in England after World War II whenthe New Towns Act triggered the development of many new communities

based on Howard's egalitarian vision. Scandinavian examples include thegarden city of Bromma in Stockholm, built 1910-1940, including theinternationally acclaimed functionalist garden city area of Sdra ngby. Thegarden city movement also influenced the Scottish urbanist Sir PatrickGeddes in the planning of Jerusalem's expansion and Tel-Aviv, Israel in1920's during the British mandate period. Contemporary town planningcharters like New Urbanism and Principles of Intelligent Urbanism find theirorigins in this movement. Today, there are many garden cities in the world.Most of them, however, exist as just dormitory suburbs, which completelydiffer from what Howard wanted to create.


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Aerial view of Letchworth, Hertfordshire,the first garden city in England, founded

in 1903.


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Urmasul orasului gradina Cartierul rezidential Nord American


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Urmasul orasului gradina Cartierul rezidential Nord American


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Urmasul orasului gradina Urbanismul Peisager


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1927 - Villas at Weissenhof Estate, Stuttgart, Germany


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Urbanismul Functionalist preia ideea orasului gradina

In loc de case sunt propuse blocuri de locuinte


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Viziunea lui Corbusier

Aplicarea unitatii de locuire la scara globala => Nasterea urbanismului functionalist


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Viziunea lui Corbusier aplicata orasului Paris Plan Voisin Din fericire nematerializata


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Blocul functionalist

+ este asigurata o locuinta la un pret accesibil

+ sunt asigurate conditiile traiului decent

+ igienic si sanitar locuinta este corespunzatoare

-Comparativ cu locuirea intr-un oras din perioadade inaintea celui de-al 2-lea razboi mondial, oras

cu care era obisnuit, individul este fortat sa

traiasca in conditii noi, straine, cu care nu este

obisnuit

-omul este fortat sa locuiasca intr-o matrice ale

carei coordonate trebuie sa le cunoasca, nuexista alt reper

-locuinta este depersonalizata, standard

Locuirea la bloc a fost o solutie potrivita in multe

cazuri situatiei create dupa razboi in care multa

populatie ramasese fara locuinta, solutie

potrivita cel putin pe termen scurt si mediu.

In Romania s-a continuat constructia de blocuri

Functionaliste pana in 1989 desi in alte parti ale

lumii se renuntase demult, inca din anii 70,

multe dintre acestea fiind demolate deoarece au

ajuns sa fie privite ca o locuinta inferioara, a

imigrantilor, devenind sursa de infractionalitate.


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Drumul Taberei - 1968

Drumul TabereiPrintre primele cartiere functionaliste in Bucuresti

Vecinatati in Drumul Taberei


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BrasiliaOras Functionalist

Demonstratie de urbanism


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Noul Curent in Arhitectura si UrbanismRelationarea la: Context, la Spiritul locului,

Arhitectura de concept isi poate naste conceptul

din natura sitului natural sau urban


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Arhitectura de concept isi poate naste conceptul

din natura sitului natural sau urban


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http://blog.buildllc.com/2008/02/11/the-architecture-of-insertion/


Arhitectura de concept isi poate naste conceptuldin natura sitului natural sau urban

Arcology, from the words "ecology" and "architecture,"[1] is a set of architectural design principles aimed toward the design ofenormous habitats (hyperstructures) of extremely high human population density. These largely hypothetical structures, called


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"arcologies," would contain a variety of residential and commercial facilities and minimize individual human environmental impact.They are often portrayed as self-contained or economically self-sufficient.

The concept has been primarily popularized by architect Paolo Soleri, and appears commonly in science fiction.


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CURS 08 - Urbanism P01

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