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Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

Glbr Jaratau*

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG

KBQI KADHȞ

AmgffljdtĊ ëk d mbud nuhĊtdta d sajbiuiug di SGS-iad, hĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ(Jcgȟjdkg) vd mavakg ëk majakggia urhĊtbdra ȗg påkĊ id ëkjcgmarad ag ma dutbrg-tĊȟgia sbvgatgja uk ̀ bjdr vargtdegi ma rĊspåkmgra d juiturgg ȗg spgrgtudigtĊȟgg jraȗtgka,dtåt ëk Edsdrdegd, jåt ȗg pasta Kgstru. Hdg huit jd dtåt, fflgkm dȗazdtĊ ëk prbxghgtd-tad d mbuĊ jaktra ëk jurs ma rusgffljdra ma pa råui Kgstru (]glcgkd pa hdiui mraptȗg ]grdspbi pa hdiui ståkl), hĊkĊstgrad Jcgȟjdkg d `bst ëk hĊsurĊ sĊ hakȟgkĊ

spgrgtui kdȟgbkdi prgk gktarhamgui jĊrȟgg ma `djturĊ raiglgbdsĊ. Dfflrhdȟgd kbdstrĊasta prbedtĊ prgk kuharbdsaia jĊrȟg hdkusjrgsa ȗg tgpĊrgta ëk ighed rbhåkĊ, ditĊ-mdtĊ d hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ, gmaktgffljdta ëk prbjasui jarjatĊrgg ëk egeigbtajgiaegsargjgibr ȗg hĊkĊstgrgibr mgk Hbimbvd ma UĊsĊrgt. @ggkm ëkfflgkȟdtĊ ma jĊiulĊrgg vajcgg idvra d Kadhȟuiug, dgjg du ̀ bst dmusa kuharbdsa hdkusjrgsa ȗg jĊrȟg vajcg,ëkjåt egeigbtajd ma id Kbui Kadhȟ mavgka spra s`årȗgtui sajbiuiug di SGS-iad ȗgprghd nuhĊtdta d sajbiuiug di SS-iad jad hdg vdibrbdsĊ mgk ëktral spdȟgui prutb-kgstradk.

Asta ma mdtbrgd kbdstrĊ sĊ prajgzĊh jĊ mgk jaia pasta 56 ma hĊkĊstgrg mgkEdsdrdegd ëk pargbdmd sbvgatgjĊ d `ukjȟgbkdt mbdr jad ma id Ndpjd, d jĊrag egeigb-tajĊ asta pĊstrdtĊ ëk gkjgktd hĊkĊstgrgg, gdr egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ astaukgjd jbksarvdtĊ ëk `bkmurgia Drcgvag Kdȟgbkdia d Uapueigjgg Hbimbvd. Va pdr-jursui axgstakȟag sdia, ëksĊ, hdg huita jĊrȟg hdkusjrgsa ȗg tgpĊrgta du `bst ëkstrĊ-gkdta, ëkjåt ukaia sa dstĊ ëk prazakt ëk `bkmurg ma egeigbtajg pueigja, pdrtgjuidra,ëk huzaa, ëk egsargjg ȗg hĊkĊstgrg. JarjatĊrgia mgk uitghd pargbdmĊ ka-du b`argtbpbrtukgtdtad ma d gmaktgffljd hdg huita jĊrȟg tgpĊrgta ëk mg`argta jaktra rbhåkaȗtgȗg strĊgka, prbvakgta mgk egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ. VrajgzĊh jĊ vdibrgiaegeigbfflia mgk egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg du `bst pĊstrdta ëk jbkmgȟgg djjaptdegia, ëkjåthdra pdrta mgktra aia sukt ëk stdra eukĊ ma jbksarvdra.

  Ëk djast mahars ka-dh prbpus sĊ gkjiumah ëk jgrjugtui ȗtggkȟgfflj jĊrȟgiagmaktgffljdta ëk prbjasui ma jarjatdra ȗg sĊ b`argh jaibr gktarasdȟg ma vdibrgiaegeigbfflia gk`brhdȟgg gstbrgja vdibrbdsa, jdra razuitĊ mgk ëksahkĊrgia hdkusjrgsa,ju prajĊmara jaia maspra jgrjuidȟgd jĊrȟgibr, gtgkardrggia pa jdra s-du mapidsdtpåkĊ ëk Edsdrdegd. Pbh debrmd jbkstgtugrad ȗg jbhpiatdrad egeigbtajgg ju vdibrgegeigbfflia påkĊ id hgnibjui sajbiuiug SS, prazaktdrad ëk brmgka jrbkbiblgjĊ djĊrȟgibr gmaktgffljdta ëk uitghgg dkg ȗg jarjatdta ma vgsu ëk `bkmurg ma egeigbtajg sduëk hĊkĊstgrg. Gkvastgldȟggia ëktraprgksa ëk dkui 5645 ëk egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg KbuiKadhȟ d prgianugt gmaktgffljdrad ukbr jĊrȟg vajcg egsargjaȗtg, igstd jĊrbrd, ëhpraukĊ

ju ëksahkĊrgia hdkusjrgsa vbr ffl gkjiusa ëk uitghui jbhpdrtghakt di maharsuiug.* Glbr Jaratau, mbjtbr ëk gstbrga, jarjatĊtbr ȗtggkȟgfflj jbbrmbkdtbr id Gkstgtutui ma Gstbrga di DȓH.

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UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

  Uastajȟgg gstbrgblrdfflja. Ëk hamgui jarjatĊtbrgibr prabjupdȟg ma gstbrgdhĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ asta ukdkgh djjaptdt jĊ paktru prghd mdtĊ d debrmdtprbeiahd vdibrgibr jĊrturĊraȗtg mgk egeigbtajd ag Hgcdgi Ldkgtzog, jdra d aidebrdtȗg pueigjdt b igstĊ (sa pdra gkjbhpiatĊ) d jĊrȟgibr tgpĊrgta ȗg hdkusjrgsa gmaktgffljdta.Dutbrui gkjiuma ëk jgrjugtui ȗtggkȟgfflj :6 ma hdkusjrgsa ȗg jĊrȟg tgpĊrgta ëk ighedrbhåkĊ, 3 tgpĊrgturg ȗg 5= hdkusjrgsa sidvbkaȗtg. Gk`brhdȟgd prazaktdtĊ ma H.Ldkgtzog d `bst pueigjdtĊ ëk dkui 4336 ëk trag kuhara dia ravgstag ОгугибефоgaБвжцсгжпщияa Еaнлйлфхг, (ℐ 56-55). Ëk ℐ 56 dutbrui d gkjius :6 ma hdkusjrgsa,mgktra jdra prghaia 47 sukt ffla sjrgarg, ffla trdmujarg dia iug Dkmrbkgj ȗg mbdr ukdmgktra aia, ZjurtĊ gstbrga d hĊkĊstgrgibr Kadhȟ ȗg Zaju (pbzgȟgd 3) , d `bst tgpĊrgtĊ idhĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ ëk dkui 431<4. Ëk kuhĊrui urhĊtbr sukt gkjiusa bpt tgpĊrgturg,ju prajgzdrad jĊ sukt jĊrȟg sidvbkaȗtg, ëksĊ prghaia trag (uk  Hbigtvakgj  ȗg mbuĊIgturlcgara) du `bst tgpĊrgta ëk Hbimbvd ȗg Ȟdrd UbhåkadsjĊ. Ëk uitghd pdrta (ℐ

54 pdrȟgdi ȗg ℐ 55 ëk ëktralgha) sukt sjrgsa tgtiurgia d 5= ma hdkusjrgsa sidvbkaȗtg.Avgmakt, kuhĊrui jĊrȟgibr hdkusjrgsa ȗg tgpĊrgta mgk egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg KbuiKadhȟ d `bst hdg hdra, gdr igstd urhd sĊ jbktgkua ëk urhĊtbdraia kuhara diaravgstag, dutbrui sjrggkm id s`årȗgtui drtgjbiuiug mgk ℐ 55 jĊ gk`brhdȟgd vd jbktgkud,ëksĊ ku d `bst pueigjdtĊ5.  D. Ztdmkgtzog, jĊiĊtbrgkm id hĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ, ȗg-d sjrgs ghprasggiamaspra jaia vĊzuta ȗg trĊgta pa pdrjursui vgzgtag. D ̀ bst gktarasdt ma jĊrȟgia egsargjaȗtgmgk egeigbtajĊ ȗg jbkfflrhĊ axgstakȟd ëk dkui 433< d hdkusjrgsaibr vajcg, mgksajbiui SGP sjrgsa ëk sidvbkĊ ȗg lradjĊ, prbvakgta ma id hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ. Dutbruidhgktaȗta ȗg maspra uk Grhbiblcgbk, jdra d `bst jbpgdt id hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ ëk4347 ma garbmgdjbkui Lumggi:. Zukt hargtubdsa ëk djast jbktaxt jbktrgeuȟggia iugD. Gdtzghgrsjcg, jdra d jarjatdt tahagkgj ȗg d masjrgs ̀ bkmui ma hdkusjrgsa sidvbkamgk egeigbtajd ma id Kbui Kadhȟ=.  B debrmdra dhpiĊ d gstbrgag hĊkĊstgrgg d `bst sahkdtĊ ma Lurga Lrbsu. Br,ëk avaktudigtdtad aidebrĊrgg ukag hbkblrdfflg dmdptdtĊ id kbgia jargkȟa gstbrgja,djadstd ku dr traeug kaligndtĊ, mabdraja asta prghd iujrdra hbkblrdffljĊ maspratrajutui hĊkĊstgrgg ȗg d `bst gkspgrdtĊ mgk sjrgargia garbhbkdcuiug Dkmrbkgj.Dutbrui sa ra`arĊ mbdr id sjrgargia iug Dkmrbkgj ȗg hdg puȟgk id gstbrgd egeigbtajggsdu id jbhpiatdrad ag ju vdibrg egeigbfflia vajcg1.

4  Egeigblrdffld UbhåkadsjĊ HbmarkĊ. Pbi. G _D-JX, Eujuraȗtg, Amgturd Djdmahgag Ubhåka, 4730,kr. =606=, p. 5=1-5=0. 

5  Й.К. Фхжцлвбьжхият оигкг г цъолвгфг ею Илел-Итйбролйю йлижфхяц҈, е ОБЕ, 4336, ℐ,56, ф. 770-466:, ℐ 54, ф. 4616-4617? ℐ 55 ф. 467=-4677.

:  Жеофбихgз Фхжнигроgз, Вл҈множ ею Илел-Итйброgз йлижфхяцщ, е ОБЕ, 433<, ℐ 44, ф. =4=-=:6.

=  Ж. Тргйгцфогз, Цъолвгфг сцжитчгсфт ею Илел-Итйбролй йлижфхяцб е Дбффжцждгг.Фпжетифогб цъолвгфг Итйброжкл йлижфхяцт е Цъйяигг.  Лхн. Лххгфо гм  НцбеилфхгФпжетифолз Олййгфгг Йлфолефолкл Жцсблплкгьбфожкл Лдчбфхеж, Йлфоеж, 4373, ф. 34-461?Gmah, Фпжетифогб г цъффогб цъолвгфг цъйяифогс дгдпглхбо , Фжиохвбхбцдъцк, ХгвлкцжэгтГйвбцжхлцфолз Жожнбйгг Ижъо, 4761, ф. 715-71:? Gmah, Гм гфхлцгг фпжетифолз вцлвлебнг

е Йлпнжегг, _s.i.X,Хгвлкцжэгт Г.И.Фолцлслнлеж, 4760, ф. 44: atj.1  Жцсгйжинцгх Къцгб, Гфхлцgт Илел-Итйброжкл Фетхл-Елмибфбифожкл йлижфхяцт , Бвжцсg-жпщижт хгвлкцжэgт, Огугибею, 4744, 406 ф.

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Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

  Ëk pargbdmd gktareaigjĊ du vgzgtdt hĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ hdg huiȟg ëkdgk-tdȗg dg juiturgg rbhåkaȗtg mgk Edsdrdegd, jdra ȗg-du iĊsdt ffla ukaia dhgktgrg maspra vgzgtaia ëktraprgksa, ffla jarjatĊrg tahagkgja ra`argtbdra id gstbrgd hĊkĊstgrgg sdu idegeigbtajd ag. Ëk Gstbrgjui Zfflktag Hbkdstgrg Kbu-Kadhȟ   garbhbkdcui G. GarbkghrastajtĊ `bdrta puȟgk vgdȟd spgrgtudiĊ, ra`argkmu-sa ëk spajgdi id vgdȟd ajbkbhgjĊȗg id parsbkdigtĊȟgia jdra du ëkfflgkȟdt brg s-du dstdt ëk `ruktad gkstgtuȟgag hbkdcdia.Djastd masjrga djtgvgtdtad stdraȟuiug Dkmrbkgj Vbpbvgjg ȗg dhgktaȗta mbdr maspra`dptui jĊ d sjrgs pasta 16 ma tbhurg0.  Z-d dpiajdt dsuprd jbiajȟgag ma vdibrg egeigbfflia ma id Kbui Kadhȟ V. Jbk-stdktgkasju-Gdȗg, jdra prajgzadzĊ jĊ ëk dkui 47:: axgstdu ëk egeigbtajd ag vrab 51-:6 ma hdkusjrgsa, ëksĊ d masjrgs mbdr jåtavd mgktra djastad. Dutbrui prajgzadzĊjĊ vdibrgia egeigbfflia ma id Kbui Kadhȟ du `bst trdkspbrtdta ma id vajcad idvrĊ dKadhȟuiug ma ab`dk ȗg Dkmrbkgj. Ma dsahakad, dmhgta jĊ huita jĊrȟg du mgs-

pĊrut, mabdraja du `bst ëkstrĊgkdta ma D. Gdtzghgrsjcg. Ëk djaadȗg pargbdmĊ du `bstëktraprgksa ëkjarjĊrg ma d trdkspbrtd jaia hdg vajcg hdkusjrgsa mgk egeigbtajĊid Djdmahgd UbhåkĊ mgk Eujuraȗtg, ëksĊ mdtbrgtĊ pbzgȟgag `arha d stdraȟuiug ȗgjĊiulĊrgibr jĊrȟgia du rĊhds ëk hĊkĊstgra<.  Vrabtui Mghgtrga Hgjȗukasju sjrga ëk ghprasggia sdia ma jĊiĊtbrga, pueigjdtaëk 47:<, jĊ ‛hdrad ȗg ebldtd egeigbtajĊ, ja juprgkma jĊrȟg ma kapraȟugtĊ vdibdra,ëk ighed rbhåkĊ, rusĊ ȗg sidvĊ, jaia hdg huita dmusa ma jĊiulĊrgg ëkjapĊtbrg dgdjastag sfflkta hĊkĊstgrg, mgk vajcad hĊkĊstgra d Kadhȟuiug, asta egka drdkndtĊ‘3.ȓt. Lr. Earajcat dhgktaȗta maspra b `bdrta ebldtĊ egeigbtajĊ dȗazdtĊ ëktr-uk ibjdi

dkuhgt. Ad juprgkma `bdrta huita sjrgarg ëk ighed rbhåkĊ, rusĊ ȗg sidvĊ. Vbtrgvgtdutbruiug jaia hdg huita sukt dmusa ma jĊiulĊrgg ëkjapĊtbrg dg djastag hĊkĊstgrgmgk vajcad hĊkĊstgra d Kadhȟuiug. Axgstdu ȗg jåtavd hdkusjrgsa, ëktra jdra ȗg jaidi stdraȟuiug Dkmrbkgj maspra vgdȟd sd ȗg hbkblrdffld hĊkĊstgrgg sjrgsa ëk ighedrbhåkadsjĊ7.

Jbktrgeuȟgg hargtubdsa id vdibrgffljdrad pdtrghbkguiug egeigbffli mgk egeigbtajdhĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ dpdrȟgk iug Vdui Hgcdgi, jdra s-d ra`argt matdigdt id jĊrȟgiahdkusjrgsa ȗg tgpĊrgta ȗg jbhpiatdrad egeigbtajgg djastug jaktru hbkdcdi. Dutb-rui pueigjĊ mgk jbraspbkmakȟd pĊrgktaiug Dkmrbkgj ju `rdȟgg jĊiulĊrg mgk idvrdKadhȟuiug mupĊ stdegigrad djastugd pa hbȗgd Jcgȟjdkg, ma dsahakad, sa ra`arĊ idialĊturgia jĊrturĊraȗtg mgktra gardrcgg Hgtrbpbigag Hbimbvag ju hĊkĊstgrad KbuiKadhȟ mgk Edsdrdegd ëk uitghaia majakgg dia sajbiuiug SGS46.

0  Garbhbkdcui G. Garbkgh, Gstbrgjui Zfflktag HbkĊstgrg Kbui-Kadhȟ , ]gp. ȗg Ige. ApdrcgdiĊ ‚ JdrtadUbhåkadsjĊ, JcgȗgkĊu, 4750, p. 5<.

<  V. Jbkstdktgkasju-Gdȗg, Hdkusjrgsaia maid H-rad Kbui Kadhȟ , ëk Pgdȟd Edsdrdegag, 47::, kr. 5, p.=:-=<.

3  Mghgtrga V. Hgjȗukasju, Pgzgtåkm hĊkĊstgrg edsdrdeaka ȗg eujbvgkaka. Ju b pra`dȟĊ ma M-iprb`asbr K. Gbrld, ]gpblrdffld zgdruiug ‛Qkgvarsui‘, 47:<, p. :4

7  ȓt. Lr. Earajcat, HĊkĊstgrad Kbuiug Kadhȟ , ëk vbiuhui Edsdrdegd. Hbkblrdffla. Zue ëklrgngrad iug

ȓta`dk Jgbedku, Qkgvarsgtds, JcgȗgkĊu, 477:, p. 565-56=46 Vdui Hgcdgi, Ëk`ĊȟgȗĊrg ma vgdȟĊ juiturdiĊ rbhåkadsjĊ id hĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ mgk Edsdrdegd, ëkPgdȟd Edsdrdegag, Dk GP, 47:1, kr. 44-45, p. 1:-06? Gmah, IalĊturg jĊrturĊraȗtg mgktra Hgtrbpbigd

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UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

  ^dhfflr Drebra suesjrga gpbtazag pbtrgvgt jĊragd mupĊ 430= ‛djaȗtg jĊiulĊrg,ëhpraukĊ ju garbhbkdcui ab`dk Jrgstad ȗg ju garbsjcghbkdcui Dkmrbkgj, dusustrds mgk HĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ hdra jdktgtdta ma crgsbdva ȗg jĊrȟg vajcg ȗg s-dudȗazdt id Jcgȟjdkg, hbȗgd hĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, sbigjgtåkm ma id ëhpĊrdtui Uusgag, jdtbdtĊ dvarad hĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟu mgk Edsdrdegd sĊ ffla iĊsdtĊ kbuiug dȗazĊhåkt‘44.

Hdkusjrgsaia ma id Kbui Kadhȟ du `bst jarjatdta ëk prb`ukzgha ma P.Bvjgkgjbvd-Vaigk, jdra d aidebrdt paktru prghd mdtĊ uk jdtdibl di hdkusjrgsaibrrbhåkaȗtg pĊstrdta ëk mg`argta jaktra mgk ̀ bstd QUZZ. Dutbdrad gkjiuma ëk jgrjugtuiȗtggkȟgfflj 4=: ma hdkusjrgsa vajcg ma axprasga sidvĊ ȗg rbhåkadsjĊ mgk sajbiaiaSGP-SGS, gmaktgffljĊ ȗdsa hdkusjrgsa jdra sa dstĊ ëk prazakt ëk mg`argta gkstgtuȟggmgk @amardȟgd UusĊ ȗg kbhgkdigzadzĊ dita 40 hdkusjrgsa vajcg mgk djaadȗgpargbdmĊ dia jĊrbr ibj ma mapbzgtdra ku asta jukbsjut påkĊ ëk prazakt. Jdtdibluijuprgkma uk stumgu prgvgkm gstbrgd jbkstgtugrgg egeigbtajgg Kbuiug Kadhȟ45. Ëktr-

uk rapartbrgu di hdkusjrgsaibr rbhåkaȗtg dstdta ëk jbiajȟgg mgk strĊgkĊtdta suktgkjiusa 47 hdkusjrgsa prbvakgta mgk egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg Jcgȟjdkg4:.  JarjatĊtbrui Mgku Vbȗtdrakju, ëk jbktrgeuȟgd sd id gstbrgd hĊkĊstgrgg KbuiKadhȟ d jbksdjrdt uk hgj jbhpdrtghakt egeigbtajgg mgk gkjgktd hĊkĊstgrgg, ëkjdra debrmadzĊ ëk igkgg lakardia gstbrgd jbkstgtugrgg egeigbtajgg4=. Gk`brhdȟgg maspratrajutui hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ ëk lakardi ȗg d egeigbtajgg ëk pdrtgjuidr du `bstpueigjdta ma P. Bvjgkgjbvd-Vaigk41, K. Hdtag40, K. Kalru4<, gdr hdg rajakt ma I. @.Jadȗjgkd43.  V. EĊidk d pueigjdt gk`brhdȟgg praȟgbdsa maspra hĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ ȗg

 vamarg ma eukĊ jdigtdta mgk gkjgktĊ, utgigzåkm sursa hdg vajcg, dmdptdta pa kamrapt

 Hbimbvag ȗg hĊkĊstgrad Kbui-Kadhȟ . Axtrds mgk ravgstd ‛IuhgkĊtbrui‘, ℐ 1-0, 47:7, 4= p. ȗg ëkGmah,  HĊrturgg ma spgrgtudigtdta rbhåkadsjĊ ëk Edsdrdegd, ‛ȓtggkȟd‘, JcgȗgkĊu, 477:, p. 5:-:<?Gmah, Mgk egeigbtajd H-rag Kbui Kadhȟ , ëk Gmah, HĊrturgg ma spgrgtudigtdta rbhåkadsjĊ ëk Edsdrd-egd, p. 5::-5:0

44 ^dhfflr Drebra, Mgjȟgbkdrui lablrdfflj di Edsdrdegag, Husauh, @ukmdȟgd JuiturdiĊ UbhåkĊ, Jcg-ȗgkĊu, 5664, p.0:.

45  Jdtdiblui lakardi di hdkusjrgsaibr hbimbvakaȗtg pĊstrdta ëk QUZZ. Jbiajȟgd egeigbtajgg hĊkĊstgrggKbui Kadhȟ (saj. SGP-SGS). DijĊtugtbr P. Bvjgkgjbvd-Vaigk, JcgȗgkĊu, ‛ȓtggkȟd‘, 4737, =:3 p.Qkui mgktra djasta hdkusjrgsa i-dh gmaktgffljdt ëk `bkmui Jdrta rdrĊ ȗg vajca d Egeigbtajgg

ȓtggkȟgfflja Jaktrdia d DȓH, gdr mdtaia du ̀ bst pueigjdta ëk ravgstd Egeigbsjgaktgd, kr. 7, 564:, p. 46-53.

4:  Hdkusjrgsa ma brglgka rbhåkadsjĊ mgk jbiajȟgg strĊgka. Uapartbrgu ëktbjhgt ma Udmu Jbkstdktg-kasju, Eujuraȗtg, 4730, p. 4=0-4=7.

4=  Mgku Vbȗtdrakju, HĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ , Amgturd ‛Qkgvarsgtds‘, JcgȗgkĊu, 477=, p. 1:-1=.41  Pdiaktgkd Bvjgkgjbvd-Vaigk, Jbhbdrd ralĊsgtĊ, ëk ravgstd Hbimbvd, JcgȗgkĊu, kr. 1, 4737, p. :5-

:=.40  K. Hdtag, Egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ, tazdur ma spgrgtudigtdta ȗg juiturĊ rbhåkadsjĊ , ëk

Igtardturd ȗg Drtd, =6 (5<56), JcgȗgkĊu, 5 bjtbherga 477<, p. 0.4< Kgkd Kalru, Ma id Kadhȟ id Kbui Kadhȟ> sajuidrgzdrad jd prgian paktru ëkstrĊgkdrad ma vdibrg

 pdtrghbkgdia rbhåkaȗtg, ëk Hdldzgk egeigbiblgj, JcgȗgkĊu, 4-5, 5663, p. =4-=7.43

  П.Э.Ьжчгиж, Илел-Итйброгз Фетхл-Елмибфбифогз йлижфхяцщ ожо вжйтхиго влпг-шхигьбфолз оъпщхъця е Йлпнлеб, е Ебфхиго Фпжетифолкл Ъигебцфгхбхж, Еявъфо 47, Ог-угишъ, 5644, p. 401-43=.

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:<

Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

id radigtĊȟgia djtudia, ëk jdra susȟgka jĊ egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg asta jbhpusĊ mgk55<5 ma vbiuha, jĊrȟg rdra ȗg hdkusjrgsa ‛dmusa ma id hĊkĊstgrgia ëkjcgsa ‚ JĊ-prgdkd, Mberuȗd, Cåkju, CårebvĊȟ, gkjiusgv jaia 06 ma iujrĊrg raiglgbdsa sjrgsa ma

drcghdkmrgtui Dkmrbkgj Vbpbvgjg‘ ȗg asta jbkvgks jĊ huita mgk jĊrȟgia hĊkĊstgrggsa dstĊ ëk egeigbtajg mgk strĊgkĊtdta. Dutbrui prazgktĊ b igstĊ sujjgktĊ d jĊrȟgibr mgkegeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg47.  Uajbkstgtugrad gstbrgjĊ d egeigbtajgg hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ ku pbdta ffl aid-ebrdtĊ `ĊrĊ jbrpus-urgia ma ëksahkĊrg ma pa hdkusjrgsa ȗg jĊrȟg vajcg mgk ȞdrdHbimbvag, amgtdta ma Gbdk Jdprbȗu ȗg Aiakd Jcgdeuru, ëk jdra axgstĊ gk`brhdȟga vdrgdtĊ ȗg vdibrbdsĊ maspra jĊrȟgia ma id Kbui Kadhȟ56.  Dh dvut prgianui sĊ jarjatĊh jĊrȟgia tgpĊrgta mgk egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrggKbui Kadhȟ, mapbzgtdta ëk Drcgvd KdȟgbkdiĊ d Uapueigjgg Hbimbvd, ȗg sĊ jgtghëksahkĊrgia hdkusjrgsa, pa jdra ia-dh gkjius ëktr-uk jdtdibl ma jdrta rbhåkadsjĊ

 vajca ȗg hbmarkĊ ëk `bkmurg mgk JcgȗgkĊu54.  Gstbrgd hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ id lakardi ȗg d egeigbtajgg ëk pdrtgjuidr d `bstaidebrdtĊ ma Gbk Kalrag ȗg Hdrgd Mdkgibv, pueigjdtĊ ëk hbkuhaktdid iujrdrajbksdjrdtĊ gstbrgag hĊkĊstgrgibr ȗg sjcgturgibr mgk Uapueigjd Hbimbvd. Ëk prazaktdjadstĊ gk`brhdȟga jbkstgtuga asakȟd tuturbr gkvastgldȟggibr maspra vdibrgia egeig-bfflia mgk djadstĊ hĊkĊstgra. Dutbrgg du ëkjarjdt sĊ rajbkstgtuga ëk igkgg lakardiaigstd jĊrȟgibr hdkusjrgsa ȗg tgpĊrgta mgk egeigbtajĊ, ëksĊ ëk djast saks asta kajasd-rĊ b debrmdra `ukmdhaktdiĊ, jdra dr prazaktd ëktralui spajtru ma prbeiaha mgkgstbrgd hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ, br egeigbtajd dr traeug sĊ bjupa uk ibj prgbrgtdr

prgktra djastad55.  Qitghd jbktrgeuȟga id gstbrgd egeigbtajgg hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ dpdrȟgka H.Mdkgibv 5:, jdra debrmadzĊ suegajtui mgk parspajtgvĊ gstbrgblrdffljĊ, fflgkm dkdigzdtaȗg jbhaktdta ëk matdigu dtåt iujrĊrgia pueigjdta dktargbr, jåt ȗg uk kuhĊr hdra mambjuhakta ma drcgvĊ, ëk jdra ëktåikgh suffljgakt ma huitĊ gk`brhdȟga ra`argtbdraid egeigbtajd djastug jaktru hbkdcdi.

47 Vdvai EĊidk, JatĊȟgia sustatuiug. HĊkĊstgrg ȗg sjcgturg edsdrdeaka / a Jgtdmais b` tca sbui. Eassd-rdegdk Hbkdstargas dkm Jbkvakts, Amgturd Drj, JcgȗgkĊu, 5665, p. 4=:, 4=0.

56  ËksahkĊrg ma pa hdkusjrgsa Œg jĊrŪg vajcg mgk ťdrd Hbimbvag. Qk jbrpus amgtdt ma G. JdprbŒu Œg A.Jcgdeuru. Pbiuhui G (4=57-4<16) GdŒg, 5663, SSP + 001 p.? vbiuhui GG (4<14-4<71), GdŒg, 5663,SGP + 00< p.? vbiuhui GGG (4<70-4353), GdŒg, 5667, SSGP + <16 p.? vbi. GP (4357-4317), JdsdAmgtbrgdiĊ Mahgurl, GdŒg, 5667, SSGP+07: p.

54 Glbr Jaratau, Jdrtad rbhåkadsjĊ vajca ȗg hbmarkĊ, ëk  `bkmurg mgk JcgȗgkĊu. Jdtdibl . Ju uk stu-mgu gktrbmujtgv ma Vrb`. Mr. Gdjbe Hårzd, ]gpbHbimbvd, Gdȗg, 5644, =:6 p., gi.

55  Gbk Kalrag, Hdrgd Mdkgibv,  HĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ , ëk  HĊkĊstgrg Œg sjcgturg mgk Uapueigjd Hbimbvd> stumgg akjgjibpamgja / jbiajtgv ma dut.> Dkmrag Asdku (jbbrm.), Hgcdg Dmdula, DiaxagDldjcg _at. di.X? ram. ȗt. Dkmrag Aȗdku? jbkm. ma prbgajt Jbkstdktgk Hdkbidjca? rasp. ma am. HgcdgDmdula, Gbk Sakb`bktbv? Djdm. ma ȓtggkȟa d Hbimbvag, Gkst. ma Ztumgg Akjgjibpamgja, JcgȗgkĊu,Gkstgtutui ma Ztumgg Akjgjibpamgja, 564: (@.A.-V. ,,]gpblrdffld JaktrdiĊ‘), p. =07-161 (jbhpdrtg-

haktui maspra egeigbtajĊ id p. =74-165)5: Hdrgd Mdkgibv, Uapara ëk gstbrgblrdffld egeigbtajgg hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ . Vrbeiaha ȗg gktarpratĊrg,ëk ]yrdlatgd. Gstbrga. Huzabiblga. Zarga kbuĊ. Pbi. PGGG _SSGGGX, 564=, kr. 5, p. 4<:-435.

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UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

  Uapara gstbrgja. Ëkfflgkȟdrad hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ ëk d mbud nuhĊtdta dsajbiuiug di SGS-iad ëk axtrahgtdtad astgjĊ d rbhåkgtĊȟgg asta ju dtåt hdg egkavakgtĊju jåt bprasgukad ȟdrgstĊ pa huitgpia pidkurg dsuprd pbpuidȟgag mgk Edsdrdegd

mavgka hdg avgmaktĊ, ad fflgkm igpsgtĊ ma jaia hdg aiahaktdra mrapturg ȗg supusĊukug prbjas gktaks ma rusgffljdra. ȓtggkȟd ma jdrta ëk råkmui pbpuidȟgag rurdia kuard prbhbvdtĊ, gdr ëk djasta ëhpranurĊrg ka`dsta egsargjgia ȗg hĊkĊstgrgia, prgkprabȟg ȗg jĊiulĊrg, mavgk b sbiuȟga affljdja.

HĊkĊstgrad d `bst ëkfflgkȟdtĊ ëk d mbud nuhĊtdta d sajbiuiug di SGS-iad majĊiulĊrgg vajcgg idvra d Kadhȟuiug, jdra ëk urhd ukbr parsajuȟgg mgk pdrtad dutb-rgtĊȟgibr idgja s-du ra`ulgdt, mupĊ hdg huita paralrgkĊrg, pa hbȗggia Jcgȟjdkg ȗgJbpdkjd, ukma du rauȗgt sĊ brldkgzaza ju hdrg lrautĊȟg uk jaktru hbkdcdi, ëkjdra du pĊstrdt ju pgatdta trdmgȟggia vgaȟgg hbkdcdia pdgsgaka. Hargtui prgkjgpdiëk jradrad ȗg brldkgzdrad s`åktuiug iĊjdȗ asta dtrgeugt dmhgkgstrdtbruiug hbȗggibr

hĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ mgk Edsdrdegd ab`dk Jrgstad ȗg garbsjcghbkdcuiug Dkmrbkgj.Djastugd mgk urhĊ g sa pbdta dtrgeug ȗg hargtui ma brldkgzdtbr di egeigbtajgg Kbu-iug Kadhȟ, jdra mavgka ukd mgktra jaia hdg ebldta ȗg hdg vdibrbdsa mgk Edsdrdegd.Egeigbtajd s-d jbkstgtugt jbkjbhgtakt ju ra`ulgui jĊiulĊrgibr kahȟakg pa hbȗggiahĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ mgk Edsdrdegd, mrapt urhdra d ra`brhaibr mgk tghpui mbh-kgag iug Diaxdkmru Gbdk Juzd, jdra du dtgks ȗg gktarasaia hĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ prgksajuidrgzdrad pĊhåkturgibr ȗg kdȟgbkdigzdrad ukag euka pĊrȟg d dvargibr5=. Va uk

 Dpbstbi  (hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ, 4314) mgk egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg Zurujakg, jdrta jdrad dpdrȟgkut dktargbr hĊkĊstgrgg Jcgȟjdkg, mucbvkgjui Dkmrbkgj Vbpbvgjg sjrgd ëk

430= jĊ ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta s-du juhpĊrdt ma hgka, huit pĊjĊtbsui Dkmrbkgjgarbscghbkdc ȗg mucbvkgj mgk s`åktd hbkdstgra Kgdhȟui ëk dkui 4306, gdrĊ ëkdkui 4304, `ulgkm au mgk Hbimdvggd, mgk prgjgkd tgrĊkggibr prgkȟuiug DiaxdkmruJuzd, djuh b cbtĊrĊsj sĊ rĊhåa ëk vgdjg d sfflktag KbbdĊg Hbkdstgrg Kadhȟuiug ëkEassdrdegd ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd mgk kuhgtd jcgkbvga d prad juvgbsuiug pĊrgktaiugkbstru, stdraȟuiug Vdgsga Paigjgjbvsjcga brg prgk ja jcgp, djaid sĊ rĊhåga ka gartdtȗg supt ka eidlbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. Dkui 430=‘.

Vrghaia gk`brhdȟgg maspra egeigbtajd djastag hĊkĊstgrg mdtadzĊ mgk hbhaktuistdegigrgg pa hbȗgd Kahȟakg d prghgibr jĊiulĊrg mgk vajcad idvrĊ d Kadhȟuiug ȗg

5=  Вdебпю Ьънброgз, Илелитйброgз йлижфхяцщ е ОБЕ, 4336, ℐ 47,ф. 757-7== ȗg ℐ 56, ф.7<<-770? Дбффжцждgт. Кбbкцжэгьбфоgз, гфхлцгьбфоgз, фхжхгфхгьбфоgз, шолилйгьбфоgз,шхилкцжэгьбфоgз, пгхбцжхъцияз г фвцжельияз фдлцигою фю 55= гппыфхцжрgтйг,влцхцбхжйг г ожцхлз Дбффжцждфолз къдбциgг. Влню цбнжорgбз В.Ж.Оцъубежиж. ХгвлкцжэgтЖ.Е.Ежфгпщбеж, Йлфоеж, 476:, ф. 4<4-4<:? Udmu Ubsattg, Jbkstgjtui mgktra Luvarkui Hbimbvag ȗg HĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟuiug. Axtrds mgk Dkdiaia Djdmahgag Ubhåka. ]bh SSSGG. Hahbrggia ZajȟgukggGstbrgja, Eujuraȗtg, Gkstgtutui ma Drta Lrdfflja ‛JDUBI LÐEI‘, 4746, 40= p.? P. Vugu,  HbkdstgradKbui-Kadhȟ, ëk Gmah, Hbkdstgrgia mgk Edsdrdegd, Axtrds mgk Uavgstd ZbjgatĊȟgg gstbrgjb-drcabiblgjaegsargjaȗtg mgk JcgȗgkĊu, vbiuhui SG, ]gpblrdffld ma amgturĊ KdȟgbkdiĊ ‛Iujad`Ċrui‘, JcgȗgkĊu,

4747, p. 14-15?  HĊkĊstgrgia ȗg sjcgturgia Apdrcgag JcgȗgkĊuiug ȗg Cbtgkuiug, ëk Dkudrui ApdrcgagJcgȗgkĊuiug ȗg Cbtgkuiug (Edsdrdegd). Amgȟga bffljgdiĊ. JcgȗgkĊu. ]gpblrdffld ApdrcgdiĊ, 4755, kr. 46,p. = atj.

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Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

jdra ku dvadu suffljgakta jĊrȟg paktru sĊvårȗgrad sarvgjggibr mgvgka. Ëk dkui 4304mucbvkgjui Dkmrbkgj i-d trghgs ëk Edsdrdegd pa ujakgjui sĊu Gsgcga Mbkgjg jub vdigzĊ hdra, pigkĊ ju gjbdka ȗg jĊrȟg vajcg, gdr id 4 bjtbherga d djaiugdȗg dk

Dkmrbkgj Vbpbvgjg d trajut Vrutui jidkmastgk pa id Zjuiakg, stdegigkmu-sa paktrurastui vgaȟgg sdia ëk Edsdrdegd51. Gsgcga Mbkgjg vd jara dutbrgtĊȟgibr ȟdrgsta ëk dkui433< sĊ tradjĊ ëk Edsdrdegd ȗg s-d stdegigt ju parhgsgukad garbsjcghbkdcuiugDkmrbkgj id Kbui Kadhȟ, dmujåkm ju ai ȗg jĊrȟg egsargjaȗtg50.

Ëk dkui 4304 garbsjcghbkdcui Dkmrbkgj d dmus ma id Kadhȟ id Jcgȟjdkgjgrjd :6 ma hdkusjrgsa, dst`ai pukåkmu-sa ëkjaputurgia egeigbtajgg hĊkĊstgrggKbui Kadhȟ. Jbk`brh mbjuhaktaibr, egeigbtajd d ̀ bst jbhpiatdtĊ ju hdkusjrgsaȗg jĊrȟg vajcg mgk mbkdȟggia `Ċjuta ma akbrgdȗg. Vrgktra djaȗtgd pbt ffl kbhgkdigzdȟgJbkstdktgk Ebtazdtu ju `dhgigd sd, jdra du mĊrugt ëk 43<7 46 jĊrȟg ma Pgaȟgia Zfflk-ȟgibr , uk Jadsibv , b Vsditgra ȗg b Egeiga, tbdta ëk ighed rbhåkĊ. Asta jukbsjut jĊ ëk

djaidȗg dk lgkaraia iug Jbkstdktgk Ebtazdtu, Ldvrggi Jdtdjdzg, mĊrugd hĊkĊstgrggKbui Kadhȟ uk axahpidr ma Diaxdkmru Zturzd, ËkvĊȟĊturg raiglgbdsa (Gdȗg, 43==),tbdta ëk ighed rbhåkĊ. Va uitghd jdrta Dkmrbkgj d sjrgs jĊ> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrtadu `bst d iug Jbkstdktgk Ebtazdtu ȗg ëk dkui 43<7, prgk lgkargia sĊu Ldvrggi Jdtd-jdzg s-du mĊrugt djastag sfflktag KbbĊg Hbkdstgrg Kadhȟuiug, spra d ibr vadjgkgjĊpbhakgra‘5<

  Hgcdgi OblĊikgjadku, jdra d mĊrugt ëk 433= trag axahpidra ma Iatbpgsaȟui ȞĊrgg Hbimbvag53. AxgstĊ suffljgakt ma huita hĊrturgg sjrgsa maspra jbhpiatdrad egeigbta-jgg ma id Kbui Kadhȟ ju jĊrȟg raiglgbdsa. Jad hdg vajca jdrta rbhåkadsjĊ tgpĊrgtĊ

sahkdidtĊ ëk prbjasui jarjatĊrgg asta Vrdvgid ma id Lbvbrd (40=6), jdra ëkdgkta mad dnukla id hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ s-d dstdt ëk egsargjd ju crdhui Z`åktui Kgjbida mgkEdjĊu. Ëk dkui 430= Vrdvgid d ̀ bst dmusĊ prgk hgnibjgrad garbhbkdcuiug Dkmrbkgjid hĊkĊstgrad ëkfflgkȟdtĊ pa hbȗgd Jcgȟjdkg. B Avdklcaiga (Eujuraȗtg, 4<16), jdraid 5= dprgiga 4<<< d `bst juhpĊrdtĊ ma prabtui Dkmrag ȗg prabtadsd Giadkd paktruegsargjd mgk sdtui Uamgui Hdra, d dnuks id Kbui Kadhȟ. Qk axahpidr ma ZghgbkDrcgapgsjbpui asdibkgjuiug, PbrbdvĊ ma ëktraeĊrg ȗg rĊspuksurg ëktru Crgstbs (Eujuraȗtg, 4<01) dpdrȟgkad id 51 hdrtga 43== prabtuiug sdtuiug Drgbkaȗtg Zgha-bdk Gvdkbv Jbidj, jdrta jdra d `bst jgtgtĊ id 4< gukga 431< ma pĊiĊhdrui jdtamrdiag

mgk EĊiȟg Mgbhgm Gvdkbv. Id 57 gukga 4317, tgpĊrgturd dpdrȟgkad garbmgdjbkuiugGigbmbr ma id tgpblrdffld mucbvkgjadsjĊ mgk JcgȗgkĊu, gdr ëk 4301 d `bst juhpĊrdtĊma aluhakui hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ ab`dk Jrgstad. Ëk dkui 43<6 ëk egeigbtajdhĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ d `bst mĊrugt uk axahpidr ma Dpbiblcgd (hĊkĊstgrad Ka-dhȟ, 4340) ȗg jdra ëk prazakt sa dstĊ id hĊkĊstgrad ^ibȟg. Qk Bjtbgc (hĊkĊstgradKadhȟ, 43:0) d ̀ bst juhpĊrdt ma hbkdcui Hgrbk, jdra sa dstd id Kadhȟ, ju praȟuitrag ldieakg id :6 kbgaherga 4313, pa jdra i-d våkmut ëk djaidȗg dk, fflgkm mand id Kbui

51 Къцгб, Жцсгйжинцгх, bp. jgt., p. 13, 06.

50

  Vdui Hgcdgi, Ëk`ĊȟgȗĊrg ma vgdȟĊ juiturdiĊ rbhåkadsjĊ, p. 10.5<  Jdrtad sa dstĊ ëk Egeigbtajd Djdmahgag ma ȓtggkȟa id jbtd H J-33 j/r.53  P. Bvjgkgjbvd-Vaigk, bp. jgt., p. 4<.

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UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

Kadhȟ, ukug prbprgatdr kajukbsjut ju praȟui 43 rueia ëk drlgkt.  Hgkagaia pa 45iukg (hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ, 43=1-43=<) du `bst dmusa prgk hgnibjgrad garbsjcghb-kdcuiug Dkmrbkgj id Jcgȟjdkg ëk dkui 430=, uk dit jbhpiat dpdrȟgkad aluhakuiug

ab`dk Jrgstad, gdr di tragiad ukug hbkdc ]abmbsga. Dvåkm hdg huita saturg madsahakad hgkaga, id 56 gukga 4374, 45 jĊrȟg du `bst våkmuta hĊkĊstgrgg Cgrbvdid praȟui ma 416 ma rueia. HĊrturgsgrad brtbmbxĊ d iug Vatru HbvgiĊ (hĊkĊstgradKadhȟ, 430=) d `bst dmusĊ id Kbui Kadhȟ ëk dkui 43<5, gdr Vrbcbmui Mbhkuiug (Eujuraȗtg, 43<:) ëk dkui 4333. Qk axahpidr ma Gbdk Mdhdsjcgk, Masjbpargrad

 prdvbsidvkgjgg jramgkȟa (Gdȗg, 4360) d `bst mĊrugtĊ ma hbkdcgg Lrglbrga ȗg Lcarbk-tga, bstakgtbrg id tgpĊrgrad jĊrȟgg, ukug hbkdc Pgsdrgbk jdra sa stdegiaȗta id KbuiKadhȟ.  Du jbktgkudt prabjupĊrgia paktru brldkgzdrad vgaȟgg hbkdcdia jbk`brhjaiag ma id Kadhȟ. Vrgk jbktrgeuȟgd mucbvkgjuiug Dkmrbkgj du `bst trdkspbrtdta

kuharbdsa hdkusjrgsa ȗg jĊrȟg vajcg, ukaia `bdrta vdibrbdsa, mdtåkm mgk sajbiuiSGP. Mgk ëksahkĊrgia ma pa jĊrȟgia vajcg razuitĊ jĊ jaia hdg huita du ̀ bst dmusa idKbui Kadhȟ ëk dkui 430=. Ëk djadstĊ pargbdmĊ hĊkĊstgrad ku mgspukad ma uk sa-mgu paktru egeigbtajĊ, gdr jĊrȟgia sa pdra ardu pĊstrdta ëk jcgiggia jĊiulĊrgibr. Degdid 46 dulust 43<7 d `bst ëkdgktdtĊ jararad mgk pdrtad jbhukgtĊȟgg hbkdcdia drcg-apgsjbpuiug Vdvai paktru d gktarvakg fflkdkjgdr id jbkstrugrad ldrmuiug, sgstahuiugma jdkdigzdra, jibpbtkgȟag ȗg d samguiug egeigbtajgg57. JiĊmgrad paktru egeigbtajĊ dmavakgt `ukjȟgbkdiĊ degd ëk dkui 4331, fflgkm jbkstrugtĊ mupĊ prbgajtui drcgtaj-tuiug H. Zarbtzgksog:6. Ëk dkui 4375 du `bst tarhgkdta iujrĊrgia ma jbkstrujȟga d

hdldzgkuiug ma jĊrȟg ȗg gjbdka:4.Z-du ghpigjdt ëk jbhpiatdrad egeigbtajgg hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ ju igtardturĊ

egsargjadsjĊ ȗg idgjĊ mg`argta parsbkdigtĊȟg hdrjdkta dia spgrgtudigtĊȟgg jraȗtgka mgkHbimbvd, jd drcghdkmrgtui Jbkbk DrĊhasju-Mbkgjg, jdra mavgka hdg tårzguHgtrbpbigt di ȞĊrgg Ubhåkaȗtg ȗg Gbsg` Kdkgasju Hgtrbpbigt di Hbimbvag, dhåkmbgju ialĊturg ma såkla  ëk Edsdrdegd. Drcghdkmrgtui Jbkbk DrĊhasju-Mbkgjg ddvut prgianui sĊ vgzgtaza Ogavui ȗg Hbsjbvd, gdr ëk mruhui sĊu d `Ċjut pbpds ȗgid ukaia ibjurg ju trdmgȟga jraȗtgkadsjĊ mgk pdrtad ma sum d Edsdrdegag, vgzgtåkmdst`ai ȗg hĊkĊstgrad Jcgȟjdkg. Z-d ëktåikgt ju stdraȟui Dkmrbkgj, jdra i-d prghgt

ju dhdegigtdta, g-d jarut sĊ-g `djĊ rbst ma hdg huita jĊrȟg egsargjaȗtg ȗg g-d `djgigtdttrajarad cbtdruiug ma pa Vrut. Ëkdgkta ma piajdra d vgzgtdt ȗg JcgȗgkĊui, ukma s-dëktåikgt ju Vradsfflkȟgtui Zarlcga Drcgapgsjbpui Edsdrdegag ȗg d juhpĊrdt mgkmulcadkd drcgapgsjbpgag hdg huita jĊrȟg rbhåkaȗtg tgpĊrgta id JcgȗgkĊu. Dnuks idGdȗg djastd d `Ċjut rbst ma hdg huita jĊrȟg pa jdra ia-d sbigjgtdt stdraȟui Dkmrbkgj>Ëkmraptdrad ialgg  _]årlbvgȗta, 4015X, Egeigd  _Eidn, 4<71X, Jdrtad Z`. Zghgbk]asdibkgjadkui   _Eujuraȗtg, 4<01X, Kbui ]astdhakt   _hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ, 4343X,Jdrtad kavĊzut rĊzebgu  _hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ, 4350X,  Dpdktcgshd  _hĊkĊstgrad

57

  Gegmah, p. 444.:6 Gbk Kalrag, Hdrgd Mdkgibv, bp. jgt ., p. =75? П.Э.Ьжчгиж, bp. jgt., p. 4<7.:4  Къцгб, Жцсгйжинцгх, bp. jgt ., p. 45:.

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Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

Kadhȟ, 435<X, Vdvajarkgjui sdu Bjtbgcui jdkbdkaibr Vdvajarkgȟag  _hĊkĊstgradKadhȟ, 4340X. Djasta ȗdpta jĊrȟg du `bst axpamgdta mgk Gdȗg id 3 saptaherga 4333,gdr mupĊ 4< dulust 4337 d hdg trghgs jåtavd jĊrȟg mĊrugta ma ai> Egsargjadsjd

gstbrga d iug Haiatga Dtgkadkui _Gdȗg, 43=4-43=:, ëk = vbiuhaX, Kbtgȟa gstbrgja ȗgdrcabiblgja, dmukdta ma pa id =3 ma hĊkĊstgrg mgk Hbimbvd  _Gdȗg, 43=3X, b Jdrtama rulĊjgukg, tgpĊrgtĊ id Gdȗg ma Vrbfflrd Gstrdtg. ËhpraukĊ ju djastad du hdg `bsttrghgsa trag jĊrȟg mĊrugta ma Hgtrbpbigtui Gbsg` Kdkgasju> ]abiblgd iug Mdhdsjcgk ȗg mbuĊ Hbigtvakgja, ukui ma id Gdȗg ȗg ditui ma id Eujuraȗtg. Drcghdkmrgtui JbkbkDrĊhasju-Mbkgjg d hdg juhpĊrdt ma id Hgtrbpbigtui Gbsg` Kdkgasju ëkjĊ 41 jĊrȟg,gdr ditaia 56 axahpidra du `bst mĊrugta ma gardrcui Hbimbvag:5. AxgstĊ ëksĊ ȗg ditahĊrturgg sjrgsa jbk`brh jĊrbrd drcghdkmrgtui Obkbk d jbktgkudt sĊ mĊrugdsjĊjĊrȟg hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ. Va uk axahpidr ma DrĊtdra pa sjurt d muhkazaaȗtgibrmblha dia jramgkȟag (hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ, 4340) djastd d sjrgs id 5 `aerudrga 4376

urhĊtbdraia> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta mĊrugtĊ Egeigbtajgg sfflktag Hbkdstgrg KbuiKadhȟ mgk Easdrdegd, dkuha ma jĊtra Drcghdkmrgtui Vrb`asbr ma ]abiblga ȗgVramgjdtbru d Zfflktag Hgtrbpbigg Hbimbvag /Gdȗgg/ Mbjtbrui Obkbk DrdhasjuiMbkgjg / mgk Z`. Hgtrbpbiga Gdȗg/ ȗg kghĊkug ku ig astg artdt jd sĊ b ëkstrĊgkazĊma id djast s`åkt ȗg muhkazĊasju ibjdȗu brg prgk ja jcgp dr ffl supt di hdg ka artdtjdkbk egsĊrgjasju. Dhgku. Gdȗg. 5 `avrudrga, dkui 4376. Mr. drcghdkmrgt ObkbkDrdhasju Mbkgjg prb`asbr‘.  Hgtrbpbigtui Gbsg` Kdkgasju d `bst prabjupdt ëk jai hdg sargbs hbm ma jbh-piatdrad egeigbtajgg hĊkĊstgrgg mgk Jcgȟjdkg ju igtardturĊ raiglgbdsĊ. Ëk dkui 4337

ai d mĊrugt :6 ma jĊrȟg tgpĊrgta paktru egeigbtajd Kbuiug Kadhȟ, mgktra jdra> ]ab-iblgd iug Gbdk Mdhdsjcgk , Gstbrgd Egsargjgg d iug Haiatga Hgtrbpbigtui Dtakag , Gstb-rgd Hgtrbpbigag Hbimbvag, Hbigtvakgja, Mgmdcggia iug Giga Hgkgdt , Jcgrgdjbmrbhgbk,Jdtacgzgs, Igturlcgar , jdiakmdra atj::.  Mgk ëksahkĊrgia hdkusjrgsa razuitĊ jĊ jaia hdg huita jĊrȟg du `bst dmusa idhĊkĊstgra ëk dkgg 4304, 430=, 4303, 43<6, 43<5, 433<, 4333, 4337, 4376. Djaȗtg dkgfflluradzĊ id s`årȗgtui ëksahkĊrgibr sjrgsa ma djaia parsbdka jdra ia-du juhpĊrdtsdu ia-du mĊrugt s`åktuiug iĊjdȗ.  Va pdrjursui axgstakȟag sdia hĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ d dmukdt prgk jĊiulĊrg

b egeigbtajĊ ebldtĊ, jdra ëk pargbdmd gktareaigjĊ ard jbksgmardtĊ pa eukĊ mraptdtajd fflgkm jad hdg vdibrbdsĊ mgktra tbdta egeigbtajgia hĊkĊstgraȗtg. @ggkm jbkȗtgakȟgma vdibdrad djastagd, dutbrgtĊȟgia rbhåkaȗtg du ëkjarjdt trdkspbrtdrad ag id Djdma-hgd UbhåkĊ mgk Eujuraȗtg, ëksĊ mdtbrgtĊ razgstakȟag aluhakuiug ȗg d jĊiulĊrgibregeigbtajd d rĊhds gktdjtĊ. MupĊ ëkjcgmarad ag ma jĊtra dutbrgtĊȟgia sbvgatgja ëkdkui 4705 egeigbtajd d `bst gkvaktdrgdtĊ, gdr jĊrȟgia mapbzgtdta ëk `bkmurgia Drcg- vag Kdȟgbkdia d Uapueigjgg Hbimbvd, gdr jarjatdrad ag vd prgianug masjbpargrad dkuharbdsa gk`brhdȟgg gkamgta maspra spgrgtudigtdtad jraȗtgkĊ mgk ëktralui spdȟgurbhåkasj.

:5 Vdui Hgcdgi, IalĊturg jĊrturĊraȗtg…, p. =-44::  Gegmah, p. :.

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UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

  JĊrȟg ëkstrĊgkdta. HĊkĊstgrad Jcgȟjdkg d ̀ bst ëkjcgsĊ ëk dkui 4705. Jbk`brhukbr gpbtaza dgjg s-dr ffl mapbzgtdt jĊrȟgia jbkfflsjdta ma id hĊkĊstgrgia ëkjcgsadktargbr djastug dk, ëksĊ maspra sbdrtd ibr ku sa jukbdȗta kghgj. Za prasupuka

mbdr jĊ du `bst trghgsa ëk mg`argta egeigbtajg ȗg huzaa mgk @amardȟgd UusĊ, ditaia sadstĊ ëk prazakt ëk ̀ bkmurgia ma jĊrȟg sdu huzaa mgk JcgȗgkĊu. JĊrȟgia mgk egeigbtajdKbui Kadhȟ du `bst gkvaktdrgdta ȗg mapbzgtdta ëk Drcgvd KdȟgbkdiĊ d UapueigjggHbimbvd. Ju tbdta djastad ukaia mgktra aia ia-dh ëktåikgt ȗg ëk egeigbtajgia ditbrhĊkĊstgrg mgk Edsdrdegd, ju ëksahkĊrg sjrgsa ma garbsjcghbkdcui Dkmrbkgj,ma aluhakui hĊkĊstgrgg ab`dk Jrgstad sdu ma dita parsbdka jdra ia-du mĊrugthĊkĊstgrgg. Hdg nbs prazaktĊh saiajtgv ukaia tgpĊrgturg ju ëksahkĊrg hdkusjrgsajdra prbeadzĊ dfflrhdȟggia dktargbdra:=.

Vrdvgid jad hgjĊ, HĊkĊstgrad Lbvbrd, 40=6  ËksahkĊrg. @. 4-45> ‛9DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d; sfflktag KbbdĊg Hbkdstgrg

9Kadhȟuiug ȗg jgka vd ëkmrĊzkg ; d b ëkstragkd brg prgk ja 9jcgp, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ;rĊhåga supt ka artdt 9jdkbk ȗg ka eidlbsibvak;gd Vrad jurdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhka-zau ȗg d Vrad `argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga. 430=‘.  @. 45 v -17> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ Vrdvgi(Ċ) astg d ha ȗg jarȗgkm-b Gbk ja ȗdm(a) idPdia Idj, jdra du `Ċjut b s`(å)ktĊ jds(Ċ) iug MuhkazĊu dgja ëk tårlu EdjĊu, ukmasĊ prĊzkugaȗta crdhu(i) Z`åktuiug Kgjuidg, ȗg dvåkm uk lgkara, i-du prauȟgt ȗg i-dudȗazdt dgja id EdjĊu id egs(a)rgj(d) ja kbd, ȗg fflgkm pra tåkĊru h-du pbctat prabtuiGbk ja s-du drĊtdt hdg ëkdgktg jd s(Ċ) mdu djadstĊ Vrdvgi(Ċ) jd s(Ċ) sĊ ëkvaȟ(a) mgk-tråksd lgkar(a)ia hbigtvaig, dmaj(Ċ) prabtui Lcabrlca, ȗg b dh mdt jd s(Ċ) b ȟgg pĊk

=6 ma zgia jd sĊ ëkvaȟ(a) maktråksd. ȓg ëhpiakgkmu-s(Ċ) djaig =6 ma zgia gdrĊȗg sĊhg-b dmuj(Ċ), sĊ ha-b ma, jĊjg au k-dh mdt-b mg tbt, ja kuhdg jd s(Ċ) sĊ ëkvaȟ(a)ëktrdjai(a) =6 ma zgi(a). Majg paktru jd s(Ċ) ku s(Ċ) ugta sdu jd s(Ċ) ku sĊ rĊsdg id vrab håkĊ strĊgkĊ dh sjrgs sgklur, au ju håkd ha ȗg dh gsjĊigt …tds pbst(aikgj)‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr. Drcgvd KdȟgbkdiĊ d Uapueigjgg Hbimbvd, @bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0,mbsdr <<<.  5.Zghabk Drcgapgsjbpui ]asdibkgjuiug, PbrbdvĊ ma ëktraeĊrg Œg rĊspuk-surg ëktru Crgstbs, EujuraŒtg, ]gpblrdffld Hgtrbpbigag, 4<01  ËksahkĊrg> V. 4-5<> ‛Vra djadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta b du juhpĊrdt pradjuvgbȗggdsd pĊrgktaia kbstru gluhakui ab`dk paktru `bibsui beȗtangtgag prad`argjgtuiugpĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiug Vdgsga. ȓg jgka b vd ëkstragkd, brg ëk ja jcgp mgktrudjadstĊ s`åktĊ KbbdĊ Hbkdstgra KgdhŪui djaid sĊ rĊhåga ëk vadjg supt kagartdtjdkbk ȗg kaeidlbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 4301‘.  V. 4-55<> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrtg ja sĊ kuhaȗtg adsdibkgj astg d iug, d mdsjd-iuiug Zghabk Gvdkbv Jbidj, jdra du siungt id egsargjd ju crdhui Z`åktuiug GardrcKajuidg mgk sdtui Drgbkaȗtgg. ȓg jgka sĊ vd gspgtg jd sĊ b `urg sĊ ku g-dnuta Muh-kazĊu. Brg ma b vd ȗg `urd prbjiaŪgt ȗg d`urgsgt sĊ fflg ma MuhkazĊu ȗg ma Hdgjd

:=  Pazg hdg huitĊ gk`brhdȟga maspra tgpĊrgturgia prbvakgta ma id hĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ ëk jdtdib-

lui pueigjdt ëk 5644 (Glbr Jaratau, Jdrtad rbhåkadsjĊ vajca ȗg hbmarkĊ, ëk `bkmurg mgk Jcgȗg-kĊu. Jdtdibl, Ju uk stumgu gktrbmujtgv ma Vrb`. Mr. Gdjbe Hårzd, ]gpbHbimbvd, Gdȗg, 5644, =:6p., gi.).

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=:

Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

Vrajgstd, ȗg ma Z`åktui Gbdk EbtazĊtbrgui, ȗg ma ZfflkŪgg Dpbstbig. EiĊstĊhdt sĊ fflg ȗgma Z`åktui Kajuidg, id jdra iĊjdȗ dh siungt, ȗg ma tbŪg hujakgjgg, ȗg ma tbŪg juvgbȗgg,ȗg ma tbŪg drcgaragg, ȗg ma tbŪg sfflkŪgg. EiĊstĊhdt sĊ ffla ȗg ma hgka pĊjĊtbsui. ȓg sĊhgdrlĊ ëk `bjui kastgks ȗg ëk tdrtdrui jai hdg ma masupt, ȗg sĊ iĊjugdsjĊ ëk eurmaguimrdjuiug ȗg sĊ (ffla) eiĊstahdt ȗg d`urgsgt ma tbŪg sfflkŪgg pdtrgdrȗg, ȗg ma hdg hdrggbȗtgibr ZfflkŪgg ëklgrg Ldvrggi ȗg Hgcdgi. ȓg sĊ fflg eiĊstĊhdt tbt kgdhui iug. ȓg djuh ȗgpururad ȗg ëk vajgg vajgibr. Dhgk‘.  V. 451> G ‛ZĊ sĊ ȗtga jĊ id dkui 43:3 id 44 ëkspra 45 lcakdrgg s-du jutrahurdtpĊhåktui id 1 jgdsurg ȗg 5 hgkuturg. Dh sjrgs prabtui Lrglbrg Gdjbviav Iavbvsjcgg‘.  GG ‛Фgы фетхбgуъы оигкъ ънлфхлгпфт т цждю Длагз вцльгхжхщ.Дбпщролз Флдлцилз рбцоег влилйжцщ Нgлйgню Гежилею. 431< клнж, gыит 4<нит‘ 9DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta dh jgtgt-b au rbeui iug Muhkazau pĊiĊhdrui Jdta-mrdiag mgk EĊiŪg Mgbhgm Gvdkbv;.

  V. 5<:-:==> ‛Djast asdibkgj asta d mdsjdiuiug Zghabdk Gbdkbv Jbidj mgksdtui DrgbkaŒtgg, egsĊrgjd ju crdhui Z`åktuiug Gardrc Kgjbidg. Dkui 43==, hdrtgg51 zgia. śg jgkg s-dr tåhpid sĊ-i ̀ urg sĊ fflg eiĊstĊhdt mg sfflkŪgg pĊrgkŪg Œg ma hdg hdrggjataibr jaraŒtg, Œg ma Zghabdk Drcgapgsjbpui asdibkgjuiug, Œg mg hgkg rbeui iugMuhkazĊu Gbdk. ZĊ fflg eiĊstĊhdt Œg d`urgsgt, Œg sĊ hgdrlĊ id uk ibj ju tbt kgdhuiiug ëktru vajg katrajuŪg Œg kas`årŒgŪg‘.  Va b `bdga dieĊ ma id s`årŒgtui jĊrŪgg> ‛Djast asdibkgj astg d garbmgdjbkuiugGigbmbr mg id mucbvkgjadsjd tgpblrdffla d Easdrdegag, jdrg sĊ dstĊ ëk brdŒui JcgŒgkĊu.Dkui 4317, gukga 57‘.

  MaȟgkĊtbr> Huzaui Kdȟgbkdi ma Atkblrdffla ȗg Gstbrga KdturdiĊ, jbtd 515=0.  :.Dpbiblcgd, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4340  ËksahkĊrg> V. 4-1> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d sfflktag KbbdĊg HbkdstgrgKgdhȟui ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd, sĊ ffla ka artdt ma Muhkazau ȗg ma prad jurdtĊ hdg-jd iug. 43<6‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> HĊkĊstgrad ^ibȟg.  =.Kgjbmgh, ma id Dtbs, Vaktru pĊzgrad jaibr jgkjg sghȟgrg, ]gpblrdffldHĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4350  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-7> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d djastag sfflktag KbdĊg Hbkds-tgrg KadhŪuiug ȗg jgka vd ëkmrĊzkg prgk brg ȗg ja `adigu ma jcgp d b ëkstragkd mgktrudjadstĊ jcgkbvga djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt ka gartdt jdkbk ȗg ka eidlbsibvakgaVradjurdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhkazau ȗg d prad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiugVdgsga‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> HĊkĊstgrad PĊrzĊraȗtg.  1.Ziuned paktru vgjtbrgd ëhpbtrgvd Œvazgibr, JcgŒgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld Mucbv-kgjadsjĊ, 4350  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-46> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d djastag sfflktag KbbdĊg Hb-kdstgrg KadhŪuiug ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd brg prgk ja `adigu ma jcgp mgktru djadstĊjcgkbvga, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt kagartdt jdkbk ȗg kaeidlbsibvakggd Vradju-

rdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhkazau ȗg d prad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiug Vdgsga.430=‘.

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UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr 746.0.Jdrta ma rulĊjguka paktru s`åktd Avfflhgd Œg prastĊvgrad ̀ argjgtag Bild,

JcgŒgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld MucbvkgjadsjĊ, 43:1  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-7> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d djastag sfflktag KbbdĊg Hbkds-tgrg KadhŪuiug ȗg jgka vd ëkmrĊzkg prgk brg ȗg ja `adigu ma jcgp d b ëkstragkd mgktrudjadstĊ jcgkbvga djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt ka gartdt jdkbk ȗg ka eidlbsibvakgaVradjurdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhkazau ȗg d prad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiugVdgsga‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr <<7.  <.Bjtbgc, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43:0  ËksahkĊrg> Va b `bdga dieĊ ma id s`årȗgtui jĊrŪgg> ‛9Dkui; 4313. Djast Bjtbgcs-du juhpĊrdt mg id Hgrbk hbkdc mg id Kbui KadhŪ ju praŪg 43, dmg(jĊ) bptspra-zĊjg rueig drlgkt, ëk fflgkŪd pbpbrĊkgibr dg sdt(uiug)…‘.

  @. 4-3> ‛Djast Bjtbgc asta mrapt di hau, juhpĊrdt ju praŪg ma trgg ldiegkg.Dkui 4313, kbgahvrga :6. Hgrbk hbkdc‘.  Va b `bdga dieĊ id s`årȗgtui jĊrŪgg> ‛Z-du sfflkŪgt pbtgrgu 55 gukga 4375 ‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> Egeigbtajd KdȟgbkdiĊ d Uapueigjgg Hbimbvd, jbtd ==:71.  3.Агхgб лхрж ижубкл фхжцрж Вжгфгт, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ,43:0 (ëk sidvbkĊ)  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-4=> ‛Jгт оигкж вцгижнпбагхю огилжеггвцбдпжабибзужкл Лхрж ижубкл фхжцрж Вжгфгт Ебпгьолефолкл, ъьцбанби-илб ел фетхлйю Илел-Итйброгйю Йлижфхяцб г охл бб ъфхцжигхщ фю фбкл

лдчбфхеж хл дя ожогйю дя хл ибдяпл егнлйщ хлх нж ибдънбхю дпжклфплебищел ебож Вцгфетхяз Длклцлнгрбз г лхрбй ижугйщ фхжцрбй Вжгфгйщ. 43<3клнж‘ 9DjadstĊ jdrta asta d jcgkbvgag pradhgibstgvuiug VĊrgktaiug kbstru, stdraȟu-iug Vdgsga Paigjgjbvsjcg, dȗazdtĊ ëk s`åktd HĊkĊstgra Kbui Kadhȟ ȗg jgka b vd ëk-strĊgkd mgk djadstĊ jcgkbvga ëk ja ̀ ai ma jcgp, sĊ ku ffla eidlbsibvgt ëk vajg ma Z`åktdKĊsjĊtbdra ma Muhkazau ȗg ma VĊrgktaia kbstru, stdraȟui Vdgsga. Dkui 43<3;.  MaȟgkĊtbr> HĊkĊstgrad CårebvĊȟ.  7.Jdrta ma rulĊjguka paktru egrugkŪd dsuprd jrdguiug Œvazgibr, JcgŒgkĊu,]gpblrdffld MucbvkgjadsjĊ, 43:3  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-46> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d djastag sfflktag KbbdĊg Hb-kdstgrg KadhŪuiug ȗg jgka vd ëkmrĊzkg prgk brg ȗg ja `adigu ma jcgp d b ëkstragkdmgktru djadstĊ jcgkbvga djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt ka- gartdt jdkbk ȗg ka eid-lbsibvakga Vradjurdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhkazau ȗg d prad`argjgtuiug VĊrgktaiug kbstrustdraŪuiug Vdgsga‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr <<7.  46.Ziuned sfflkŪgibr hujakgjg JcgrgjĊ Œg Guigttd, JcgŒgkĊu, ]gpblrdffldMucbvkgjadsjĊ, 43=6  ËksahkĊrg> Va b `bdga dieĊ id ëkjaputui jĊrŪgg> ‛HĊrghu-ta pra tgka Zfflktaëktbjhd ju Dpbstbigg hdra jkadzuia Pidmghgra ȗg jgkstgh s`åktd pbhakgrad td, jd

tu pra Gmbiu dg jĊijdt ȗg tbt pĊhåktui Ubssgag ju Z`åktui Ebtaz i-dg iuhgkdt ȗg jĊtrĊC(rgstb)s i-dg dmus‘.

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=1

Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

  @. 4-46> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d djastag sfflktag KbbdĊg Hbkdstgrg Kadh-Ūuiug ȗg jgka vd ëkmrĊzkg prgk brg ȗg ja `aigu ma jcgp d b ëkstragkd mgktru djadstĊjcgkbvga, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt kaartdt jdkbk ȗg kaeidlbsibvakggd Vradju-

rdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhkazau ȗg d prad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiug Vdgsga‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr 760.  44.Hgkag pa iukd saptaherga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=1  Dra jbtbrui mgk pgaia ju ghdlgkg stbrdia, dpigjdta prgk prasdra? ëk pdrtad ma nbs ghprghdt ‛]БЛЭЖИ GБЦЛЙЛИЖСЮ‘.

ËksahkĊrg> V. 0> ‛Dh vgzgtdt s`åktd hĊkĊstgra dzg ëk 4 saptaherga 47:5. Vd-trgjcga UĊhkadktu, Vraȗamgktaia jbrpuiug mgmdjtgj mgk Edkdt (]ghgȗbdrd)‘.  @.4-1> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d djastag sfflktag KbbdĊg Hbkdstgrg Kadh-Ūuiug ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd brg prgk ja `aigu ma jcgp mgktru djadstĊ jcgkbvga dVrad`argjgtuiug VĊrgktaiug Kbstru stdraŪuiug Vdgsga Paigjgjbvsjcga, sĊ rĊhåga supt

kaartdt jdkbk ȗg kaeidlbsibvakga Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d VĊrgktaiug Kbstru. 433:,majcahvrga‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :==.  45.Hgkag pa iukd saptaherga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=1  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :=1.  4:.Hgkag pa iukd kbgaherga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=1  ËksahkĊrg> @._4X ‚ 4 v > ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta du rĊhds ma id garbsjcghbkdcuiDktgh, jdraia id 47 gdkudrga 4334 s-du hutdt jĊtrĊ Mbhkui ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd,brg prgk ja jcgp ma id djadstĊ s`åktĊ kbbd Hbkdstgra KadhŪui, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ

rĊhåga supt kaartdt jdkbk ȗg eidlbsibvakggd Vradjurdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhkazau ȗgd Vrad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiug Vdgsga‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :=:.  4=.Hgkag pa iukd kbgaherga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=1  ËksahkĊrg> Va b `bdga dieĊ id s`årȗgtui jĊrŪgg> ‛Uapdrdt id :6 kbgaherga 47=1dkui ma hbkdcgd Parsdvggd‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :=7.  41.Uåkmugdid cgrbtbkgag drcgaraŒtg, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=1  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-46> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d beȗtangtgag prad`argjgtuiug pĊ-

rgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiug Vdgsga, ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd brg ëk ja jcgp mgktru djadstĊs`åktĊ KbbdĊ Hbkdstgra KgdhŪui, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåa supt kagartdt jdkbk ȗgkaeidlbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 430=. Dkmrbkgj m(u)c(b)vk(g)j‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr 745.  40.Hgkag pa iukd kbgaherga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 43=0  ËksahkĊrg> Va b `bdga jurdtĊ id ëkjaputui jĊrȟgg> ‛Dku 4374, gukgg 56 zgig,s-b juhpĊrdt 45 jĊrȟg hgkgg mgk hĊkĊstgrad Kahȟuiug Kbu ju edkg b sutĊ jgk(jg)zĊjg rueig ju nĊrtvgrad mg id tbt sbebru H. Cgrbvg d hdgjgibr ȗg d surbrgibr ȗ(g) ju

d hdgjg(g) gluhakgg Av`rbsgkgg, fflgkm ëk zĊig sfflkȟgg sdia. Kdstbgdikgȟd Cgrbvsjdlbhbkdstårad gluhakgd Av`rbsgkggd‘.

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UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

  MaȟgkĊtbr> HĊkĊstgrad Cgrbvd.4<.Hgkag pa iukd gukga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=0

  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-1> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta dg djastag sfflktag KbbdĊg Hbkds-

tgrg KadhŪuiug ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd brg prgk ja `aigu jcgp mgktru djadstĊ jckbvgad Vrad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiug Vdgsga Paigjgjbvsjcga, sĊ rĊhåga suptkaartdt jdkbk ȗg kaeidlbsibvakga Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 433:,majcahvrga 5:‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :10.  43.Hgkag pa iukd gukga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=0  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :11.  47.Hgkag pa iukd guiga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=<  ËksahkĊrg> @.4-<> ‛Vra djadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta b cbtĊrĊsj au, huitpĊjĊtbsui ga-rbhbkdc Dkmrbkgj, jd sĊ ffla ëk vadjg d beȗtangtgag Vrad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbs-

tru stdraŪuiug Vdgsga ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd brg ëk ja jcgp mgktru djadstĊ s`åktĊKbbĊ Hbkdstgra KadhŪuiug djaid sĊ rĊhåga ëk vadjg supt kaartdt jdkbk ȗg kaeid-lbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 430=‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :1=.  56.Hgkag pa iukd guiga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=<  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :1:.  54.Hgkag pa iukd dulust, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=<  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-<> ‛Vra djadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta b cbtĊrĊsj au, huitpĊjĊtbsui ga-rbhbkdc Dkmrbkgj jd sĊ ffla ëk vadjg d beȗtangtgag Vrad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru

stdraŪuiug Vdgsga ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd brg ëk ja jcgp mgktru djadstĊ s`åktĊ KbbĊHbkdstgra KadhŪuiug djaid sĊ rĊhåga ëk vadjg supt kaartdt jdkbk ȗg kaeidlbsib- vakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 430=‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :1=.  55.Hgkag pa iukd dulust, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=<  Va prghd jbpartĊ jcakdr igkgdr, ghprghau ju sahkui jrujgg. Ëk pdrtad ma nbsd jrujgg ‛ЙЛИЖСЮ ХБЛНЛФGЗ‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :14.  5:.Hgkag pa iukd dulust, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 43=<

  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr :15.  5=.Ziuned sfflkŪgrgg egsargjgg, EuzĊu, ]gpblrdffld Apgsjbpgag, 431:  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4> ‛Pakggdhgk garbm(gdjbk)‘.  V. 4 ‚ 4<> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d djastag sfflktag KbbdĊg Hbkdstgrg Kadh-Ūuiug ȗg jgka vd ëkmrĊzkg prgk brg ȗg ja `aigu ma jcgp d b ëkstragkd mgktru djadstĊjcgkbvga, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt kagartdt jdkbk ȗg kaeidlbsibvakggd pradju-rdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhkazau ȗg d prad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiug Vdgsga‘.MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr 763.  51.Ziuned sfflkŪgrgg egsargjgg, EuzĊu, ]gpblrdffld Apgsjbpgag, 431:

  ËksahkĊrg> V. _4X-4<> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d djastag sfflktag KbbdĊg Hb-kdstgrg KadhŪuiug ȗg jgka vd ëkmrĊzkg prgk brg ȗg ja `aigu ma jcgp d b ëkstragkd

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Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

mgktru djadstĊ jcgkbvga, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt kagartdt jdkbk ȗg kaeidlbs-ibvakggd pradjurdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhkazau ȗg d prad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstrustdraŪuiug Vdgsga‘.

  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr 767.  50.Qrhdrad jåktĊrgg ma rulĊjguka, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 431:  ËksahkĊrg> V.4 kk.-5:> ‛DjadstĊ jĊrtgjgjĊ asta d djastag sfflktag KbbdĊg Hb-kdstgrg KadhŪuiug ȗg jgka vd ëkmrĊzkg prgk brg ȗg ja `aigu ma jcgp d b ëkstragkd mgk-tru djadstĊ jcgkbvga djaid ëk vajg sĊ rĊhåa supt kaartdt jdkbk ȗg kaeidlbsibvakggdVradjurdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhkazau ȗg d Vrad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiugVdgsga‘.

V. :-<> ‛DjadstĊ jĊrtgjgjĊ s-du dfflarbsgt 9hbkdcuiug; Gidrgbk mgk Z`(å)k(ui)Hukta D`bk ma ]abfflidjt … 306‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr <3=.  5<.Avdklcaiga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ, 4313  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-46 ‛Djast Avdklaigstdrgu asta d sfflktag KbbĊg HbkdstgrgKahŪuiug ȗg jgka ëi vd ëkstragkd brg prgk ja jcgp, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ råhåa suptkaartdt jdkbk ȗg kaeidlbsibvakggd Vradjurdtag Hdgjgg iug M(u)hkazau ȗg d Vrad`a-rgjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru, stdraŪuiug Vdgsga‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr <07.  53.Bjtbgc, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld MucbvkgjadsjĊ, 4305  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-7> ‛Djast Bjtbgc asta ma beȗtga, mdt ma pĊrgktaia Zgiudk mgkH-rad Kbui KadhŪ ȗg k-dra kgha vbg d-i ëkstragkd mgk egsargjĊ. Dkui 475<. Guiga

G‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr 76:.  57.Vatru HbvgiĊ, HĊrturgsgrad brtbmbxĊ, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg KadhŪ,430=  Mgk `rdlhaktaia `bgibr rĊhdsa mupĊ rastdurdrad jĊrȟgg putah stdegig jĊ ëkdkui 43<5 d dpdrŪgkut hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui KadhŪ.  ËksahkĊrg> @brzdŪui G> ‛Zpra ̀ bibsui sustatasj `r. @abmbr ma id hdgjd Jidvmgdmgk Z`. HĊkĊstgra UĊjguid‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> EKUH, jbtd G-455:700.

  :6.Vrbcbmui Mbhkuiug, EujuraŒtg, ]gpblrdffld ]bhd ]abmbrasju, 43<:  ËksahkĊrg> V. :-46> ‛DjadstĊ jdrta asta d beȗtgg stdraŪuiug Vdgsga, jdrad ëkdkui 4333 s-du dmus ëk Z`åktd Kbbd Hbkdstgra KadhŪui ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd brgprgk ja `aigu ma jcgp ma dgjad, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt kaartdt jdkbk ȗg ka-eidlbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d prad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraŪuiugVdgsga‘.  MaȟgkĊtbr> DKUH, `bkm 5447, gkvaktdr 0, mbsdr 313.  JĊrȟg vajcg mgk egeigbtajd djtudiĊ. Egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ d ̀ bstrakbvdtĊ ȗg prgk a`brturg susȟgkuta, garbmgdjbkui Diaxga, egeigbtajdrui hĊkĊstgrgg,

d dmukdt uk kuhĊr hdra ma jĊrȟg, ëktra jdra uk ibj mgstgkjt ëi bjupĊ tgpĊrgturgia vajcg rbhåkaȗtg. Jad hdg vajca jdrta pa jdra dh jarjatdt-b asta b Avdklcaiga 

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UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

(Eujuraȗtg, 4<16), gdr prgk ëksahkĊrgia hdkusjrgsa sa pbdta rastdegig pdrȟgdigtgkardrui ag. Ëk 4<<<, 5= dprgiga d `bst juhpĊrdtĊ ma prabtui Dkmrag ȗg sbȟgd sdGiadkd paktru egsargjd Zfflkȟgibr Drcdklcaig mgk sdtui Uamgui Hdra (ȟgkutui Cbtgk).

Qk ]rgbm  (Eujuraȗtg, 4<73) d dpdrȟgkut egsargjgg mgk sdtui Jaerbu. Masjbpargrad prdvbsidvkgjgg jramgkȟa ma Gbdk Mdhdsjcgk d `bst mĊrugtĊ ma mdsjĊigg Lrglbrga ȗgLcarbktga ukug hbkdc Pgsdrgbk. Qk axahpidr ma Jcgrgdjbmrbhgbk (hĊkĊstgradKadhȟ, 4344) d dpdrȟgkut aluhakuiug sjcgtuiug Cdklu, uitargbr dnukla ëkprbprgatdtad iug Kabfflt Zjrgedk. Pgaȟgia sfflkȟgibr pa iukd gdkudrga (hĊkĊstgradKadhȟ, 4345) prbvgka ma id hĊkĊstgrad Mberuȗd. Aluhakui ma id Zaju GsgcgaZtdhdta mĊruga hĊkĊstgrgg Kbuiug Kadhȟ ëk dkui 4303 Pgaȟgia sfflkȟgibr pa iukdhdrtga (hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ, 434:). B Igturlcga  (JcgȗgkĊu, 4341) d `bst mĊrugtĊsjcgtuiug Zurujakg ma prabtadsd Hdrgd mgk sdtui ]bxbeakg. Obkbk DrĊhasju-Mbkgjg d mĊrugt id 5 `aerudrga 4376 egeigbtajgg Kbuiug Kadhȟ uk axahpidr ma

 DrĊtdra pa sjurt d muhkazaaȗtgibr mblha dia jramgkȟag (hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ, 4340).B Igturlcga (Gdȗg, 4343) dpdrȟgkad id 47 hdrtga 43=: egsargjgg Ibzbksjcg mgk Gdȗg.Qk Vrbibl  (gukga dulust, 4311) prbvgka ma id hĊkĊstgrad Jurjcg ȗg dpdrȟgkad ëkdkui 4761 garbhbkdcuiug Pidmghgr, gdr b Igturlcga (JcgȗgkĊu, 4317) s-d dstdt ëkprbprgatdtad sjcgtuiug ]deĊrd.  ËksahkĊrgia ma pa jĊrȟgia gmaktgffljdta b`arĊ hĊrturgg mgrajta maspra vdibd-rad ȗg jgrjuidȟgd jĊrȟgibr vajcg. Mgk djasta ëksahkĊrg ragasa ghpbrtdkȟd pa jdrad dvut-b hĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ paktru spgrgtudigtdtad rbhåkadsjĊ mgk Edsdrd-egd. Vrgk mĊrugrad jĊrȟgibr bdhakg sghpig, ̀ aȟa egsargjaȗtg, parsbkdigtĊȟg jukbsjuta

s-du ëksjrgs ëk råkmurgia jtgtbrgibr hĊkĊstgrgg.4.Avdklcaiga, Eujuraȗtg, ]gpblrdffld Hgtrbpbigag, 4<16

  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-40> ‛DjadstĊ jdrtg, dkuha Z`åktd Avdklcaiga, du juhpĊrdt-brbeui iug Muhkazau Dkmrag, ëhpraukĊ ju sbȟui sau Gi(a)dkd ȗ-du mdt-b ma pbhdkĊid easadrgjd mak Uamgui Hdra id crdhui Z`åktuiug Drcdklcaig Hgcdgi ȗg Ldvrggi,paktru sĊkĊtdtad kbdstrĊ ȗg paktru gartdra pĊjdtaibr pĊrgkȟgibr ȗg tbt kgdhuikbstru ȗg brgja prautu s-dr ëktåhpid sĊ siundsjĊ pa måksd sg ffla eidlbsibvgt maCrgstbs, gdr ëktåhpiåkmu-sĊ jd sĊ b `ura jgkavd br sĊ b sjdea (sgj!) sĊ ffla eigstĊhdtma :43 ma sfflkȟg pĊrgkȟg ȗg sĊ k-dgeĊ pdrta id strdȗkajui lgumaȟ, gdr tåhpiåkmu-sĊ

 v(ra-)b rĊzhargȟĊ sĊ dgeu au Dkmrag ëk Uamgui Hdra E.A. ju dzstd jdrta, jd sĊb stråklĊ pĊr id vraha ma pdj(a) gdr s-b mag id dja egsĊrgjĊ. Piat <531 94<<<;,dp(rgi) 5=‘.  5.Zghabk Drcgapgsjbpui asdibkgjuiug, PbrbdvĊ ma ëktraeĊrg ȗg rĊspuk-surg ëktru Crgstbs, Eujuraȗtg, ]gpblrdffld Hgtrbpbigag, 4<01  :.Igturlcga, Eujuraȗtg, ]gpblrdffld Hgtrbpbigag, 4<36  =.Dmukdrad jdzdkggibr, ]bhui G-GGG, Pgakd, 4<7:  1.]rgbmgbk, Eujuraȗtg, ]gpblrdffld Hgtrbpbigag, 4<73  ËksahkĊrg> @. =<= v > G. ‛Djast ]rgbm i-du juhpĊrdt sdtu Jaerbu‘.

GG. ‛Djast ]rgbm astg d sfflktgg egsargjg Jaerbu, i-du juhpĊrdt tbt sdtu ȗg i-du mdteg9sĊrgjgg;‘.

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=7

Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

  0.abfflidjt Drcgapgsjbpui Euildrgag, ]åijugrad avdklcaiggibr, Gdȗg, ]gpb-lrdffld Hgtrbpbigag, 4361  Va `bdgd ma tgtiu d `bst dpigjdtĊ b ȗtdhpgiĊ bvdiĊ, jarkadiĊ vgbiatĊ ju ur-

hĊtbdrad ialakmĊ> Egeigbtajd Z`. Hbkdstgrg KBQI KADHȞ 47:5 Jcgȟjdkg, num. ]glcgkd.  <.Gbdk Mdhdsjcgk, Masjbpargrad prdvbsidvkgjgg jramgkȟa, Gdȗg, ]gpblrdffldHgtrbpbigag, 4360  ËksahkĊrg> @.t.> ‛DjadstĊ jdrta asta d ha. 4333 / guiga, mdt ma Zahabk,Lcabr9lca;, Gbdk, ]ghbtcag‘.  V. 4-4=> ‛DjadstĊ jdrta ëhg gdsta mdtĊ ma pbhdkĊ ma prad jgkstgȟgg ȗg ma pĊrgk-ȟgg ȗg prad hgibstgvag hga mdsjĊig Lcarbktga ȗg Lrglbrga, spra pbhakgrad sfflkȟggibrsdia. Muhkazau hgibstgvui sĊ-g ëkvramkgjadsjĊ sĊ ffla ëk jadtd ȗg eujurgd sfflkȟgibrmdsjdig ëk `argjgtui rdgu paktru hgid ja du drĊtdt ju hgka, strgjdtui ȗg pĊjĊtbsui

Pgsdrgbk hbkdc E>‘.  V. 41-5:> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d beȗtangtgag prad `argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiugkbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd, brg ëk ja jcgp mgktru djadstĊ s`åktĊKbbdĊ Hbkdstgra Kgdhȟui, djaid ëk vajg sĊ rĊhåga supt ka artdt jdkbk ȗg ka eid-lbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru‘.  3.Jcgrgdjbmrbhgbk, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4344ËksahkĊrg> V. 4-<> ‛DjadstĊ jdrta gdsta d (ëk jbktgkudra tĊgdt ȗg sjrgs ma ditĊ håkĊ)Vrbtbsgklcaiuiug Kabfflt Zjrgedk. HblbȗĊȗtgg, id 56 guiga 43=: 9sahkĊturĊ dutb-lrd`Ċ; (ëk jbktgkudra sjrgs ma prghui dutbr ma ëksahkdra) garbhbkdc, gluhak

Z`åktuiug sjcgt Cdkluiug‘.  7.Jcgrgdjbmrbhgbk, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4344  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4 (mgk 44)> ‛Kdstgd EåtjĊ, prbprgatdrd djastag jĊrȟg‘.  Va `brzdȟui GG> G. ‛DjadstĊ jdrta, Jcgrgajbmrbhgbk, astg d ha hbkdcga(g)Zjbrȟasjb. 4344, sĊpt(ahvrga) 5=‘.  GG. ‛Lcgbrlcg Zåreu‘.  46.Pgaȟgia sfflkȟgibr pa iukd gdkudrga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4345  ËksahkĊrg> Va b `bdga jurdtĊ id ëkjaputui jĊrȟgg> ‛Mgk dkui 475< trĊgtbrg ëks`åktd HĊkĊstgrg Cåkjuiug. Våk(Ċ) id 47:6, aigeardt id 4 hdg‘.

  @. 4-5> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta, ja sĊ kuhaȗtg iukd iug gdkudrga, asta d iug ab-mbrgt hbkdcui ȗg du mdt pa måksd tragzajg `ĊrĊ mbg ma iag. 434<‘.  Va ditĊ `bdga dieĊ id s`årȗgtui jĊrȟgg> G. ‛Id dkui 43:4 du ̀ bst Pdvgid id Zareaȗtg.ZtĊpåkui id Hgtbj. Hbkdc Pdvgid‘.  GG. ‛Dh jatgt ȗg au prautu Mghgtrgg Hurd`d ȗg egka, ȗg dhu h-dh `bibsgt‘.  GGG. ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrtg h-dh ëkvramkgjgt au pĊjĊtb(d)sd d b jatg prastatbt Pgjtbr(g)d @abmbrbvkd, mbjg Udjbvd. Dku 431:, ëk iukd iug kbahvrgg‘.  GGG. ‛Dh jatgt au kavramkgjui ȗg pĊjĊtbsui djadstĊ svåktĊ jdrtg‘.  Va b ̀ bdga dieĊ ma id s`årȗgtui jĊrȟgg> G. ‛Ëk dkui 43:4, hdrtga ëk 3 zgia, s-du hu-

tdt mak vgdȟd djadstd vrahaikgjĊ pururad pbhakgtui prbtbgarag Diajsag Lueakgg,jdra du `bst id jdkbk id djadstĊ hbkdstgra Mberuȗd‘.

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16

UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

  GG. ‛Ëk dkui 43:4, hdrtga ëk 51 zgia, s-du hutdt mgk vgdȟd djadstd vrahaikgjĊKgjbidg Pdjdrgu. Zpra ȟgkara dh sjrgs‘.  GGG. ‛Ëk dkui 43:3, `(a)vr(udrga) 4: zgia, s-du hutdt jĊtrĊ Mbhkui scghbkdcVdcbhga eĊtråkui‘.  GP. ‛Ëk dkui 43:3, `avr(udrga) 5:, s-du hutdt jĊtrĊ Mbhkui `rdtgig LcabrlcgJcgrgjĊ mgk Eulgdl‘.  P. ‛Ëk dkui b hga bpt suta pdtruzĊjg ȗg trga s-du hutdt mgk vggdȟd djadstdtrajĊtbdra id ja vaȗkgjĊ Dvkuta Eulajdkui, juhkdt fflgkm hbkdcuiug Pdrkdvd, ëkiukd iug hdrtga, ëk pdtru zgia‘.  Va ditĊ `bdga dieĊ id s`årȗgtui jĊrȟgg> ‛Vrbtbaraui Gbdk s-du bråkmugt kdjadikgjid Ndpjd? ȗg s-du sfflkȟgt drcghdkmrgt ma prabsfflkȟgtui Vdvai? ȗg mupĊ mbg sdu trag dkgi-du ëkvbikgt mgk Ndpjd ȗg i-du mdt id Mberuȗd, id pbjbg, gdrĊ ai pg urhĊ s-du jarutjd sg fflg hĊjdr ujgtaig id Zurujakg? ȗg fflgkm ai djbib ujgtaig du hurgt drcghdkmrgtui

Kdtcdkdgi ȗg du rĊhds ai drcghdkmrgt id Zurujakg, ëk sjurtĊ vrahg? ȗg i-du sjbs ȗgi-du mdt id Zdcdrkd tbt kdjadikgj ȗg ma djbib malrdeĊ i-du sjbs ȗg gdr i-du mdt idpbjbg id Mberuȗd? ȗg id dkui 4330, `avrudrga ëk 1 zgia, s-du hutdt jĊtra Mbhkui ȗgs-du ëklrbpdt diĊturg ju drcghdkmrgtui Grgkdrc id `ukmui egsargjgg hdrg mgk vdia‘.  Va ditĊ `bdga dieĊ ma id s`årȗgtui jĊrȟgg> G. ‛Ëk dkui 43:=, hdrtga, ëk 57 mg zgias-du hutdt jĊtra Mbhkui Garbhbkdcui Pakamgjt, ja du vakgt ma pasta lrdkgȟdVrutuiug ma id sjcgtui ]dziĊu, ëk Edssdrdeggd, jdraia sĊ kuhgd prabtui PdsgigaJcgȗjĊrĊgdk, fflgkm mgk uazmui Cbtgkuiug‘.  GG. ‛Ëk dkui 43:=, dprgi 43 zgia, s-du hutdt jĊtrĊ Mbhkui hbkdcui Pakamgjt

prgsĊjdrgui ëk harjurad pdtahgibr‘.  GGG. ‛Ëk dkui 43:=, dprgi 5: ma zgia, du ëkjaput d siung grbmgdjbkui Gpdtga sdrdid vajarkga s-du ëherĊjdt ëktĊg ȗg d mbdb zg du siungt‘.  G.‛Ëk dkui 43:=, dprgi 51, s-du pbrkgt pĊrgktaia Vdgsa grbmgdjbkui id ZvadtdLbrd‘.  GG.‛Ëk 43:=, dprgi 55, s-du hutdt jĊtrĊ Mbhkui hbkdcggd HgidkggdJĊrĊuȗdkjd‘.  Va b ditĊ `bdga ma id s`årȗgtui jĊrȟgg> G. ‛Dkui 4313, iukd iug dprgiga s-du jatgtmg hgka pĊjĊtbsui garbhbkdc Hdkbgi mgk hbkdstgrad Mberuȗd‘.  GG. ‛Dkui 4313 s-du hutdt mgk vgdȟd djadstd vrahaikgjĊ id ja vajgkgjĊ hbȗuiLcabrlcg PĊtdvui mgk MueĊsdrgg, ëk iukd iug bjtbvrgg, ëk mbuĊzajg ȗg ȗdsg, såheĊtĊsdrd spra muhgkgjĊ. ȓg dh sjrgs au pbsiuȗkgjui Jbstdktgk Ȟdu spra dmujara dhgktaȗg jgka vd jatg sg zgjĊ Muhkazau sg-i arta jĊ huitĊ dsjuitdra du `Ċjut‘.GGG.‛Ëk dkui 43<:, gdkudrga ëk :6, s-du hutdt mgk vggdȟd djadstd vrahaikgjĊPidmghgr Ibzdku‘.  44.Pgaȟgia sfflkȟgibr pa iukd `aerudrga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4345ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-1> ‛DjadstĊ jdrta asta d g(a)rbhbkdcuiug @gighbk mgk sk. hĊk.Jurjcg‘.  ]axt suprdpus pa ëksahkdrad prajamaktĊ> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d arb-

hbkdcuiug @abmbsga MbdlĊ‘.  45.Pgaȟgia sfflkȟgibr pa iukd hdrtga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 434:.

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14

Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-7> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta s-du mĊrugt beȗtangtgag prad `argjg-tuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga Paigjgjbvsjcga ëk s`åktd Kbbd HbkdstgraKgdhȟui ëk Eassdrdeggd ma prad juvgbȗggd sd pĊrgktaia mucbvkgjui Gsgcga Ztdhdtagluhakui Zfflktag hbkdstgrg Zajuiug ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd brg ëk ja jcgpu, djaidsĊ rĊhåga ëk vadjg ka artdt ȗg supt ka eidlbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d prad`argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 4303‘.  4:.Pgaȟgia sfflkȟgibr pa iukd hdg, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 434:  4=.Pgaȟgia sfflkȟgibr pa iukd hdg, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 434:  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-<> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta, ëhpraukĊ ju jaiaidita jĊrȟg pa 9uk-sprazaja iukg; ... (igpsasj 5 `bg - k.k.) pĊjĊtbsui ȗg mbrkgjui ma shargtĊ pbjĊgkȟĊ ȗgrbl pra jai pra ëkdit d tbt putarkgj sĊ hĊ ëkvramkgjadsjĊ hdg ëkdgkta mg jadsui jaima pra urhĊ ëktru shargtd pbjĊgkȟĊ. 43=<, hdrt 56 zgia. Vbhaȗjgj sdtuiug HĊjakggLcabrlcg Hgcdgi @rdhgȟdk‘ (jcgr., jark. kadlrĊ).

  41.Igturlcga, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld AxdrcgjadsjĊ, 4341  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-0> ‛DjadstĊ Igturlcga s-du nĊrtfflt ma prasvgtard Hdrgd d rĊpb-sdtuiug prautuiug Zpgrgmbk mgk sdtui ]bxbeakg id hĊkĊstgrad Zurujakgg, id Z`åktuiHdraia Hujakgj Lcabrlcgg‘.  40.Hbiaekgj, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld AxdrcgjadsjĊ, 4341  4<.DrĊtdra pa sjurt d muhkazaaȗtgibr mblha, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrggKadhȟ, 4340  ËksahkĊrg> @.t. ‚ `.<> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta, asta d beȗtangtgag prad `argjgtuiugpĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga Paigjgjbvsjcga, dȗazdtĊ dgjad ëk Eassdrdeggd ëk

s`åktd Kbdb Hbkdstgra Kgdhȟui ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd brg ëk ja jcgp mgktru djadstĊs`åktĊ KbbdĊ Hbkdstgra Kgdhȟui djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt kaartdt jdkbk kaeidlbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 43<5‘.  @. 4> ‛Drcgh. Gbsg`. 4705‘.  43.DrĊtdra pa sjurt d muhkazaaȗtgibr mblha, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrggKadhȟ, 4340  ËksahkĊrg> @brzdȟui G> ‛DjgdstĊ s`ĊktĊ jdrta s-du mĊrugt Egeigbtajag ZfflktagHbkdstgrg Kbui Kadhȟu mgk Easdrdegd ma jĊtra sue sahkdtui /jĊiulĊr mgk PajcguiKahȟu/ Mr. Drcghdkm. Obkbk Drdhasjui Mbkgjg, Vrb`asbr Zfflktag abiblgg ȗg

Vramgjdtbr Z` tag

 Hatrbpbigg mgk Gdȗg. 5 `av. 4376‘ (idt.).  @.t.-p. <> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta mĊrugtĊ Egeigbtajgg sfflktag Hbkdstgrg KbuiKadhȟ mgk Easdrdegd, dkuha ma jĊtra Drcghdkmrgtui Vrb`asbr ma ]abiblga ȗg Vra-mgjdtbru d Zfflktag Hgtrbpbigg Hbimbvag /Gdȗgg/ Mbjtbrui Obkbk Drdhasjui Mbkgjg/ mgk Z`. Hgtrbpbiga Gdȗg/ ȗg kghĊkug ku ig astg artdt jd sĊ b ëkstrĊgkazĊ ma id djasts`åkt ȗg muhkazĊasju ibjdȗu brg prgk ja jcgp dr ffl supt di hdg ka artdt jdkbk eg-sĊrgjasju. Dhgku. Gdȗg. 5 ̀ avrudrga, dkui 4376. Mr. drcghdkmrgt Obkbk DrdhasjuMbkgjg prb`asbr‘.  47.Vsditgra, Gdȗg, ]gpblrdffld Hgtrbpbigag, 434<  ËksahkĊrg> @. _4X - 1> ‛Djgdstd Vsditgra mgk d Z`åktuiug prbrbjuiug Mdvgm,sfflkȟga sd pĊrgktaia Kgjbmgh hbkdc, ju praȟ s-du juhpĊrdt ma hgka pĊjĊtbsui

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UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

mg zĊjg iag ȗg nuhĊtdta 9ȗg jgka dr ëkmrĊzkg sĊ b ëkstrĊgkaza; ... s-du djaiuga jg 9vdëkmrĊzkg sĊ b `ura;, sĊ fflg suptu kaartdt jdkbk 9ȗg s-b dmujĊ; gdrĊȗg ëkdpbg ȗg sprahdg eukĊ dmgvargkȟĊ ... dh ëksĊhkdt ȗg paktru jd sĊ ffla ȗtgut prajuh ëk mbs sĊ

drdtĊ. Djuh mdr s-du dfflarbsgt ma hgka‘.  @. 0 v > ‛Vbhakaȗta Mbdhka Btkuffla hbkdc‘.  56.Igturlcga, Gdȗg, ]gpblrdffld Hgtrbpbigag, 4343  54.Igturlcga, Gdȗg, ]gpblrdffld Hgtrbpbigag, 4343  ËksahkĊrg> @.t. - `. _5X> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ Iaturlcga asta d egsĊrgjgg HdraiugHujakgj Lcabrlca, ja sĊ zgja Ibzbksjcg, mgk brdȗui Aȗgg. Vaktru djadstd dh ëk-sĊhkdt ëktr-ëksd jd sĊ ku sĊ ëkstrĊgkazĊ mg dita jĊrȟg d egsĊrgjgg. 43=:, hdrt 47. ...gjbkbh‘.  55.Egeigd, Zdkot Vatarseurl, ]gpblrdffld iug Kgj. Lrajad, 4347  ËksahkĊrg> @.t.-p.4<> ‛Vra djadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta b cbtĊrĊsj au huit pĊjĊtbsui

Dkmrbkgj Garbscghbkdc, jd sĊ ffla ëk vadjg d beȗtangtgag prad `arjgtuiug pĊrgktaiugkbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd, brg ëk ja jcgp mgkutru djadstĊ s`åktĊKbdb hbkdstgra Kadhȟui, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt ka artdt jdkbk ȗg ka eid-lbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru‘.  5:.Gsddj Zyrui, Juvgkta, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4347  ËksahkĊrg> V. 4-:> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta b rĊhds ma id garbscghbkdcuiDktcgh, jdraia id 47 gdkudrga 4334 s-du hutdt jĊtrĊ Mbhkui ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkdbrg prgk ja jcgp mgktru djadstĊ s`åktĊ KbbdĊ Hbkdstgra Kgdhȟui djaid ëk vadjg sĊrĊhåga supt ka artdt jdkbk ȗg ka eidlbsibvakggd pradjurdtag Hdgjgg iug Muhkazau

ȗg d prad `argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga‘.  V. 4-<> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta, jdra juprgkma ëk sgka juvgkta puskgjaȗtg, s-ducĊrĊzgt ma sfflkȟggd sd pĊr. Pakamgjt prbgk stdraȟ ujakgjuiug sĊu garbmgdjbkuiugab`dk. 43=7, majcahvrga 53‘.  5=.Hbigtvakgj, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld AxdrcgjadsjĊ, 435651.A`rah Zyrui, Juvgkta ȗg ëkvĊȟĊturg, Jdrtad GGG, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ,435:  ËksahkĊrg> @._4X> ‛Drcgh. Gbsg`. 473<‘.  @. 4-5:> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d jcgkbvgag prad `argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiugkbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga Paigjgjbvsjcga dȗazdtĊ dgjad ëk Eassdrdeggd ëk s`åktd KbdbHbkdstgra Kgdhȟui ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd brg prgk ja jcgpu djaid sĊ rĊhåga kaartdtëk vajg ȗg supt ka eidlbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d prad `argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiugkbstru. 4303‘.  50.@ukga sdu `råklcga ëktragtĊ, Gdȗg, ]gpblrdffld Hgtrbpbigag, 43:4  ËksahkĊrg> V. 4-:1> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta asta d beȗtangtgag prad `argjgtuiugpĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd, brg ëk ja jcgp mgktrudjadstĊ s`åktĊ KbbdĊ Hbkdstgra Kgdhȟui, djaid ëk vajg sĊ rĊhåga supt ka artdtjdkbk ȗg ka eidlbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 43<6‘.  5<.Pgaȟgia sfflkȟgibr pa iukd saptaherga, _EujuraȗtgX, ]gpblrdffld Hgtrbpb-

igag, 43:1  53.Bjtbgc, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 43:0

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1:

Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4> ‛Drcgh. Gbsg`, 4776‘.  @. 4-45> ‛Dkmrbkgj mucbvkgj kahȟdk ȗg sajdk dh juhpĊrdt ju 41 rueiadrlgkt djast Bjtbgc, dk 4305, saptaherga 5= ȗg i-dh råkmugt jd sĊ ffla ma-d pu-rurad ëk sbebrkgjadsjd egsadrgjĊ d sfflktag KbbdĊ Hbkdstgrg Kgdhȟui, ëk beȗtadprad `argjgtuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga Paigjgjbvsjcga, ëk EassdrdeggdkastrĊhutdt, gdrĊ jgka vd ëkmrĊzkg d-i ëkstragkd brg prgk ja jcgpu djaid ëk vadjgsĊ rĊhåg supt ka eidlbsibvakggd Hdgjag Mbhkuiug ȗg d prad juvgbsuiug pĊrgktaiugkbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga Paigjgjbvsjcga ȗg supt ka artdt jdkbk. 4: gdkudrga 430=‘.@. ::=> ‛Drcgh. Gbsg`. 4717‘.  57.Hgkag pa iukd saptaherga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 43=1  ËksahkĊrg> @.t.‚`. <> ‛Vra djadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta b cbtĊrĊsj au huit pĊjĊtbsuiDkmrbkgj Garbscghbkdc, jd sĊ ffla ëk vadjg d beȗtangtgag prad `arjgtuiug pĊrgktaiugkbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd, brg ëk ja jcgp mgkutru djadstĊ s`åktĊ

Kbdb hbkdstgra Kadhȟui, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt ka artdt jdkbk ȗg ka eid-lbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 430=‘.  :6.Hgkag pa iukd bjtbherga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 43=1  ËksahkĊrg> @. t.‚`. 3> ‛Vra djadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta b cbtĊrĊsj au huit pĊjĊtbsuiGarbscghbkdc Dkmrbkgj, jd sĊ ffla ëk vadjg d beȗtangtgag prad `arjgtuiug pĊrgktaiugkbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd, brg ëk ja jcgp mgkutru djadstĊ s`åktĊKbdb hbkdstgra Kadhȟui, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt ka artdt jdkbk ȗg ka eid-lbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 430=‘.  :4.Hgkag pa iukd kbgaherga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 43=1

  ËksahkĊrg> @.t.‚`. <> ‛Vra djadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta b cbtĊrĊsj au, huit pĊjĊtbsuiDkmrbkgj Garbscghbkdc, jd sĊ ffla ëk vadjg d beȗtangtgag prad `arjgtuiug pĊrgktaiugkbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd, brg ëk ja jcgp mgktru djadstĊ s`åktĊKbdb hbkdstgra Kadhȟui, djaid ëk vadjg sĊ rĊhåga supt ka artdt jdkbk ȗg ka eid-lbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiug kbstru. 430=.

@. _1X (mgk uitghaia _1X `.)> G. ‛DstĊzg 51.61.4707 d pibudt, mg zgud ËkĊiȟĊrggMbhkuiug Gsus Crgstbs (Gspds) ‘.  GG. Ëk zgud ma vgkarg id mdtd ma 55 dprgiga 5661 d kgks ȗg strdtui ma bhĊt ma 3jaktghatrg 9sahkĊturĊ dutblrd`Ċ;.

  :5.Avdklcaiga, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld MucbvkgjadsjĊ, 4311  ::.Vrbibl _hdrtga-hdgX, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4311  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4-54> ‛DjadstĊ s`åktĊ jdrta s-du juhpĊrdt ma hgka huit pĊjĊ-tbsui Dkmrbkgj garbscghbkdc ȗg mucbvkgj mgk s`åktd hbkdstgra Kgdhȟui ëk dkui4306, gdrĊ ëk dkui 4304, `ulgkm au mgk Hbimdvggd, mgk prgjgkd tgrĊkggibr prgkȟuiugDiaxdkmru Juzd, djuh b cbtĊrĊsj sĊ rĊhåga ëk vgdjg d sfflktag KbbdĊg HbkdstgrgKgdhȟuiug ëk Eassdrdeggd ȗg jgka b vd ëkstragkd mgk kuhgtd jcgkbvga d prad `argjg-tuiug pĊrgktaiug kbstru stdraȟuiug Vdgsga Paigjgjbvsjcga, brg prgk ja jcgpu djaid sĊrĊhåga ëk vadjg ka artdt ȗg supt ka eidlbsibvakggd Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug ȗg d pĊrgktaiugkbstru. 430=‘.  :=.Vrbibl _gukga-dulustX, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4311

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1=

UAPGZ]D MA GZ]BUGA D HBIMBPAG

Z]QMGG

  :1.Vrbibl _gukga-dulustX, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4311  ËksahkĊrg> @. 7-5<> ‛Djadstë jdrtg jg së kuhaȗtg Vrbibl astg mradptĊ d Garbhb-kdcuiug Pidmghgr mgk hbkdstgrad Jurjcg, juhpĊrdtĊ 9ju praȟ; jgksprazajg 41

rue., dku 4761, hdrtgg 51 zgig. Z-du mĊrugt djadstĊ jdrta mg Garbhbkdcu Pidmghgrs`. egsargjg ju crdhu Kdȗtarad Hdgjgg Mbhkuiug mgk sdtu Glkdȟag. 4761, gukgg =zgig‘.  :0.Igturlcga, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld MucbvkgjadsjĊ, 4317  ËksahkĊrg> @. 435> ‛Ma id ]deĊrĊ‘.  :<.Igturlcga, ]gpblrdffld HĊkĊstgrgg Kadhȟ, 4306  ËksahkĊrg> @. 4 v -5> ‛DjadstĊ Iaturlcga asta prbprga d egsargjgg jdtamrdia rb-håka mgk ured Zuigkd, piĊtgtĊ mgk jutga. 4334, gukga 51‘.  :3.Dktbiblcgbk, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld MucbvkgjadsjĊ, 4304  :7.Dktbiblcgbk, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld MucbvkgjadsjĊ, 4304

  ËksahkĊrg> Va b `bdga dieĊ id ëkjaputui jĊrȟgg> ‛ZĊ ffla spra pbhakgrad pĊr.Gbdk IapĊmdtu‘.  Va `. _5X> ‛Djast Hgkag ma beȗtga asta mdt sdu nartfflt Zfflktag HĊkĊstgrg KbuiKadhȟ ‚ Jcgȟjdkg ma ̀ bst ̀ rdta ȗg dsjuitĊtbr Zfflktag HĊkĊstgrg ȗg pĊstrdt sĊ ffla Zfflk-tag HĊkĊstgrg påkĊ id Z`årȗgtui vadjuiug. Dhgk. Ma pĊr. Vrbtbarag Gbdk IapĊmdtu‘.  =6.]raekgj, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld ApdrcgdiĊ, 4763  =4.Djdtgstui Vradsfflktag KĊsjĊtbdrag ma Muhkazau eujurgd tuturbr sjår-egȟgibr, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld ApdrcgdiĊ, 4767  =5.Avdklcaiga, JcgȗgkĊu, ]gpblrdffld ApdrcgdiĊ, 4745

  Mgk tbtdiui ma <5 ma jĊrȟg jarjatdta ma vgsu, mgk egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg KbuiKadhȟ sdu mgk dita `bkmurg brg mgk hĊkĊstgrg, prbvakgta ma id Jcgȟjdkg :6 du `bsttgpĊrgta ëk pargbdmd vajca, gdr =5 ma jĊrȟg ëk pargbdmd hbmarkĊ d jĊrȟgg rbhåkaȗtg,jaad ja jbkstgtuga =5 % jdrta vajca ȗg raspajtgv 13 % jdrta hbmarkĊ. Mgk sajbiuiSPGG asta sahkdidtĊ b jdrta, mgk sajbiui SPGGG ‚ 0 tgpĊrgturg, mgk sajbiui SGS ‚ 05ma axahpidra ȗg mgk sajbiui SS (påkĊ id 4745) ‚ : jĊrȟg. Du `bst jbkstdtdta jĊrȟgtgpĊrgta id hĊkĊstgrad Lbvbrd ‚ uk axahpidr, id Eujuraȗtg ‚ < jĊrȟg (46 %), id Eu-zĊu ‚ 5 jĊrȟg (: %), id Pgakd ‚ 4 jdrta (4 %), id Gdȗg ‚ 0 jĊrȟg (3 %), JcgȗgkĊu ‚ 4=axahpidra (56 %), Zdkot Vatarseurl ‚ 4 axahpidr (4 %), hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ - =6

ma jĊrȟg (10 %). Mgk djasta mdta stdtgstgja razuitĊ dȗd juh asta ȗg fflrasj jĊ tgpĊ-rgturgia ma id JcgȗgkĊu ȗg ma id hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ sukt jaia hdg kuharbdsa. Jutbdta djastad mdtaia prazaktdta hdg sus ku jbkstgtuga uitghui dmavĊr, gdr jarjatĊrgëk mbhakgu vbr dmuja ukaia prajgzĊrg prgvgkm tdeibui stdtgstgj di tgpĊrgturgibr mgkegeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ. Zuktah, ëksĊ jbkvgkȗg ma `dptui jĊ ȗg dita jdi-juia ku vbr putad rĊsturkd gpbtazd jbk`brh jĊragd ëk egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg KbuiKadhȟ kuhĊrui jĊrȟgibr mgk tgpblrdffld kahȟadkĊ pravdiadzĊ dsuprd jaibr mgk ditajaktra rbhåkaȗtg.  Gk`brhdȟgd prazaktdtĊ jbkstgtuga mbdr b hbmastĊ gktakȟga ëk jarjatdrad ege-

igbtajgg hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ, ukgjd jbksarvdtĊ ëk hdra pdrta. Asta jukbsjut jĊmupĊ ëkjcgmarad ma jĊtra sbvgatgjg d iĊjdȗaibr ma juit, egeigbtajgia du `bst rgsgpgta,

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11

Glbr Jaratau

JBK]UGEQȞGG ID GZ]BUGD EGEIGB]AJGG HąKąZ]GUGG KBQI KADHȞ

brg jcgdr kghgjgta. Mbdr uk hgj kuhĊr ma jĊrȟg du `bst rajupardta ȗg ratrbja-mdta `aȟaibr egsargjaȗtg sdu ëk hĊkĊstgrg. Mgk ebldtaia egeigbtajg hĊkĊstgraȗtg kud rĊhds majåt egeigbtajd hĊkĊstgrgg Kbui Kadhȟ, jdra d `bst mapbzgtdtĊ ëk `bk-

murgia Drcgvag Kdȟgbkdia d Uapueigjgg Hbimbvd. Z-du ëktraprgks gktakȟgg hbmastama vdibrgffljdra d djastag egeigbtajg, ëksĊ jad hdg hdra pdrta d hdkusjrgsaibr ȗgtgpĊrgturgibr kajasgtĊ b gkvastgldȟga tahagkgjĊ, jdra dr juprgkma masjrgarad fflzgjĊ,juprgksui, ëksahkĊrgia hdkusjrgsa paktru fflajdra jdrta. Mbdr dst`ai sa vbr putadsjbdta ëk avgmakȟĊ vdibrbdsa matdigg maspra djast `bkm ma jdrta, djuhuidt sajbiaid råkm ma jĊtra jĊiulĊrgg ma id hĊkĊstgrad Kadhȟ ȗg trdks`ardtĊ ëk uitghaia pdtrumajakgg dia sajbiuiug di SGS-iad ëk kbud hĊkĊstgra Kadhȟ, ëkfflgkȟdtĊ ma jĊiulĊrggkahȟakg pa hbȗgd Jcgȟjdkg, ëk dprbpgara ma ]glcgkd.  HĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ d trajut prgk hdrg lrautĊȟg, d razgstdt vgtralggibrtghpuiug, d `bst igjcgmdtĊ ëk pargbdmd sbvgatgjĊ ȗg rakĊsjutĊ ëk uitghui majakgu di

sajbiuiug SS. Djastag hĊkĊstgrg g-du ̀ bst jbksdjrdta kuharbdsa stumgg ma jdrdjtarȗtggkȟgfflj ȗg pueigjgstgj, jdra ëk tbtdigtdtad ibr, mazvĊiuga gstbrgd trĊgtĊ ma jbhukg-tdtad hbkdcdiĊ ma id ëkfflgkȟdra påkĊ ëk prazakt. AxgstĊ, ëksĊ, suffljgakt ma huitĊgk`brhdȟga gkamgtĊ maspra hĊkĊstgrad Kbui Kadhȟ, ëk spajgdi jad maspra vdibrgiaegeigbfflia, gdr jarjatĊrg uitargbdra vbr ̀ djgigtd bdrajuh vdibrgffljdrad pdtrghbkguiugkbstru gstbrgj ȗg juiturdi, br pueigjdta tbdta djastad vbr ëktralg pgasdnui gstbrgj dihĊkĊstgrgg.

Zuhhdry 

  ]cgs drtgjia gkjiumas gk`brhdtgbk debut ukpueigscam ebbos b` tca Kbui Kadhthbkdstary igerdry gk Eassdrdegd. ]ca hbkdstary wds `bukmam gk tca sajbkm cdi` b`tca kgkataaktc jaktury ey hbkos `rbh tca hbkdstary Kadht, d`tar tca ra`brhs b`Diaxdkmru Gbdk Juzd, wcb radjcam tcgs hbkdstary gktarasts. ]ca hbkos stam Kadhthbkdstary astdtas ia`t tca Vrut Ugvar, wcara tcay sat up d kaw Kadht hbkdstary oaaptca bim trdmgtgbk. ]cay erbulct wgtc tcah hdky hdkusjrgpts dkm bim ebbos, jradt-gkl d vdiudeia dkm rgjcast igerdry gk Eassdrdegd. ]ca `bukmars b` tca hbkdstary dkmigerdry dra hbkos ]cabpcdk Jrgstad dkm Dkmrbkgj Vbpbvgjg. @bt hbkdstary jibsam ey

tca Zbvgat dutcbrgtgas gk 4705, dkm ebbos gk tca igerdry stbram gk tca Kdtgbkdi Drjcgvasb` tca Uapueigj b` Hbimbvd, eut sbha prgkts wara sbim, mbkdtam br sbim ey hbkosdkm kbw wa cdva gmaktgfflam tca `ukmgkl b` igerdrgas, husauh jbiiajtgbks, hbkdstgjigerdrgas. ]cgs gk`brhdtgbk prbvgmas d hbmast jbktrgeutgbk tb tca jbhpiatgbk b` tcaKbui Kadht hbkdstary igerdry.